CN1163490C - 制备环状硫代酰胺化合物的方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1163490C CN1163490C CNB001048325A CN00104832A CN1163490C CN 1163490 C CN1163490 C CN 1163490C CN B001048325 A CNB001048325 A CN B001048325A CN 00104832 A CN00104832 A CN 00104832A CN 1163490 C CN1163490 C CN 1163490C
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备式I化合物的方法,其中b、Y和R3如上所定义,该化合物可用于制备新的芳烷基和芳基亚烷基杂环内酰胺化合物和酰亚胺化合物,后者是血清素1(5-HT1)受体的选择性激动剂和拮抗剂。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及制备环状硫代酰胺化合物的方法,该化合物可用于制备芳烷基和芳基亚烷基杂环内酰胺化合物和酰亚胺化合物,它们是血清素1(5-HT1)受体、特别是5-HT1A和5-HT1D受体中一种或两种的选择性激动剂和拮抗剂,可用于治疗或预防偏头痛、抑郁以及适于用5-HT1激动剂或拮抗剂进行治疗的其它疾病。
欧洲专利公开号434,561(1991年6月26日公开)提到了7-烷基、烷氧基和羟基取代的-1-(4-取代的-1-哌嗪基)-萘化合物。该化合物是5-HT1激动剂和拮抗剂,可用于治疗偏头痛、抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂症、紧张状态和疼痛。
欧洲专利公开号343,050(1989年11月23日公开)提到了用作5-HT1配体治疗剂的7-未取代、卤代和甲氧基取代的-1-(4-取代的-1-哌嗪基)-萘化合物。
PCT公开号WO 94/21619(1994年9月29日公开)提到了用作5-HT1激动剂和拮抗剂的萘衍生物。
PCT公开号WO 96/00720(1996年1月11日公开)提到了用作5-HT1激动剂和拮抗剂的萘基醚化合物。
欧洲专利公开号701,819(1996年3月20日公开)提到了5-HT1激动剂和拮抗剂与5-HT再摄取抑制剂的联合应用。
Glennon等在其文章“5-HT1D血清素受体”,临床药物研究进展(Clinical Drug Res.Dev.),22,25-36(1991)中提到了用作5-HT1配体的7-甲氧基-1-(1-哌嗪基)萘。
Glennon的文章“血清素受体:与临床的关系”,Neuroscienceand Behavioral Reviews,14,35-47(1990)中提到了与血清素受体有关的药理学作用,包括食欲抑制、温度调节、心血管/降血压作用、睡眠、精神病、焦虑、抑郁、恶心、呕吐、早老性痴呆、帕金森氏病和杭廷顿氏舞蹈病。
国际专利申请WO 95/31988(1995年11月30日公开)提到了将5-HT1D拮抗剂与5-HT1A拮抗剂联合应用来治疗CNS疾病如抑郁、广泛性焦虑、恐慌症、广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍、记忆力障碍、神经性厌食和神经性食欲过盛、帕金森氏病、迟发型运动障碍、内分泌障碍如血催乳素过多、血管痉挛(特别是脑血管)和高血压、涉及动力和分泌改变的胃肠道疾病、性功能障碍。
G.Maura等,神经化学杂志(J.Neurochem),66(1),203-209(1996)指出,5-HT1A受体或5-HT1A和5-HT1D受体的选择性激动剂可能会改善对人小脑性共济失调的治疗,该疾病是一种多面的综合征,目前还没有确定的疗法。
欧洲专利公开号666,261(1995年8月9日公开)提到了可用于治疗白内障的噻嗪和硫代吗啉衍生物。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I化合物的制备方法
其中,b是0、1、2或3;Y是氧、硫、NH或N-乙酰基;各个R3彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和三氟甲基;该方法包括,将式II的化合物
与脱水剂反应。
本发明还涉及制备式I化合物的更优选的方法,其中的脱水剂是乙酸酐。
本发明还涉及式II化合物的制备方法
该方法包括,将式III化合物
与卤代乙酸在碱的存在下反应。
本发明还涉及制备式II化合物的更优选的方法,其中的卤代乙酸是溴乙酸。
本发明还涉及制备式II化合物的更优选的方法,其中的碱是氢氧化钾。
本发明还涉及式III化合物的制备方法
该方法包括,将式IV化合物
与还原剂反应并将所形成的化合物与盐酸反应。
本发明还涉及制备式III化合物的更优选的方法,其中的还原剂是硼烷四氢呋喃配合物。
本发明还涉及式IV化合物的制备方法
该方法包括,将式V化合物
与羟基乙酸、巯基乙酸或2-氨基乙酸反应。
本发明还涉及制备式IV化合物的更优选的方法,其中将式V化合物与巯基乙酸反应。
本发明涉及式I化合物的制备方法
其中,b是0、1、2或3;Y是氧、硫、NH或N-乙酰基;各个R3彼此独立地选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和三氟甲基;该方法包括,(a)将式V化合物
与羟基乙酸、巯基乙酸或2-氨基乙酸反应;
(b)将所形成的式IV化合物
与还原剂反应并将所形成的中间体化合物与盐酸反应;
(c)将所形成的式III化合物
与卤代乙酸在碱的存在下反应;然后
(d)将所形成的式II化合物
与脱水剂反应。
本发明还涉及制备式I化合物的更优选的方法,其中,将式V化合物与巯基乙酸反应;还原剂是硼烷四氢呋喃配合物;碱是氢氧化钾;卤代乙酸是溴乙酸;脱水剂是乙酸酐。
本发明还涉及式X的化合物
本发明还涉及式XI的化合物。
本发明还涉及式XII的化合物。
发明详述
以下反应方案说明了本发明化合物的制备方法。若无另外说明,反应方案以及随后的讨论中出现的b、Y和R3均如上所定义。
反应方案1
反应方案1(续)
反应方案2
在反应方案
1的反应1中,通过将V与羟基乙酸、巯基乙酸或2-氨基乙酸在非质子溶剂如甲苯的存在下反应,将形成的反应混合物加热回流16小时至24小时,优选约20小时,从而将式V的苯胺化合物转变成相应的式IV化合物,其中Y是氧、硫、NH或N-乙酰基,。
在反应方案
1的反应2中,通过将VI用还原剂如硼烷四氢呋喃配合物还原,然后将形成的化合物用无水氯化氢在极性质子溶剂如乙醇的存在下处理,而式IV化合物转变成相应的式III化合物。反应在约10℃至约20℃的温度下进行,优选约15℃,反应时间约为2小时至4小时,优选约3小时。
在反应方案
1的反应3中,通过如下反应将式III化合物转变成相应的式II化合物:首先,将III用碱如氢氧化钾在惰性气氛下、在极性质子溶剂如乙醇的存在下、在约0℃至约20℃、优选约10℃的温度下处理约0.5-2小时、优选1小时。然后将所形成的中间体化合物通过加入溴乙酸进行烷基化。将反应混合物继续搅拌约2小时至约4小时,优选约3小时。
在反应方案
1的反应4中,通过将II与过量的乙酸酐反应将式II化合物转变成相应的式I化合物。将形成的反应混合物加热回流约0.5小时至约2小时,优选约1小时。
在反应方案
2的反应1中,通过将VIII与式R1H的化合物在碱的存在下反应将式VIII化合物转变成相应的式VII化合物;其中,在式VIII化合物中,Q是适宜的离去基,例如卤素,优选氟;X是氢、氯、氟、溴、碘、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、羟基、三氟甲基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、-SOt(C1-C6)烷基(其中t是0、1或2)、-CO2R8或-CONR9R10;其中R8、R9和R10彼此独立地选自氢、(C1-C4)烷基、苯基或萘基,其中所述苯基或萘基可以选择性地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基彼此独立地选自氯、氟、溴、碘、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基和-SOk(C1-C6)烷基(其中k是0、1或2);R2是氢、(C1-C4)烷基、苯基或萘基,其中所述苯基或萘基可以选择性地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基彼此独立地选自氯、氟、溴、碘、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基和-SOk(C1-C6)烷基(其中k是0、1或2);在式VII化合物中,R1是式下述式G1、G2、G3、G4、G5或G6的基团
a是0-4;p是1、2或3;R4选自氢、被(C1-C6)烷氧基或1-3个氟原子选择性取代的(C1-C6)烷基、[(C1-C4)烷基]芳基,其中的芳基部分是苯基、萘基或杂芳基-(CH2)q-,其中的杂芳基部分选自吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噁唑基和苯并异噻唑基,q是0、1、2、3或4,并且其中所述芳基和杂芳基部分可以选择性地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基彼此独立地选自氯、氟、溴、碘、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基和-SOg(C1-C6)烷基,其中g是0、1或2;R5选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基、[(C1-C4)烷基]芳基,其中的芳基部分是苯基、萘基或杂芳基-(CH2)r-,其中的杂芳基部分选自吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噁唑基和苯并异噻唑基,r是0、1、2、3或4,并且其中所述芳基和杂芳基部分可以选择性地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基彼此独立地选自氯、氟、溴、碘、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、三氟甲基、-C(=O)-(C1-C6)烷基、氰基和-SOj(C1-C6)烷基,其中j是0、1或2;或者R4和R5合在一起形成2-4个碳的链;R6是氢或(C1-C6)烷基;各R7彼此独立地是(C1-C4)烷基或从G1哌嗪环的一个环碳原子到G1哌嗪环上具有可结合位点的同一或另一个环碳原子或环氮原子或到具有可结合位点的R4碳原子的(C1-C4)亚烷基桥;式G3的E是氧、硫、SO或SO2;式R1H的化合物中,H是指G3中基团E上的氢原子或G1、G2、G4、G5或G6中的氮原子,R1如上所定义。该反应通常在约25℃至约140℃、优选回流的温度下,在极性非质子溶剂如二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、优选N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行。适宜的碱包括无水碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾,以及胺如吡咯烷、三乙胺和吡啶。
优选无水碳酸钠。
在反应方案
2的反应2中,通过将VII进行醇醛缩合-消除反应,将式VII化合物转变成相应的式VI化合物。在醇醛缩合中,将式VII化合物与式I的化合物
在碱的存在下反应,生成式IX的醇醛中间体
可将该中间体分离出来,但优选将其在同一反应步骤中通过失水直接转变成式VI化合物。式IX化合物向式VI的醇醛产物转变的完全程度可以用一种或多种分析方法进行检测,例如薄层色谱(TLC)或高压液相色谱(HPLC)。在某些情况下,可以或者需要分离中间体IX。在该情况下,可以用本领域技术人员熟知的方法通过消除水将式IX化合物转变成式VI化合物,例如,将式IX化合物在溶剂如苯、甲苯或二甲苯中的溶液在催化量的苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸的存在下加热至回流温度并同时除去所生成的水。所述除水的方法包括使用分子筛或用迪安-斯塔克阱分离与溶剂共沸产生的水。
醇醛缩合反应通常在醚溶剂如甲基叔丁基醚、异丙基醚或四氢呋喃中、在约-78℃至约25℃的温度下进行。优选该反应在四氢呋喃中于大约25℃下进行。用于醇醛形成步骤的适宜的碱包括氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、二异丙基氨基锂、二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钠和二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂。优选二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钠。醇醛缩合记载于“现代合成反应”,Herbert O,House,第2版,W.A.Benjamin,Menlo Park,California,629-682(1972)和四面体(Tetrahedron),38(20),3059(1982)。
碱性的式VI化合物可以与多种无机和有机酸形成各种不同的盐。虽然在对动物给药时这些盐必需是可药用的,但在实践中通常需要将式VI化合物首先以非药用盐的形式从反应混合物中分离出来,然后用碱性试剂处理将其转变成游离碱化合物,然后再将游离碱转变成可药用酸加成盐。碱性式VI化合物的酸加成盐可以通过将碱性化合物用基本等当量的选定无机酸或有机酸在水溶剂中或适宜的有机溶剂如甲醇或乙醇中处理方便地制得。小心地蒸除溶剂后,得到所需的固体状的盐。
式VI化合物及其可药用盐(以下也称为“活性化合物”)是有用的精神病治疗药物,并且是血清素1A(5-HT1A)和/或血清素1D(5-HT1D)受体的强效激动剂和/或拮抗剂。该活性化合物可用于治疗高血压、抑郁、广泛性焦虑症、恐怖症(广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症)、创伤后应激障碍、回避型人格障碍、性功能障碍(例如早泄)、饮食障碍(神经性厌食和神经性食欲过盛)、肥胖、化学物质依赖(例如酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、尼古丁和安定药物成瘾)、簇发性头痛、偏头痛、早老性痴呆、强迫症、恐慌、记忆力障碍(例如痴呆、健忘症、与衰老有关的认知能力下降(ARCD))、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病中的痴呆、精神安定药物引起的帕金森氏病和迟发型运动障碍)、内分泌障碍(例如血催乳素过多)、血管痉挛(特别是脑血管痉挛)、小脑共济失调、胃肠道疾病(涉及动力和分泌的改变)、精神分裂症的阴性症状、经前综合征、Fbromyalgia综合征、应激性失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛癖、盗窃癖、阳萎、癌症(例如小细胞肺癌)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关)。
可以按照文献中描述的常规放射配体结合试验来测定式VI化合物对各种血清素-1受体的亲和性。5-HT1A亲和性可以用Hoyer等的方法测定(大脑研究(Brain Res.),376,85(1986))。5-HT1D亲和性可以用Heuring和Peroutka的方法测定(神经学杂志(J.Neurosci.),7,894(1987))。
可以按照如下方法测定式VI化合物在5-HT1D结合位点的体外活性。将牛尾状组织匀浆化并悬浮在20体积pH7.7、含有50mMTRIS·HCl(三[羟甲基]氨基甲烷盐酸盐)的缓冲液中。然后将匀浆物以45000G离心10分钟。弃除上清液并将得到的沉积物重新悬浮在约20体积pH7.7的50mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液中。然后,将该悬浮液于37℃预保温15分钟,然后将悬浮液以45000G离心10分钟并弃除上清液。将得到的沉积物(约1g)重新悬浮在150ml含有0.01%抗坏血酸(最终pH为7.7)和10μM优降宁及4mM氯化钙(CaCl2)的15mMTRIS·HCl缓冲液中。在使用前,将该悬浮液在冰上放置至少30分钟。
然后按照如下方法用抑制剂、对照或载体进行保温。向50μl 20%二甲亚砜(DMSO)/80%蒸馏水溶液中加入200μl氚代5-羟色胺(2nM)在50mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液中的溶液,所述缓冲液含有0.01%抗坏血酸(pH7.7)、10μM优降宁、4μM氯化钙、100nM 8-羟基DPAT(二丙基氨基tetraline)和100nM mesulergine。向该混合物中加入750μl牛尾状组织,然后将形成的悬浮液旋涡振荡以确保形成均匀的悬浮液。然后将悬浮液在振动水浴中于25℃保温30分钟。保温结束后,将悬浮液用玻璃纤维滤纸(例如Whatman GF/B-filtersTM)过滤。然后将沉积物用4ml 50mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液(pH7.7)洗涤3次。然后将沉积物和5ml闪烁液(aquasol 2TM)一起加入闪烁瓶中并放置过夜。可以计算化合物在各剂量下的抑制百分数。然后可以从抑制百分数值中计算出IC50。
式VI化合物对5-HT1A的结合能力可以按照如下方法测定。将大鼠脑皮质组织匀浆化并分成每份1g的样品,然后用10体积0.32M蔗糖溶液稀释。然后将悬浮液以900G离心10分钟,分出上清液并以70000G再次离心15分钟。弃除上清液,将沉积物重新悬浮在10体积15mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液(pH7.5)中。将悬浮液于37℃保温15分钟。预保温结束后,将悬浮液以70000G离心15分钟并弃除上清液。将得到的组织沉积物重新悬浮在含有4mM氯化钙和0.01%抗坏血酸的50mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液(pH7.7)中。将组织于-70℃下存放直至准备实验。可以在临用前将组织解冻,用10μM优降宁稀释并保存在冰上。
然后将组织按照如下方法保温。制备各种剂量的50μl对照、抑制剂或载体(1%DMSO终浓度)。向该溶液中加入200μl 1.5nM的氚代DPAT在50mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液(pH7.7)中的溶液,所述缓冲液含有4mM氯化钙、0.01%抗坏血酸和优降宁。然后向该混合物中加入750μl组织并将形成的悬浮液旋涡振荡以确保均匀。然后将悬浮液在振动水浴中于37℃保温30分钟。然后,将溶液过滤,用4ml含154mM氯化钠的10mM TRIS·HCl缓冲液(pH7.5)洗涤2次。计算化合物、对照或载体在各剂量下的抑制百分数。从抑制百分数值中计算出IC50。
式VI化合物对5-HT1A和5-HT1D受体的激动剂和拮抗剂活性可以按照如下方法用单饱和浓度进行测定。将雄性Hartley豚鼠断头并从海马中分离出5-HT1A受体,而5-HT1D受体通过在Mcllwain组织切碎机上以350mM切片并从适宜的切片中分离出黑质得到。将组织用手持玻璃-Teflon匀浆机在含有1mM EGTA(pH7.5)的5mM HEPES缓冲液中匀化,然后以35000xg于4℃下离心10分钟。将沉积物重新悬浮在含有1mM EGTA(pH7.5)的100mM HEPES缓冲液中,最终浓度为每管20mg(海马)或5mg(黑质)蛋白质。加入下列试剂,从而使每管中的反应混合物含有2.0mM MgCl2,0.5mM ATP,1.0mM cAMP,0.5mM IBMX,10mM磷酸肌酸,0.31mg/ml肌酸磷酸激酶,100μM GTP和0.5-1微居[32P]-ATP(30Ci/mmol:NEG-003-New EnglandNuclear)。将组织加入到硅化处理的微量离心管(一式三份)中开始保温,于30℃下保温15分钟。向各管中加入20μl组织,10μl药物或缓冲液(终浓度的10X),10μl 32nM激动剂或缓冲液(终浓度的10X),20μl毛喉素(终浓度为3μM)和40μl前述反应混合物。加入100μl 2%SDS,1.3mM cAMP,45mM ATP溶液终止保温,所述溶液中含有40000dpm[3H]-cAMP(30Ci/mmol:NET-275-New EnglandNuclear)以监测从柱中回收的cAMP。采用Salomon等的方法(分析生物化学(Analytical Biochemistry),1974,58,541-548)分离[32P]-ATP和[32P]-cAMP。通过液体闪烁计数对放射性进行定量。用10μM(R)-8-OH-DPAT确定5-HT1A受体的最大抑制,用320nM 5-HT确定5-HT1D受体的最大抑制。然后根据(R)-8-OH-DPAT对5-HT1A受体的抑制作用或5-HT对5-HT1D受体的抑制作用计算试验化合物的抑制百分比。根据32nM激动剂的作用计算激动剂所引起的对毛喉素刺激的腺苷酸环化酶活性抑制作用的逆转。
可以按照如下方法在豚鼠中测试式VI化合物对5-HT1D激动剂引起的体温降低的拮抗作用的体内活性。
使用来自Charles River的雄性Hartley豚鼠作为实验对象,豚鼠在购得时体重为250-275g,实验时为300-600g。实验前,将豚鼠在常规实验室条件下(照明时间7a.m.-7p.m.)喂养至少7天。实验前,动物可以随意获得食物和水。
可以将式VI化合物以溶液的形式以1ml/kg的体积给药。所用载体根据化合物的溶解度而改变。试验化合物通常在给药5-HT1D激动剂的60分钟前口服给药(p.o.)或0分钟前皮下给药(s.c),所述5-HT1D激动剂可以是,例如[3-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-5-基]-(3-硝基吡啶-3-基)-胺,该化合物可以按照PCT公开WO93/11106(1993年6月10日公开)中的描述制备,给药量为5.6mg/kg,皮下给药。在第一次测量体温前,将豚鼠置于透明的塑料鞋盒内并使其适应环境30分钟,所述鞋盒含有木屑和金属网格的底部。每次测量体温后,将动物放回同一鞋盒内。在每次测量体温前,用一只手将动物牢固固定30秒。使用带有小动物探头的数字温度计测量体温。所述探头由带有环氧树脂尖端的半柔顺尼龙制成。将温度探头插入到直肠内6cm深处并保持30秒或直至读数稳定。然后记录下温度。
在口服筛选实验中,在-90分钟时测量“给药前”的体温基线,在-60分钟时给予试验化合物并在-30分钟时再次测量。在0分钟时给药5-HT1D激动剂,在30、60、120和240分钟后测量体温。
在皮下筛选实验中,在-30分钟测量给药前的体温基线。将试验化合物和5-HT1D激动剂同时给药,在30、60、120和240分钟后测量体温。
用双侧方差分析法分析数据,同时用Newman-Keuls post hoc分析方法重复测量。
可以通过检测式VI化合物模拟舒马曲坦收缩狗分离隐静脉环的程度来评估式VI化合物作为抗偏头痛药物的活性[P.P.A.Humphrey等.,Br.J.Pharmacol.,94,1128(1988)]。该作用可被美赛西平(一种已知的血清素拮抗剂)阻断。已知舒马曲坦可用于治疗偏头痛并可以在麻醉的狗中引起颈动脉血管阻力的选择性增加。在W.Fenwick等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,96,83(1989)中讨论了舒马曲坦效力的药理学基础。
血清素5-HT1激动剂活性可以通过体外受体结合试验来测定,对5-HT1A受体,使用大鼠皮质作为受体源,[3H]-8-OH-DPAT作为放射性配体[D.Hoyer等,欧洲药学杂志(Eur.J.Pharm.),118,13(1985)],对于5-HT1D受体,使用牛尾状组织作为受体源,[3H]血清素作为放射性配体[R.E.Heuring和S.J.Peroutka,神经科学杂志(J.Neuroscience),7,894(1987)]。
优选将式VI化合物与一种或多种其它治疗剂联合使用,例如不同的抗抑郁剂如三环类抗抑郁药(例如阿米替林、度硫平、多塞平、曲米帕明、丁替林、氯米帕明、地昔帕明、丙咪嗪、伊普吲哚、洛非帕明、去甲替林或普罗替林)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(例如异卡波肼、苯乙肼或反苯环丙胺)或5-HT再摄取抑制剂(例如氟伏沙明、舍曲林、氟西汀或帕罗西丁)和/或抗帕金森氏病的药物如多巴胺能抗帕金森氏病的药物(例如左旋多巴,优选与外周脱羧酶抑制剂如苄丝肼或卡比多巴联用或与多巴胺激动剂如溴隐亭、麦角乙脲或培高利特联用)。
式VI化合物及其可药用盐与5-HT再摄取抑制剂(例如例如氟伏沙明、舍曲林、氟西汀或帕罗西丁,优选舍曲林)或其可药用盐或多晶型的联合形式(以下将式VI化合物与5-HT再摄取抑制剂的复方称为“活性复方”)是有用的精神病治疗药物,可用于治疗或预防可以通过增强5-羟色胺能神经传递来促进其治疗或预防的疾病(例如高血压、抑郁、广泛性焦虑症、恐怖症、创伤后应激障碍、回避型人格障碍、性功能障碍、饮食障碍、肥胖、化学物质依赖、簇发性头痛、偏头痛、早老性痴呆、强迫症、恐慌、记忆力障碍(例如痴呆、健忘症、与衰老有关的记忆力损伤)、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病中的痴呆、精神安定药物引起的帕金森氏病和迟发型运动障碍)、内分泌障碍(例如血催乳素过多)、血管痉挛(特别是脑血管痉挛)、小脑共济失调、胃肠道疾病(涉及动力和分泌的改变)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关)。
血清素(5-HT)再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林)对抑郁;化学物质依赖;焦虑症,包括恐慌、广泛性焦虑症、广场恐怖症、单纯恐怖症、社交恐怖症和创伤后应激障碍;强迫症;回避型人格障碍和哺乳动物、包括人的早泄具有积极的活性,这部分是由于它们可以阻断突触体对血清素的再摄取。
美国专利4536518描述了舍曲林的合成、药物组合物以及用于治疗抑郁症的用途,该文献全文引入本文作为参考。PCT公开WO98/14433涉及新的芳烷基和芳基亚烷基杂环内酰胺化合物和酰亚胺化合物、制备这些化合物的中间体、含有这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物的药物应用,该文献全文引入本文作为参考。
可以通过以下方法(1)-(4)测定活性复方作为抗抑郁药的活性以及相关的药理学特性,所述方法记载于Koe,B.等,药理学和实验治疗杂志(Journal of Pharmacology and ExperimentalTheraputics),226(3),686-700(1983)。具体地讲,可以进行如下研究测定活性:(1)其影响小鼠尝试从游泳池中逃走的能力(Porsolt小鼠“行为绝望”试验),(2)其在体内增强5-羟色胺诱导的小鼠行为症状的能力;(3)其在体内拮抗对氯苯丙胺盐酸盐使大鼠脑内血清素耗尽之活性的能力;和(4)其在体外阻断大鼠脑细胞通过突触体摄取血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的能力。可以按照美国专利4,029,731中描述的方法在小鼠中体内测定活性复方抵抗利血平所引起的体温降低的能力。
式VI化合物的组合物可以通过常规方法用一种或多种可药用载体配制。因此,可将式VI的活性化合物配制成用于口服、颊部、鼻内、胃肠外(例如静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)或直肠给药的形式或适于通过吸入或吹入给药的形式。
对于口服给药,药物组合物可以是通过常规方法用可药用赋形剂制备的片剂或胶囊等形式,所述赋形剂是,例如,粘合剂(例如预胶化玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羟丙基甲基纤维素);填充剂(例如乳糖、微晶纤维素或磷酸钙);润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、滑石或二氧化硅);崩解剂(例如马铃薯淀粉或淀粉乙醇酸钠)或湿润剂(例如十二烷基硫酸钠)。可以通过本领域熟知的方法对片剂进行包衣。用于口服给药的液体制剂可以是溶液剂、糖浆或混悬液等形式,或者是用于在临用前用水或其它适宜载体构建的干燥产品的形式。所述液体制剂可以通过常规方法用可药用添加剂如助悬剂(例如山梨醇糖浆、甲基纤维素或氢化食用油);乳化剂(例如卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶);非水载体(例如杏仁油、油性酯或乙醇)和防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯或山梨酸)配制。
用于颊部给药的组合物可以是以常规方式配制的片剂或锭剂的形式。
可将式VI的活性化合物配制成用于通过注射进行胃肠外给药的形式,包括使用常规的插管技术或输液。注射用的制剂可以是含有保存剂的单位剂量形式(例如安瓿)或多剂量容器的形式。组合物可以是在油性或含水载体中的混悬液、溶液或乳液的形式,并且可以含有辅剂如助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。或者,活性成分可以是用于在临用前用适宜载体如无菌、无热源的水重新构建的粉末形式。
还可将式VI的活性化合物配制成直肠组合物的形式,例如含有常规栓剂基质如可可脂或其它甘油酯的栓剂或保留灌肠剂。
对于鼻内给药或吸入给药,可以通过患者挤压泵喷雾容器将式VI的活性化合物以溶液或混悬液的形式释放,或者以气雾剂喷雾制剂的形式从加压的容器或喷雾器中释放,所述加压容器或喷雾器使用适宜的抛射剂,例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它适宜的气体。在加压气雾剂的情况下,可以通过阀门确定剂量单位以释放计量的剂量。加压容器或喷雾器可以含有活性化合物的溶液或混悬液。用于吸入器或吹入器的胶囊或药筒(由例如明胶制成)含有式VI化合物和适宜的粉末基质如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。
用于向一般成人进行口服、胃肠外或颊部给药以治疗上述病症(例如抑郁)的式VI活性化合物的推荐剂量为0.1-200mg活性成分/单位剂量,可以每天分1-4次给药。
优选对用于在一般成人中治疗上述病症(例如偏头痛)的气雾剂制剂进行设置,从而每一计量剂量或一“喷”气雾剂含有20μg-1000μg式VI化合物。气雾剂的总的每日剂量在100μg-10mg的范围内。每日可给药数次,例如2、3、4或8次,每次1、2或3个剂量。
当将式VI的活性化合物与5-HT再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林)一起用于治疗患有上述病症的患者时,应当注意,可将这些化合物单独给药或与可药用载体一起给药,给药途径可以是上述途径中的任何一种,并且所述给药可以以单剂量或多剂量进行。更具体地讲,可将活性复方以多种不同的剂量形式给药,即,可以将其与多种可药用惰性载体以片剂、胶囊、糖锭、锭剂、硬糖、散剂、喷雾剂、水性混悬液、可注射溶液、酏剂、糖浆等形式混合。所述载体包括固体稀释剂或填充剂,无菌含水溶媒和各种无毒的有机溶剂等。此外,还可以向所述口服药物制剂加入各种常用的甜味剂和/或矫味剂。通常,式I化合物在所述剂型中的浓度为组合物总重量的约0.5%-约90%,即足以提供所需的单位剂量的量,5-HT再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林)在所述剂型中的浓度为组合物总重量的约0.5%-约90%,即足以提供所需的单位剂量的量。
用于向一般成人进行口服、胃肠外、直肠或颊部给药以治疗上述病症的复方制剂(含有式VI活性化合物和5-HT再摄取抑制剂的制剂)中的式VI活性化合物的推荐每日剂量为约0.01mg-约2000mg,优选约0.1mg-约200mg式I的活性成分/单位剂量,可以每天分1-4次给药。
用于向一般成人进行口服、胃肠外或颊部给药以治疗上述病症的复方制剂中5-HT再摄取抑制剂的推荐每日剂量为约0.1mg-约2000mg,优选约1mg-约200mg 5-HT再摄取抑制剂/单位剂量,可以每天分1-4次给药。
用于向一般成人进行口服、胃肠外或颊部给药以治疗上述病症的复方制剂中,舍曲林与式VI活性化合物的优选的剂量比为约0.00005-约20000,优选约0.25-约2000。
优选对用于在一般成人中治疗上述病症的气雾剂复方制剂进行设置,从而使每一计量剂量或一“喷”气雾剂含有约0.01μg-约100mg式VI的活性化合物,优选约1μg-约10mg所述化合物。每日可给药数次,例如2、3、4或8次,每次1、2或3个剂量。
优选对用于在一般成人中治疗上述病症的气雾剂制剂进行设置,从而使每一计量剂量或一“喷”气雾剂含有约0.01mg-约2000mg5-HT再摄取抑制剂,优选舍曲林,优选约1mg-约200m舍曲林。每日可给药数次,例如2、3、4或8次,每次1、2或3个剂量。
如上所述,当将5-HT再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林)与式VI化合物联用时,可以作为抗抑郁药用于治疗。这些含有5-HT再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林)和式VI化合物的抗抑郁组合物通常以如下剂量范围给药:约0.01mg-约100mg/kg体重/天5-HT再摄取抑制剂(优选舍曲林),优选约0.1mg-约10mg舍曲林/kg体重/天;和约0.001mg-约100mg/kg体重/天式VI化合物,优选约0.01mg-约10mg/kg体重/天式VI化合物,但也需要根据所治疗患者的病情以及所选择的具体给药途径而改变。
以下实施例说明了本发明化合物的制备。熔点未校正。NMR以ppm(δ)表示并参照样品溶剂(氘代氯仿,除非另有说明)的氘锁峰信号。购买的试剂均不经纯化直接使用。
制备例A
2-(3,4-二氯-苯基氨基)-乙硫醇盐酸盐
向装有架空搅拌器、温度计和带有Dean-Stark分水器的回流冷凝器的2L三颈圆底烧瓶中加入100.0g(0.617mol)3,4-二氯苯胺和500ml甲苯。将形成的溶液用64.4ml(0.927mol,1.5当量)巯基乙酸处理。将溶液加热至回流(130℃)并同时收集Dean-Stark分水器中的水20小时,然后冷却至室温。加入乙酸乙酯(250ml),然后加入123ml 1N盐酸。分液并将有机层用250ml水洗涤,然后用500ml饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,然后真空浓缩至体积约为200ml。加入200ml甲苯后,将溶液再次浓缩至约200ml,用1L四氢呋喃稀释并过滤。将滤液滴加至通氮气的5L三颈圆底烧瓶中,烧瓶中含有1.73L(1.73mol,2.80当量)1N硼烷-四氢呋喃配合物,将温度保持在10-15℃。观察到有气体放出。将反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌过夜,然后冷却至10℃。于10-15℃下加入252g(6.91mol,11.2当量)无水氯化氢的840ml乙醇溶液,在此过程中观察到了明显的气体溢出并有固体沉淀生成。于5-10℃搅拌1小时后,过滤收集固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤,真空干燥得到100.0g(62.6%收率)白色固体状标题化合物,mp 185-188℃。1H NMR(DMF-d7)δ7.20(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),6.78(dd,J=2.7,8.7Hz,1H),3.18(dd,J=6.4,7.7Hz,2H),2.61(宽s,2H),2.37(宽s,1H).13C NMR(DMF-d7)δ146.02,132.94,134.90,122.70,118.09,117.19,50.05,23.07.HRMS(FAB)计算值(C8H9Cl2NS):221.9911;实测值:221.9893。
实施例1
4-(3,4-二氯-苯基)-硫代吗啉-3-酮
向装有架空搅拌器、温度计和氮气入口的3L三颈圆底烧瓶中加入100g(0.387mol)2-(3,4-二氯-苯基氨基)-乙硫醇盐酸盐和1L2B-乙醇。向形成的悬浮液中加入76g(1.35mol,3.5当量)氢氧化钾。加料过程导致温度升高至约35℃。将该悬浮液室温搅拌15-20分钟,然后冷却至5-10℃并用59.1g(0.425mol,1.1当量)溴乙酸的152ml 2B-乙醇溶液处理。室温搅拌约3小时后,将反应混合物真空浓缩至体积约为225ml。在没有外部冷却的条件下,向该悬浮液中加入864ml(9.15mol,23.6当量)乙酸酐,导致温度升高至约100℃。在烧瓶上装上冷凝器和接收瓶,然后加热至105-110℃并在该温度下开始收集馏出物。持续加热下,内温升至115℃,在反应烧瓶上再次装上回流冷凝器并将反应混合物回流1小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物倒入含有1700ml水和864ml二氯甲烷的5L三颈圆底烧瓶中并于20-25℃搅拌10-20分钟。分液,将有机层用1L水洗涤,然后用2L 10%氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤使pH值达到9-10。分液,将有机层用硫酸镁干燥,常压浓缩至体积约为200ml。连续加入异丙基醚并浓缩直至内温达到68℃,由此完成用异丙基醚代替二氯甲烷。然后将溶液冷却至室温。在45℃时开始析出固体沉淀。将形成的浆液室温搅拌2小时。过滤收集固体,用异丙基醚洗涤并于45-50℃下真空干燥得到57.5g(收率56.7%)白色固体状标题化合物,mp81-83℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.93(t,J=11.5Hz,2H),3.43(s,2H),3.01(t,J=11.5,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ168.10,143.04,134.201,132.25,132.09,129.42,126.83,53.32,31.81,27.86.HRMS(FAB)计算值(C10H9Cl2NOS):261.9860;实测值:261.9839。
Claims (12)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中的脱水剂是乙酸酐。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中的卤代乙酸是溴乙酸。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中的碱是氢氧化钾。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中的还原剂是硼烷四氢呋喃配合物。
9.权利要求6的方法,其中,将式V化合物与巯基乙酸反应。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中,将式V化合物与巯基乙酸反应;还原剂是硼烷四氢呋喃配合物;碱是氢氧化钾;卤代乙酸是溴乙酸;脱水剂是乙酸酐。
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