CN115812377A - Secondary salinization grassland treatment method - Google Patents
Secondary salinization grassland treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812377A CN115812377A CN202211593573.0A CN202211593573A CN115812377A CN 115812377 A CN115812377 A CN 115812377A CN 202211593573 A CN202211593573 A CN 202211593573A CN 115812377 A CN115812377 A CN 115812377A
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- montmorillonite
- humic acid
- soil
- zinc oxide
- grassland
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 40
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary salinization grassland treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of grassland restoration. When in treatment, soil conditioner is applied into the soil, and the soil conditioner is evenly mixed with the soil through rotary tillage; the soil conditioner consists of 5-15 parts by weight of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 40-50 parts by weight of plant fiber and 8-10 parts by weight of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A; the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide under the action of an initiator and a cross-linking agent; soaking grass seeds in the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution, and then sowing. The treatment method of the invention can improve the salinization of soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland restoration, in particular to a secondary salinization grassland treatment method.
Background
Secondary salinization refers to the process of salinization of soil due to unreasonable farming irrigation. Mainly due to human causes. Mainly occurs in alluvial plains with high groundwater level, unsmooth subsurface runoff and more soluble salt in groundwater in arid or semiarid regions. Because of the influence of artificial unreasonable measures, the groundwater is lifted, and under the condition that the local evaporation capacity is larger than the precipitation capacity, the salt content on the surface layer of the soil is increased, so that the soil salinization is caused. The secondary salinization of the grassland is caused by serious damage to grassland vegetation caused by unreasonable utilization of the grassland by human beings, such as excessive grazing, mowing, wood raking, waster burning, medicine digging and the like.
The salinization of the soil has great damage to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, is extremely not beneficial to the growth and development of plants and is easy to cause the physiological drought and even death of the plants. The too high alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil affects the effectiveness of nutrient elements such as phosphorus, manganese, iron, boron, zinc and the like in the soil, easily causes the deficiency of a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, main elements and trace elements such as iron, calcium, boron and the like, and is not beneficial to the absorption of nutrients by plants and the inhibition of plant growth. The measures for treating the saline-alkali soil mainly comprise three technical measures of physics, biology and chemistry, and the physical measures comprise water conservancy improvement, land leveling, soil dressing improvement, sand pressing improvement, rice planting improvement and the like. The biological measures mainly comprise soil fertility improvement, organic fertilizer application, straw returning, saline-alkali tolerant plant or green manure planting and the like. The chemical improvement mainly comprises the steps of applying modifiers such as gypsum, mineral fertilizers, calcium sulfite and ferrous sulfate to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and inhibit the occurrence of salinization through acid-base neutralization. These measures, although effective under certain conditions, each have limitations: the hydraulic method and the chemical improvement method consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, the phytoremediation method consumes a long time and is limited by climatic conditions,
one of the reasons for secondary salinization is that due to drought and rare rainfall, the grassland is irrigated by water with more salt or only irrigates without discharge or improper irrigation, so that the underground water level rises and the salt in the deep soil is brought to the ground surface. After water evaporation, salt is remained in surface soil to form soil salinization. Based on the method, the invention provides a secondary salinization grassland treatment method, which improves the water retention capacity of soil, and simultaneously combines the production, improvement and utilization of farming and animal husbandry to achieve the aim of treating grassland.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for treating secondary salinized grassland, which aims to solve the problems.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for treating a secondary salinized grassland, which comprises the following steps:
applying a soil conditioner into the soil, and carrying out rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner and the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 5-15 parts by weight of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 40-50 parts by weight of plant fiber and 8-10 parts by weight of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A; the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide under the action of an initiator and a cross-linking agent;
soaking grass seeds in the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution, and then sowing.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide in a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, stirring uniformly, and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for 4-5h to obtain a water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite;
wherein the proportion of humic acid, montmorillonite, acrylamide and sodium hydroxide solution is 0.3-0.5g:0.1-0.4g, 10-14g, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-0.2mol/L.
Preferably, the initiator is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate, and the addition amount of the initiator is 2-4% of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent is N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, and the addition amount of the cross-linking agent is 0.5-1% of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of a water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 40-50 parts of plant fiber and 8-10 parts of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
Modifying the plant fiber by taking a silane coupling agent as a modifier to obtain a pretreated plant fiber;
dispersing the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into an ethanol solution, adding pretreated plant fiber, and reacting at 70-80 ℃ for 6-10h to obtain plant fiber/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with plant fiber/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide to obtain the soil conditioner.
Preferably, in the step 2, the ratio of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A to the ethanol is 0.16-0.25g:100ml.
Preferably, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 12-20 kg/mu.
Preferably, the concentration of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution is 50-100mg/L, and the seed soaking time is 20-24h.
Preferably, the grass seeds are alfalfa seeds or ryegrass seeds.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of applying organic fertilizer before sowing the grass seeds; and (5) performing field management after sowing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the soil conditioner is applied in the treatment process to improve the water retention property and the soil permeability of the soil, the water-retaining agent is prepared by montmorillonite and acrylamide through a crosslinking reaction, the humic acid is added in the preparation process to improve the slow release property of the humic acid, the humic acid can stimulate the growth and development of plants, increase the stress resistance of crops and improve the nutrition condition of the plants, the prepared water-retaining agent can absorb the water in the soil and the air when being used in the soil, the available soil water is increased around plant seeds or root systems after water absorption, the irrigation water consumption is saved, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the soil salinization is improved; in addition, ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide is introduced to the plant fibers, so that the soil porosity is effectively improved, and the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide can promote the growth of plants. And (4) subsequently sowing in the improved soil, and treating the seeds by utilizing ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide to improve the germination rate of the seeds in the saline-alkali soil in order to reduce the influence of the saline-alkali soil on the seeds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the germination rates of seeds under different treatments;
FIG. 2 shows the pH of the soil after different treatments;
FIG. 3 shows the yield of alfalfa after various treatments.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A and the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B used in the invention are the same, and are prepared by referring to the preparation of a magnetic Fe3O4/ZnO core-shell material and the preparation of a degraded tetracycline antibiotic which are published by phyllostatic et al in 2013, volume 30 and phase 9 in applied chemistry. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
nano Fe 3 O 4 The preparation of (1): magnetic Fe prepared by coprecipitation method 3 O 4 Nanoparticles, 1.2g FeCl were weighed separately 3 ·6H 2 O with 0.45g FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O, dissolved in 6mL of 1Obtaining a yellow-green mixed solution in mol/L hydrochloric acid, diluting with 50mL PEG-4000 aqueous solution (the dosage of PEG-4000 is 1.0 g), preparing 50mL (5 percent, volume fraction) of ammonia water, dropwise adding the ammonia water into the yellow-green diluted solution, gradually turning the solution into black, and magnetically stirring for 1h to obtain magnetic Fe 3 O 4 Washing the nano particles with water and alcohol respectively for 3 times after centrifugal separation, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for later use.
Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 Preparation of ZnO core-shell material: weighing 0.16gFe 3 O 4 Dispersing in 130mL deionized water by ultrasonic for 30min, transferring to 40 deg.C constant temperature water bath, and dropwise adding Zn (CH) with certain concentration under electric stirring 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O solution, and continuously stirring for 15min to enable Zn to be contained 2+ Concentrated in Fe 3 O 4 Preparing 20mL ammonia water with the volume ratio of 5% on the surface, and dropwise adding human Fe 3 O 4 With Zn (CH) 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 And reacting for 1h after the dropwise addition of the O in the mixed solution, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a reddish brown precipitate, washing with water and alcohol for 3 times respectively, placing at 80 ℃ to vacuum drying, placing the product in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for calcination for 2h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
Example 1
Applying a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 20 kg/mu, and carrying out rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner and the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 1kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4kg of plant fiber and 1kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.3g of humic acid, 0.2g of montmorillonite and 11g of acrylamide in 100ml of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, adding an initiator potassium persulfate (the addition of the potassium persulfate is 3 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), and a crosslinking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (the addition of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.7 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), stirring uniformly, reacting for 4 hours in a water bath at 60 ℃, cooling to room temperature, repeatedly washing with distilled water, drying at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain the product.
The soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 1kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4kg of plant fiber and 1kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
The method is characterized in that a silane coupling agent KH550 is used as a modifier to modify plant fibers, and the specific modification method is as follows:
adding KH550 into absolute ethanol as a solvent to prepare a KH 550/ethanol solution of 1g/ml, transferring 200ml of the KH 550/ethanol solution into a round-bottom flask, adding 1g of plant fibers, soaking the plant fibers in the KH 550/ethanol solution, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃, taking out the plant fibers after the reaction is finished, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the pretreated plant fibers.
Dispersing 0.25g of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide into 200ml of absolute ethanol solution, adding 1g of pretreated plant fiber, reacting at 80 ℃ for 6 hours, taking out the plant fiber after the reaction is finished, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide);
preparing 4kg of plant fiber and 1kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) according to the steps;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with the plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) to obtain the soil conditioner.
Then applying organic fertilizer in the soil, and sowing the alfalfa seeds 10 days after applying the fertilizer.
Before sowing, the alfalfa seeds are soaked in a ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution with the concentration of 50mg/L for 24 hours. The sowing quantity of the alfalfa is 19kg/hm 2 。
And banning grazing within 2-3 years after sowing, removing weeds in time in the seedling emergence period, and performing topdressing and pest control in the growth period and the jointing stage, such as brown spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphid and the like.
Example 2
Applying a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 12 kg/mu, and performing rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner with the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 0.5kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4.5kg of plant fiber and 0.9kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.4g of humic acid, 0.1g of montmorillonite and 13g of acrylamide in 100ml of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, adding an initiator potassium persulfate (the addition of the potassium persulfate is 4 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), and a crosslinking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (the addition of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 1 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), stirring uniformly, reacting for 5 hours in a water bath at 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, washing repeatedly with distilled water, drying at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain the product.
The soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 0.5kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4.5kg of plant fiber and 0.9kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
The method is characterized in that a silane coupling agent KH550 is used as a modifier to modify plant fibers, and the specific modification method is as follows:
adding KH550 into absolute ethanol as a solvent to prepare a KH 550/ethanol solution of 1g/ml, transferring 200ml of the KH 550/ethanol solution into a round-bottom flask, adding 1g of plant fibers, soaking the plant fibers in the KH 550/ethanol solution, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃, taking out the plant fibers after the reaction is finished, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the pretreated plant fibers.
Dispersing 0.2g of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide into 200ml of absolute ethanol solution, adding 1g of pretreated plant fiber, reacting at 70 ℃ for 10 hours, taking out the plant fiber after the reaction is finished, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide);
preparing 4.5kg of the weighed plant fiber and 0.9kg of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) according to the steps;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with the plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) to obtain the soil conditioner.
Then applying organic fertilizer in the soil, and sowing the alfalfa seeds 10 days after applying the fertilizer.
Before sowing, the alfalfa seeds are soaked in a ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution with the concentration of 100mg/L for 20 hours. The sowing quantity of the alfalfa is 18kg/hm 2 。
And banning grazing within 2-3 years after sowing, removing weeds in time after seedling emergence, and topdressing and controlling diseases and insect pests such as brown spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and the like in the growth period and the jointing period.
Example 3
Applying a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 15 kg/mu, and performing rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner with the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 1kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 5kg of plant fiber and 0.8kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.5g of humic acid, 0.4g of montmorillonite and 14g of acrylamide in 100ml of 0.15mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, adding an initiator potassium persulfate (the addition of the potassium persulfate is 2 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), and a crosslinking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (the addition of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide), stirring uniformly, reacting for 4.5 hours in a water bath at 65 ℃, cooling to room temperature, washing repeatedly with distilled water, drying at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain the composite material.
The soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 1kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 5kg of plant fiber and 0.8kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
The method is characterized in that a silane coupling agent KH550 is used as a modifier to modify plant fibers, and the specific modification method is as follows:
adding KH550 into absolute ethanol serving as a solvent to prepare a KH 550/ethanol solution of 1g/ml, transferring 200ml of the KH 550/ethanol solution into a round-bottom flask, adding 1g of plant fibers, soaking the plant fibers in the KH 550/ethanol solution, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃, taking out the plant fibers after the reaction is finished, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the pretreated plant fibers.
Dispersing 0.16g of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide into 200ml of absolute ethanol solution, adding 1g of pretreated plant fiber, reacting at 75 ℃ for 8h, taking out the plant fiber after the reaction is finished, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide);
preparing 5kg of the weighed plant fiber and 0.8kg of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) according to the steps;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with the plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) to obtain the soil conditioner.
Then applying organic fertilizer in the soil, and sowing the alfalfa seeds 10 days after applying the fertilizer.
Before sowing, the alfalfa seeds are soaked in a ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution with the concentration of 70mg/L for 22 hours. The sowing quantity of the alfalfa is 19kg/hm 2 。
And banning grazing within 2-3 years after sowing, removing weeds in time after seedling emergence, and topdressing and controlling diseases and insect pests such as brown spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and the like in the growth period and the jointing period.
Example 4
Applying a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 15 kg/mu, and performing rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner with the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 1.5kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4kg of plant fiber and 0.8kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
0.3g of humic acid, 0.1g of montmorillonite and 10g of acrylamide are dissolved in 100ml of 0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, after uniform stirring, initiator ammonium persulfate (the addition of ammonium persulfate is 4 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide) and a cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (the addition of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.7 percent of the total mass of the humic acid, the montmorillonite and the acrylamide) are added, after uniform stirring, reaction is carried out in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 5h, cooling is carried out to the room temperature, washing is carried out repeatedly by distilled water, and then drying is carried out at the constant temperature of 50 ℃, and crushing is carried out, thus obtaining the modified humic acid.
The soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 1.5kg of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 4kg of plant fiber and 0.8kg of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
A silane coupling agent KH550 is used as a modifier to modify plant fibers, and the specific modification method is as follows:
adding KH550 into absolute ethanol as a solvent to prepare a KH 550/ethanol solution of 1g/ml, transferring 200ml of the KH 550/ethanol solution into a round-bottom flask, adding 1g of plant fibers, soaking the plant fibers in the KH 550/ethanol solution, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃, taking out the plant fibers after the reaction is finished, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the pretreated plant fibers.
Dispersing 0.2g of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide into 200ml of absolute ethanol solution, adding 1g of pretreated plant fiber, reacting at 75 ℃ for 8h, taking out the plant fiber after the reaction is finished, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide);
preparing 4kg of the weighed plant fiber and 0.8kg of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) according to the steps;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with the plant fiber/(ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide) to obtain the soil conditioner.
Then applying organic fertilizer in the soil, and sowing rye grass seeds 10 days after applying the fertilizer.
Before sowing, the ryegrass seeds are soaked in ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution (concentration: 0, 50, 70 and 100 mg/L) for 24 hours. The seeding rate of the ryegrass is 20kg/hm 2 。
And banning grazing within 2-3 years after sowing, removing weeds in time after seedling emergence, and topdressing and controlling diseases and insect pests such as brown spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and the like in the growth period and the jointing period.
Comparative example 1
The soil conditioner was the same as in example 2 except that no montmorillonite was added.
Salt stress is adopted to simulate soil salinization, the used treatment solution is NaCl solution with the concentration of 1.5%, alfalfa seeds are soaked in ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solutions with different concentrations and then repeatedly washed for 5 times, the alfalfa seeds are evenly placed into a culture dish which is sterilized and then paved with double layers of filter paper, 10ml of the treatment solution is added, and 10ml of the treatment solution is supplemented into each group of culture dish every other day during the test period. Each treatment group was replicated three times. The germination rate was recorded.
Germination rate = number of seeds normally germinated on day 10/number of test seeds 100%
The result is shown in fig. 1, after the alfalfa seeds are soaked in the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution, the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds is effectively improved, namely the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide has a certain promotion effect on the germination of the alfalfa seeds.
After 10 months of treatment according to the treatment methods of example 2 and comparative example 1, the pH value and the total amount of water-soluble salts of the soil before and after the treatment were measured, and they are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the pH of the soil is reduced by the remediation method of the present invention as compared to prior to remediation.
Harvesting in the 2 nd year of planting, harvesting for three times in the first ten days of June, the last ten days of July and the first ten days of October respectively, keeping the height of the stubble at 5cm, and weighing fresh grass after harvesting, as shown in figure 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the treatment of the grass by the treatment method of the present invention promotes the growth of plants and increases the yield of pasture.
It should be noted that in the treatment process, organic fertilizer is needed to be applied before grass seeds are sown, and the organic fertilizer used in the invention is decomposed manure.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the secondary salinized grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
applying a soil conditioner into the soil, and carrying out rotary tillage to uniformly mix the soil conditioner and the soil;
the soil conditioner consists of 5-15 parts by weight of water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 40-50 parts by weight of plant fiber and 8-10 parts by weight of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A; the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide under the action of an initiator and a cross-linking agent;
soaking grass seeds in the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution, and then sowing.
2. The secondary saline-alkaline grassland treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide in a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, stirring uniformly, and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for 4-5h to obtain a water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite;
wherein the proportion of humic acid, montmorillonite, acrylamide and sodium hydroxide solution is 0.3-0.5g:0.1-0.4g, 10-14g, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-0.2mol/L.
3. The method for controlling the secondary salinization grassland as claimed in claim 2, wherein the initiator is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate, and the addition amount of the initiator is 2-4% of the total mass of humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide.
4. The method for controlling the secondary salinization grassland as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cross-linking agent is N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide, and the addition amount of the cross-linking agent is 0.5-1% of the total mass of humic acid, montmorillonite and acrylamide.
5. The secondary saline-alkaline grassland reclamation method as recited in claim 1, wherein the soil amendment is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of a water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite, 40-50 parts of plant fiber and 8-10 parts of ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A;
step 2, raw material pretreatment
Modifying the plant fiber by taking a silane coupling agent as a modifier to obtain a pretreated plant fiber;
dispersing the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A into an ethanol solution, adding pretreated plant fiber, and reacting at 70-80 ℃ for 6-10h to obtain plant fiber/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide;
and 3, mixing the water-retaining agent containing humic acid and montmorillonite with plant fiber/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide to obtain the soil conditioner.
6. The method for controlling the secondary saline-alkali grassland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the ratio of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material A to the ethanol is 0.16-0.25g:100ml.
7. The method for managing the secondary saline-alkali grassland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the soil improvement agent is 12-20 kg/mu.
8. The secondary saline-alkaline grassland treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material B solution is 50-100mg/L, and the seed soaking time is 20-24h.
9. The method for managing the secondary saline-alkaline grassland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are alfalfa seeds or ryegrass seeds.
10. The secondary saline-alkaline grassland reclamation method as recited in claim 1, further comprising applying an organic fertilizer before sowing the grass seeds; and (5) performing field management after sowing.
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