RU2710982C1 - Agro-meliorative method of fixing movable sands of desertified lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to phytomelioration methods. Method involves fixation of sand by planting of non-leafy and sand oyster seedlings, which are planted on open sands. Manual seedlings are applied, after which, along the entire length of planting, on both sides, paired reed ligaments are laid – sheaves, fascia, with pre-scattered and followed by filling of the mixture of grass seeds in the whole area of the complex. Soil from the recess under the young plant is mixed with hydrogel and watered. Entire planting surface and reed ligaments are soaked with nutrient-binding composition consisting of, %: carboxymethyl cellulose – 10–15, sheep manure – 10–15, the rest – water.EFFECT: method provides optimal conditions for vegetation growing for sand fixation on sandy soils in desert and semi-deserts zone.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, in particular to methods of phytomelioration of desert lands that contribute to the agricultural development of sands, the creation of protective plantings of newly developed lands, the fastening of mobile sands along railways and highways, the restoration of woody and shrubbery on sands in order to increase pasture productivity , as well as providing work on fixing sand in the construction of pipelines.

The fixing of moving sands is carried out by mechanical, chemical, biological or combined methods. Directory agroforestry / G. Ya. Matthys [and others] - M., 1984; Forest crops: textbook. / AR. Rodin [et al.]. - M., 2001.

Long-term experiments on the development and protection of desertified lands by phytomelioration methods are known:

- protection of sand dunes by the culture of saxaul and Circassian by sowing a mixture of seeds without seeding or planting seedlings, and on shallow-sandy sands along the collector by scatter or lower seeding with seeding, planting cuttings of the Kandyma culture, seedlings and cuttings are planted on the windward sides. Berezin V.L. "Overhaul of trunk pipelines";

-the territory of bumpy or sand dunes is fixed by sowing herbs, saxaul for the purpose of natural self-growth. Kashina V.I. "Dust protection of compressor station equipment."

There is a method of fixing sand by planting large-sized seedlings of teresken using wings from reed slabs, which includes working on open sands using gray teresken as a sand-strengthening crop and sowing a barbed prostrate, Siberian grain, protected from falling asleep from the wings of teresken (patent RU 2053617 02/10/1996).

These measures do not ensure the survival of plants due to falling asleep with sand or exposure of the root system, depending on the wind regime, lack of moisture and, as a result, significant death of seedlings.

Known patent 2 587 705 RU from 06.20.2016. with a description of the method of fixing open sands in the centers of deflation with a large amplitude of the fluctuation of the relief, including planting on open sands. Leafless juzgun is used as a phytomeliorant, which is planted on open sand dunes with a large amplitude of relief fluctuations. In this case, manual planting of seedlings or seedlings of juzgun 5.0 m (width) × 1.5 m (length) - 1333 pcs / ha, carried out under the protection of decomposition along the entire length of the planting of mats from reeds or Southern Reed of 1.2 m × 6.0 m, at the place of manual planting of dzhuzgun, rolls of 10 cm in diameter are created from them, which makes it possible to lay a string of 70 m long from one reed mat. Planting seedlings of dzhuzgun leafless is carried out in October and November, or in March and until mid-April, or December across the direction of erosion-hazardous winds of the southeast direction, i.e. the main orientation of the rows is north-south or along sand chains, across the main harmful wind rose with a row width of 25-30 m, planting depth of at least 40 cm. Coarse-grained planting material is used on shallow, medium-gravel and coarse-grained sands with a significant stock of transportable sand and increase the planting depth not less than 70-80 cm or more.

The closest in essence to the proposed method of phytomelioration selected the invention, which was adopted by us as a prototype, patent 2 576 062 RU from 02.27.2016.

A method of phytomelioration of degraded lands on open sand massifs, including planting leafless juzgun, prostratus rod, Siberian grain, characterized in that large-sized leafless juzgun cuttings are planted along the axes of the tapes, while the soil is treated at a depth of 35-40 cm with 1.4 m wide tapes , and the distance between the axes of the tapes is 5 m, after which, to protect the dzhuzgun seedlings from falling asleep with sand, roll curtains of ordinary reed are used, laid on the surface of the soil along rows of uzguna and fixed by wind drift wire pins.

All of these methods have a common significant drawback. The arid climate in sandy, desert zones creates negative conditions for phyto-reclamation activities. The absence of the necessary complex of nutrients and sufficient moisture in the soil for survival, germination and development of planting material poses a threat of drying out and death of phytomeliorants.

The technical task of the invention is the creation of an irrigation and drainage method, which will increase fertility, will allow for a long time to maintain high humidity, providing nutrition and moisture for planting material for survival and germination, and will create a durable, weather-resistant, favorable agro-reclamation complex for the development of phytomeliorants for fixing and protect sands from deflation.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of optimal conditions for growing on sandy soils in the desert zone and semi-desert vegetation for fixing sand.

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of phytomelioration of desert lands in the Caspian lowland.

This task is achieved by land reclamation measures in the implementation of the method of fixing open sands. Leafless juzgun is used as a phytomeliorant, which is planted on open sands. Loose sands are fixed with the help of sandy oats (kiyak) - a perennial rhizome plant resistant to falling asleep and blowing. In this case, a manual planting of seedlings of dzhuzgun or sandy oats (kiyak) to a depth of at least 50 cm is used. The soil from the excavation under the seedling is mixed with hydrogel (a means in the form of granules for holding and stabilizing moisture in the soil) in a ratio of 1:10 and watered. Upon contact with water, individual particles of the granulate swell to form gel particles and retain water and dissolved plant nutrients from the soil. Even when applied to a depth of 50 cm, the hydrogel reaches maximum swelling at the existing soil pressure and maintains the functional effectiveness of the soil for many years - in natural soils for 5 years. Absorbency and immediate wettability of the hydrogel are possible even after repeated drying of the granules. The accumulated water and dissolved nutrients are accumulated in the hydrogel and can be used by the plant in full if necessary. The drug thus creates a constant supply of water, which the plant needs. Next, along the entire length of the planting, paired reed bundles (sheaves, fascines) are laid out on both sides, the shape of these bundles has a small windage, 1.5 m wide on each side, previously scattering a mixture of grass seeds along the entire area of the complex. In dry steppes and semi-deserts, wheatgrass, alfalfa, sainfoin are used. The entire surface of the planting and sheaves (fascines) is abundantly watered with a nutrient-binding composition, achieving wetting of the entire area. The composition has binding properties that ensure the creation of a single durable sustainable complex to combat desertification and sand fixing. The introduction of a nutrient-binder mixture directly during sowing of the seed layer with subsequent seeding allows for a long time to maintain high humidity in the seed sowing zone, which ensures their swelling and germination, as well as provides seedlings with nutrition and moisture, allows you to keep the soil structure undisturbed, which reduces its wind and water erosion. Planting grass seedlings and seedlings is carried out in October, November or December in moist soil across the direction of erosion-hazardous winds with two strips of the complex at a distance of 6 m.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that a hydrogel preparation is used, which is polymer granules — acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers based on potassium salt, when soaked with water, the granules swell to a gel state and a nutrient-binding mixture, including,%:

- carboxymethyl cellulose - 10-15

- sheep manure - 10-15

- the rest is water.

The main property of carboxymethyl cellulose is the ability to form a viscous colloidal solution, which does not lose its properties for a long time and is a valuable substance for the preparation of moisturizing agents for soils. Carboxymethyl cellulose is soluble in water and is a surfactant that is able to serve as an emulsifier. In addition, carboxymethyl cellulose is a technological substance with the properties of a thickener, which helps to regulate the viscosity and maintain the structure, is used in the chemical, food, construction, medical industries, and is available on the market.

The second component of the nutrient mixture - sheep manure is characterized by a high nitrogen content, which increases its nutritional properties. In sheep manure, water - 65%, organic matter - up to 33%, nitrogen - 0.8%, potassium - 0.7%, phosphorus - 0.2%. The advantage of sheep manure over other species is its versatility, the ability to decompose even in heavy soils, and economical consumption. Sheep manure is a hot species. When it decomposes, heat is released. Therefore, it must be used in a rotated form. The availability of this component as a local raw material resource in the conditions of the Caspian lowland is evident in connection with developed livestock production.

Our proposed irrigation and drainage method of fixing the moving sands of desert lands is an improved unique method that provides increased fertility, allows you to maintain high humidity for a long time, provides nutrition and moisture for planting material for planting and germination, allows you to keep the soil structure intact, which reduces its wind and water erosion and thereby creates a durable, resistant to climatic conditions, favorable for the development of phyto eliorantov agroforestry system for securing and protecting the sands of deflation.

Claims (1)

An agro-reclamation method for fixing movable sands of deserted lands, including fixing sand by planting seedlings of leafless juzgun, sandy oats, which are planted on open sands, characterized in that they use manual planting of seedlings, after which paired reed bundles are laid out on both sides from the sides - , fashions, with preliminary scattered with subsequent seeding over the entire area of the complex of a mixture of grass seeds, while the soil from the excavation under the seedling is mixed with hydrogel and watered, and the whole the planting surface and reed ligaments are moistened with a nutrient-binding composition consisting of,%: carboxymethyl cellulose - 10-15, sheep manure - 10-15, the rest is water.