CN116354727A - 一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116354727A
CN116354727A CN202310276172.0A CN202310276172A CN116354727A CN 116354727 A CN116354727 A CN 116354727A CN 202310276172 A CN202310276172 A CN 202310276172A CN 116354727 A CN116354727 A CN 116354727A
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boron carbide
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carbide ceramic
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卢亚
谭划
张海波
张国军
成龙
郭新
肖建中
张顺平
张晓东
刘岚
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Guangdong Hust Industrial Technology Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法，其原料成分为B4C粉末和Si粉末，其中，B4C粉末的体积百分比含量为95～99.5％，Si粉末的体积百分比含量为0.5～5％。其制备方法包括以下步骤：A、粉末混合：将B4C粉末和Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，球磨介质为氧化锆球和无水乙醇；B、放电等离子烧结：将球磨后的混合粉体放入石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结即得到超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，待冷却后将超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料从石墨模具中取出。本发明克服了现有对于碳化硼陶瓷的致密化和韧性问题，成功制备出兼具超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料。

Description

一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防弹陶瓷材料，具体涉及一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硼(B4C)是自然界存在的最坚硬的物质之一，硬度高达29.1GPa，而且具有极低的密度2.52g/cm3，被广泛应用于装甲、切割工具、高温结构材料等。尤其是在防弹装甲中，其超高的硬度和极低的密度对于材料的防弹性能非常重要。目前，防弹装甲主要使用氧化铝陶瓷材料，而碳化硼陶瓷比氧化铝陶瓷更硬，密度更轻，更适合用于防弹装甲。
但是，碳化硼陶瓷的致密化是一直以来的难题。在无压力辅助烧结条件下，2300℃的高温也无法使其完全致密化。而且，碳化硼陶瓷韧性较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料及其制备方法，其克服了现有对于碳化硼陶瓷的致密化和韧性问题，成功制备出兼具超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，该超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的原料成分为B4C粉末和Si粉末，所述B4C粉末的体积百分比含量为95～99.5％，所述Si粉末的体积百分比含量为0.5～5％。
其中，所述B4C粉末的粒径为1μm，所述Si粉末的粒径为5μm。
一种制备超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
A、粉末混合：将B4C粉末和Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，球磨介质为氧化锆球和无水乙醇；
B、放电等离子烧结：将球磨后的混合粉体放入石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结即得到超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，待冷却后将超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料从石墨模具中取出。
步骤A中，行星球磨混合的球料比为2：1。
步骤A中，球磨速度为300转/分钟，球磨时间为24小时。
步骤A中，球磨后将混合粉体取出干燥24小时。
骤B中，烧结温度为1800℃，烧结压力为50MPa，烧结速度为100℃/min，保温时间为2分钟。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明通过在碳化硼基体中添加Si粉，并采用放电等离子烧结，成功制备出兼具超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，且其制备时间可由传统烧结的24小时降低到30分钟以内。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1～3以及纯B4C的密度测试图；
图2为本发明实施例1～3以及纯B4C的硬度测试图；
图3为纯B4C的的SEM显微组织图；
图4为本发明实施例1的SEM显微组织图；
图5为本发明实施例2的SEM显微组织图；
图6为本发明实施例3的SEM显微组织图；
图7为本发明实施例1～3的XRD图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，该超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料由B4C粉末和Si粉末混合烧结而成。其中，B4C粉末的体积百分比含量为95～99.5％，粒径为1μm；Si粉末的体积百分比含量为0.5～5％，粒径为5μm。
为了说明本发明所述的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来进行说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种制备超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
A、粉末混合：将29.8g B4C粉末和0.14g Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，加入60g氧化锆球和300ml无水乙醇，放入球磨罐，利用行星球磨机进行球磨混合，球料比为2：1，球磨速度为300转/分钟，球磨时间为24小时，球磨后将混合粉体取出干燥24小时；
B、放电等离子烧结：将1.5g球磨后的混合粉体放入直径为12mm的石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结，烧结温度为1800℃，烧结压力为50MPa，烧结速度为100℃/min，保温时间为2分钟，随炉冷却后从石墨模具中取出即为超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种制备超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
A、粉末混合：将29.7g B4C粉末和0.28g Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，加入60g氧化锆球和300ml无水乙醇，放入球磨罐，利用行星球磨机进行球磨混合，球料比为2：1，球磨速度为300转/分钟，球磨时间为24小时，球磨后将混合粉体取出干燥24小时；
B、放电等离子烧结：将1.5g球磨后的混合粉体放入直径为12mm的石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结，烧结温度为1800℃，烧结压力为50MPa，烧结速度为100℃/min，保温时间为2分钟，随炉冷却后从石墨模具中取出即为超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种制备超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
A、粉末混合：将28.6g B4C粉末和1.39g Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，加入40g氧化锆球和200ml无水乙醇，放入球磨罐，利用行星球磨机进行球磨混合，球料比为2：1，球磨速度为300转/分钟，球磨时间为24小时，球磨后将混合粉体取出干燥24小时；
B、放电等离子烧结：将1.5g球磨后的混合粉体放入直径为12mm的石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结，烧结温度为1800℃，烧结压力为50MPa，烧结速度为100℃/min，保温时间为2分钟，随炉冷却后从石墨模具中取出即为超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料。
采用阿基米德法对实施例1～3以及纯B4C进行密度测试和硬度测试，其测试结果如图1、图2所示。图3～6为纯B4C、实施例1～3的SEM显微组织图。图7为实施例1～3的XRD图。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，其特征在于：该超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的原料成分为B4C粉末和Si粉末，所述B4C粉末的体积百分比含量为95～99.5％，所述Si粉末的体积百分比含量为0.5～5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，其特征在于：所述B4C粉末的粒径为1μm，所述Si粉末的粒径为5μm。
3.一种制备如权利要求1或2所述的超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、粉末混合：将B4C粉末和Si粉末按比例进行行星球磨混合，球磨介质为氧化锆球和无水乙醇；
B、放电等离子烧结：将球磨后的混合粉体放入石墨模具中，再将石墨模具放入放电等离子烧结腔体中进行烧结即得到超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料，待冷却后将超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料从石墨模具中取出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤A中，行星球磨混合的球料比为2：1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤A中，球磨速度为300转/分钟，球磨时间为24小时。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤A中，球磨后将混合粉体取出干燥24小时。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种超高硬度和高韧性的碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤B中，烧结温度为1800℃，烧结压力为50MPa，烧结速度为100℃/min，保温时间为2分钟。
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