CN111040773A - Soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and an application thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, wherein the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 5-11 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of vinegar residue, 0.5-5 parts of organic acid, 10-30 parts of perlite, 5-20 parts of concave-convex soil and 5-20 parts of weathered coal. The soil conditioner can effectively reduce the alkalization degree and the salinization degree of saline-alkali soil, obviously reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the soil structure and the rhizosphere microenvironment, improve the soil fertility, has strong soil restoration capacity and long lasting period, and can effectively promote the agricultural and forestry development in saline-alkali areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The land salinization refers to a land quality degradation process of salinization and alkalization caused by the combination of natural factors such as specific climate, hydrology, geology and soil and the like and the improper artificial diversion and irrigation. The problem of soil salinization is a main factor for restricting sustainable utilization of agricultural land resources in arid regions and is also an important factor for influencing the stability of ecological environment.
The saline-alkali soil usually has alkaline pH when Na+When too much, the soil colloid is substituted by Na+With H in solution+Instead of producing NaOH, the soil alkalinity is increased. Strong alkali can cause the tissue cells of plant root system to rot, and Na simultaneously+Too much, disrupting the nutrient balance, especially descendingLow in Ca2+、Fe2+、PO43-、NO3-The effectiveness of (a) in causing various disorders in plants. In addition, the protein does not function normally after it becomes sodium-protein. The increase of the content of soluble salt in the soil solution leads to the increase of osmotic pressure of the solution, causes physiological drought of plants, reduces the effectiveness of water, and thus inhibits the normal growth of the plants. High salinity causes excessive concentration of a certain salt, which causes single salt toxic action on crops. The saline-alkali soil has high salt content, high sand content, heavy surface layer and bottom layer capacity, high water content and low organic matter content, so that the structure is compact, the porosity is low, and the migration of water and salt is hindered; the saturated water conductivity of the saline-alkali soil is very low, and particularly, the surface layer and the bottom layer are lower, so that the salt leaching effect is influenced; the saline-alkali soil surface layer and the bottom layer have strong water absorption capacity, strong water retention capacity and weak drainage capacity, and the leaching of salt is hindered. Due to the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can cause certain harm to the growth of crop roots, cell membrane structures, air hole opening and closing, nutrient absorption, genetic substances and the like, reduce the stress resistance of crops and influence the normal growth of the crops.
At present, the measures for improving and treating the saline-alkali soil mainly comprise: chemical measures, physical measures, biological measures, application of organic modifying materials and the like. The physical improvement measure is realized by making and repairing the irrigation and water conservancy measures, but the engineering quantity is large, and once problems occur, the maintenance difficulty is large, the cost is large, and the long-term development of the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is not facilitated. The chemical measures are used for improving the saline-alkali soil, mainly removing soluble salt ions in the soil and exchanging sodium with the soil, and meanwhile, the improvement is carried out by reducing the pH value of the soil and the alkalization degree. However, the application of chemical substances can bring in a plurality of substances harmful to the soil health, such as heavy metals, which can sustain organic pollutants, and the evaluation benefit of the substances is less, and the demand is large, which is easy to cause secondary pollution and has potential harm to the soil quality. The saline-alkali soil is improved by biological measures, mainly by screening and cultivating salt-tolerant plants and researching the salt-tolerant mechanism of the plants, and the improvement of the salt-tolerant resistance of the plants by molecular biological means is expected to be a breakthrough. However, the breeding period of the salt-tolerant plants is long, the varieties are limited, and the requirements of agricultural production cannot be met, so that the development of improving the saline-alkali soil by a biological method is limited.
The application of the organic materials has a good effect on improving the saline-alkali soil, and after the organic materials are added into the saline-alkali soil, the pH value, the alkalization degree and the soil volume weight of the soil can be obviously reduced, the organic matter content, the soil enzyme activity and the soil porosity of the soil are improved, and the bad physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are changed. The application of the organic materials can also improve the infection of the soil mycorrhizal fungi to the vegetation, thereby improving the saline-alkali resistance of the plants and promoting the growth of the plants. The organic material soil conditioner is added into the saline-alkali soil, so that the conditions of soil structure, nutrients, water retention and fertilizer retention can be improved, and the method is a simple, economic, convenient and efficient improvement mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the soil conditioner can effectively reduce the alkalization degree and the salinization degree of saline-alkali soil, obviously reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the soil structure and the rhizosphere microenvironment, improve the soil fertility, have strong soil restoration capacity and long lasting period, and can effectively promote the agricultural and forestry development in saline-alkali areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 5-11 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of vinegar residue, 0.5-5 parts of organic acid, 10-30 parts of perlite, 5-20 parts of concave-convex soil and 5-20 parts of weathered coal.
Preferably, the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 6-9 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 7-11 parts of vinegar residue, 1-2.5 parts of organic acid, 16-24 parts of perlite, 8-16 parts of concave-convex soil and 8-15 parts of weathered coal.
Further preferably, the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 8 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 30 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of perlite, 13 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
Preferably, the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel is prepared by the following method: dissolving chitosan with 2 wt% glacial acetic acid to prepare 1.5 wt% chitosan solution; adding 1 part of sodium alginate powder into 1 part of 1.5 wt% chitosan solution, stirring in a thermostatic water bath at 60 ℃ for 50min, adding 0.05 part of 5 wt% glutaraldehyde, continuing stirring for 2h, and adjusting the pH value of the composite gel to be neutral by using a sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel.
Preferably, the composite microbial solid microbial agent is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial agent and an aspergillus niger solid microbial agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.3-1.2: 0.05-0.3 by mass ratio.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 3-8 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 1-9 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 1-8 × 108cfu/g。
Preferably, the humic acid is one or more of fulvic acid, potassium humate, ammonium humate and ulmic acid.
Preferably, the organic acid is one or more of citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, pyrophosphoric acid and malic acid.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing humic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 180-mesh sieve of 130 meshes;
(2) weighing the fine powder of the sieved humic acid, the vinegar residue, the perlite, the attapulgite and the weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding the compound microorganism solid fungicide and the organic acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel with the formula amount in a stirring tank, stirring for 20-30min at the speed of 400-700r/min, adding the mixed powder, continuously stirring for 20-30min at the speed of 400-700r/min, and then drying the mixed material in vacuum at 65-70 ℃;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
The application amount of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil is 100-350 kg/mu in the saline-alkali soil.
Humic acid contains a large amount of organic acid and other intermediates, and the alkalinity of soil can be reduced by applying the humic acid into saline-alkali soil. The humic acid can also improve the soil structure, improve the saline-alkali soil, improve the soil fertility and the like, has a certain repairing effect on heavy metal and toxic organic pollutant soil, mainly comprises the adsorption and precipitation effect and the redox effect of the humic acid on the heavy metal and organic matters, and can promote soil microorganisms to degrade the organic pollutants.
The vinegar residue contains various organic components such as acid, alcohol, phenol and the like, contains higher organic acid and plant growth regulator, and can reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil by direct application. Meanwhile, the microbial fertilizer can also accelerate the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms and promote the germination of crops and the development of root systems.
Organic acid substances are also commonly used for saline-alkali soil treatment, and besides the pH value of the organic acid substances can be adjusted, organic anions and phosphorus can compete for adsorption sites to be combined through chelation, so that phosphorus and potassium fixation of soil is reduced, and phosphorus and potassium elements in an insoluble state and a fixed state are decomposed.
The weathered coal has the advantages of high organic matter and humic acid content, looseness, porosity, good air permeability, larger surface area, strong adsorption and chelation capacity, stronger ion exchange capacity and salt balance capacity, higher biological activity, physiological stimulation effect, stronger drought resistance, disease resistance, salt resistance, water retention capacity improvement of sandy soil and the like. It can increase the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, and reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, so as to improve the nutrient supply condition of saline-alkali soil. And can promote root elongation and respiration and improve root activity.
The surface area of the clay minerals such as perlite, attapulgite and the like is large, the clay minerals have strong moisture absorption and water absorption, can usually absorb water with the volume being several times or even tens of times of the volume of the clay minerals, have strong cation exchange capacity, and can improve the exchange capacity of the soil base when being applied to degraded soil, thereby being beneficial to the replacement and leaching of salt ions of the saline-alkali soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel as a main base material, composite microorganism solid microbial inoculum, humic acid, vinegar residue, organic acid, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal are added into the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, the composite gel forms a three-dimensional network structure and coats other solid raw materials, the particle modifying agent is obtained by drying and crushing, the solid raw materials can be embedded on the surface of the particle modifying agent or coated in the particle modifying agent, the composite microorganism solid microbial inoculum, humic acid, vinegar residue, organic acid and other substances embedded on the surface of the particle modifier can directly act on soil, the substances coated in the granular conditioner are slowly released from the gel to form a slow release effect, and the active ingredients of the substances are slowly dissolved and slowly released into the soil, so that the improvement effect of the conditioner is more long-acting. Meanwhile, the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel and the perlite and the concave-convex soil contained in the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel can absorb a large amount of water, can store water when raining or irrigating soil, and then slowly release the water to keep the soil at proper humidity, so that the improvement effect of other solid raw materials is better at the proper humidity.
Meanwhile, free amino groups on the chitosan of the composite gel are protonated in the acidic environment of the particle modifier, so that a large amount of positive charges are carried on the chitosan molecular chains, and the chitosan molecular chains can act on soil ions with negative charges, so that the soil particles are connected together to form large aggregates, the soil structure is improved, and meanwhile, the chitosan can also form a coordination compound with metal ions in the soil. The chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel can adsorb heavy metal ions and toxic organic pollutants, can further enhance the repairing effect of the soil polluted by heavy metals and organic matters by cooperating with humic acid, and can enhance the degradation of the adsorbed organic matters by microorganisms in the composite microorganism solid microbial inoculum.
In addition, the composite microbial solid fungicide is added to neutralize the salt in the saline-alkali soil, regulate the pH value of the soil and improve the rhizosphere microenvironment of the saline-alkali soil, wherein bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and aspergillus niger have good effects of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium under the synergistic action, the physicochemical property of the soil can be effectively improved, red organic matters in the soil can be better decomposed, and the soil fertility is enhanced; the existence of vinegar residue and organic acid can accelerate the reproduction of the microorganism. And humic acid can promote soil microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants.
The soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil can effectively reduce the alkalization degree and the salinization degree of the saline-alkali soil, obviously reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the soil structure and the rhizosphere microenvironment, improve the soil fertility, have strong soil restoration capacity and long lasting period, and can effectively promote the agricultural and forestry development of saline-alkali areas.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 8 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 30 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of citric acid, 20 parts of perlite, 13 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
The composite microbial solid microbial inoculum is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum and an aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 0.2 by mass ratio. The number of viable bacteria of the compound bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; method for preparing azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculumThe number of viable bacteria is 6 × 109cfu/g; the number of viable bacteria of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 3 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing fulvic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 150-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing fine powder of sieved fulvic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding a compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and citric acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel with the formula amount in a stirring tank, stirring for 25min at the speed of 500r/min, adding the mixed powder, continuing stirring for 25min at the speed of 500r/min, and then placing the mixed material in vacuum at 70 ℃ for drying;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a 15-mesh sieve to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Example 2:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 9 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 25 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of vinegar residue, 2.5 parts of tartaric acid, 16 parts of perlite, 14 parts of attapulgite and 8 parts of weathered coal.
The composite microbial solid microbial inoculum is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum and an aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.2: 0.05 by mass ratio. The number of viable bacteria of the compound bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 8 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing potassium humate, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 180-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing potassium humate, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal powder after sieving according to the formula ratio, adding the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and tartaric acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel with the formula amount in a stirring tank, stirring for 20min at the speed of 700r/min, adding the mixed powder, continuing stirring for 20min at the speed of 700r/min, and then placing the mixed material in vacuum at 65 ℃ for drying;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Example 3:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 6 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 30 parts of ammonium humate, 7 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of tartaric acid, 24 parts of perlite, 8 parts of attapulgite and 15 parts of weathered coal.
The composite microbial solid microbial inoculum is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum and an aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.8: 0.3 by mass ratio. The number of viable bacteria of the compound bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 3 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 8 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing ammonium humate, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 150-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the sieved fine powder of ammonium humate, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and tartaric acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel in a stirring tank, stirring at a speed of 40/min for 30min, adding the mixed powder, continuously stirring at a speed of 400r/min for-30 min, and then drying the mixed material in vacuum at 70 ℃;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Example 4:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 7 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 35 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of vinegar residue, 1 part of oxalic acid, 20 parts of perlite, 16 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
The composite microbial solid microbial inoculum is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum and an aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.3: 0.2 by mass ratio. The number of viable bacteria of the compound bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 9 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the humic acid, the vinegar residue, the perlite, the concave-convex soil and the weathered coal, and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing fine powder of the sieved fulvic acid, the vinegar residue, the perlite, the attapulgite and the weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding the compound microorganism solid fungicide and the oxalic acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel with the formula amount in a stirring tank, stirring for 25min at the speed of 500r/min, adding the mixed powder, continuing stirring for 25min at the speed of 500r/min, and then placing the mixed material in vacuum at 70 ℃ for drying;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a 15-mesh sieve to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Example 5:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 5 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 30 parts of ammonium humate, 10 parts of vinegar residue, 3 parts of organic acid, 30 parts of perlite, 5 parts of attapulgite and 10 parts of weathered coal.
The preparation methods of the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil are the same as the example 1.
Example 6:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 11 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 40 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of vinegar residue, 0.5 part of citric acid, 25 parts of perlite, 20 parts of attapulgite and 20 parts of weathered coal.
The composite microbial solid microbial inoculum is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum, a azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum and an aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.8: 0.2 by mass ratio. The number of viable bacteria of the compound bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the number of viable bacteria of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 3 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 7:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 7 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 20 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of vinegar residue, 5 parts of tartaric acid, 10 parts of perlite, 15 parts of attapulgite and 5 parts of weathered coal.
The preparation methods of the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil are the same as the example 1.
Example 8:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 8 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 26 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of pyrophosphoric acid, 18 parts of perlite, 12 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
The preparation methods of the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil are the same as the example 2.
Example 9:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 7 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 35 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of malic acid, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of attapulgite and 10 parts of weathered coal.
The preparation methods of the compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil are the same as the example 3.
Comparative example 1:
a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 30 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of citric acid, 20 parts of perlite, 13 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
The compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum is the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing fulvic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 150-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing fine powder of sieved fulvic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding a compound microorganism solid microbial inoculum and citric acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a 15-mesh sieve to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
The chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel in the embodiments 1-9 of the invention is prepared by the following method: dissolving chitosan with 2 wt% glacial acetic acid to prepare 1.5 wt% chitosan solution; adding 1 part of sodium alginate powder into 1 part of 1.5 wt% chitosan solution, stirring in a thermostatic water bath at 60 ℃ for 50min, adding 0.05 part of 5 wt% glutaraldehyde, continuing stirring for 2h, and adjusting the pH value of the composite gel to be neutral by using a sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel.
The soil conditioner provided in examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1 was used for improving saline-alkali soil in a certain planting area, and the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
cotton plants were planted in the soils to which the conditioners of examples 1 to 9 were applied, respectively, as test groups 1 to 9; cotton planted in the soil to which the conditioners in comparative example 1 were applied, respectively, was used as a control group; meanwhile, cotton can be planted in the soil without any modifier and used as a control group. Each set was repeated 3 times. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
test groups 1-9: before sowing, 20kg of ammonium sulfate, 15kg of urea and 200kg of the soil conditioner in the embodiments 1-9 are applied to each mu during plowing; topdressing: 20kg of urea is applied to each mu of land for topdressing.
Comparison group: before sowing, 20kg of ammonium sulfate, 15kg of urea and 200kg of the soil conditioner in the comparative example 1 are applied to each mu during plowing; topdressing: 20kg of urea is applied to each mu of land for topdressing.
Control group: before sowing, 20kg of ammonium sulfate and 15kg of urea are applied to each mu when the land is turned over; topdressing: 20kg of urea is applied to each mu of land for topdressing.
The cultivation management methods and the water and fertilizer management methods of the cotton in the test groups 1-9, the comparison group 1 and the comparison group are all carried out according to a conventional method and are consistent.
1. Investigation of the field
And (3) performing fixed-point survey on each group of corresponding planting areas during harvesting, wherein 5 points are determined in each area, and the soil sample is a mixed sample of 5 points in each planting area. The pH and salinity measurements of the soils in each growth period of the test groups 1-9, the control group, and the control group are shown in Table 2.
Table 2:
as can be seen from Table 2, the soil conditioner of examples 1-9 of the present invention has a good effect of reducing pH and salinity of the soil, and maintains a high effectiveness in the later growth process of cotton.
2. Yield impact
And when the cotton is harvested, measuring the acre yield of the planting areas corresponding to the test group, the comparison group and the control group. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3:
as can be seen from Table 3, the improvement of the cotton yield of each of examples 1 to 9 was significantly increased, which was as high as thirty percent. The modifier in comparative example 1, which does not contain the chitosan-sodium alginate complex gel, is inferior to the modifiers in examples 1 to 9.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 5-11 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of vinegar residue, 0.5-5 parts of organic acid, 10-30 parts of perlite, 5-20 parts of concave-convex soil and 5-20 parts of weathered coal.
2. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 6-9 parts of composite microbial solid microbial inoculum, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 7-11 parts of vinegar residue, 1-2.5 parts of organic acid, 16-24 parts of perlite, 8-16 parts of concave-convex soil and 8-15 parts of weathered coal.
3. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 2 is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel, 8 parts of composite microbial solid fungicide, 30 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of vinegar residue, 2 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of perlite, 13 parts of attapulgite and 12 parts of weathered coal.
4. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel is prepared by the following method: dissolving chitosan with 2 wt% glacial acetic acid to prepare 1.5 wt% chitosan solution; adding 1 part of sodium alginate powder into 1 part of 1.5 wt% chitosan solution, stirring in a thermostatic water bath at 60 ℃ for 50min, adding 0.05 part of 5 wt% glutaraldehyde, continuing stirring for 2h, and adjusting the pH value of the composite gel to be neutral by using a sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel.
5. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite microbial solid fungicide is prepared from a bacillus subtilis solid fungicide, a azotobacter chroococcum solid fungicide and an aspergillus niger solid fungicide according to the proportion of 1: 0.3-1.2: 0.05-0.3 by mass ratio.
6. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of viable bacteria of said bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 3-8 x 1010cfu/g; the viable count of the azotobacter chroococcum solid microbial inoculum is 1-9 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 1-8 × 108cfu/g。
7. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid is one or more of fulvic acid, potassium humate, ammonium humate and fulvic acid.
8. The soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said organic acid is one or more of citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, malic acid.
9. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) crushing humic acid, vinegar residue, perlite, attapulgite and weathered coal, and sieving with a 180-mesh sieve of 130 meshes;
(2) weighing the fine powder of the sieved humic acid, the vinegar residue, the perlite, the attapulgite and the weathered coal according to the formula ratio, adding the compound microorganism solid fungicide and the organic acid according to the formula ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(3) placing the chitosan-sodium alginate composite gel with the formula amount in a stirring tank, stirring for 20-30min at the speed of 400-700r/min, adding the mixed powder, continuously stirring for 20-30min at the speed of 400-700r/min, and then drying the mixed material in vacuum at 65-70 ℃;
(4) and drying to constant weight, crushing the obtained material, and sieving by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain the soil conditioner for improving the saline-alkali soil.
10. The application of the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil in saline-alkali soil is 350 kg/mu in 100-.
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Application publication date: 20200421 |