CN1168502C - 猪环状病毒和细小病毒疫苗 - Google Patents
猪环状病毒和细小病毒疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1168502C CN1168502C CNB998091316A CN99809131A CN1168502C CN 1168502 C CN1168502 C CN 1168502C CN B998091316 A CNB998091316 A CN B998091316A CN 99809131 A CN99809131 A CN 99809131A CN 1168502 C CN1168502 C CN 1168502C
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- porcine circovirus
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Abstract
本发明涉及抵抗猪多系统萎缩综合症(PMWS)的抗原制品和疫苗,其包括至少一种猪环状病毒,优选II型猪环状病毒,和至少一种猪细小病毒。
Description
本发明涉及抵抗PMWS综合症(猪多系统萎缩综合症也称断奶后多系统萎缩综合症)的疫苗。
下文中引用了许多文献,而且下文引用的各种文献中又参考或引用了许多文献。本文不承认任何这些文献对于本发明来说是真正的先有技术。所有本文引用的文献和本文引用文献中参考或引用的文献均以参考文献并入本文。
PCV(即“猪环状病毒”)最初是作为猪肾细胞系PK/15中非致细胞病变的污染物而被检测到的。该病毒和鸡贫血病毒(CAV)以及PBFDV病毒(Pscittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus)一起分类为环状病毒科(Circoviridae)。它是一个无包被小病毒(15-24nm),其共同特点是含有一个1.76-2.31kb环状单链DNA形式的基因组。最初认为该基因组编码一个约30kDa的多肽(Todd等,Arch Virol 1991,117;129-135)。然而最近的工作显示更为复杂的转录(Meehan B.M.等,1997,78;221-227)。而且,已知这3类环状病毒之间在核苷酸序列或共同抗原决定族上没有显著的同源性。
来自PK/15细胞的PCV被认为是不致病的。其序列见B.M.Meehan等,普通病毒学杂志(J.Gen.Virol.)1997(78)221-227。只是最近一些作者才认为PCV株可能是致病性的,并与PMWS综合症有关(Gupi P.S.Nayar等,Can.Vet.J,第38卷,1997:385-387和Clark E.G.,Proc.Am.Assoc.Swine Prac.1997:499-501)。Nayar等使用PCR技术在患有PMWS综合症的猪中检测到PCV DNA。
在加拿大、美国和法国检测到的PMWS的临床特征是体重逐渐减轻和呼吸急促、呼吸困难和黄疸等表现。从病理学角度看,其表现是淋巴细胞或肉芽肿浸润、淋巴结病,更为罕见的是肝炎、淋巴细胞或肉芽肿肾炎(Clark E.G.,Proc.Am.Assoc.Swine Prac.1997;499-501;LaSemaine Vététinaire No.26,supplement to La Semaine Vététinaire1996(834);兽医周刊(La Semaine Vétérinaire)1997(857);Gupi P.S.Nayar等,Can.Vet.J,第38卷,1997;385-387)。
本申请人已成功地从加拿大、美国(加利福尼亚)和法国(布列塔尼)的农场来源的肺或神经节样品中分离了5个新的PCV株。在患有PMWS综合症的猪损伤处检测到这些病毒,但在健康猪中没有。
此外,本申请人还测定了这些株系中的4个即加拿大、美国和两个法国株系的基因组序列。这些株系相互之间在核苷酸水平上显示了非常强的超过97%的同源性,而与PK/15株的同源性则低得多,约76%。因此,这些新的株系可以认为是代表了猪环状病毒的一种新类型即II型,PK/15代表I型。
这5个新株系根据布达佩斯条约分别于1997年10月2日星期4和1998年1月16日星期5保藏于ECACC(欧洲细胞培养物保藏所(EuropeanCollection of Cell Cultures),应用微生物和研究中心(Centre forApplied Microbiology & Research),Porton Down,Salisbury,Wiltshire SP4 OJG,英国),其中1997年10月2日星期4:
-保藏号V97100219(本文称为Imp.1008PCV)
-保藏号V97100218(本文称为Imp.1010PCV)
-保藏号V97100217(本文称为Imp.999PCV),
1998年1月16日星期5:
-保藏号V98011608(本文称为Imp.1011-48285)
-保藏号V98011609(本文称为Imp.1011-48121)。
本申请人在一项实验室重现猪多系统萎缩综合症的实验中发现,猪环状病毒联合猪细小病毒可导致该疾病的加重。
因此,本发明的主题是给猪接种猪环状病毒(具体地是I型或II型,优选II型)的疫苗,并联合接种猪细小病毒疫苗。这理解为给猪接种二价疫苗或同时使用猪环状病毒疫苗和猪细小病毒疫苗。
参考细小病毒株是NADL-2株,它可依据保藏号VR-742从ATCC保藏中心获得。预防株细小病毒的疫苗接种是本领域技术人员熟知的,而且预防猪细小病毒的疫苗可从商业途径购得。可提到的例子是Parvovax(预防猪细小病毒的灭活疫苗,MERIAL销售)。也见例如P.Vannier和A.Laval.,Point.Vét.1993,25(151),53-60;G.Florent等,猪兽医协会第9届会议论文集(Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of PigVeterinary Society),1986年7月15-18日,西班牙巴塞罗那。对于DNA疫苗,可参见例如WO-A-98 03658。
因此,本发明的主题是抵抗PMWS综合症的抗原制品,包括至少一种猪环状病毒抗原(优选II型环状病毒)和至少一种猪细小病毒抗原。根据本发明,猪环状病毒抗原(优选II型环状病毒)和猪细小病毒抗原各自独立地包含选自减毒活全抗原、灭活的全抗原、亚基抗原、重组活载体和DNA载体的抗原。应该理解,根据本发明的组合可涉及任何适当抗原或抗原制品形式,应当理解,对于给定组合,不一定使用相同形式。此外,正如人们所已知的,抗原制品可包含兽医学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,并可选择包含兽医学上可接受的佐剂。
本发明的主题还涉及抵抗PMWS综合症的免疫原性组合物或疫苗,其包含处于兽医学上可接受的载体或赋形剂之中的有效剂量的上述环状病毒+细小病毒抗原制品,并可选择包含兽医学上可接受的佐剂。免疫原性组合物引起免疫应答,其可以但不必需具有有保护性。疫苗组合物引起保护性应答。因此,术语“免疫原性组合物”包括“疫苗组合物”(因为前一术语可以是保护性的组合物)。
本发明主题还涉及包含包装上分开的抵抗猪环状病毒的抗原制品或免疫原性组合物或疫苗和抵抗猪细小病毒的抗原制品或免疫原性组合物或疫苗的免疫或疫苗接种试剂盒。该试剂盒可具有上述定义抗原制品、免疫原性组合物和疫苗的各种特征。
本发明主题还有抵抗PMWS综合症的免疫或疫苗接种方法,包括施用抵抗猪环状病毒的免疫原性组合物或疫苗和抵抗猪细小病毒的免疫原性组合物或疫苗,或施用在同一制剂中包含一种对两种病毒均特异的抗原制品的二价免疫原性组合物或疫苗。具体地,该免疫或接种方法使用上述疫苗。
本发明的主题还在于抵抗特别是以上定义的抵抗细小病毒的抗原制品或免疫原性组合物或疫苗,联合抵抗猪环状病毒的抗原制品或免疫原性组合物或疫苗,在制备用于抵抗PMWS综合症的药物组合物中的应用。
为了产生环状病毒抗原制品,环状病毒可在细胞特别是细胞系如PK/15细胞中传代后获得。培养物上清液或提取物,选择性地用标准技术纯化,可用作抗原制品。
对于减毒抗原制品和减毒免疫原性组合物或疫苗,减毒可根据常规方法来进行,例如在细胞上传代,优选在猪细胞特别是细胞系如PK/15细胞上传代(例如50-150代,特别是约100代)。通常,这些免疫原性组合物和疫苗包含从兽医学观点看可接受的载体或稀释剂,并可选择包含从兽医学观点看可接受的佐剂和可选择的冷冻干燥稳定剂。
这些抗原制品、免疫原性组合物和疫苗优选包含103-107 TCID50所述减毒病毒。
它们可是基于灭活全抗原的抗原制品、免疫原性组合物和疫苗。此外,灭活免疫原性组合物和疫苗还包含兽医学上可接受的载体或稀释剂,并可选择包含兽医学上可接受的佐剂。
根据本发明的环状病毒和可能存在的成分根据本领域技术人员已知的技术灭活。灭活优选通过化学途径进行,例如通过将抗原暴露于化学试剂如甲醛(福尔马林)、多聚甲醛、β-丙内酯或乙烯亚胺或其衍生物中来进行。本文优选的灭活方法是暴露在化学试剂中,特别是乙烯亚胺或β-丙内酯。
优选地,可根据本领域技术人员熟知的技术,向本发明的灭活抗原制品和灭活免疫原性组合物和疫苗中添加佐剂,佐剂最好是以乳剂形式例如油包水或水包油的形式提供。佐剂的特性也可来自在活性成分中包含常规佐剂化合物。
在可使用的佐剂中,可提到的例子是氢氧化铝、皂苷类(如Quillaja皂苷或Quil A;见疫苗设计,亚基和佐剂方法(Vaccine Design,TheSubunit and Adjuvant Approach),1995,Michael F.Powel和Mark J.Newman编,Plennum Press,New-York and London,第210页)、阿夫立定(Avridine)(疫苗设计,第148页)、DDA(二甲基二(十八烷基)溴化铵,疫苗设计,第157页)、聚磷腈(疫苗设计,第204页)、或者是基于矿物油的水包油乳剂、角鲨烯(如SPT乳剂,疫苗设计,第147页)、角鲨烯(如MF59,疫苗设计,第183页)、或基于可代谢油的油包水乳剂(优选根据WO-A-94 20071)以及US-A-5,422,109中所描述的乳剂。也可选择佐剂的组合,例如阿夫立定或DDA与乳剂联合。
这些抗原制品、免疫原性组合物和疫苗优选包含105到108 TCID50的所述灭活全病毒。
用于上述活疫苗的佐剂可选自用于灭活疫苗的那些佐剂。优选乳剂。指明用于灭活疫苗的佐剂还有WO-A-9416681所述的佐剂。
作为冷冻干燥稳定剂,可提到的例子包括SPGA(Bovarnik等,细菌学杂志(J.Bacteriology)59,509,950),碳水化合物如山梨糖醇、甘露醇、淀粉、蔗糖、葡聚糖或葡萄糖,蛋白质如白蛋白或酪蛋白,这些化合物的衍生物,或缓冲液如碱金属磷酸盐。
根据本发明的抗原制品、免疫原性组合物和疫苗可包含根据本发明的一或多种环状病毒和/或细小病毒的一或多种活性成分(抗原)。
此外,本申请人获得了4个II型猪环状病毒分离物的基因组,见SEQID NO:1到4。PK-15株的序列见SEQ ID NO:5。自然,本发明自动涵盖等价序列,也就是说不改变所述序列或该序列编码的多肽的功能或株系特异性的序列。这当然包括由于密码子的简并性而不同的序列。
本发明还涵盖能在高严谨条件下与上述序列杂交和/或与本发明株系具有高同源性的等价序列。
借助适当载体,这些序列和它们的片段可方便地用于体外或体内表达多肽。
具体地,在II型环状病毒基因组序列中已鉴定了可用于该目的的开放阅读框(ORF1-13),它们形成了根据本发明的DNA片段。本发明涉及任何含有至少一个这些开放阅读框(相应的氨基酸序列)的多肽。优选地,本发明涉及基本上由ORF4、ORF7、ORF10或ORF13组成的蛋白质。
为了体外表达亚基,作为一种表达方法,优选使用大肠杆菌(E.Coli)或杆状病毒(US-A-4,745,051)。可将一或多个所述编码序列或其片段整合至杆状病毒基因组(如杆状病毒苜蓿银纹夜蛾(Autographacalifornica)核型多角体病毒,AcNPV)中,然后后者可在昆虫细胞如草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)Sf9(保藏号ATCC CRL 1711)中增殖。所述亚基也可在真核细胞如酵母(如酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae))或哺乳动物细胞(如CHO、BHK)中生产。
本发明主题还在于通过这些表达方法体外产生、然后可选择地按照传统技术纯化的多肽作为亚基的用途。亚基免疫原性组合物和疫苗包含至少一种按上述方法获得的多肽或片段、兽医学上可接受的载体或稀释剂,并可选择包含兽医学上可接受的佐剂。
为了体内表达产生重组活型或DNA型免疫原性组合物和疫苗,在允许所述多肽表达的条件下将一或多个编码序列或其片段插入适当表达载体中。作为合适的活载体,优选使用活病毒,该病毒优选能按照本领域技术人员熟知的技术在猪体内扩增,并且对猪无致病性(天然无致病性或人为致使其无致病性)。具体地,可使用猪疱疹病毒如Aujeszky氏病病毒、猪腺病毒、痘病毒,特别是痘苗病毒、禽痘病毒、金丝雀痘病毒、猪痘病毒。载体也可使用DNA载体(WO-1-9011092,WO-A-9319813,WO-A-9421797,WO-A-9520660)。
因此,本发明主题还在于由此制备的载体和重组活型或DNA(多核苷酸)型免疫原性组合物或疫苗、其制品和其用途、以及还包含兽医学上可接受的赋形剂或稀释剂的免疫原性组合物和疫苗。
根据定义,DNA免疫原性组合物或疫苗含有可是超螺旋或非超螺旋环状疫苗质粒或线性DNA分子的DNA载体,该载体包含并体内表达编码抗原性多肽的核苷酸序列。
DNA型重组免疫原性组合物和疫苗可包含佐剂。
在联合免疫或疫苗接种计划中,抵抗猪环状病毒和猪细小病毒的免疫或疫苗接种也可联合抵抗其它猪病原体特别是可能与PMWS综合症有关的病原体的免疫或疫苗接种。因此,根据本发明的免疫原性组合物或疫苗可包含与其它猪病原体相应的其它效价,这些猪病原体选自PRRS(猪繁殖和呼吸综合症,Porcine Reproductory and Respiratory Syndrome)、和/或猪肺炎枝原体、和/或大肠杆菌、和/或萎缩性鼻炎、和/或假狂犬病(Aujeszky氏病)病毒、和/或猪流感病毒、和/或大叶性肺炎放线杆菌、和/或猪霍乱及其组合。优选地,根据本发明的免疫或疫苗接种计划和疫苗将联合抵抗环状病毒和细小病毒、和PRRS(WO-A-93/07898,WO-A-94/18311,FR-A-2 709 966;C.Charreyre等,第15届IPVS大会论文集(Proceedings of the 15th IPVS Congress),伯明翰,英国,1998年7月5-9日,第139页)、和/或猪肺炎枝原体(EP-A-597 852,EP-A-550 477,EP-A571 648;O.Martinon等,第157、284、285页和G.Reynaud等,第150页,均见上述引用的第15届IPVS大会论文集)、和/或猪流感病毒。因此,可使用任何形式的免疫原性组合物或疫苗,特别是任何可获得的商业疫苗,以便其与本文所述的抵抗猪环状病毒和猪细小病毒的免疫原性组合物或疫苗联合使用。
因此,本发明主题还在于多价免疫原性组合物和疫苗、多疫苗试剂盒、以及使得可采用这种联合免疫或疫苗接种计划的联合免疫或疫苗接种方法。
下面本发明将借助非限制性典型实施方案并参考下列附图作更详细的描述:
图1:Imp.1011-48121株基因组的DNA序列
图2:Imp.1011-48285株基因组的DNA序列
图3:Imp.999株基因组的DNA序列
图4:Imp.1010株基因组的DNA序列
图5:根据图1-4的4个序列与PCV PK/15株的对比
序列表SEQ ID(序列标识)
SEQ ID No:1 Imp.1011-48121株基因组的DNA序列
SEQ ID No:2 Imp.1011-48285株基因组的DNA序列
SEQ ID No:3 Imp.999株基因组的DNA序列
SEQ ID No:4 Imp.1010株基因组的DNA序列
SEQ ID No:5 PK/15株的DNA序列
实施例
实施例1:猪环状病毒株的培养和分离:
在法国、加拿大和美国从小猪的肺和淋巴结收集组织样品。这些小猪显示断奶后多系统萎缩综合症的典型临床症状。为有利于分离病毒,尸体解剖后立即将组织样品于-70℃冷冻。
为分离病毒,用无菌研钵和棒将组织和无菌沙子一起研磨,在含有Earle氏盐(EMEM,BioWhittaker UK Ltd.,Wokingham,英国)、青霉素(100IU/ml)和链霉素(100ug/ml)(MEM-SA培养基)的基本培养基中制备含约15%组织样品的悬液。然后用MEM-SA回收该研磨制品并在3000g、4℃离心30分钟以收获上清液。
在接种细胞培养物之前,向2ml的每个上清液中加入100ul体积的氯仿并在室温持续混合10分钟。然后将混合物转入一个微量离心管中,3000g离心10分钟,然后收获上清。该上清液用作病毒分离实验的接种物。
所有病毒分离研究均在已知无猪环状病毒(PCV)、瘟病毒(pestivirus)、猪腺病毒和猪细小病毒污染的PK/15细胞培养物中进行(Allan G.等,乏初乳小猪的猪环状病毒实验性感染的发病和猪胎儿材料的检查(Pathogenesis of porcine circovirus experimentalinfections of colostrum-deprived piglets and examination of pigfoetal material),Vet.Microbiol.1995,44,49-64)。
猪环状病毒的分离按照下列技术进行:
通过(用胰蛋白酶-versene混合物)胰蛋白酶消化从铺满培养物解离单层PK/15细胞,并用含15%无瘟病毒污染的胎牛血清的MEM-SA培养基(=MEM-G培养基)按约400,000细胞/ml的终浓度悬浮。然后取10ml该细胞悬液的等分试样与2ml上述接种物等分试样混合,最终的混合物以6ml体积分加至两个25cm2的Falcon培养瓶中。然后将这些培养物在含10%CO2的空气中37℃孵育18小时。
孵育后,用300mM D-氨基葡糖(Cat#G48175,Sigma-Aldrich有限公司,Poole,英国)处理该半铺满的单层细胞的培养基(Tischr I.等,Arch.Virol.,1987 96 39-57),然后在37℃继续孵育48-72小时。最后一次孵育后,每个接种物的两个Falcon培养瓶取一个用于连续3次冻/融循环。剩下的Falcon培养瓶的PK/15细胞用胰蛋白酶-versene溶液处理,重悬于20ml MEM-G培养基中,然后以400,000细胞/ml的浓度接种至75cm2 Falcon培养瓶。然后加入5ml冻/融循环后获得的相应裂解物,对新接种的培养瓶进行“超感染”。
实施例2:制备用于通过免疫荧光或原位杂交检测猪环状病毒的细胞培养物样品
收集5ml“超感染”悬液,接种至含有一无菌无脂玻璃盖片的55mm直径的培养皿中。将培养瓶中的培养物和玻璃盖片上的培养物于37℃孵育,并按实施例1所述用氨基葡糖处理。氨基葡糖处理后从第24到48小时之间收集玻璃盖片上的培养物,用丙酮室温固定10分钟或用10%缓冲甲醛固定4小时。固定后,将所有玻璃盖片置于硅胶上保存于-70℃,直到其用于原位杂交研究和免疫细胞化学标记研究。
实施例3:原位杂交检测PCV序列的技术
对收集自患病猪并用甲醛固定的组织和在玻璃盖片上接种用于分离病毒(见实施例2)和固定的细胞培养物制品进行原位杂交。
使用与PK/15猪环状病毒(PCV)和感染性鸡贫血病毒(CAV)相应的完整基因组探针。使用含有复制型PCV基因组的质粒pPCV1作为PCV的特异病毒DNA来源,其中PCV基因组以单一1.7千碱基对(kbp)插入片段的形式克隆(Meehan B.等,猪环状病毒DNA序列:与植物环状病毒的亲和性(Sequence of porcine circovirus DNA:affinities with plantcircoviruses),J.Gen.Virol.1997,78,221-227)。阴性对照使用含有2.3kbp复制型鸟环状病毒CAV的类似质粒pCAA1。按照碱裂解法分别使用这两个质粒的甘油储存物制备和纯化该质粒(Sambrook J.等,分子克隆:实验手册(Molecular cloning:A Laboratory Manual).第2版,冷泉港实验室,冷泉港,纽约,1989),以便随后可用作制备探针的模板。根据厂家的推荐使用商业非放射性标记试剂盒(“DIG DNAlabelling kit”,Boehringer Mannheim,Lewes,英国),从上述纯化质粒(每个探针1ug)和随机六核苷酸引物制备代表PCV和CAV完整基因组的环状病毒探针。
地高新配基标记探针溶于50-100ul体积的无菌水中,然后用于原位杂交。
根据下列技术制备石蜡包埋并用甲醛固定的患病猪组织样本,以及甲醛固定的感染细胞培养物制品,用于检测PCV核酸:
从石蜡包埋组织块切出5um厚切片,除去石蜡,然后在递减浓度的连续乙醇溶液中再水化。组织切片和甲醛固定的细胞培养物分别于37℃在含有5mM EDTA和0.5%蛋白酶K的0.05M Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7.6)中孵育15和5分钟。然后将载玻片置于无菌蒸馏水配制的1%甘氨酸溶液中30秒,用0.01M PBS缓冲液(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)(pH7.2)洗涤两次,最后在无菌蒸馏水中洗涤5分钟。最后将其于空气中干燥,之后与探针接触。
每个组织/探针制备物用一个干净无脂玻璃盖片覆盖,之后置于烤箱中+90℃10分钟,然后与冰块接触1分钟,最后于37℃孵育18小时。然后将该制备物短暂地浸没在2×柠檬酸钠盐(SSC)缓冲液(pH7.0)中,以除去保护性的玻璃盖玻片,之后用2×SSC缓冲液洗涤两次,每次5分钟,最后用PBS缓冲液洗涤两次,每次5分钟。
上述洗涤后,将制备物浸没在0.1M马来酸和0.15MNaCl(pH7.5)(马来酸缓冲液)溶液中10分钟,然后在溶于马来酸缓冲液的1%封闭试剂溶液(Cat#1096176,Boehringer Mannheim UK,Lewis,East Sussex,英国)中37℃孵育20分钟。
然后该制备物与封闭缓冲液稀释的1/250抗-地高新配基单克隆抗体(Boehringer Mannheim)溶液于37℃一起孵育1小时,之后用PBS洗涤,最后和生物素化抗鼠免疫球蛋白抗体于37℃孵育30分钟。制备物用PBS洗涤,再用溶于PBS的0.5%过氧化氢溶液室温处理20分钟以封闭内源过氧化物酶活性。再次用PBS洗涤制备物,用临用前新制备的3-氨-9-二乙基咔唑(AEC)底物(Cambridge Bioscience,Cambridge,英国)处理。
用自来水最后洗涤后,制备物用苏木精复染,在自来水中显蓝色,之后用封固液(GVA Mount,Cambridge Bioscience,Cambridge,英国)以显微镜玻璃盖片封片。实验对照包括对获自患病猪和非患病猪的样品使用无关阴性探针(CAV)和阳性探针(PCV)。
实施例4:免疫荧光检测PCV的技术
通过间接免疫荧光技术(IIF),使用成年猪血清库1/100稀释液对丙酮固定的所有细胞培养物制备物进行初步筛选。该血清库包括25头北爱尔兰成年母猪的血清,已知含有抗多种猪病毒的抗体,所述猪病毒包括PCV:猪细小病毒、猪腺病毒和PRRS病毒。IIF技术通过将(用PBS稀释的)该血清与细胞培养物在37℃接触1小时然后在PBS中洗涤两次来进行。然后,将细胞培养物用1/80 PBS稀释的与异硫氰酸荧光素偶联的兔抗猪免疫球蛋白抗体染色1小时,然后用PBS洗涤,并封装在甘油缓冲液中,然后在紫外光下显微观察。
实施例5:患病猪组织的原位杂交结果
采用PCV基因组探针,对从法国、加拿大和加州具有多系统萎缩损伤的小猪收集并用甲醛固定的组织进行原位杂交,结果显示,研究的多个损伤组织中存在损伤相关的PCV核酸。当对从非患病猪收集的组织使用PCV基因组探针时,或对患病猪组织使用CAV探针时,均未观察到信号。在加州小猪肺中浸润损伤部位的很多单核细胞的细胞质和细胞核中鉴定到PCV核酸的存在。在肺细胞、支气管和细支气管的上皮细胞,以及小动脉、小静脉和淋巴管的内皮细胞中也显示了PCV核酸的存在。
在患病法国猪中,许多滤泡淋巴细胞的细胞质和淋巴结的内窦状隙(intrasinusoidal)单核细胞中检测到PCV核酸的存在。在个别合胞体中也检测了到PCV核酸。依据这些检测结果,选择加州猪肺、法国猪肠系膜淋巴结和加拿大猪器官的样品用于分离新的猪环状病毒株。
实施例6:新猪环状病毒株的细胞培养和免疫荧光检测结果
在以显示多系统萎缩综合症临床症状的法国小猪(Imp.1008株)、加州小猪(Imp.999株)和加拿大小猪(Imp.1010株)收集的样品接种的细胞培养物中未观察到致细胞病变效应(CPE)。然而,接种后的细胞培养物的制备物经丙酮固定后以猪多克隆血清库进行免疫标记,显示在以加州小猪(Imp.999株)肺、法国小猪(Imp.1008株)纵隔淋巴结和加拿大小猪(Imp.1010株)器官接种的培养物中许多细胞有细胞核荧光。
实施例7:猪环状病毒基因组DNA的提取
按用于克隆复制型CAV的所述方法(Todd.D.等,采用克隆的DNA探针点印迹杂交分析鸡贫血因子,J.Clin.Microbiol.1991,29,933-939),采用孵育72-76小时后收获并经氨基葡糖处理的感染PK/15细胞培养物(见实施例1)(75cm2的10个Falcons),制备复制型猪环状病毒(PCV)的新株系。根据改进的Hirt技术(Hirt B.从感染的细胞培养物中选择性提取多瘤病毒DNA,分子生物学杂志(J.Mol.Biol.)1967,36,365-369),按照Molitor所述方法(Molitor TM.等,猪环状病毒DNA:两个病毒分离物的基因组和复制型DNA的鉴定,病毒学(Virology),1984,137,241-254),提取这些复制型的双链DNA。
实施例8:猪环状病毒Imp.999株基因组复制型的限制性图谱
根据厂商推荐采用S1核酸酶(Amersham)处理经Hirt技术提取的DNA(1-5ug),然后按Todd等所述方法(鸡贫血因子的纯化和生物化学鉴定,J.Gen.Virol.1990,71,819-823),用各种限制性酶(BoehringerMannheim,Lewis,East Sussex,英国)消化该DNA,消化产物用含有溴化乙锭的1.5%琼脂糖胶电泳分离。从Imp.999株的培养物中提取的DNA具有单一EcoRI位点,两个SacI位点,无PstI位点。因此,该限制图谱不同于具有一个PstI位点而无EcoRI位点的PCV PK/15株所显示的限制图谱(Meehan B.等,猪环状病毒DNA序列:与植物环状病毒的亲和性,1997 78,221-227)。
实施例9:猪环状病毒Imp.999株基因组的克隆
用限制酶EcoRI消化双链复制型PCV Imp.999株,产生大约1.8kbp的限制性片段,在1.5%琼脂糖胶上电泳(见实施例3)之后,采用Qiagen商业试剂盒(QIAEXII凝胶提取试剂盒,Cat#20021,QIAGEN Ltd.,Crawiey,West Sussex,英国)分离。然后,根据标准克隆技术(SambrookJ.等,分子克隆:实验手册,第二版,冷泉港实验室,冷泉港,纽约,1989),将该EcoRI-EcoRI限制性片段与预先以同样的限制酶消化并脱磷酸化的载体pGEM-7(Promega,Medical Supply Company,Dublin,Ireland)连接。获得的质粒根据标准技术转化大肠杆菌JM109宿主菌(Stratagene,La Jolla,美国)。还将PCV Imp.999株的该EcoRI-EcoRI限制性片段克隆在pBlueScript SK+载体(Stratagene Inc.La Jolla,美国)的EcoRI位点。对于每个宿主菌获得的克隆,筛选至少2个含有期望大小片段的克隆。然后培养获得的克隆,并根据标准质粒制备和纯化技术小量(2ml)或大量(250ml)纯化含有Imp.999株完整基因组的质粒。
实施例10:PCV Imp.999株基因组DNA(双链复制型)的测序
根据Sanger双脱氧核苷酸技术,按厂商推荐采用测序试剂盒“AmpliTaq DNA聚合酶FS”(Cat#402079 PE Applied Biosystems,Warrington,英国)以及Applied BioSystems AB1373A自动测序装置,测定2个EcoRI Imp.999克隆(克隆pGEM-7/2和pGEM-7/8)的核酸序列。用M13“正向”和“反向”通用引物进行初始测序反应。之后的测序反应根据“DNA步行”技术进行。这些随后的测序所必需的寡核苷酸由LifeTechnologies(Inchinnan Business Park,Paisley,英国)合成。
产生的序列通过MacDNASIS软件3.2版本(Cat#22020101,Appligene,Durham,英国)进行组装和分析。利用“国家生物技术信息中心”(NCBI,Bethesda,MD,美国)服务器的BLAST算法分析各种开放阅读框。
完整序列(EcoRI-EcoRI片段)见SEQ ID No:3(图3)。其给出了该株的全部序列,随意以EcoRI位点的开端为起始,即G是第一个核苷酸。
按相同的方式进行该程序,获得另外三个分离株的序列(见SEQ ID No:1,2和4以及图1,2和4)。
这四个株系的基因组大小为:
Imp.1011-48121 1767核苷酸
Imp.1011-48285 1767核苷酸
Imp.999 1768核苷酸
Imp.1010 1768核苷酸
实施例11:PCV Imp.999株序列的分析
当检测Imp.999株产生的序列与GenBank数据库中的序列的同源性时,检测到的唯一显著同源性是与PK/15株(保藏号Y09921和U49186)序列的大约76%的同源性(在核酸水平上)(见图5)。
在氨基酸水平上,在6读框的序列翻译中与数据库(NABI服务器上的BLAST X运算法则)的同源性检测显示与GenBank U49186序列编码的类似于植物环状病毒的BBTV病毒的推测复制酶(GenBank识别号1841515)相应的开放阅读框94%同源。
数据库中没有其它序列显示与PCV Imp.999株产生的序列显著同源。
分析采用从具有多系统萎缩综合症临床症状的加州小猪收集的损伤部位培养的Imp.999株的序列,清楚地显示该病毒分离物是一种新的猪环状病毒株。
实施例12:序列的比较分析
这4种新的PCV株的核苷酸序列与PCV PK/15株的序列进行对比(图5)。建立了考虑这4种新株和以前的PK/15株的同源矩阵。结果如下:
1:Imp.1011-48121
2:Imp.1011-48285
3:Imp.999
4:Imp.1010
5:PK/15
1 2 3 4 5
1 | 1.0000 | 0.9977 | 0.9615 | 0.9621 | 0.7600 |
2 | 1.0000 | 0.9621 | 0.9632 | 0.7594 | |
3 | 1.0000 | 0.9949 | 0.7560 | ||
4 | 1.0000 | 0.7566 | |||
5 | 1.0000 |
两个法国株Imp.1011-48121和Imp.1011-48285间的同源性大于99%(0.9977)。
两个北美株Imp.999和Imp.1010间的同源性也大于99%(0.9949)。法国株和北美株间的同源性稍大于96%。
所有这些株与PK/15间的同源性均介于75%和76%之间。
由此推论,根据本发明的这些病毒株代表猪环状病毒的新类型,不同于PK/15株所代表的类型。从表现PMWS症状的猪分离的该新类型称作II型猪环状病毒,而PK/15为I型。属于该II型的病毒株表现出显著的核苷酸序列同源性,尽管实际上它们分离自距离非常远的地理区域。
实施例13:新PCV株基因组编码的蛋白的分析
Imp.1010分离株的核苷酸序列被作为其它与多系统萎缩综合症相关的环状病毒株的代表。利用BLASTX算法(Altschul等,分子生物学杂志,1990.215.403-410)和MacVector 6.0软件包(Oxford Molecular Group,Oxford OX4 4GA,英国)的一组程序对该序列进行更为详细的分析。在该序列(环状基因组)上可检测到13个长度大于20个氨基酸的开放阅读框(或ORF)。这13个ORF如下:
名称 | 起始 | 终止 | 链 | ORF长度(核苷酸(nt)) | 蛋白长度(氨基酸(aa)) |
ORF1 | 103 | 210 | 有义链 | 108nt | 35aa |
ORF2 | 1180 | 1317 | 有义链 | 138nt | 45aa |
ORF3 | 1363 | 1524 | 有义链 | 162nt | 53aa |
ORF4 | 398 | 1342 | 有义链 | 945nt | 314aa |
ORF5 | 900 | 1079 | 有义链 | 180nt | 59aa |
ORF6 | 1254 | 1334 | 有义链 | 81nt | 26aa |
ORF7 | 1018 | 704 | 反义链 | 315nt | 104aa |
ORF8 | 439 | 311 | 反义链 | 129nt | 42aa |
ORF9 | 190 | 101 | 反义链 | 90nt | 29aa |
ORF10 | 912 | 733 | 反义链 | 180nt | 59aa |
ORF11 | 645 | 565 | 反义链 | 81nt | 26aa |
ORF12 | 1100 | 1035 | 反义链 | 66nt | 21aa |
ORF13 | 314 | 1381 | 反义链 | 702nt | 213aa |
每个ORF的起始和终止位置参见图4(SEQ ID No.4)所示之1010株基因组的序列。ORF 1至13的界限与999株一致。它们还与1011-48121株及1011-48285株一致,除了ORF 3和13:
ORF3 1432-1539,有义链,108nt,35aa
ORF13 314-1377,反义链,705nt,234aa。
在这13个ORF中,4个与位于克隆病毒PCV PK-15基因组上的类似ORF显著同源。分析多系统萎缩综合症相关的所有环状病毒分离株的基因组上存在的每个开放阅读框。这4个ORF如下:
名称 | 起始 | 终止 | 链 | ORF长度(nt) | 蛋白大小(aa) | 分子量 |
ORF4 | 398 | 1342 | 有义链 | 945nt | 314aa | 37.7kDa |
ORF7 | 1018 | 704 | 反义链 | 315nt | 104aa | 11.8.kDa |
ORF10 | 912 | 733 | 反义链 | 180nt | 59aa | 6.5kDa |
ORF13 | 314 | 1381 | 反义链 | 702nt | 233an | 27.8kDa |
每个ORF的起始和终止的位置参见图4所示之序列(SEQ ID No.4)。ORF的长度(以核苷酸=nt表示)包括终止密码子。
比较PCV Imp.1010和PCV PK-15分离株的基因组结构,可鉴定2个病毒基因组中存在的4个ORF。下表显示了观察到的同源程度:
ORF Imp.1010/ORF PVC PK-15 | 百分比同源性 |
ORF4/ORF1 | 86% |
ORF13/ORF2 | 66.4% |
ORF7/ORF3 | 61.5%(在重叠区水平上(104aa)) |
ORF10/ORF4 | 83%(在重叠区水平上(59aa)) |
在ORF4 Imp.1010和ORF1 PK-15之间观察到最大序列一致性(86%同源)。这是可预测到的,因为该蛋白可能参与病毒DNA的复制并为病毒复制所必需(Meehan等,J.Gen.Virol.1997.78.221-227;Mankertz等,J.Gen.Virol.1998.79.381-384)。
ORF13 Imp.1010和ORF2 PK-15之间的序列一致性较低(66.4%同源),但这两个ORF均真正显示了与CAV鸟环状病毒的主要结构蛋白的N-端区域一致的高度保守N-端碱基区域(Meehan等。Arch.Virol.1992.124.301-319)。而且,在ORF7 Imp.1010和ORF3 PK-15之间以及ORF10 Imp.1010和ORF4 PK-15之间观察到很大的差异。在两种情况下,当它们与PCVPK-15的ORF3和ORF4比较时,Imp.1010分离株的ORF7和ORF10的C-端区域存在一个缺失。在ORF7/ORF3(重叠区水平61.5%同源性)和ORF10/ORF4(重叠区水平83%同源性)的N-端区域观察到最大的序列同源性。
由于其基因组极为致密,猪环状病毒的基因组结构显得很复杂。主要结构蛋白可能来自位于猪环状病毒基因组相同链上的几个阅读框之间的拼接。因此,可认为上表所述的任何开放阅读框(ORF1-13)可代表II型环状病毒编码的抗原蛋白的全部或部分,因此是可用于特异诊断和/或疫苗接种的潜在抗原。因此,本发明涉及至少包含上述一个ORF的任何蛋白质。优选地,本发明涉及基本由ORF4、ORF7、ORF10或ORF13组成的蛋白质。
实施例14:从新株系克隆的PCV基因组的感染特性
根据Meehan B.等所描述的技术(来自鸡贫血因子感染细胞的病毒的鉴定:克隆复制型的序列分析和克隆基因组片段的转染能力,Arch.Virol.1992,124,301-319),将含有Imp.999分离物(复制型)完整基因组的质粒pGEM-7/8转染至PK/15细胞中。对在无污染的PK/15细胞中感染后的第一代进行免疫荧光分析(见实施例4)显示,克隆pGEM7/8的质粒能诱导感染性PCV病毒的产生。含有感染性PCV遗传物质的克隆的获得允许对病毒基因组进行任何有用操作,以获得能用于产生减毒或重组疫苗或用于产生作为诊断试剂盒的抗原的(在猪中为减毒的或缺陷的)修饰PCV病毒。
实施例15:通过体外培养产生PCV抗原
根据实施例1中相同的方法进行无污染PK/15细胞的培养和病毒的增殖。37℃孵育4天后进行胰蛋白酶消化,收获感染细胞并计数。以400,000感染细胞/ml接种第二代。
实施例16:病毒抗原的灭活
病毒培养结束时收获感染细胞,并用超声波(Branson Sonifier)或利用转子-定子型(rotor-stator type)胶体磨(UltraTurrax,IKA)裂解。然后将悬液以3700g离心30分钟。该病毒悬液用0.1%乙烯亚胺37℃处理12小时或用0.5%β-丙内酯28℃处理24小时灭活。如果灭活前病毒滴度不足,则通过使用300kDa截断值的膜(Miliipore PTMK300)进行超滤浓缩病毒悬液。灭活的病毒悬液保存在5℃。
实施例17:制备基于矿物油的乳剂形式的疫苗
根据下列配方制备疫苗:
-灭活猪环状病毒悬液: 250ml
-MontanideISA 70(SEPPIC): 750ml
水相和油相分别过滤除菌。通过利用Silverson涡轮乳化器将这些成分混合和搅匀来制备乳剂。
一个疫苗剂量含有约107.5 TCID50。一个疫苗剂量的体积对于通过真皮内途径给药为0.5ml,对于通过肌内途径给药则为2ml。
该疫苗与Parvovax疫苗联合用于抵抗多系统萎缩综合症的疫苗接种计划。
实施例18:制备基于可代谢油的乳剂形式的疫苗
根据下列配方制备疫苗:
-灭活猪环状病毒悬液: 200ml
-Dehymuls HRE 7(Henkel): 60ml
-Radia 7204(Oleofina): 740ml
水相和油相分别过滤除菌。通过利用Silverson涡轮乳化器将这些成分混合和搅匀来制备乳剂。
一个疫苗剂量含有约107.5 TCID50。一个疫苗剂量的体积对于通过肌内途径给药为2ml。
该疫苗与Parvovax疫苗联合用于抵抗多系统萎缩综合症的疫苗接种计划。
实施例19:采用超免疫血清(PCV-T)、一组从PK/15制备的单克隆抗体F99和从加拿大株(PCV-C)制备的超免疫血清获得的与美国和法国PCV病毒株以及PK/15污染物有关的间接免疫荧光结果
病毒 | |||
PK/15 | 美国 | 法国 | |
PCV-T抗血清PCV-C抗血清F99 1H4F99 4B10F99 2B7F99 2E12F99 1C9F99 2E1F99 1H4 | ≥6400200≥10 000≥10 000≥10 000≥10 000≥10 000≥10 000≥10 000 | 200≥6.400<100<100100<100<100<100100 | 800≥6.400100<100<100<100100<100<100 |
*在间接免疫荧光分析中给出阳性反应的血清或单克隆抗体最后稀释的倒数。
实施例20:猪多系统萎缩综合症的试验产生-程序1
用PCV病毒溶液接种剖腹产获得并放置在隔离装置中的3天龄无菌小猪。所用的II型PCV病毒是Imp 1010分离物和从患病猪淋巴结匀浆获得的病毒。分成5组。所有小猪均在3天龄通过口鼻途径根据下列方案接种1.5ml病毒溶液:
组别 | 数量 | 病毒 | 剂量 |
A | 6 | 淋巴结匀浆 | ND |
B | 5 | Imp.1010(少数传代) | 102TCID50 |
C | 4 | Imp.1010(多次传代) | 102TCID50 |
D | 2 | 无PCV病毒的PK15细胞裂解物 | --- |
E | 3 | --- | --- |
试验攻击的结果:
在5周的观察期间,除了B组一只动物显示实质衰竭外,其它小猪均没有出现临床病症。在解剖中,A、B和C组的猪显示淋巴结增生(比D和E组动物大2到10倍),特别是下颚、支气管、肠系膜、回肠和股神经节的淋巴结。该增生通过单核细胞和巨噬细胞浸润与皮质区相当大的膨胀相连。A、B和C组中的猪还显示支气管淋巴样组织增生。
A、B和C组各有一头小猪患肺炎。显示实质衰竭的B组小猪和A组一头小猪有胃溃疡。
而且,A、B和C组所有动物的胃和肠的肌膜均患有肌炎。
A、B和C组动物大部分有心肌炎、伴有淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜曙红细胞浸润的多病灶肝炎、以及皮质和髓质间质性肾炎。
C组中一头小猪的肝大小比正常的大,其表面散布明显的病灶。
D和E组小猪没有观察到损伤。
从A、B和C组的猪器官分离了环状病毒。
实施例21:猪多系统萎缩综合症的试验重现—程序2和3
用II型PCV、猪细小病毒的病毒溶液或两种病毒混合物接种出生后与母猪分开的常规小猪。
所用的II型PCV病毒是Imp.1010和Imp.1011分离株(48121株)。
所用PPV病毒是加拿大来源的Imp.1005分离株。该病毒序列(所测序基因组的1/3)与其它已知细小病毒株(PPV株NADL-2和Kresse株)一致。
进行了两个实验程序。
程序2
将3天龄小猪分成三组。所有小猪均通过口鼻途径按照下列方案接种1ml病毒溶液:
组别 | 数量 | 病毒 | 剂量 |
A | 5 | Imp.1010 | 107TCID50 |
B | 5 | Imp.1010+Imp.1005 | 5×106TCID50 |
C(对照) | 2 | --- | --- |
实验攻击的结果:
A组:接种后21天两只小猪死亡,接种后24天人为杀死一只小猪。
B组:接种后23天一只小猪死亡,接种后24天人为杀死一只小猪。
对感染后死亡的小猪进行解剖,显示存在相当大肉眼可见的损伤:胸膜腔中液体的存在、肺水肿、肾出血、肾针头状的发白损伤、肝坏死。这些损伤与野外病例所观察到的相同。
对杀死的小猪进行解剖,未观察到肉眼可见的损伤。
对感染后死亡的A和B组小猪以及这两组中所杀死的小猪的器官进行组织学检查,显示野外动物观察到的猪多系统萎缩综合症损伤的典型和全部情况:肝坏死、淋巴结坏死、胰腺坏死、肾的灶性坏死和严重出血、肺中存在合胞体、肝细胞严重坏死并存在核包含体。
应当注意在所有这些损伤(死亡的或杀死的猪)中发现大量PCV抗原,但在这些相同损伤中检测不到PPV抗原的存在。
在C组对照小猪中,没有检测到损伤。
程序3
将4周龄小猪分成4组。所有小猪均通过口鼻途径按照下列方案接种1ml病毒溶液:
组别 | 数量 | 病毒 | 剂量 |
A(对照) | 2 | --- | --- |
B | 4 | Imp.1005(PPV) | 105.3TCID50 |
C | 4 | Imp.1011(PCV) | 105TCID50 |
D | 4 | Imp.1005+Imp.1011 | 105+5×104TCID50 |
试验攻击的结果:
接种后两周人为杀死1只对照小猪和实验组(B、C和D)每组2只小猪,并进行解剖。在D组(PCV+PPV共感染)中的两只小猪观察到显著免疫组织损伤。应当注意,尽管D组所有猪均观察到猪细小病毒有关的血清转化,但在这些损伤中未检测到猪细小病毒的存在。
在对照小猪和其它组小猪中未观察到肉眼可见的或组织学的损伤。
因此,似乎PCV+PPV组合可重现猪多系统萎缩综合症典型的组织学损伤。
这两个实验程序之后,可观察到单独接种PCV,和PCV+PPV混合物接种一样,导致猪多系统萎缩综合症或多或少的重现,但在损伤中仅可检查到猪环状病毒。相反,仅实验感染PPV(程序3的B组)不能诱导肉眼可见的或组织学的损伤;但是存在PCV时,在4周龄猪中(程序3的D组)观察到损伤的出现。
Claims (16)
1.诱发抵抗猪多系统萎缩综合症的免疫应答的抗原性组合物,包含(i)猪环状病毒抗原或含有并表达编码猪环状病毒抗原的核酸分子的重组载体,和
(ii)猪细小病毒抗原或含有并表达编码猪细小病毒抗原的核酸分子的重组载体。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中猪环状病毒抗原是II型猪环状病毒抗原。
3.根据权利要求2的组合物,其中II型猪环状病毒抗原是选自保藏于ECACC、具有如下保藏号的制备物的环状病毒抗原:
-保藏号V97100219
-保藏号V97100218
-保藏号V97100217
-保藏号V98011608
-保藏号V98011609。
4.根据权利要求1-3之任一项的组合物,其包含
(i)减毒猪细小病毒、灭活猪细小病毒、猪细小病毒的亚单位、或含有并在体表达编码猪细小病毒抗原的核酸分子的重组病毒载体或DNA载体;和
(ii)减毒猪环状病毒、灭活猪环状病毒、猪环状病毒的亚单位、或含有并在体表达编码猪环状病毒抗原的核酸分子的重组病毒载体或DNA载体。
5.根据权利要求1-3之任一项的组合物,其还包含另一种猪病原体的附加抗原。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中附加抗原选自:猪生殖和呼吸综合症病毒的抗原、猪肺炎枝原体的抗原、大叶性肺炎放线杆菌的抗原、大肠杆菌的抗原、萎缩性鼻炎的抗原、假狂犬病的抗原、猪霍乱的抗原、猪流感病毒的抗原和它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求5的组合物,其含有猪生殖和呼吸综合症病毒的抗原。
8.抵抗猪多系统萎缩综合症的疫苗,其包含处于兽医学上可接受的载体或赋形剂中的有效量的根据权利要求1-7任一项的抗原性组合物。
9.根据权利要求8的疫苗,其中它含有兽医学上可接受的佐剂。
10.根据权利要求8或9的疫苗,其中它含有若干种猪环状病毒的抗原或编码若干种猪环状病毒的抗原的核酸分子。
11.根据权利要求8的疫苗,其包含II型猪环状病毒抗原或含有并表达编码II型猪环状病毒抗原的核酸分子的重组载体,其中所述抗原由包含所述猪环状病毒开放阅读框1-13之一的核苷酸序列的核酸分子编码。
12.根据权利要求11的疫苗,其中所述抗原由选自开放阅读框4、7、10和13的猪环状病毒开放阅读框编码。
13.根据权利要求11或12的疫苗,其中它含有选自能在猪中扩增而又对猪无致病性的病毒载体和DNA载体的表达载体,该表达载体包含并表达所述开放阅读框。
14.根据权利要求13的疫苗,其中病毒载体是选自猪疱疹病毒、猪腺病毒和痘病毒的病毒。
15.根据权利要求14的疫苗,其中,病毒载体是选自Aujesky氏病病毒、痘苗病毒、禽痘病毒、金丝雀痘病毒和猪痘病毒的病毒。
16.疫苗接种试剂盒,其包含包装上分开的抵抗根据权利要求8-15之任一项的猪环状病毒的疫苗,和抗猪细小病毒的疫苗。
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FR9808777A FR2781159B1 (fr) | 1998-07-06 | 1998-07-06 | Vaccin circovirus et parvovirus porcin |
FR98/08777 | 1998-07-06 |
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