CN115886254A - 一种解酒护肝食品 - Google Patents
一种解酒护肝食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115886254A CN115886254A CN202211223453.1A CN202211223453A CN115886254A CN 115886254 A CN115886254 A CN 115886254A CN 202211223453 A CN202211223453 A CN 202211223453A CN 115886254 A CN115886254 A CN 115886254A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种解酒护肝食品，本发明属于功能性食品领域，一种解酒护肝食品，所述食品含有的组分及其重量百分比例如下：火龙果发酵原浆2％～3.5％，发酵大麦提取物0.2％～0.4％，梅子提取物0.1％～0.3％，藤茶提取物0.1％～0.3％，姜黄提取物0.1％～0.3％，枸杞提取物0.1％～0.3％，枳椇子提取物0.3％～0.6％，葛根提取物0.3％～0.6％，辅料60％～75％，采用多种纯植物提取物通过特殊比例混合制成，绿色环保，健康无害，并且具有加速酒精代谢、改善肝功能、预防宿醉、改善血液循环、改善肠道菌群、提高人体免疫力等功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能性食品领域，具体涉及一种解酒护肝食品。
背景技术
肝脏是人体的一个重要器官，人不能离开肝脏而存活。肝脏的功能包括：解毒功能、代谢功能、分泌胆汁、造血、储血和调节循环血量的功能、免疫防御功能等。随着人们生活水平的日益提高，生活节奏不断的加快，人们的身体也随着日渐忙碌的生活变得脆弱不堪。针对一些注重身体健康的人们而言，越来越注重养生，对保健品的需求也越来越大。环境污染对人体的危害，频繁的社交给人们带来的困扰，特别是喝酒对肝脏的伤害是不容忽视的。众所周知，肝脏对于酒的代谢起着主要的作用，大量或长期饮酒会损伤肝脏，主要是因为当肝脏中产生的热量过多时，肝细胞就会将酒精变成油脂，然后储存于肝脏或者送到全身使用或储存，肝脏出现脂肪化，高脂血症，严重者出现肝硬化等。现有的解酒护肝功能性食品大多含有副作用成分，不但影响产品效果，而且对人体产生的危害也相当大。肝脏是人体主要的“净化工厂”和“造血工厂”，肝脏是人体健康的重要组成部分，因此解酒护肝成了现代人们相当关注的问题。
发明内容
发明目的：提供一种解酒护肝食品，解决了现有技术存在的上述问题。
技术方案：一种解酒护肝食品，包括所述食品含有的组分及其重量百分比例如下：火龙果发酵原浆2％～3.5％，发酵大麦提取物0.2％～0.4％，梅子提取物0.1％～0.3％，藤茶提取物0.1％～0.3％，姜黄提取物0.1％～0.3％，枸杞提取物0.1％～0.3％，枳椇子提取物0.3％～0.6％，葛根提取物0.3％～0.6％，辅料60％～75％。
在进一步实施中，所述发酵大麦提取物、梅子提取物、藤茶提取物、姜黄提取物、枸杞提取物、枳椇子提取物、葛根提取物被加工成粉末状提取物。
在进一步实施中，所述葛根提取物为碳水化合物、植物蛋白、多种维生素和矿物质。
在进一步实施中，所述枳椇子提取物为葡萄糖、有机酸。
在进一步实施中，所述辅料为水、赤藓糖醇、澄清苹果浓缩汁、无水柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和三氯蔗糖中的一种或多种。
在进一步实施中，一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于解酒性产品中的应用。
在进一步实施中，一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于预防和或慢性酒精中毒食物中的应用。
在进一步实施中，所述食品被制备成口服液。
有益效果：一种解酒护肝食品采用多种纯植物提取物通过特殊比例混合制成，绿色环保，健康无害，并且具有加速酒精代谢、改善肝功能、预防宿醉、改善血液循环、改善肠道菌群、提高人体免疫力等功效。
附图说明
图1为本发明的在以A组及C组大鼠血液中的平均酒精浓度做的代谢曲线图；
图2为本发明的大鼠单次灌胃给予火龙果发酵原浆解酒护肝饮品后的乙醇浓度；
图3为本发明的乙醇代谢图；
图4为本发明的A组大鼠灌胃后乙醇浓度对比表和血中乙醇的暴露表；
图5为本发明的C组大鼠灌胃后乙醇浓度对比表和血中乙醇的暴露表；
图6为本发明的C组实验组数据表；
图7为本发明的B组实验组数据表；
图8为本发明的A组至C组的数据分析表；
图9为小鼠的乙醇含量的变化图。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，本发明实施例中可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本发明实施例中发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
下面通过实施例，并结合附图对本方案做进一步具体说明。
实施例1
本实施例，一种解酒护肝食品，食品含有的组分及其重量百分比例如下：火龙果发酵原浆2％～3.5％，发酵大麦提取物0.2％～0.4％，梅子提取物0.1％～0.3％，藤茶提取物0.1％～0.3％，姜黄提取物0.1％～0.3％，枸杞提取物0.1％～0.3％，枳椇子提取物0.3％～0.6％，葛根提取物0.3％～0.6％，辅料60％～75％。
作为一个优选案例，所述发酵大麦提取物、梅子提取物、藤茶提取物、姜黄提取物、枸杞提取物、枳椇子提取物、葛根提取物被加工成粉末状提取物。
作为一个优选案例，所述葛根提取物为碳水化合物、植物蛋白、多种维生素和矿物质。
作为一个优选案例，所述枳椇子提取物为葡萄糖、有机酸。
作为一个优选案例，所述辅料为水、赤藓糖醇、澄清苹果浓缩汁、无水柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和三氯蔗糖中的一种或多种。
作为一个优选案例，一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于解酒性产品中的应用。
作为一个优选案例，一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于预防和或慢性酒精中毒食物中的应用。
作为一个优选案例，所述食品被制备成口服液。
作为一个优选案例，所述食品在喝酒前口服。
本发明由火龙果发酵原浆、发酵大麦提取物、梅子提取物、藤茶提取物、姜黄提取物、枸杞提取物、枳椇子提取物、葛根提取物配置而成，其中火龙果发酵原浆中含有11种短链脂肪酸：乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丁酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸，因此火龙果发酵原浆可以通过促进TCA循环达到促进酒精代谢的功效，而梅子经过熬煮，除本身具有的好处外，其所含的枸酸与糖分(HMF)因高热结合成神奇新成分姆美芙拉尔，可加速血液流速、使血液粘度恢复到正常水平、促进新陈代谢、活化胞、减缓老化，姜黄素有提高肝脏解毒功能和促进胆汁分泌的作用，因此可以提高肝脏的机能。
此外，姜黄萃取精华中所含的姜黄素还可以促进乙醛的代谢，可以预防宿醉。而发酵大麦提取物中富含氨基酸/肽、柠檬酸、低聚糖等维持身体健康平衡的重要成分。发酵大麦提取物可以通过显著降低血浆中ALT、AST的浓度，达到分解酒精、缓解宿醉带来的不快感来有效地保护肝脏的目的，此外还具有降低尿酸值、抗氧化、抗炎症、改善睡眠、恢复疲劳、以及改善肠道菌群等效果。枸杞提取物富含维生素B1、维生素B2、亚麻酸、氨基酸、各种矿物质和食物纤维等营养的健康食品。除了有营养强健、疲劳恢复、肝功能改善、促进血液循环之外，还有排毒、预防色斑等令人高兴和抗老化效果，而枳椇子中含有大量的葡萄糖、有机酸，既能扩充人体的血容量，又能解酒毒，故有醒酒安神的作用。枳椇子含有大量葡萄糖、有机盐、脂类物质，具有促进尿液排泄，加速肠道蠕动等作用，故能通利二便。
葛根提取物主要含碳水化合物，植物蛋白，多种维生素和矿物质，此外还含有黄酮类物质：大豆素，大豆甙，还有大豆素-4，7-二葡萄糖甙，葛根素，葛根素-7-木糖甙，葛根醇，葛根藤及异黄酮甙等。经常饮酒，抽烟的人士、酒精代谢中毒者可以摄取葛根提取物，可以预防肝炎，提高肝脏解毒功能，修复肝损细胞。本发明解酒护肝的效果更为明显，本发明其功能因子对乙醇代谢、慢性肝损伤具有保护作用。
具体的，藤茶(AmpelopsisgrossedentataHand.-Mazz.)通常被认为是一种有药用价值且可食用的植物,是葡萄科蛇葡萄属显齿蛇葡萄科的一种,主要生长在中国中部及南部,同时也存在于一些东南亚国家。植物始终为天然化学新物质、活性化合物和治疗药物的重要来源。据报道,藤茶中含有大量的黄酮类化合物,具有多种生物活性,如降糖、抗氧化、抗血栓作用、抗肿瘤消炎和抗菌活性等。在黄酮类化合物中,二氢杨梅素、杨梅苷和杨梅素已被证实为该草本植物的主要生物活性成分。
二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricelin，DMY或DHM)又称蛇葡萄素(ampelopsin，AMP)、白蔹素(ampelopsin)、双氢杨梅树皮素、双氢杨梅素、福建茶素等，是一种二氢黄酮醇类黄酮化合物，1940年，首先从蛇葡萄属植物楝叶玉葡萄
Ampelopsismeliaefolia(Hand.-Mazz.)W.T.Wang的叶中分离得到。二氢杨梅素广泛存在于蛇葡萄科蛇葡萄属植物中，在藤茶中的量可以达到30％，也存在于杨梅科、杜鹃科、藤黄科、大戟科、橄榄科、豆科、山榄科及柳科等植物中。既往研究证实二氢杨梅素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、解酒保肝、抗病原微生物及调血脂等多方面的药理作用。此外，二氢杨梅素还具有抗高血压、抑制体内血栓形成、降血糖等生物活性。
二氢杨梅素化学名称为(2R,3R)-3,5,7-三羟基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮，分子式为C15H12O8，相对分子质量为320.25；为白色针状结晶，熔点为245～246℃。常温和冷水中溶解度较低，易溶于甲醇、乙醇及丙酮，极微溶于醋酸乙酯，难溶于氯仿、石油醚，二氢杨梅素结构式下；
二氢杨梅素可发生氧化反应、脱氢反应、酯化反应，还可与金属离子发生络合反应。二氢杨梅素的抗氧化活性中心是位于其分子结构B环上的3′、4′、5′位连酚羟基结构，A环上的3个OH虽具有一定的抗氧化作用，但是抗氧化作用相对较弱。金属离子可与二氢杨梅素分子中的酸性酚羟基和成络基团羰基发生络合反应，提高二氢杨梅素的抗氧化能力。另外，通过对3′、4′、5′位酚羟基和3、5、7位的羟基进行酯化、酰基化、糖苷化等结构修饰，来提高二氢杨梅素的水溶性和脂溶性，或增强二氢杨梅素的药理活性，也是二氢杨梅素研究的热点方向之一。
自由基在生物体中有很高的活性，结构不稳定，能够与邻近的蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物以及核酸发生反应。产生的氧化应激涉及到众多的疾病，如高血压、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病等，也参与衰老过程。二氢杨梅素具有较强的抗氧化活性，这与其诸多药理作用相关，也是其作为一种安全、无残留的食品添加剂而应用于畜牧业的基础。采用测定清除自由基的能力来评价抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性。二氢杨梅素对稳定自由基DPPH的清除率高达73.3％～91.5％。二氢杨梅素清除DPPH的IC50为5.4mmol/L，且B环发挥主要的抗氧化活性。电子自旋共振(ESR)和自旋捕集技术测定结果显示，二氢杨梅素清除和抑制超氧阴离子、羟自由基和DPPH自由基的IC50分别为7.4、297.8和12.4μg/mL，表明二氢杨梅素对超氧自由基具有更强的清除作用。机体内清除自由基的酶系统主要包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等。先于H2O2加入二氢杨梅素能够明显减少MDA的产生，保护细胞DNA免于氧化损伤，但不影响SOD和GSH-Px的活性，进而说明二氢杨梅素能够保护猪肾上皮细胞系PK-15免于H2O2诱导的脂质过氧化损伤。
同时，藤茶在民间作为治疗咽喉肿痛的保健茶而广为应用，近年来其主要活性成分二氢杨梅素的抗炎作用也有相关报道。二氢杨梅素能够明显抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO和致炎因子如白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6以及肿瘤坏死因子－α(TNF-α)，且呈现剂量依赖性；能有效抑制LPS诱导的诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达，机制与抑制IκB激酶磷酸化、IκB磷酸化以及核转录因子－κB(NF-κB)的核转运密切相关。
二氢杨梅素能显著抑制巴豆油引起的小鼠耳肿胀，显著抑制粉刺杆菌和LPS共同诱发的小鼠血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性的升高，也能显著抑制二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱发的小鼠迟发性超敏反应引起的血管通透性的增高，抑制蛋白胨引起的腹腔炎症小鼠的中性粒细胞白三烯B4(LTB4)及白三烯C4(LTC4)的释放[32]。另外，陈立峰等[33]发现二氢杨梅素能明显升高免疫性慢性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜胃游离酸(TA)和总酸(FA)的量，显著降低血清胃泌素水平；显著降低血清iNOS活性、血清NO水平和血清IgG水平，从而对免疫性慢性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜发挥保护作用。
现有技术中，酒精滥用和依赖仍然缺乏治疗手段，目前，FDA仅批准了3种口服药物和一种注射药物。二氢杨梅素能增加海马和神经元GABAARsa4亚基的表达，发挥抵抗酒精中毒和酒精依赖性作用，有望成为治疗酒精应用障碍(AUD)的候选药物。给予二氢杨梅素能延长醉酒小鼠的耐受时间，并能明显缩短醒酒时间，证实二氢杨梅素有较好的防醉解酒效果。
另外，二氢杨梅素也能有效地保护肝损伤，能够抑制由氨基半乳糖(GalN)引起的肝损伤大鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、ALT、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、α－维生素E和GSG/GSSH的增加，具有较好的肝保护作用。二氢杨梅素对痤疮丙酸杆菌与脂多糖诱发的小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用，对小鼠腹腔中性粒细胞LTB4和LTC4的分泌呈剂量依赖性抑制作用。乙醇诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型亦证明二氢杨梅素能有效升高肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平，降低肝脏MDA水平。另外二氢杨梅素还能降低三酰甘油(TG)量，减轻肝细胞脂肪变性，具有较显著的乙醇性肝损伤保护作用，该作用可能是通过清除自由基，提高肝细胞抗氧化能力，抑制乙醇引起的膜脂质过氧化来实现的。
另外，现有技术中徐静娟等依照《保健食品检验与评价急性毒性试验技术规范》要求，ig给予大鼠二氢杨梅素(5.0g/kg)进行急性毒性试验。在观察期内，大鼠皮肤、黏膜、毛色、眼睛、呼吸、循环、自主活动及中枢神经系统、行为表现等均未见异常现象，大鼠体质量未发生明显变化，试验期内无动物死亡，表明二氢杨梅素毒性很小。藤茶乙醇提取物的急性毒性试验结果也表明，ig给予10.0g/kg藤茶乙醇提取物(经测定其中二氢杨梅素量为70％)，大鼠的各项急性毒性评价指标均无明显变化，说明藤茶(二氢杨梅素)具有较好的食用安全性。
本发明立足于醉酒的发病机理，成功激活人体内的乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶，延缓酒在消化道的吸收，机理为：激活人体内乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛堆积，增强乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶的活性，减少乙醛堆积，乙醇主要在胃肠道被吸收，进入血液，因此通过抑制其吸收速度，加强其在胃中的首过效应，降低乙醇浓度，以防止过高浓度乙醇及其代谢产物对神经系统、肝脏等造成损害，将已有的乙醛氧化为乙酸，从而使其转化为二氧化碳和水，达到解酒的目的。
本实施例还提供了上述解酒护肝的功能性食品的制备方法包括先将符合标准的一下提取物，发酵大麦提取物、梅子提取物、藤茶提取物、姜黄提取物、枸杞提取物、枳椇子提取物、葛根提取物按照上述配比投入到搅拌机中进行搅拌均匀，并且控制原料中的辅料进行搅拌，最后按照国家功能性食品工艺要求制作成口服液。
基础实验数据
本发明从解酒效果以及酒精性肝损伤两个方面解酒护肝饮品的解酒和对肝脏保护作用，通过建立小鼠醉酒模型，通过设置不同的灌胃剂量，确定各灌胃剂量对小鼠翻正反射小鼠率和24h死亡率的影响，确定最佳致醉剂量；其次我们设置解酒护肝饮高、中、低剂量组，模型对照组，通过醉酒睡眠，比较各剂量组对醉酒小鼠醉酒时间和醒酒时间，确定各剂量组对这两个小鼠醉酒后最直观的行为学指标的影响，初步确定解酒护肝饮的解酒作用；最后我们同样设置解酒护肝饮高、中、低剂量组，通过测定醉酒小鼠不同时间点小鼠血乙醇浓度的变化，进一步确定解酒护肝饮的解酒作用。在急慢性酒精性肝损伤方面，通过建立急慢性酒精肝损伤模型，确定解酒护肝饮对小鼠肝脏的保护作用。急慢性酒精性肝损伤模型能否构建成功，关键在于酒精灌胃剂量、灌胃方式和模型构建时间。对急性酒精性肝损伤，我们选择1.51mL/100g的酒精灌胃剂量，
醉酒是由于血液中过高浓度的乙醇短时间内大量进入脑内，使大脑先处于兴奋状态逐渐转入抑制状态。大脑皮层下中枢的兴奋失去控制，引起认识、判断、运动障碍等一系列病理变化，小鼠醉酒后最直观的行为表现是翻正反射的消失与恢复，通过观察醉酒后翻正反射消失时间和恢复时间，比较解酒护肝饮的解酒效果，初步确定其是否有解酒作用，结果图4和图5表明，与模型组相比较，小鼠醉酒时间，缩短醒酒时间，促进醒酒。醉酒时间和醒酒时间差异均表明解酒护肝饮有防醉、解酒作用。
如图7所示，解酒护肝饮对小鼠血乙醇浓度的影响，血液中高浓度的酒精可以透过血脑屏障，刺激大脑，引起一系列的病理反应，在小鼠行为上表现为步态不稳、后退拖地，翻正反射消失等，血乙醇含量直观反应乙醇在体内吸收代谢情况，小鼠灌胃白酒后0.25h、0.5h、1h、2h和6h这5个时间点乙醇浓度的变化，比较解酒护肝饮对小鼠血液乙醇浓度的影响。本发明，小鼠血液乙醇含量先升高后减少，并且在一个小时左右时达到最大值，解酒护肝饮高、中剂量组在2h、6h这两个时间点有显著性差异，表明解酒护肝饮能够降低血乙醇的浓度，进一步证明解酒护肝饮解酒效果。
本发明的产品毒性测试功能性食品进行了经口毒性实验，二项致突变性实验；分两实验组：
对照组：食用酒精6g/kgrat，即对照组将浓度为50％的食用酒精，安装6g/kg的体重比例进行灌胃。
实验组：食用酒精6g/kg+受试样品1.5ml/100grat，即实验组在酒精摄入前15分钟，安装1.5ml/100g体重灌胃火龙果解酒护肝品。灌胃后分别与0.25、0.5、1、2、6(h)检测大鼠血液酒精浓度。
如图1和图2所示。在以A组及C组大鼠血液中的平均酒精浓度做的代谢曲线中，在同一时间点检测出的大鼠血浆酒精浓度，解酒药组均比对照组酒精浓度低，整个曲线位于对照组下方，显示在酒精摄入前15分钟，摄入解酒护肝饮品能很好的降低大鼠血浆中的酒精浓度。
如图3所示。在同一代谢时段内，即0.25小时至1小时，对照组大鼠血浆中的酒精浓度没降低反而在升高，而解酒药组大鼠血浆中的酒精浓度始终呈下降趋势，说明解酒护肝饮品对大鼠血浆中的酒精浓度有加强代谢的作用；此外，在同一代谢时段内，即0.25小时至6小时，解酒药组大鼠血浆浓度由1820ug/ml降至1440uglml，降幅380uglml，对照组大鼠血浆浓度由1860ug/m降至1620ug/ml，降幅240ug/ml，由此可见，解酒药组酒精在同一时段内代谢更快，相比对照组，酒精代谢速度提高了58％。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
Claims (8)
1.一种解酒护肝食品，其特征在于；所述食品含有的组分及其重量百分比例如下：火龙果发酵原浆2％～3.5％，发酵大麦提取物0.2％～0.4％，梅子提取物0.1％～0.3％，藤茶提取物0.1％～0.3％，姜黄提取物0.1％～0.3％，枸杞提取物0.1％～0.3％，枳椇子提取物0.3％～0.6％，葛根提取物0.3％～0.6％，辅料60％～75％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝食品，其特征在于，所述发酵大麦提取物、梅子提取物、藤茶提取物、姜黄提取物、枸杞提取物、枳椇子提取物、葛根提取物被加工成粉末状提取物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝食品，其特征在于，所述葛根提取物为碳水化合物、植物蛋白、多种维生素和矿物质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝食品，其特征在于，所述枳椇子提取物为葡萄糖、有机酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝食品，其特征在于，所述辅料为水、赤藓糖醇、澄清苹果浓缩汁、无水柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和三氯蔗糖中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1～4所述的一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于解酒性产品中的应用。
7.根据权利要求1～4所述的一种解酒护肝食品在制备用于预防和或慢性酒精中毒食物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述食品被制备成口服液。
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