CN116138097A - Technology and method for improving yield value of honey plums - Google Patents
Technology and method for improving yield value of honey plums Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology and a method for improving the yield value of honey plums, which comprises the following steps: adopting Y shape or four straight tree shape, wherein each variety occupies about 50% of the space; selecting a stock with the thickness of 0.8-1.5 cm for field planting, culturing 2-4 main branches in the same year, wherein 1 branch or 2 branches are grafted with a preferred combined variety in 9 months in the same year, and culturing the main branches in the next year; improvement of big trees in adult orchards: in the season suitable for grafting, selecting proper positions on the main branches, grafting 1-2 new branches, keeping the result of the big tree, gradually cultivating the new main branches, sawing off the main branches in the same direction in the next year, replacing the main branches with new grafting varieties, and completing replacement in 2-3 years generally; the invention has the main functions that: because the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is low, the honey plums often cause great yield reduction in the abnormal weather years, and the disaster resistance of the abnormal weather years can be improved by adopting the technology; the technology and the method are suitable for being applied to newly built orchards and applied to orchards with the age of 7 years or less, and can greatly improve the economic benefit of the orchards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of improving the yield of honey plums, in particular to a technology and a method for improving the yield of honey plums.
Background
1. The bee-sugar plums belong to China Li Leixing, are local special high-quality plums in Guizhou, have American names of 'first plums in China', and are found as a high-quality plum resource by scientific and technological personnel in the beginning of the century in the Shang-Cuo Mikangning county of Anshun in Guizhou. The "Zhenning honey plum" is examined and approved by the crop variety approval committee in Guizhou province and named as "honey plum" in 2016, 9 th 2017 and 1 st year, and is obtained as a geographical sign of agricultural products in China, and is popular with consumers due to the big and crisp and sweet fruits, excellent taste, excellent flavor and sweet taste like honey, and in recent years, the market supply and the demand are low, and the price is always high, so that the investment heat of the honey plum is caused.
2. According to incomplete statistics, honeycombed plums are basically planted in areas which can be planted with plums in China, the planting area of the honeycombed plums is over 200 ten thousand acres nationally, the area of the honeycombed plums which enter the fruit picking period accounts for about 1/3, and about 2/3 is a newly built orchard in recent years and is not put into production yet;
3. because of low fruit setting rate of the honey plums, in areas which are easy to suffer adverse climate influence such as cold in the late spring of the flowering phase, high temperature exceeding 25 ℃, strong wind and the like, pollination and fertilization are not facilitated, and the honey plums can be in short harvest or absolute production.
4. A technology and a method for improving the yield value of the honey plums are characterized in that a technician of the company grafts a plurality of varieties serving as pollinators on honey plums of three ages in a company base orchard in 2019, the tree forms have Y shapes and four straight shapes, the grafted varieties are originally planned to be used as pollinators, good results can be achieved in three consecutive years without thinking about pollinators, and good economic benefits are brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low fruit setting rate and low yield of the existing honey plums, and provides a technology and a method for improving the yield of the honey plums, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a technology and a method for improving the yield value of honey plums comprise the following steps:
s1: selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick and fine variety stock seedlings for field planting, such as middle peach anti-stock No. 1, middle peach stocks No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, wild peach stocks, apricot stocks and the like; the planting time is 11-3 months, the autumn planting is suitable for the south and the spring planting is suitable for the north;
s2, selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey Li Miao for field planting, selecting 2-4 new branches after new branches are sent out, grafting in the current year for 5 months, and culturing the new branches into main branches in the current year; selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey plum grafted seedlings for field planting, wherein the time is 11-3 months, and the cultivation is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north;
s3: before planting, soaking seedling roots in microbial agent slurry prepared by using a microbial agent K84, and then planting in a fixed mode, wherein the plant row spacing is 2.5-3×5-6 meters (Y shape) or 4-5×5-6 meters (four-stile shape);
s4: after field planting, the height of the fixed trunk is 30-45 cm, a main branch is selected and reserved, new branches with thicker branches of 2 (Y shape) to 4 (four straight shapes) are selected as main branches for cultivation, wherein 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are used as fixed branches for cultivation of main cultivated varieties, and the other 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are grafted and preferably combined varieties in 5 months of the current year or 9-2 months of the next year, and the main branches are cultivated in the next year; if the stock seedlings are planted, all the seedlings are grafted into a preferable combination.
S5, when the germination is more than 10cm, applying fertilizer and spraying medicine once every 10-15 days to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, keeping the top dominance to grow vigorously, and promoting to the bottom; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; the height of the core pin is controlled by pinching when the height of the core pin exceeds 3.0 meters;
s6: improvement of big trees in adult orchards: in the season suitable for grafting, selecting proper positions on main branches, grafting 1-2 new branches, keeping the result of the big tree, gradually culturing the new branches under the premise of not greatly influencing the yield of the big tree, sawing off main branches in the same direction in the next year, replacing the main branches with the preferred varieties, and completing the replacement in general 2-3 years;
s7: the pruning method and the pest control are the same as the conventional method.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, when selecting combined varieties, selecting the varieties with good quality, and selecting the varieties with similar flowering phase, large pollen quantity, stable fruit setting, good yield, large fruits, good quality, large market potential and high selling price; the best variety combination of the plums, the powder-natural crispy plums, the wushan crispy plums, the wuyue crispy plums (phoenix plums), the plums, the green crispy plums and the Li Youji is; the planting method is the same as the conventional method, but shallow planting is needed, deep planting cannot be performed, and gummosis or poor growth is easily caused. The time is 11-3 months, and is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, rotten roots and residual roots on seedlings are reduced before planting, and a small part of main roots are cut off, so that the main effect of root pruning is to stimulate germination of new roots, the root of the seedlings is immersed in microbial inoculum slurry prepared by a microbial inoculum K84 after root pruning, and then fixed planting is carried out, grafting openings uniformly face one direction during fixed planting of grafted seedlings, then fixed drying is carried out, and the fixed drying height is 30-50 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, when planting seedlings, firstly planning an orchard, then determining the row spacing of the plants by using a ruler and marking, wherein the direction of the tree after the tree is cultivated and formed is the best in east-west direction (Y shape), and the direction of the tree is the north-south direction, so that the illumination is uniform; the four stiles and hillsides do not need to be cultivated in the direction of the slope according to local conditions, and the principle of convenient daily operation at ordinary times is adopted. The plant row spacing is 2.5-3*5-6 meters or 4-5*5-6 meters, and 44-53 plants or 22-33 plants are planted in each mu of land.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, after field planting, pruning new branches sent out, selecting 2-4 thick new branches as main branches, and taking off the cores or pruning the rest branches, wherein the selected main branches are suitable for culturing into Y-shaped or four-stile-shaped trunks; topdressing is started when new branches grow to about 10cm, fertilizer is topdressed once every 10-15 days, and pesticide is sprayed to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, wherein each tree topdressing is carried out for 50 g/time by adopting a compound fertilizer with the content of P and K of 18-8-18, the top dominance is kept to grow vigorously, and the fertilizer is stopped after 7 months; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; 7. and in the middle ten days of month, the plant growth regulator is sprayed for 1-2 times and 200-300 times to control vigorous growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the preferable combined varieties are grafted in the current year of 5 months or 9-2 months of the next year, and the main technique is cultivated in the next year; checking the main branches regularly to ensure that the included angle between the main branches and the ground is 60-70 degrees, and pruning lateral branches which are more than 2/3 of the main branches in winter in the same year to ensure the growth of the main branches and culture a fruiting branch group on the main branches; and when the height of the new core tip exceeds 3.0 meters, performing core picking and height control.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, prune the plum tree according to Y shape or four straight body shapes, let the trunk and included angle of the ground be 60-70 degrees, because the grafting opening faces a direction uniformly during field planting, more than 80% basically accords with the standard, tie up or draw the branch with the bamboo pole to the main branch which does not accord with the standard, keep the main branch and included angle of the ground be 60-70 degrees.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, side branches on a Y-shaped or four-straight tree main branch are trimmed and cultivated to form a resultant branch group, and the back lower branches on the inner hall branch and the trunk are trimmed, so that the density between the branch groups is not shading mutually.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, because the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is low, the honey plums can be underharvested or produced in the abnormal weather, and the preferable varieties with basically the same flowering phase are adopted for combination, so that the honey plums can pollinate each other, the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is improved, and the disaster resistance of the abnormal weather is improved; after the method and the technology are adopted, as the fruit setting rate of the varieties is high, the annual high yield can be ensured, and the income is not reduced due to the yield reduction of the honey plums; the varieties with similar or same maturity are selected as the combination, so that the production management and harvesting are convenient, and the production cost is reduced;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the low-yield orchard can be quickly improved, the economic income of fruit growers is improved, the fruit growers can understand the orchard at first, the method is learned at first and is easy to popularize; and other technical benefits are poor, and the popularization is difficult.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is low, the honey plums can be underharvested or produced in the abnormal weather year, and the honey plums can pollinate each other by adopting the combination of the preferable varieties with basically the same flowering phase, so that the fruit setting rate of each other is improved, and the disaster resistance of the abnormal weather year is improved;
2. after the method and the technology are adopted, the high yield of the preferred varieties is good, so that the annual high yield can be ensured almost, and the income of fruit farmers is not reduced due to the yield reduction of the honey plums;
3. preferably, the varieties with similar or same maturity are combined, so that the production management and harvesting are convenient, and the production cost is reduced; when the variety with staggered mature period is selected for combination, the effect of peak shifting and marketing can be achieved, and the economic benefit is improved.
4. The technology and the method are suitable for being applied to new orchards and large tree improvement in orchards with the ages of trees within 7 years, can be used for quickly improving low-yield orchards, can greatly improve the economic benefits of fruit farmers, is easy to understand by the fruit farmers, is easy to popularize; and other technical benefits are poor, and the popularization is difficult.
The row spacing of the plants with the optimal density is 2.5-3*5-6 meters or 4-5*5-6 meters, and 44-53 plants or 22-33 plants are planted in each mu of land. The selected combined variety has high fruit setting rate and good high yield, so that even in Li Qianshou or absolute year, the annual high yield can be ensured; when high-quality fruits are required to be produced in the full bearing period, the yield of each plant is controlled to be 20-40 kg (the total yield of two combined varieties), and the per mu yield is controlled to be 800-1250 kg; if only ordinary fruits are produced, the yield of each tree can be kept 50-100 kg (the total yield of two combined varieties), and thus the yield per mu can reach 1500-2000 kg.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a technology and a method for improving the yield value of honey plums comprise the following steps:
s1: selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick and fine variety stock seedlings for field planting, such as middle peach anti-stock No. 1, middle peach stocks No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, wild peach stocks, apricot stocks and the like; the planting time is 11-3 months, the autumn planting is suitable for the south and the spring planting is suitable for the north;
s2, selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey Li Miao for field planting, selecting 2-4 new branches after new branches are sent out, grafting in the current year for 5 months, and culturing the new branches into main branches in the current year; selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey plum grafted seedlings for field planting, wherein the time is 11-3 months, and the cultivation is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north;
s3: before planting, soaking seedling roots in microbial agent slurry prepared by using a microbial agent K84, and then planting in a fixed mode, wherein the plant row spacing is 2.5-3×5-6 meters (Y shape) or 4-5×5-6 meters (four-stile shape);
s4: after field planting, the height of the fixed trunk is 30-45 cm, a main branch is selected and reserved, new branches with thicker branches of 2 (Y shape) to 4 (four straight shapes) are selected as main branches for cultivation, wherein 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are used as fixed branches for cultivation of main cultivated varieties, and the other 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are grafted and preferably combined varieties in 5 months of the current year or 9-2 months of the next year, and the main branches are cultivated in the next year; if the stock seedlings are planted, all the seedlings are grafted into a preferable combination.
S5, when the germination is more than 10cm, applying fertilizer and spraying medicine once every 10-15 days to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, keeping the top dominance to grow vigorously, and promoting to the bottom; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; the height of the core pin is controlled by pinching when the height of the core pin exceeds 3.0 meters;
s6: improvement of big trees in adult orchards: in the season suitable for grafting, selecting proper positions on main branches, grafting 1-2 new branches, keeping the result of the big tree, gradually culturing the new branches under the premise of not greatly influencing the yield of the big tree, sawing off main branches in the same direction in the next year, replacing the main branches with the preferred varieties, and completing the replacement in general 2-3 years;
s7: the pruning method and the pest control are the same as the conventional method.
In this embodiment, preferably, when selecting the combined variety, the variety with good quality should be selected, and the variety with similar flowering phase, large pollen quantity, stable fruit setting, good yield, large fruit, good quality, high market price and large potential should also be selected; preferably, the best variety combination is honey plum, powder natural plum, honey plum, wushan plum Li Youji, honey plum, wuyue plum (phoenix plum), honey plum, green plum Li Youji and the like; digging a pit, fertilizing and planting; the planting method is the same as the conventional method, but shallow planting is needed, deep planting cannot be performed, and if not, gummosis or poor growth is easy to occur. The time is 11-3 months, and is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north.
In this embodiment, preferably, before planting, the rotten root and the residual root on the seedling are reduced, and a small part of the main root is cut off, so that the main effect of root pruning is to stimulate germination of new roots, after root pruning, the root of the seedling is immersed in microbial inoculum slurry prepared by using a microbial inoculum K84 and planted in a fixed mode, grafting openings uniformly face to one direction during planting of the grafted seedling, and then the grafted seedling is dried in a fixed mode, and the fixed dry height is 30-50 cm.
In this embodiment, preferably, during seedling planting, planning is performed on an orchard, then a ruler is used for determining a row spacing of the plant and marking, and the direction (Y shape) after cultivation and shaping is required to be the best in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, so that illumination is uniform; the four-stile shape and hillside fields do not need to be cultivated along the slope direction according to local conditions, so that the operation is convenient. The plant row spacing is 2.5-3*5-6 meters or 4-5*5-6 meters, and 44-53 plants or 22-33 plants are planted in each mu of land.
In this embodiment, preferably, after field planting, new branches sent out are trimmed, 2-4 thick new branches are selected as main branches, and the selected main branches are suitable for culturing into Y-shaped or quadrilled trunks for culturing; topdressing is started when the new branch grows to about 10cm, fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days, about 50 g of compound fertilizer of 18-8-18 is applied to each tree, and once every 15 days of main branch is sprayed to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, so that the top vigor is kept to grow vigorously, fertilizer application is stopped after 7 ten days in month; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; and (3) spraying the plant growth regulator for 1-2 times in the middle 7 th month for 200-300 times to control vigorous growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
In the embodiment, preferably, the preferred combination varieties are grafted in the current year of 5 months or 9 to 2 months of the next year, and the main technique is cultivated in the next year; checking the main branches regularly to ensure that the included angle between the main branches and the ground is 60-70 degrees, and cutting off lateral branches which are more than 2/3 of the main branches in winter in the current year so as to ensure the growth of the main branches, wherein the main branches are used for directly culturing a fruit branch group, and the fruit branches are the fruit branches in the next year; and when the height of the new core tip exceeds 3.0 meters, performing core picking and height control.
In this embodiment, preferably, prune the plum tree according to Y shape or four straight body shapes, let trunk and land included angle be 60-70, because graft port is unified to face a direction when field planting, so 80% is more than the basic standard, tie up or draw the branch to the bamboo pole for the main branch that does not accord with the standard, keep the main branch to land included angle be 60-70.
In this embodiment, preferably, the lateral branches on the main branches of the Y-shaped or four-straight tree are trimmed, cultured into a resultant branch group, and the back lower branches on the trunk and the inner hall branches are trimmed, so that the density between the branch groups is preferably not light-shielding.
In this embodiment, preferably, the low fruit setting rate of the honey plums can cause the annual underharvest or absolute production in the abnormal weather, and the varieties with basically the same flowering phase are adopted for combination, so that the honey plums can pollinate each other, the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is improved, and the disaster resistance of the abnormal weather is improved; after the method and the technology are adopted, the fruit setting rate of the preferred combined variety is high, so that the annual high yield can be ensured, and the income is not reduced due to the yield reduction of the honey plums; the varieties with similar or same maturity are selected as the combination, so that the production management and harvesting are convenient, and the production cost is reduced;
in the embodiment, the low-yield orchard can be improved rapidly, the economic income of fruit growers is improved, the fruit growers can understand the orchard easily, and the method is easy to popularize; and other technical benefits are poor, and the popularization is difficult.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the technology and the method for improving the yield value of the honey plums are characterized in that a technician of the company grafts a plurality of varieties of Huang Jinnai, five-month crisp, yerba mate, plums and the like on honey plums of three ages in a company base orchard in 2019 respectively to serve as pollinators, the tree forms have Y shapes and four-straight shapes, and the flowering period of gold, five-month crisp, yerba mate, plums and the like is respectively compared with that of honey Li Wan, 3 and 7 days, so that only gold, five-month crisp and yerba mate barely can serve as pollinators for the honey plums, and plums and honey Li Ze are not encountered in the flowering period and cannot serve as pollinators; in 2021, the weather of cold weather in the spring is encountered, and a great deal of results can be achieved for all the varieties; in 2022, these several varieties had a large number of outcomes; during these three years, the yield of melissa plums was generally expressed. From the measurements of yield in 2021, it was estimated that, in each combination, the highest yield of one strain 2021 reached 21.5kg and the prediction in 2022 was 35kg, and it was entirely possible to achieve the above object by the full bearing period.
Example 2:
gold naphthalene Li Fengchan is good in property, mature period is one month later than that of the honey plums, market price is high, and gold naphthalene Li Fengchan is also feasible as a matched combination for peak-shifting marketing, so that gold naphthalene is recommended as another preferred combination in the invention.
After the method and the technology for improving the yield value of the honey plums are adopted, the honey Li Peiyang is divided into a tree body and two varieties, and the varieties have high fruit setting rate and good yield, so that the defects can be avoided, the nearly annual high yield can be ensured, and the income of fruit farmers is not reduced due to the yield reduction of the honey plums; the row spacing of the plants with the optimal density is 2.5-3*5-6 meters or 4-5*5-6 meters, and 44-53 plants or 22-33 plants are planted in each mu of land. The fruit setting rate of the selected combined variety is high, so that even in the Li Qianshou or absolute year of production, the high yield can be ensured almost annually; in the full bearing period, if high-quality fruits are required to be produced, the yield of each plant of tree is controlled to be 20-40 kg (the total yield of two combined varieties), and the per mu yield is controlled to be 800-1250 kg; if only ordinary fruits are produced, the yield of each tree can be kept at 50-100 kg (the total yield of two combined varieties), and thus the yield per mu can reach 1500-2000 kg.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A technique and a method for improving the yield value of honey plums, which are characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick and fine variety stock seedlings for field planting, such as middle peach anti-stock No. 1, middle peach stocks No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, wild peach stocks, apricot stocks and the like; the planting time is 11-3 months, the autumn planting is suitable for the south and the spring planting is suitable for the north;
s2, selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey Li Miao for field planting, selecting 2-4 new branches after new branches are sent out, grafting in the current year for 5 months, and culturing the new branches into main branches in the current year; selecting 0.8-1.5 cm thick honey plum grafted seedlings for field planting, wherein the time is 11-3 months, and the cultivation is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north;
s3: before planting, soaking seedling roots in microbial agent slurry prepared by using a microbial agent K84, and then planting in a fixed mode, wherein the plant row spacing is 2.5-3×5-6 meters (Y shape) or 4-5×5-6 meters (four-stile shape);
s4: after field planting, the height of the fixed trunk is 30-45 cm, a main branch is selected and reserved, new branches with thicker branches of 2 (Y shape) to 4 (four straight shapes) are selected as main branches for cultivation, wherein 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are used as fixed branches for cultivation of main cultivated varieties, and the other 1 branch (Y shape) or 2 branches (four straight shapes) are grafted and preferably combined varieties in 5 months of the current year or 9-2 months of the next year, and the main branches are cultivated in the next year; if the stock seedlings are planted, all the seedlings are grafted into a preferable combination.
S5, when the germination is more than 10cm, applying fertilizer and spraying medicine once every 10-15 days to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, keeping the top dominance to grow vigorously, and promoting to the bottom; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; the height of the core pin is controlled by pinching when the height of the core pin exceeds 3.0 meters;
s6: improvement of big trees in adult orchards: in the season suitable for grafting, selecting proper positions on main branches, grafting 1-2 new branches, keeping the result of the big tree, gradually culturing the new branches under the premise of not greatly influencing the yield of the big tree, sawing off main branches in the same direction in the next year, replacing the main branches with the preferred varieties, and completing the replacement in general 2-3 years;
s7: the pruning method and the pest control are the same as the conventional method.
2. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when selecting combined varieties, selecting the varieties with good quality, and selecting the varieties with similar flowering phase, large pollen quantity, stable fruit setting, good high yield, large fruits, good quality, high market price and large potential; preferably, the best variety combination is honey plum, powder natural plum, honey plum, wushan plum Li Youji, honey plum, wuyue plum (phoenix plum), honey plum, green plum Li Youji and the like; digging a pit, fertilizing and planting; the planting method is the same as the conventional method, but shallow planting is needed, deep planting cannot be performed, and if not, gummosis or poor growth is easy to occur. The time is 11-3 months, and is suitable for autumn cultivation in the south and spring cultivation in the north.
3. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before planting, the rotten root and the residual root on the seedling are reduced, a small part of main root is cut off, the main root is trimmed, the main function of the root trimming is to stimulate new roots to germinate, the seedling root is immersed in microbial agent slurry prepared by a microbial agent K84 after the root trimming, and then the seedling is planted in a fixed mode, grafting openings uniformly face to one direction during the fixed planting of the grafted seedling, and then the seedling is dried in a fixed mode, and the dry height is 30-50 cm.
4. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when seedlings are planted, firstly planning an orchard, then determining the row spacing of the plants by using a ruler and marking, wherein the direction (Y shape) after culture and forming is required to be the best in the east-west direction and the second in the north-south direction, so that illumination is uniform; the four-stile shape and hillside fields do not need to be cultivated along the slope direction according to local conditions, so that the operation is convenient. The plant row spacing is 2.5-3*5-6 meters or 4-5*5-6 meters, and 44-53 plants or 22-33 plants are planted in each mu of land.
5. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after field planting, pruning new branches sent out, selecting 2-4 thick new branches as main branches, and culturing the selected main branches into Y-shaped or four-straight trunks; topdressing is started when the new branch grows to about 10cm, fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days, about 50 g of compound fertilizer of 18-8-18 is applied to each tree, and once every 15 days of main branch is sprayed to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, so that the top vigor is kept to grow vigorously, fertilizer application is stopped after 7 ten days in month; binding and righting the main branch with the oblique growth by using a bamboo pole according to an included angle of 70 degrees with the ground; and (3) spraying the plant growth regulator for 1-2 times in the middle 7 th month for 200-300 times to control vigorous growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
6. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: grafting the preferred combined variety in 5 months of the current year or 9-2 months of the next year, and culturing the combined variety into a major technology in the next year; checking the main branches regularly to ensure that the included angle between the main branches and the ground is 60-70 degrees, and cutting off lateral branches which are more than 2/3 of the main branches in winter in the current year so as to ensure the growth of the main branches, wherein the main branches are used for directly culturing a fruit branch group, and the fruit branches are the fruit branches in the next year; and when the height of the new core tip exceeds 3.0 meters, performing core picking and height control.
7. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: pruning the plum tree according to Y shape or four straight shapes, and keeping the included angle between the trunk and the ground at 60-70 degrees, wherein more than 80% of grafting openings uniformly face to one direction during field planting, so that the grafting openings basically meet the standard, and binding or pulling bamboo poles for main branches which do not meet the standard, so as to keep the included angle between the main branches and the ground at 60-70 degrees.
8. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: pruning lateral branches on the Y-shaped or four-tappet tree main branch, culturing into a final branch group, and pruning back lower branches on the inner hall branch and the trunk, wherein the density between the branch groups is suitable for not shading each other.
9. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: because the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is low, the honey plums can be underharvested or produced in the abnormal weather year, and the honey plums can pollinate each other by adopting the varieties with basically the same flowering phase as the combination, so that the fruit setting rate of the honey plums is improved, and the disaster resistance of the abnormal weather year is improved; after the method and the technology are adopted, the fruit setting rate of the preferred combined variety is high, so that the annual high yield can be ensured, and the income is not reduced due to the yield reduction of the honey plums; the varieties with similar or same maturity are selected as the combination, which is convenient for production management and harvesting, and reduces the production cost.
10. A technique and method for increasing the yield of plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-yield orchard can be quickly improved, the economic income of fruit growers is improved, the fruit growers can understand the orchard at first, the fruit growers can learn the orchard at first, and the fruit growers can easily popularize the orchard; and other technical benefits are poor, and the popularization is difficult.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210647999.3A CN116138097A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Technology and method for improving yield value of honey plums |
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| CN202210647999.3A CN116138097A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Technology and method for improving yield value of honey plums |
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