CN111492742B - Desertification control method of degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil - Google Patents
Desertification control method of degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a desertification control method of degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adding a binder solution prepared from a high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder and water into a fertilizer seed soil mixture consisting of a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, grass seeds and sandy soil, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; secondly, preparing a natural polymer material solution and a cross-linking agent solution; thirdly, spraying the cross-linking agent solution on the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate; fourthly, adding the prefabricated semi-finished product of the fertilizer seed soil aggregate into the natural polymer material solution to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel; fifthly, the gel of the fertilizer and seed soil is soaked in water and then is sowed on the surface layer of the sand. The invention provides humidity and temperature conditions for grass seeds by utilizing the water absorption and retention characteristics of the gel, improves the survival rate of the grass seeds, solves the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention performance of the sand and difficult growth of the grass seeds caused by large temperature difference, and is suitable for the treatment of degraded grass fields, flowing sand fields, semi-flowing sand fields and fixed sand fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of desertification control, and particularly relates to a desertification control method of degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil.
Background
The desertification of the land refers to the phenomenon that the surface soil gradually becomes sandy due to the loss of fine grains (powder grains and sticky grains) caused by soil erosion, or the soil is invaded by quicksand (silt), so that the organic matter content of the land is reduced, and the productivity is reduced or even lost. The causes of land desertification include natural factors such as climate and the like, and causes of human activities such as excessive grazing, excessive cutting and deforestation, wasteland reclamation, rat damage, unreasonable utilization of water resources and the like.
The common methods for treating the desertification of the land comprise enclosure culture and natural recovery, grass square grid sand fixation and grass planting and liquid mulching film, and have better treatment effect. However, the enclosure cultivation period is long, the labor cost for planting grass in grass grids for sand fixation is high, the cost of the liquid mulching film is high, and the liquid mulching film has bad residues, so that the treatment work of land desertification is limited by the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a desertification control method of degradable integrated fertilizer soil aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material gel is coated on the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules formed by bonding the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the grass seeds and the sand soil to form the fertilizer seed soil gel, the water-absorbing and water-retaining characteristics of the gel are utilized to provide continuous and stable humidity conditions and temperature conditions for the grass seeds, the survival rate of the grass seeds is improved, the problem that the grass seeds are difficult to grow due to the fact that the sand land does not have a soil structure, is poor in water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining performance and is large in temperature difference is solved, and the method is suitable for controlling the sand lands such as degraded grass lands, flowing sand lands, semi-flowing sand lands and fixed sand lands.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a desertification control method of degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding 20-80 parts by mass of a high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder and 80-300 parts by mass of water into a container, uniformly stirring to obtain a binder solution, then uniformly stirring 20-150 parts by mass of a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts by mass of grass seeds and 20-50 parts by mass of sandy soil to obtain a fertilizer seed soil mixture, and then adding the binder solution into the fertilizer seed soil mixture, uniformly stirring to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step two, dissolving the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material and then uniformly mixing to obtain a natural high-molecular material solution, adding a cross-linking agent corresponding to the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material into water to dissolve and uniformly mix to obtain a cross-linking agent solution;
step three, uniformly spraying the cross-linking agent solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the natural polymer material solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel;
and step five, soaking the fertilizer seed soil gel obtained in the step four in water, and uniformly spreading the fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand.
The invention firstly adds a binder solution formed by mixing a high molecular water-soluble bio-based binder and water into a fertilizer seed soil mixture uniformly mixed by humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, grass seeds and sandy soil, so that the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the grass seeds and the sandy soil are mutually bonded to form prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules with certain tiny pores and stable structures, wherein the sandy soil avoids the phenomenon that the grass seeds are burnt and can not germinate due to excessive contact between the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the grass seeds, then a cross-linking agent solution is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the prefabricated seed soil granules to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated seed soil granules, after the semi-finished product of the prefabricated seed soil granules is added into a natural high molecular water-absorbing material solution, the pores on the surface of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated seed soil granules are soaked and adsorbed with the natural high molecular water-absorbing material solution, and have cross-linking effect with the cross-linking agent solution on the surface of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated seed soil granules to form a high molecular three-dimensional network structure which is attached and wrapped on the prefabricated seed soil granules, because the content of the cross-linking agent solution on the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate is limited, only the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material solution in contact with the cross-linking agent solution can be cross-linked to form gel, the gel formed by cross-linking further isolates the contact of the cross-linking agent solution and the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material solution on the outer layer of the gel, so that a sphere with the gel as a shell and the fertilizer seed soil aggregate as a core is formed, meanwhile, the specific gravity of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate is greater than that of the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material solution, so that a suspended or settled sphere is formed in the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material solution, and the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material solution adhered to the outer layer of the block is removed by filtering and cleaning, so that the fertilizer seed soil gel is obtained.
Because the macromolecule three-dimensional network structure of the gel shell of the fertilizer seed soil gel has excellent swelling, water absorbing and water retaining performance and can absorb more than hundred times of the self weight of water, the fertilizer seed soil gel is soaked in the water before being spread to fully absorb water and swell, the fertilizer seed soil gel forms slurry consisting of fertilizer, seeds and sand in the body, after being uniformly spread on the surface layer of the sand, each fertilizer seed soil gel forms a microenvironment system simulating the growth condition of the grass seeds in the sand, the grass seeds germinate and grow under the action of the water, the fertilizer, the air and the sunlight, because of the concentration difference of the fertilizer in the slurry and the fertilizer seed soil gel and the water absorbing action in the growth process of the grass seeds, the water in the gel shell of the fertilizer seed soil gel is continuously supplied to the grass seeds in the microenvironment system along with the growth requirement of the grass seeds, and the moisture evaporation of the microenvironment shell is effectively inhibited when the air is allowed to enter the microenvironment system, the infiltration and the loss of water are reduced, and the grass seeds are prevented from rotting or dying due to air impermeability or water loss in the growth process; when the moisture in the gel shell of the fertile seed soil gel is gradually reduced, the fertile seed soil gel can automatically and fully absorb the moisture in the sandy soil or absorb later irrigation water due to the strong water absorption performance of the gel shell, so that a certain humidity condition is always kept in each microenvironment system; the gel shell of the gel of the fertilizer seed soil can automatically regulate and control water supply along with the change of the moisture content in the external environment, and simultaneously regulates and controls the concentration of the fertilizer, thereby ensuring the effective regulation of the concentration of the water and the fertilizer in the environment around the grass seeds and being beneficial to promoting the normal growth of the grass seeds. Meanwhile, the water and fertilizer regulation mode stimulates lateral roots and fibrous roots in the root system for grass seed growth to differentiate and grow towards the direction of the surrounding water and fertilizer, so that the growth of the root system of grass is promoted, the length of the root system is increased, and the number of the root system is increased, thereby keeping good growth vigor under the drought condition, improving the fixation capacity of grass in sand soil and improving the survival rate of grass seeds.
In addition, the gel shell polymer network structure of the fertile seed soil gel effectively slows down the heat transfer effect to the grass seeds in the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring that the temperature condition in each microenvironment system is relatively stable, solving the adverse effect of large day-night temperature difference in sandy soil areas on the growth of the grass seeds and greatly promoting the germination and growth of the grass seeds in the sandy soil.
Because the raw materials for preparing the gel shell of the fertilizer soil gel are natural polymer materials, and most of the natural polymer materials have certain bacteriostatic or bactericidal performance, the fertilizer soil gel can resist the adsorption and corrosion of harmful bacteria in the sand by virtue of a polymer net structure with a compact gel shell, effectively inhibit or kill the harmful bacteria around the fertilizer soil gel, and further improve the survival rate of grass seeds.
The fertilizer seed soil gel provided by the invention is soaked in water and spread in the surface layer (5-10 cm) of sand, and then rapidly germinates and grows, after grass grows and fixes in the sand, under the action of microorganisms, animals and the like in the sand, the natural polymer material gel shell of the fertilizer seed soil gel is gradually degraded into small molecular nutrient substances, and enters the deep layer (the depth is less than 20cm) of the sand along with water with the seeped water-soluble humic acid fertilizer to provide nutrition for plant roots and microorganisms in the sand, increase the content of organic matters in the sand and improve the activity of microorganisms, so that the soil fertility of the sand is improved, conditions are further provided for the growth of grass seeds sprayed in the sand, and meanwhile, the polymer water-soluble bio-based binder also enters the sand to become a long-acting slow-release organic fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilizer seed soil gel provided by the invention has a good treatment effect on sand, can be degraded in the sand control process, has no adverse residue, is short in treatment period, low in labor cost and raw material cost, and is suitable for treatment of flowing sand, semi-flowing sand and fixed sand.
In conclusion, the invention coats the natural high molecular water-absorbing material gel on the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules formed by bonding the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the grass seeds and the sandy soil to form the fertilizer seed soil gel, utilizes the water-absorbing and water-retaining characteristics of the gel to provide continuous and stable humidity conditions and temperature conditions for the grass seeds, promotes the germination and growth of the grass seeds in the sandy soil, effectively inhibits or kills harmful bacteria, improves the survival rate of the grass seeds, reduces the loss of water and fertilizer, has no unfavorable residue of degradation products, solves the problem that the grass seeds are not easy to grow in the sandy land due to the lack of a soil structure, poor water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining performance and large temperature difference, and plays a role in controlling the desertification of the land.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that the main components and the contents of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the step one are as follows: humic acid content of not less than 50g/L, wherein fulvic acid content of not less than 10g/L, N, P2O5And K2The total content of O is not less than 200g/L, the content of medium and trace small molecular elements in 72 varieties in national standard NY1106-2010 humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is not less than 20g/L, the content of water-insoluble substances is not more than 50g/L, and the pH value of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-10.0. The sand land is fundamentally different from normal soil in that the sand land is lack of organic carbon, so that the sand land is not provided with a soil structure, is poor in water and fertilizer retention performance, is lack of microorganisms and cannot provide conditions for normal growth of plants. The preferable humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is an aqueous fertilizer and is prepared from agricultural wastes, peat, lignite, weathered coal and other raw materials, and the components of the water-soluble fertilizer mainly comprise humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, active organic micromolecules, mineral elements and organic coordination mineral elements; the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer provides a nutrient source for plant growth after entering the sand, creates favorable conditions for the propagation and growth of microorganisms, thereby improving the content of organic matters and the effectiveness of nutrients in the sand and promoting the plantingAnd (5) growing and developing the plant. Abundant saccharide, amino acid and microorganism secreted by the plant root system can provide sufficient nutrition for the growth and reproduction of the microorganism at the plant root system, and simultaneously influence the variety and the quantity of the soil microorganism and the distribution of the soil microorganism at the plant root system.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that the main components and the contents of the macromolecular water-soluble bio-based binder in the step one are as follows: the bio-based cellulose sulfate is not less than 500g/L, the lignosulfonate is not less than 400g/L, the water is not more than 30g/L, and the pH value of the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-8.0. The main components of the optimized high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder are bio-based sulfate ester salt, sulfonate and cellulose, the binder is prepared and produced by agricultural wastes generally, the binder is low in cost and free of toxic and side effects, the binder replaces binders such as urea-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal and soluble starch in the prior art, and the defects that the existing binder is high in formaldehyde residue and harmful to human health due to long-term release are overcome, and the problems that natural high polymers such as soluble starch are poor in binding effect, large in dosage and high in cost are solved. In addition, the preferable high molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is adhered with a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, grass seeds and sandy soil to form a prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate with a paper-film-like tough outer film, and the characteristics of the high molecular material determine that the outer film formed by adhering the high molecular water-soluble bio-based binder has certain air permeability and is suitable for the rooting and growth of plants; meanwhile, the high molecular water-soluble bio-based binder contains various natural active groups and heterogeneous phenolic compounds, is easily degraded by microorganisms in sand, and degradation products can increase the aggregate structure in sand, keep the balance of trace elements in the sand and have a certain slow release effect. In addition, lignosulfonate contained in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder has a dispersing effect, so that the dispersion degree of grass seeds in the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregates is improved, the germination rate of the grass seeds is improved, and the sand control effect is enhanced.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that the lignosulfonate is potassium lignosulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate. The preferred lignosulfonate is widely available and may also provide potassium salts for grass seed growth.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that the diameter of the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregate in the step one is 5-15 mm. The prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules with the optimal diameter ensure that grass seeds, humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and sandy soil form a whole with pores and stable structure under the action of a binder solution, and the formation area and the formation thickness of subsequent gel are controlled, so that the water absorption rate, the water retention performance and the heat preservation performance of the fertilizer seed soil gel after being spread are controlled, and the survival rate of the grass seeds is improved.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil is characterized in that in the second step, the natural polymer water absorbing material is sodium alginate, and the mass concentration of the natural polymer material solution is 0.8-1.5%; the corresponding cross-linking agent is calcium chloride, the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 1-1.5%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5. Sodium alginate is a water-soluble natural polysaccharide high molecular material, and the sodium alginate rapidly undergoes ion exchange after meeting calcium ions to generate gel. The invention preferably adopts sodium alginate and calcium chloride corresponding to the sodium alginate, the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules sprayed with the calcium chloride solution is added into the sodium alginate solution, the sodium alginate and the calcium chloride are rapidly crosslinked by controlling the concentration of the sodium alginate solution, the concentration of the calcium chloride solution and the pH value of the calcium chloride solution, the gel with uniform structure and certain strength is rapidly formed, the fertilizer seed soil gel is obtained, the function of the fertilizer seed soil gel is realized, the growth of the grass seeds is promoted, the grass seeds are prevented from being damaged in the processes of storage, transportation and scattering, the crude survival rate of the grass seeds is further improved, the degradation product of the gel has no adverse residue on sand, and the calcium chloride serving as a crosslinking agent can also provide calcium salt for the growth of the grass seeds.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that in the second step, the natural polymer water-absorbing material is chitosan, the mass concentration of the natural polymer material solution is 1-1.5%, and the pH value is 3-4; the corresponding cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 5-10%. The chitosan is a high-molecular alkaline polysaccharide polymer with cations, which is extracted from chitin serving as a raw material, the sufficient dissolution of the chitosan is ensured by controlling the pH of a solution of the chitosan to be 3-4, then the gel is prepared by crosslinking glutaraldehyde, and the water absorption, water retention and heat preservation of the gel are ensured by controlling the mass concentration of the chitosan solution and the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution, adjusting the thickness and other physical properties of the gel and the like; in addition, a large number of amino groups and hydroxyl groups exist in chitosan molecules, so that organic matters and water in sand are effectively adsorbed, and the fertility around grass seeds is improved.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil is characterized in that in the second step, the natural high polymer water absorbing material is konjac glucomannan, and the mass concentration of the natural high polymer material solution is 0.5-1.2%; the corresponding cross-linking agent is calcium hydroxide, the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 0.8-1.2%, and the pH value is 9-10. The konjac glucomannan is a high molecular weight non-ionic polysaccharide consisting of mannose and glucose, calcium hydroxide is adopted as a cross-linking agent to carry out cross-linking under an alkaline condition, and the gel with a high molecular three-dimensional net structure is generated by controlling the mass concentration of a konjac glucomannan solution and the mass concentration of the calcium hydroxide.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil is characterized in that in the fifth step, the fertilizer soil gel is soaked in water for 2 to 5 hours and then is uniformly spread. The fertilizer seed soil gel prepared by the invention can be stored for 6-10 months at room temperature, the fertilizer seed soil gel is put into water for soaking for the above time before use, the shell gel of the fertilizer seed soil gel rapidly absorbs water to swell to form a water-containing fertilizer soil gel with larger volume, and the water-containing fertilizer soil gel can stably exist in sandy soil under the action of self gravity after being scattered, is not easy to be blown away by wind or exposed due to the flowing of the sandy soil, is favorable for improving the survival rate of grass seeds, and is suitable for sandy areas. In addition, the fertilizer seed soil gel can also be firstly spread in sandy soil and then irrigated at fixed points.
The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized in that in the fifth step, the soaked fertilizer soil gel is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the sand and then is subjected to additional fertilization, the fertilizer adopted by the additional fertilization is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 300-600 times of water by mass, the additional fertilization time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the time interval of the additional fertilization is 10 days, and the total number of the additional fertilization is 3-5 times. And (4) selecting the fertilizer concentration, the top dressing time interval and the total top dressing times of the late top dressing according to the germination and unearthing conditions of the grass seeds. By adopting the optimized late-stage topdressing method, the fertilizer consumed by germination and growth of the grass seeds can be effectively supplemented, and the continuous normal growth of the grass seeds is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material gel is coated on the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules formed by bonding the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the grass seeds and the sandy soil to form the fertilizer seed soil gel, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining characteristics of the gel are utilized to provide continuous and stable humidity conditions and temperature conditions for the grass seeds, promote the germination and growth of the grass seeds in the sandy soil, effectively inhibit or kill harmful bacteria, improve the survival rate of the grass seeds, reduce the loss of water and fertilizer, prevent degradation products from poor residue, solve the problem that the grass seeds are not easy to grow due to the lack of a soil structure, poor water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining performance and large temperature difference in the sandy soil, and play a role in controlling the desertification of the land.
2. The fertilizer soil gel provided by the invention has a good treatment effect on sand, can be degraded in the sand control process, has no adverse residue, is short in treatment period, low in labor cost and raw material cost, and is suitable for treatment of sand which cannot be mechanically ploughed, such as degraded grassland, flowing sand, semi-flowing sand, fixed sand and the like.
3. The sand control process is simple and easy to realize, improves the survival rate of grass seeds from the prior 60 percent to more than 90 percent, and is suitable for popularization and use.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer adopted in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: humic acid content of not less than 50g/L, wherein fulvic acid content of not less than 10g/L, N, P2O5And K2The total content of O is not less than 200g/L, referring to 72 kinds of medium and trace small molecular elements in national standard NY1106-2010 humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the content of the water-insoluble substances is not less than 20g/L, and the pH value of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-10.0; the adopted macromolecular water-soluble bio-based binder comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: the bio-based cellulose sulfate is not less than 500g/L, the lignosulfonate is not less than 400g/L, the water is not more than 30g/L, and the pH value of the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-8.0.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 150 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 10 parts of grass seeds, 40 parts of sandy soil and 200 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
dissolving konjac glucomannan in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a konjac glucomannan solution with the mass concentration of 1.0%, adding calcium hydroxide into the water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% and the pH value of 10;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium hydroxide solution obtained in the step two on the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertile seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the konjac glucomannan solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertile seed soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 4 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 4.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 99.3% by statistics and calculation.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 120 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 60 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 10 parts of grass seeds, 40 parts of sandy soil and 220 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving sodium alginate in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1.2%, adding calcium chloride into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.2% and the pH value of 7;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the sodium alginate solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 4 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 300 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 4.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 98.7% by statistics and calculation.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 20 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 20 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 5 parts of grass seeds, 20 parts of sandy soil and 800 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 1.2% and the pH value of 3.5, adding glutaraldehyde into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 8%;
step three, uniformly spraying the glutaraldehyde solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the chitosan solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 2 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the sand and then is subjected to topdressing, the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is diluted by a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and water with the mass of 600 times, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 3 times.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 93.3% by statistics and calculation.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 150 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 10 parts of grass seeds, 40 parts of sandy soil and 200 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
dissolving konjac glucomannan in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a konjac glucomannan solution with the mass concentration of 1.0%, adding calcium hydroxide into the water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% and the pH value of 10;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium hydroxide solution obtained in the step two on the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the konjac glucomannan obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 4 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 4.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 99.3% by statistics and calculation.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 150 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 80 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 15 parts of grass seeds, 50 parts of sandy soil and 300 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil granules; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is sodium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% and the pH value of 3, adding glutaraldehyde into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 5%;
step three, uniformly spraying the glutaraldehyde solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the chitosan solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 4 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 4.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 97.3% by statistics and calculation.
Example 6
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 60 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 40 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 8 parts of grass seeds, 35 parts of sandy soil and 120 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving sodium alginate in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, adding calcium chloride into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% and the pH value of 6.5;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the sodium alginate solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 2 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 300 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 5 times.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 95% by statistics and calculation.
Example 7
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 150 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 10 parts of grass seeds, 40 parts of sandy soil and 200 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is sodium lignosulfonate;
dissolving konjac glucomannan in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a konjac glucomannan solution with the mass concentration of 1.0%, adding calcium hydroxide into the water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% and the pH of 9.5;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium hydroxide solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertile seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the konjac glucomannan solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertile seed soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 4 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 4.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 99.3% by statistics and calculation.
Example 8
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 100 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 8 parts of grass seeds, 38 parts of sandy soil and 180 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is sodium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving sodium alginate in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, adding calcium chloride into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5% and the pH value of 7.5;
step three, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the sodium alginate solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 5 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; and uniformly spreading the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand, and then performing topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopted by the topdressing is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of water by mass, the topdressing time is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the topdressing time interval is 10 days, and the total topdressing times are 5 times.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 96.9% through statistics and calculation.
Example 9
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80 parts of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder, 7 parts of grass seeds, 28 parts of sandy soil and 150 parts of water into a container in sequence by mass, and uniformly stirring to obtain prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregates; the lignosulfonate in the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder is potassium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 1.5% and the pH value of 4, adding glutaraldehyde into water, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 10%;
step three, uniformly spraying the glutaraldehyde solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to completely wet the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the chitosan solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer soil gel;
step five, soaking the gel of the fertile seed soil obtained in the step four in water for 5 hours, and then uniformly spreading the gel on the surface layer of the sand; the soaked fertilizer seed soil gel is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the sand and then is subjected to additional fertilization, the fertilizer adopted by the additional fertilization is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer with water of 500 times of the mass, the time of the additional fertilization is calculated from the emergence date of the grass seeds, the time interval of the additional fertilization is 10 days, and the total number of the additional fertilization is 5.
The grass survival rate of the embodiment is 94.7% by statistics and calculation.
The above description is only an embodiment of the preferred ingredient range of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A desertification control method of degradable integrated fertilizer soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding 20-80 parts by mass of a high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder and 80-300 parts by mass of water into a container, uniformly stirring to obtain a binder solution, then uniformly stirring 20-150 parts by mass of a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts by mass of grass seeds and 20-50 parts by mass of sandy soil to obtain a fertilizer seed soil mixture, and then adding the binder solution into the fertilizer seed soil mixture, uniformly stirring to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate; the macromolecular water-soluble bio-based binder comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: the bio-based cellulose sulfate is not less than 500g/L, the lignosulfonate is not less than 400g/L, the water is not more than 30g/L, the pH value of the high-molecular water-soluble bio-based binder after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-8.0, and the lignosulfonate is potassium lignosulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate;
step two, dissolving the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material and then uniformly mixing to obtain a natural high-molecular material solution, adding a cross-linking agent corresponding to the natural high-molecular water-absorbing material into water to dissolve and uniformly mix to obtain a cross-linking agent solution;
step three, uniformly spraying the cross-linking agent solution obtained in the step two onto the surface of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step one to obtain a semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate;
step four, adding the semi-finished product of the prefabricated fertilizer seed soil aggregate obtained in the step three into the natural polymer material solution obtained in the step two to form gel, and then sequentially filtering and cleaning to obtain fertilizer seed soil gel;
and step five, soaking the fertilizer seed soil gel obtained in the step four in water, and uniformly spreading the fertilizer seed soil gel on the surface layer of the sand.
2. The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the first step comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: humic acid content of not less than 50g/L, wherein fulvic acid content of not less than 10g/L, N, P2O5And K2The total content of O is not less than 200g/L, the content of medium and trace small molecular elements in 72 varieties in national standard NY1106-2010 humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is not less than 20g/L, the content of water-insoluble substances is not more than 50g/L, and the pH value of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer after being diluted by 250 times with water is 4.0-10.0.
3. The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the prefabricated fertilizer soil granules in the first step is 5 mm-15 mm.
4. The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein the natural polymer water absorbing material in the second step is sodium alginate, and the mass concentration of the natural polymer material solution is 0.8-1.5%; the corresponding cross-linking agent is calcium chloride, the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 1% -1.5%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5.
5. The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein the natural polymer water absorbing material in the second step is chitosan, the mass concentration of the natural polymer material solution is 1% -1.5%, and the pH value is 3-4; the corresponding cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 5-10%.
6. The desertification control method of the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the natural polymer water absorption material is konjac glucomannan, and the mass concentration of the natural polymer material solution is 0.5% -1.2%; the corresponding cross-linking agent is calcium hydroxide, the mass concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 0.8-1.2%, and the pH value is 9-10.
7. The method for controlling desertification with the degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the fertilizer soil gel is soaked in water for 2-5 h and then uniformly spread.
8. The method for controlling desertification by using degradable integrated fertilizer soil according to claim 1, wherein the gel of the fertilizer soil after soaking in the fifth step is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the sandy land and then is subjected to additional fertilization, the fertilizer adopted by the additional fertilization is formed by diluting a small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer with 300-600 times of water by mass, the time of the additional fertilization is calculated from the emergence day of the grass seeds, the time interval of the additional fertilization is 10 days, and the total number of the additional fertilization is 3-5 times.
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