CN117417749A - Environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation and application thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117417749A CN117417749A CN202311216602.6A CN202311216602A CN117417749A CN 117417749 A CN117417749 A CN 117417749A CN 202311216602 A CN202311216602 A CN 202311216602A CN 117417749 A CN117417749 A CN 117417749A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The water and soil conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner comprises the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer; wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of xanthan gum and 1-3 parts of amino modified coconut fiber; the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 20-40 parts of starch and 80-100 parts of acrylamide. The water and soil conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the compactness of surface soil and improving the water and fertilizer conservation capacity of soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation and application.
Background
The water and soil loss refers to the phenomenon that rainwater cannot be absorbed in situ, flows downwards in a proper state and washes out soil due to the influence of natural or artificial factors, so that the water and the soil are lost simultaneously. The main reasons are large ground gradient, improper land utilization, ground vegetation destruction, unreasonable cultivation technique, loose soil, deforestation, transitional grazing and the like.
The vegetation planting is used as an effective soil management method, so that water and soil loss, forest and grass vegetation can be effectively reduced, raindrop scouring can be effectively weakened, a soil structure is protected, meanwhile, a large amount of water is contained in the vegetation, and further the yield of runoff sediment is reduced. For example, alfalfa is a leguminous forage grass, a water and soil conservation plant species and an excellent green manure crop which are commonly planted in northwest regions of China and are large in area, plays an important role in ecological benefit and economic benefit, has wide adaptability, can grow in various terrains and soil, can play roles in preventing wind, fixing sand and fixing soil, and can prevent water and soil loss.
However, the vegetation is just grown in the initial stage of planting, the root system of the vegetation is undeveloped, and at this moment, once precipitation occurs, water and soil loss is very easy to cause, and because the root system on the surface of the vegetation is undeveloped, when the water and soil loss occurs on the surface, the vegetation is very easy to be washed away by rainwater after the water and soil loss, so that the protection effect cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation and application thereof, which improves the compactness of surface soil and improves the water and fertilizer conservation capability of soil.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner, which comprises, from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of xanthan gum and 1-3 parts of amino modified coconut fiber;
the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 20-40 parts of starch and 80-100 parts of acrylamide.
Preferably, the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared according to the following steps:
dispersing KH550 in the mixed solution of ethanol and water, adding coconut fiber, and stirring at 50-60deg.C to obtain amino modified coconut fiber.
Preferably, the stirring time is 2-3 hours.
Preferably, the ratio of the coconut fiber to the mixed solution is 1g to 100ml, and the mass fraction of KH550 is 1-2% of the mass of the coconut fiber; the volume of ethanol and water in the mixed solution is 9:1.
Preferably, the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to prepare fertilizer solution; dispersing diatomite in a fertilizer solution, and oscillating at room temperature to obtain a diatomite-loaded fertilizer;
and step 2, after gelatinizing the starch, adding a cross-linking agent, adding acrylamide and sodium hydroxide, uniformly stirring, adding diatomite loaded fertilizer and an initiator, and stirring to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
Preferably, in step 1, the concentration of the fertilizer solution is 20-30mg/ml; the proportion of diatomite to fertilizer solution is 1g:100ml; the oscillation time is 24-30h.
Preferably, in the step 2, the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05-0.06:0.03-0.04; the stirring temperature is 70-75 ℃, and the stirring time is 4-5h.
Preferably, the plant fiber layer has a laying thickness of 1-3cm, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 25-35kg/hm 2 。
A second object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner in the planting of pasture grass, which is alfalfa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an environment-friendly soil agent for water and soil conservation, which comprises a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the plant fiber layer and the water-retaining fertilizer are arranged from top to bottom. The plant fiber layer is composed of xanthan gum and amino modified coconut fiber, the surface of the coconut fiber is provided with amino after modification treatment, the surface of the xanthan gum is provided with carboxyl, ionic reaction occurs, meanwhile, ionic bonds are formed between the xanthan gum and soil particles, the contact between the soil particles is tighter under the combined action of the xanthan gum and the soil particles, compact surface soil is formed on the surface of the soil, and the water and soil retaining capacity is better;
the preparation of the water-retaining fertilizer is carried out by loading the fertilizer with diatomite, and then crosslinking and polymerizing the diatomite, starch and acrylamide to form the water-retaining fertilizer. The diatomite is added to be beneficial to improving the water absorption rate and the water retention capacity of the water-retaining fertilizer on one hand and can be used for loading the fertilizer to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining layer on the other hand, so that nutrients and moisture are further provided for plant growth, and the plant growth is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the water retention of different water retention fertilizers;
FIG. 2 shows nitrogen release efficiency of different water-retaining fertilizers;
FIG. 3 shows germination rates of alfalfa under different treatment conditions;
FIG. 4 shows the main root length of alfalfa under different treatment conditions;
FIG. 5 is the dry weight of alfalfa under different treatment conditions.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used by the invention is purchased from Xuzhou Fengchun biological organic fertilizer technology development Co., ltd, and the content of active ingredients is 45 percent, N: p (P) 2 O 5 ：K 2 The O-nutrient ratio is 15:15:15.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation, which comprises the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20g of xanthan gum and 20g of amino modified coconut fiber; mixing xanthan gum with amino modified coconut fiber to obtain a plant fiber layer;
the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethanol and water according to a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 1g of coconut fiber, and weighing KH550 according to 1% of the mass of the coconut fiber for later use;
KH550 was dispersed in 100ml of the above mixed solution, 1g of coconut fiber was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60℃for 2 hours to obtain amino-modified coconut fiber.
The water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300g of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 400g of starch and 1000g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to obtain fertilizer solution with concentration of 20 mg/ml; dispersing 1g of diatomite in 100ml of fertilizer solution, and oscillating for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain diatomite-loaded fertilizer; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. The test was performed by HPLC. Drug loading LC/% =m 1 /m 2 ×100
Wherein: LC is drug loading,%; m is m 1 The weight of the diatomite loaded fertilizer is mg; m is m 2 Is the total mass of the diatomite loaded fertilizer, mg. Calculation shows that diatomite is negativeThe loading rate of the fertilizer is 32.57%;
step 2, according to the proportion of starch to water of 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, diatomite loaded fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out for 4h at 70 ℃ to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05:0.03.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, a water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 30kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing the plant fiber layer with soil, sowing alfalfa seeds after watering thoroughly, and then applying a plant fiber layer, wherein the covering thickness of the plant fiber layer is 1cm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation, which comprises the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10g of xanthan gum and 10g of amino modified coconut fiber; mixing xanthan gum with amino modified coconut fiber to obtain a plant fiber layer;
the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethanol and water according to a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 1g of coconut fiber, and weighing KH550 according to 2% of the mass of the coconut fiber for later use;
KH550 was dispersed in 100ml of the above mixed solution, 1g of coconut fiber was added, and the mixture was stirred at 50℃for 3 hours to obtain amino-modified coconut fiber.
The water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200g of diatomite-loaded fertilizer, 300g of starch and 900g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to obtain fertilizer solution with concentration of 30mg/ml; dispersing 1g of diatomite in 100ml of fertilizer solution, and oscillating for 30 hours at room temperature to obtain diatomite-loaded fertilizer; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Step 2, according to the proportion of starch to water of 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 75 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, diatomite loaded fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out at 75 ℃ for 4h to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.06:0.04.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, a water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 35kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing the plant fiber layer with soil, sowing alfalfa seeds after watering thoroughly, and then applying a plant fiber layer, wherein the covering thickness of the plant fiber layer is 2cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation, which comprises the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30g of xanthan gum and 30g of amino modified coconut fiber; mixing xanthan gum with amino modified coconut fiber to obtain a plant fiber layer;
the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethanol and water according to a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 1g of coconut fiber, and weighing KH550 according to 1.5% of the mass of the coconut fiber for later use;
KH550 was dispersed in 100ml of the above mixed solution, 1g of coconut fiber was added, and the mixture was stirred at 55℃for 2.5 hours to obtain amino-modified coconut fiber.
The water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250g of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 200g of starch and 800g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to obtain fertilizer solution with the concentration of 25 mg/ml; dispersing 1g of diatomite in 100ml of fertilizer solution, and oscillating for 28 hours at room temperature to obtain diatomite-loaded fertilizer; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Step 2, according to the proportion of starch to water of 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 73 ℃, after the crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, diatomite loaded fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, stirring is carried out at 73 ℃ for 4.5h, and the water-retaining fertilizer is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the crosslinking agent is 1:0.055:0.035.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 25kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing the plant fiber layer with soil, sowing alfalfa seeds after watering thoroughly, and then applying a plant fiber layer, wherein the coverage thickness of the plant fiber layer is 3cm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an environment-friendly soil conditioner for water and soil conservation, which comprises the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20g of xanthan gum and 30g of amino modified coconut fiber; mixing xanthan gum with amino modified coconut fiber to obtain a plant fiber layer;
the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethanol and water according to a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 1g of coconut fiber, and weighing KH550 according to 2% of the mass of the coconut fiber for later use;
KH550 was dispersed in 100ml of the above mixed solution, 1g of coconut fiber was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60℃for 2 hours to obtain amino-modified coconut fiber.
The water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250g of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 200g of starch and 800g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to obtain fertilizer solution with concentration of 20 mg/ml; dispersing 1g of diatomite in 100ml of fertilizer solution, and oscillating for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain diatomite-loaded fertilizer; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Step 2, according to the proportion of starch to water of 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 75 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, diatomite loaded fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out at 75 ℃ for 4.5h to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05:0.03.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 25kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing the plant fiber layer with soil, sowing alfalfa seeds after watering thoroughly, and then applying a plant fiber layer, wherein the coverage thickness of the plant fiber layer is 3cm.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a water-retaining fertilizer, which is different from example 1 in that no diatomite is added, and the preparation method is as follows:
the ratio of starch to water is 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out for 4h at 70 ℃ to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05:0.03. the fertilizer addition in this comparative example was calculated from the drug loading formula as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that this comparative example was only applied with a water-retaining fertilizer; the specific mode is as follows:
the comparative example provides a soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner which is a water conservation fertilizer;
the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300g of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 400g of starch and 1000g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to obtain fertilizer solution with concentration of 20 mg/ml; dispersing 1g of diatomite in 100ml of fertilizer solution, and oscillating for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain diatomite-loaded fertilizer; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. The test was performed by HPLC. Drug loading LC/% =m 1 /m 2 ×100
Wherein: LC is drug loading,%; m is m 1 The weight of the diatomite loaded fertilizer is mg; m is m 2 Is the total mass of the diatomite loaded fertilizer, mg. The calculation shows that the loading rate of the diatomite loaded fertilizer is 32.57%;
step 2, according to the proportion of starch to water of 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, diatomite loaded fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out for 4h at 70 ℃ to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05:0.03.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, a water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 30kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing with soil, watering thoroughly, and sowing alfalfa seeds.
Comparative example 3
The water-retaining fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 is adopted in the comparative example. Other conditions were the same as in example 1. The specific mode is as follows:
the present comparative example provides a soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner, which comprises from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20g of xanthan gum and 20g of amino modified coconut fiber; mixing xanthan gum with amino modified coconut fiber to obtain a plant fiber layer;
the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethanol and water according to a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 1g of coconut fiber, and weighing KH550 according to 1% of the mass of the coconut fiber for later use;
KH550 was dispersed in 100ml of the above mixed solution, 1g of coconut fiber was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60℃for 2 hours to obtain amino-modified coconut fiber.
The water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300g of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 400g of starch and 1000g of acrylamide.
The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
the ratio of starch to water is 1g:10ml of starch and water are weighed, the weighed starch is placed in a beaker, water is added for gelatinization treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min, the system temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, after the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is added for uniform stirring, acrylamide is added, then sodium hydroxide is added for regulating the pH value of the solution to 7, after uniform stirring, fertilizer and initiator ammonium persulfate are added, and stirring is carried out for 4h at 70 ℃ to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05:0.03.
when the soil and water conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner of the comparative example is used, firstly deep ploughing is carried out on soil for 20-25cm, after 2 days of airing, water-retaining fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 30kg/hm 2 Uniformly mixing the plant fiber layer with soil, sowing alfalfa seeds after watering thoroughly, and then applying a plant fiber layer, wherein the covering thickness of the plant fiber layer is 1cm.
The water retention and slow release properties of the water retention fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested:
weighing a certain amount of dried and crushed water-retaining fertilizer sample, recording the mass of the water-retaining fertilizer sample as M, placing the water-retaining fertilizer sample in a beaker, adding a proper amount of distilled water, standing for a period of time, filtering unadsorbed free water by using a sieve with the aperture of 0.147mm after the resin is fully swelled, weighing the mass of the water-retaining fertilizer after water absorption saturation, and recording the mass of the water-retaining fertilizer sample as M. The water absorption rate A of the water-retaining fertilizer is calculated according to the following steps:
weighing a certain mass of water-absorbing and saturated water-retaining fertilizer, and recording the mass as N. The mixture was allowed to stand at 25℃for 1,3,5,7 and 11 days to give a mass n. The water retention B was calculated as follows:
the slow release performance of the fertilizer is measured by adopting an in-water dissolution method for measuring the nitrogen release rate. The content of nitrogen element in the fertilizer is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. 1.0g of sample is accurately weighed, placed in a 300-mesh non-woven fabric mesh bag, placed in a plastic bottle containing 50mL of distilled water, sealed and placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator at 25 ℃, the plastic bottle is taken out respectively at intervals of 1,3,5,7, 14, 21 and 28d, and 10mL of solution is accurately measured for measurement. Distilled water was added again to keep the amount of solvent unchanged.
Table 1 results of performance test of water-retaining fertilizer
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1, in the preparation of the water-retaining fertilizer in example 1, diatomite is added as an inorganic nano filler, and graft polymerization is performed with an organic monomer, so that the crosslinking density of the water-retaining fertilizer is effectively improved, the water absorption rate can reach 343.1g/g, and the water absorption rate has a certain constraint effect on absorbed water due to the crosslinked network structure of the water-retaining fertilizer, so that the water-retaining fertilizer shows a stronger retention capacity, and compared with comparative example 1, the water retention rate is improved by 8.6% after diatomite is added in example 1.
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 2, the nitrogen release rate of the water-retaining fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 was 73% on day 28, whereas the nitrogen release rate of the water-retaining fertilizer prepared in example 1 was significantly lower than that of the water-retaining fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1, and 60% on day 28, and the water-retaining fertilizer prepared in example had a slower nutrient release rate and a good slow release effect, and the slow release effect of the water-retaining fertilizer was further improved by the diatomite-loaded fertilizer. In fig. 1-2, the data were T-checked using SPSS27.0 software, indicating significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
Experimental place is located in the Ansai district stone kiln ditch of Yanan city of Shaanxi province, and district area is 4m×3m=12m 2 Alfalfa was planted according to the methods of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, 3 treatment groups were used, 5 replicates were set for each treatment, the number of seed germination was recorded by observation every day, the total number of germination was counted after the seed germination was constant, and the germination rate was calculated. Selecting 3 1m in each cell in first-crop initial period 2 The aerial parts of the plants are cut, and are dried to obtain alfalfa dry weight, and the root system length is measured, and the result is shown in figures 3-5.
As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 5, planting alfalfa according to the method of example 1 effectively increases the germination rate, and is beneficial to the growth of alfalfa, while comparative example 1 lacks a plant fiber layer, comparative example 2 lacks diatomite in the water-retaining fertilizer, and alfalfa has a germination rate and a growth condition worse than that of example 1, which indicates that the water-soil conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner provided by the invention is indispensable, and the water-retaining fertilizer according to the preparation method of the invention can be beneficial to the growth of plants. The data were analyzed by single-factor ANOVA (single-factor ANOVA) using SPSS27.0 software, and the differences in minimum significance difference (1east significant difference,LSD) and the germination rate, root length and dry weight of alfalfa were selected for the wald-duncan comparison. In fig. 3-5, the different lowercase letters indicate that the differences between treatments are significant (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, the plant fiber layer is utilized to form compact surface soil on the surface of the soil, so that alfalfa seeds are prevented from being blown away due to weather, and the alfalfa seeds are facilitated to root. Meanwhile, besides interaction with coconut fiber and soil, the xanthan gum in the plant fiber layer can promote seed germination. And secondly, the water-retaining fertilizer has the property of retaining water and fertilizer, provides nutrients and moisture for the growth of alfalfa, promotes the growth of seedlings and improves the yield. The plant fiber layer and the water-retaining fertilizer are synergistic, which is beneficial to the stable growth of alfalfa in the plant fiber layer and the water-retaining fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of retaining water and retaining fertilizer. When the environment-friendly soil conditioner is used, soil is deeply ploughed, then water-retaining fertilizer is applied to the soil for uniform mixing, pasture seeds are sowed after the soil is watered thoroughly, and then plant fiber layers are applied. The water and soil conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner can be used for repairing slopes, soil improvement, vegetation restoration and the like.
The alfalfa used in the invention is Algang gold, and the sowing amount of the alfalfa is 15kg/hm 2 The row spacing is 30cm, and the sowing depth is 3cm.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The water and soil conservation environment-friendly soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components from top to bottom: a plant fiber layer and a water-retaining fertilizer;
wherein the plant fiber layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of xanthan gum and 1-3 parts of amino modified coconut fiber;
the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of diatomite loaded fertilizer, 20-40 parts of starch and 80-100 parts of acrylamide.
2. The soil conditioner for soil conservation and environmental protection according to claim 1, wherein the amino modified coconut fiber is prepared by the following steps:
dispersing KH550 in the mixed solution of ethanol and water, adding coconut fiber, and stirring at 50-60deg.C to obtain amino modified coconut fiber.
3. The soil conditioner for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, wherein the stirring time is 2-3 hours.
4. The soil conditioner for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the coconut fiber to the mixed solution is 1g to 100ml, and the mass fraction of KH550 is 1-2% of the mass of the coconut fiber; the volume of ethanol and water in the mixed solution is 9:1.
5. The soil conditioner for soil and water conservation and environmental protection according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing diatomite loaded fertilizer:
dispersing fertilizer in water to prepare fertilizer solution; dispersing diatomite in a fertilizer solution, and oscillating at room temperature to obtain a diatomite-loaded fertilizer;
and step 2, after gelatinizing the starch, adding a cross-linking agent, acrylamide and sodium hydroxide, uniformly stirring, adding diatomite loaded fertilizer and an initiator, and stirring to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
6. The soil conditioner for soil and water conservation according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1, the concentration of the fertilizer solution is 20-30mg/ml; the proportion of diatomite to fertilizer solution is 1g:100ml; the oscillation time is 24-30h.
7. The environment-friendly soil conditioner for soil and water conservation according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the initiator to the cross-linking agent is 1:0.05-0.06:0.03-0.04; the stirring temperature is 70-75 ℃, and the stirring time is 4-5h.
8. The soil conditioner for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, wherein the plant fiber layer has a laying thickness of 1-3cm and the water-retaining fertilizer is applied in an amount of 25-35kg/hm 2 。
9. Use of the soil and water conservation environmental protection soil conditioner of any one of claims 1-8 in pasture planting, wherein the pasture is alfalfa.
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