CN114231292A - Bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner and application thereof - Google Patents
Bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114231292A CN114231292A CN202111536554.XA CN202111536554A CN114231292A CN 114231292 A CN114231292 A CN 114231292A CN 202111536554 A CN202111536554 A CN 202111536554A CN 114231292 A CN114231292 A CN 114231292A
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- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001002356 Valeriana edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum (magnesium) oxygen Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011410 subtraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2105/00—Erosion prevention
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Discloses a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner, which is prepared by the following method: reacting the monomer mixed solution with sodium carboxymethylcellulose and calcium bentonite, and drying to obtain first powder; dripping the mixed liquid containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and nutrients into an aluminum sulfate solution, and drying to obtain second powder after the reaction is finished; mixing, and vacuum drying to obtain third powder. Compared with the prior art, the bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner has better effects on the water and nutrients of the plateau soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil environment treatment, and particularly relates to a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner and application thereof.
Background
The northeast side of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is located in arid and semiarid regions, and gullies in the regions are vertical and horizontal and have fluctuant terrains; the precipitation is rare and mainly concentrated in summer, and the water is deficient in most months. The soil water storage foundation is poor, and the water is divided into limiting factors for vegetation construction, ecological restoration and agricultural production in the plateau area. Climate change of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau shows that the area tends to be warm and dry, the soil tends to be dry due to long-term soil water deficiency, and the artificial activities are aggravated. The development of the plateau soil improvement in the ecologically vulnerable areas has a very important significance for the relief of global grain crisis and the improvement of ecological environment.
Improving soil structure, improving soil erosion resistance and enhancing water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil become an important aspect of research in the agriculture and ecological environment field of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Researches show that the bentonite can influence the physical and chemical properties of soil and has potential application value in improving the local soil moisture condition.
The bentonite is a nonmetal mineral product with wide distribution, and the main mineral component is montmorillonite. Montmorillonite unit cells are composed of two sheets of silicone tetrahedra and a sheet of aluminum (magnesium) oxygen octahedra sandwiched therebetween. Isomorphous heterogeneous substitutions within the montmorillonite lattice are their most basic and important features. These characteristics determine that bentonite has higher ion exchange capacity and stronger adsorption capacity. When the interlayer cations are calcium ions, the obtained bentonite is calcium bentonite. Research shows that the calcium-based bentonite can improve soil fertility and sandy soil water content, obviously increase fine particle content, improve the decomposition rate of plant materials in soil, increase the organic matter content of soil, and further reduce irrigation water consumption and crop yield, so that the calcium-based bentonite has wide application in the field of soil improvement.
Chinese patent application publication CN102511213A discloses a sandy soil improvement method, comprising the following steps: 1) uniformly spreading bentonite on the surface of sandy soil by using a special spreading machine in autumn of the previous year or before soil preparation in spring of the current year; 2) with the plowing action of agricultural machinery, the bentonite and the sandy soil are uniformly mixed in a plowing layer, and the full stirring of a rotary cultivator is preferably combined; 3) watering before sowing in the same year, and fully and thoroughly irrigating. The method has no pollution to the environment, low cost and quick effect, is beneficial for life after being applied once, and is a real green and environment-friendly sandy soil improvement method.
Chinese patent application publication CN108558559A discloses a soil conditioner, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of bentonite, 25-45 parts of wet livestock and poultry manure, 10-30 parts of mushroom sticks and 0.5-2 parts of EM microbial inoculum. The bentonite component contained in the soil conditioner enables the soil conditioner to have the characteristics of high-efficiency water absorption, interlayer organic nutrient buffer, deodorization and the like, and wet livestock excrement can be quickly dried to form a mineral composite organic fertilizer taking bentonite as a substrate; the mushroom sticks are crushed to form multi-grain-level mixed high-carbon aggregates, and the permeability of the soil can be improved after the mushroom sticks are mixed with mineral compound organic fertilizer. The soil conditioner has the advantages of appropriate nutrient component proportion, soil covering and soil moisture conservation, high-quality characteristic of slow-release fertilizer efficiency, particular suitability for improving desertification soil and hardened soil, resource utilization of wastes, and belongs to an environment-friendly soil conditioner.
However, natural bentonite has a relatively small specific surface area and is a hydrophilic substance, and the adsorption property of the natural bentonite disappears after high-temperature treatment, so that the bentonite is usually modified or remodeled to further improve the adsorption and ion exchange properties of the bentonite.
The Chinese patent application CN107384436A discloses a soil conditioner for tobacco fields and a preparation method and application thereof, and the raw materials for preparing the soil conditioner for tobacco fields comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of modified tobacco straw biochar, 30-40 parts of modified bentonite, 5-30 parts of humic acid raw powder, 10-40 parts of dolomite powder, 10-30 parts of quick lime, 10-15 parts of biological black carbon, 5-15 parts of sulfur and 10-10 parts of bacillus subtilis HS5B 55. The soil conditioner for the tobacco field can obviously improve the pH value, soil layer structure and physical and chemical properties of soil, not only can effectively avoid the limitation of inappropriate pH value of the soil on the growth of tobacco, but also can improve the soil fertility, promote the growth of tobacco roots, improve the growth vigor and yield of the tobacco, and simultaneously effectively limit the occurrence of common fungal diseases in the tobacco field. After the vinasse and the calcium silicate powder are added into the soil conditioner for the tobacco field, the content of organic matters and trace elements in the tobacco field can be improved, and the quality and the yield of tobacco leaves are obviously improved.
Chinese patent application CN111393222A discloses a soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 0-60 parts of gypsum powder, 10-30 parts of modified bentonite, 5-30 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 0.6-3 parts of inorganic salt. The provided soil conditioner can solve the problem of soil hardening, change the carbon structure of soil, improve the quantity and stability of large aggregates with water stability of soil, improve the physical properties of soil and enhance the backbone strength of plants.
However, in the prior art, the humic acid and the microbial agent are still expensive and narrow in application range, and are only suitable for specific crops and specific soil environments, and the improvement effect on plateau soil moisture and nutrients is not reported.
Therefore, aiming at various defects in the prior art, a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner with better effects on the moisture and nutrient of the plateau soil and the application thereof need to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner with better effects on the water and nutrients of plateau soil and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, on one hand, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner is prepared by the following method:
(1) reacting monomer mixed liquor containing acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and an initiator with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium bentonite, and drying to obtain first powder;
(2) dripping the mixed liquid containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and nutrients into an aluminum sulfate solution, and drying to obtain second powder after the reaction is finished;
(3) and uniformly mixing the first powder and the second powder, and drying in vacuum to obtain third powder, namely a finished product.
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and an initiator is (65-85): (15-35): (0.05-0.25): (1-3).
Advantageously, the weight ratio of acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and initiator is (70-80): (20-30): (0.1-0.2): (1.5-2.5).
The soil conditioner according to the invention, wherein the addition amount of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 3-7%, and the addition amount of the calcium bentonite is 1-5%, based on the sum of the weights of the acrylic acid and the acrylamide.
Advantageously, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in an amount of 4-6% and calcium bentonite in an amount of 2-4%, based on the sum of the weight of acrylic acid and acrylamide.
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that the reaction temperature of the step (1) is 40-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 h.
Advantageously, the reaction temperature of step (1) is between 50 and 70 ℃ and the reaction time is between 3 and 5 hours.
The soil conditioner of the invention, wherein the weight average molecular weight Mw of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 200,000-300,000 daltons, and the degree of substitution is 0.5-0.9.
Advantageously, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 220,000-280,000 Dalton and a degree of substitution of from 0.6 to 0.8.
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that in the step (2), the weight ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the nutrients is 1: (5-9).
Advantageously, in step (2), the weight ratio of sodium carboxymethylcellulose to nutrients is 1: (6-8).
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that in the step (2), the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the mixed solution is 2-5 wt%; the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 1.5-4.5 wt%.
Advantageously, in step (2), the concentration of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the mixed liquor is between 2.5 and 4.5 wt%; the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 2-4 wt%.
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that the volume ratio of the mixed solution to the aluminum sulfate solution is 12: (4-8).
Advantageously, the volume ratio of mixed liquor to aluminium sulphate solution is 12: (5-7).
The soil conditioner provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the first powder to the second powder is 12: (6-10).
Advantageously, the weight ratio of the first powder to the second powder is 12: (7-9).
On the other hand, the invention also provides the application of the bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner in improving plateau aeolian sandy soil.
Compared with the prior art, the bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner has better effects on the water and nutrients of the plateau soil.
Detailed Description
The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how the compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and/or methods described and claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.) but some errors and deviations should be accounted for.
Unless otherwise indicated, parts are parts by weight, temperatures are in degrees Celsius or at ambient temperature, and pressures are at or near atmospheric. There are many variations and combinations of reaction conditions (e.g., component concentrations, desired solvents, solvent mixtures, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction ranges) and conditions that can be used to optimize the purity and yield of the product obtained by the process. Only reasonable routine experimentation will be required to optimize such process conditions.
Example 1
75 parts of acrylic acid was neutralized with a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to give an acrylic acid solution having a degree of neutralization of 75%. 25 parts of acrylamide, 0.15 part of methylene bisacrylamide and 2 parts of potassium persulfate were added thereto, and mixed and dissolved by stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution. 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Mw 250,000 dalton, degree of substitution 0.7) and 3 parts of calcium bentonite were added to the monomer mixture, and stirred for 10min to mix them uniformly. Then the reaction was heated in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 h. After the reaction, the mixture was washed with absolute ethanol and dried in vacuum to obtain a first powder.
Dissolving 1 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Mw 250,000 dalton, degree of substitution 0.7) in 30 parts of water, adding 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 6 parts of urea, and uniformly mixing under stirring to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is added into 3 wt% of aluminum sulfate solution according to the volume ratio of 2: 1. And after the reaction is finished, vacuum drying and crushing to obtain second powder.
And uniformly mixing the first powder and the second powder in a disc mixer according to the weight ratio of 3:2, and drying in vacuum to obtain third powder, namely a finished product.
Water content improvement test
A cylindrical column with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 10cm is made of a PVC plastic pipe, and the bottom of the column is sealed by plastic cloth. The final product concentrations of example 1 were set at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and control CK. The treatment method comprises the following steps: the finished product of the example 1 and plateau aeolian sandy soil screened by a 1mm sieve are directly and uniformly mixed according to the concentration, the mixture is packed into a soil column, the surface of the soil column is uniformly paved with stones, indoor culture is carried out, and water is added according to the weight difference subtraction method during the culture period, so that the soil humidity is kept at 75% of the field water capacity. After 3 weeks of culture, the water-stable aggregates were determined by wet sieve method. The fractal dimension of soil agglomerates was calculated using the weight distribution instead of the number distribution of soil particle sizes to calculate the effect of the finished product of example 1 on water-stable agglomerates >0.25mm in soil by correlating the particle size distribution with the corresponding mass distribution as proposed by rochon et al (scientific bulletin, 38, 896).
The results show that the test groups with finished product concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% increase the content of water-stable aggregates with the height of plateau aeolian sandy soil being greater than 0.25mm by 9.7%, 27.6%, 48.3% and 61.8% respectively compared with the control CK group. This shows that the bentonite plateau soil conditioner of the invention has a certain soil moisture improvement effect.
Test for improvement of nutrients
The finished product of the embodiment 1 is placed in a non-woven fabric mesh bag, and the mesh bag is buried 5-6cm under the plateau sandstorm soil. The soil humidity is controlled at 30% under the condition of room temperature. Multiple sets of experiments were performed in parallel. And respectively taking out the mesh bags after different days, drying at room temperature, taking out the fertilizer granules from the mesh bags, and determining the nutrients.
The results show that the finished product of example 1 releases nitrogen faster, with a release rate of 86.2% after 5 days; the release rates after 5 days of potassium and phosphorus were 71.9% and 65.7%, respectively. The release rates after 30 days of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were 99.7%, 87.4% and 76.8%, respectively.
This shows that the bentonite plateau soil conditioner of the invention has a certain nutrient slow release effect.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the spirit and principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, deletions, modifications or adjustments may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner is prepared by the following method:
(1) reacting monomer mixed liquor containing acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and an initiator with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium bentonite, and drying to obtain first powder;
(2) dripping the mixed liquid containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and nutrients into an aluminum sulfate solution, and drying to obtain second powder after the reaction is finished;
(3) and uniformly mixing the first powder and the second powder, and drying in vacuum to obtain third powder, namely a finished product.
2. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and initiator is (65-85): (15-35): (0.05-0.25): (1-3).
3. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added in an amount of 3 to 7% and the calcium bentonite is added in an amount of 1 to 5% based on the sum of the weights of acrylic acid and acrylamide.
4. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in step (1) is from 40 to 80 ℃ and the reaction time is from 2 to 6 hours.
5. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight Mw of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 200,000-300,000 dalton and the degree of substitution is from 0.5 to 0.9.
6. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the weight ratio of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to nutrients is 1: (5-9).
7. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the mixed liquor is 2-5 wt%; the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 1.5-4.5 wt%.
8. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of mixed liquor to aluminium sulphate solution is 12: (4-8).
9. A soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first powder to the second powder is from 12: (6-10).
10. Use of a bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 for conditioning plateau aeolian sandy soil.
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