CN115777602A - Ecological pond and domestication method for domesticating loaches with Holly horses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological pond for domesticating loaches with Holly horses and a domesticating method. According to the ecological pond and the domestication method for domesticating the Holly loaches, parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH value of domesticated water quality are consistent with those of a natural environment, bait organisms such as mayflies can be bred, the natural habitat environment of the Holly loaches is completely simulated, stimulation of artificial feeding on the Holly loaches is reduced, and the domestication survival rate is greatly increased.

Description

Ecological pond and domestication method for domesticating loaches with Holly horses

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish domestication, and particularly relates to an ecological pond imitating a natural habitat of loaches containing a Hema loach and a domestication method of wild loaches containing the same.

Background

The loaches with the water horses are special fishes in the loaches of China, are distributed in mountain streams in running water environments with massive pebbles or gravels in the bottom of China, are respectively rated as near-danger (NT) and easy-danger (VU) grades according to red famous records of Chinese biodiversity, and are subjected to artificial interference on habitats due to narrow distribution range, so that the domestication and breeding of the loaches with the water horses are urgent from the perspective of protecting the freshwater ecosystem of China. The first method for domesticating native fishes is ecological culture, and bionic domestication can meet the requirement of wild fishes on comprehensive environmental factors to the maximum extent and ensure the highest domestication survival rate.

Multiple domestication experiments in the early stage prove that the domestication of the Hemisalanx loaches in a non-imitated natural habitat can cause damage to wild fishes in a fishing mode, 24-hour manual oxygenation, 24-hour manual monitoring and the like are needed, the domestication environment cannot meet the requirements of the Hemisalanx loaches on water quality and bait organisms at the same time of high cost, the long-term disinfection and disease prevention operation increases the input of exogenous medicines, the influence is caused on fish bodies, and finally, the domestication survival rate is low, and the domestication failure is caused by the occurrence of the liver and gall syndrome which is difficult to control. In order to improve the domestication survival rate and lay a foundation for subsequent breeding, people develop more bionic pond culture work of the fishes in the family of loaches. The chinese utility model patent of application No. CN201920458518.8 discloses a simulated ecological breeding pond of plateau loach, this simulated ecological breeding pond though can imitate plateau loach's natural habitat environment to a certain extent, but has following not enough: firstly, a gradual flow pump and a reflux pump are required to be equipped, so that not only is the construction cost increased, but also noise is generated, and the stress of fishes is increased; and the other is lack of biological conditions such as aquatic weeds, algae and natural baits which can be provided by the field environment. In the aspect of domestication of fishes in the loach family, patent document No. CN201710828469.8 discloses a domestication method of wild plateau loaches similar to catfishes, but has the following defects that firstly, a calming medicine is used for a plurality of times in the fish seed collection process and fish body disinfection for a long time, penicillin antibiotics are added, the culture requirement of pollution-free aquatic products is not met, and the harm to the fish body is increased; secondly, noise domestication is difficult to accurately control noise decibels, and domestication labor cost is increased; thirdly, normal cultivation operation after the domestication is finished and the influence of the normal cultivation operation on the domestication are not determined.

Therefore, an ecological breeding pond simulating the natural habitat of the loaches with the holly horse and a breeding method which is more environment-friendly, meets the breeding requirements and has less harm to the loaches with the holly horse are needed to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention firstly carries out deep research on the natural habitat environment of the loaches, including the characteristics of geography, hydrochemistry, water body micro-ecology, hydromechanics and the like, designs the ecological pond based on research results, provides the ecological pond for domesticating the loaches, simulates the natural living environment of the loaches, does not use electrical equipment, avoids the corresponding influence on fish schools, and establishes a natural habitat environment which is vivid enough to the greatest extent. The technical scheme is as follows:

an ecological pool for domesticating and breeding loaches with stalls comprises a water diversion channel, a sand basin, a water passing channel and a pool body, wherein a water inlet of the water diversion channel is connected with stream, the sand basin is respectively connected with a water outlet of the water diversion channel and a water inlet of the water passing channel, a water inlet of the pool body is connected with the water passing channel, and the stream is guided by the water diversion channel and flows into the pool body after flowing through the sand basin and the water passing channel. The water inlet of the water diversion canal is in a flaring shape, a sunshade net covers the water diversion canal, a first object blocking net is arranged at the water inlet of the water diversion canal, a second object blocking net is arranged at the water outlet of the water diversion canal, and a filter screen is arranged in the middle of the grit chamber to prevent floating objects and object blocks in stream water from entering the tank body. The cell body is enclosed into the cuboid shape by negative dam, positive dam and two short dams, the negative dam, the length unanimity of positive dam and be greater than short dam length, water inlet and delivery port are established respectively on two short dams, it hides the cloudy facility to have been built above the cell body, the length that hides the cloudy facility is unanimous with negative dam, the width is two-thirds of short dam, one of them long limit is taken on the negative dam, divide into with the cell body and hide two parts in cloudy district and sunshine district, the cell body bottom is from water inlet direction to delivery port direction height and is reduced gradually, the slope is 5%. The three overflow dams are uniformly arranged in the pool body, the overflow dams and the short dams are arranged in parallel, the pool body is divided into four culture pools, water flow channels are arranged on the overflow dams, fish blocking nets are arranged on the side faces, close to one end of a water inlet of the pool body, and the height of each fish blocking net is higher than that of each overflow dam. The shading facilities comprise shading tiles and shading nets, the shading nets and the shading tiles are higher than one side close to the male dam at the side close to the female dam, the shading nets cover the positions 60-80 cm above the shading tiles, the shading tiles are plastic rubber tiles, the lower side of the shading tiles can be used for building brick-concrete upright supports on the overflow dam, and the higher side of the shading tiles can be used for building phyllostachys pubescens upright supports on the female dam; the shading net can fix steel bars on the shading dam and the overflow dam, and then is bound on the steel bars for fixing. The shading tile can prevent direct sunlight from irradiating, a shadow is provided in the pool, the shading net can reduce the irradiation amount of the direct sunlight irradiating on the shading tile, and the temperature of the shading tile is prevented from being too high so as to influence the temperature in the pool.

Furthermore, a slope is arranged on one side, close to the male dam, of the bottom of the culture pond, the slope is 21%, the highest point of the slope is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam, the direction from the male dam to the female dam is gradually reduced, the side face close to the female dam is an arc face, two end points of the arc face are 190 cm away from the male dam, the middle point of the arc face is 90 cm away from the male dam, the slope is formed by stacking gravels with different sizes, a gap for enabling the loaches to inhabit is formed among the gravels, and the part filled with the fine sand forms an environment beneficial to the growth of natural bait organisms such as mayflies. The breeding pond is internally provided with an inhabiting nest and an eating platform, the inhabiting nest is formed by binding a plurality of bamboo tubes to provide an inhabiting place for the loaches with horses, and the eating platform is arranged on the side edge of the slope close to the overflow dam and used for throwing in baits for artificial feeding.

Furthermore, the volume of the grit chamber is 78% of the volume of the chamber body, so as to meet the largest water body exchange requirement in the chamber.

Furthermore, the fall of the grit chamber and the water channel is 20 cm, and the fall of the water channel and the grit chamber is 50 cm, so that stream water can automatically flow into the tank body.

Furthermore, the meshes of the first blocking net are 1.5 square centimeters, the meshes of the second blocking net are 1 square centimeter, the meshes of the filter screen are 2.5 square millimeters, the apertures of the meshes of the fish blocking net are 0.8 centimeter, and the fish blocking net is 30 centimeters higher than the overflow dam. Impurity such as floater, grit in the brook aquatic is progressively filtered through first thing net, second thing net and filter screen of blocking, guarantees that the cell body internal water is clean, and the fish blocking net then can guarantee that the loach species of different specifications between the different ponds of breeding mixes, also is convenient for tame and breed the in-process and disinfect.

Furthermore, the water flow channels of the overflow dams at the two sides are culverts, the water flow channel of the overflow dam at the middle is a filter screen type drainage conduit, and the water outlet of the tank body is communicated with the tank body through the filter screen type drainage conduit.

The invention also provides a domestication method for breeding the loaches with the ecological pond, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: constructing an ecological pool, namely constructing a water diversion channel, constructing a grit chamber, a water diversion channel and a pool body, and introducing stream water to cultivate a bionic environment;

step 2: a culture environment experiment, namely after the bionic environment culture is finished for 30 days, putting the lipsticks co-inhabiting with the Hema loaches into the pool body as water testing fishes, and putting the wild Hema loaches into the pool body for domestication after the water testing fishes grow normally;

and step 3: collecting and putting the wild loaches with the damaged fishing tackle in the habitat streams of the loaches with the wild loaches with the damaged fishing tackle, and putting the collected loaches with the wild loaches with the damaged fishing tackle into an oxygenation box for transportation. Sterilizing the bionic domestication unit by 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10 to 15 minutes before entering the pool, and slowly putting the bionic domestication unit into the treated bionic domestication unit;

and 4, step 4: daily management, namely sterilizing the water body at intervals in the early domestication period, feeding bait, and normally feeding after success.

Further, in the step 1, a water diversion channel is built firstly, a sunshade net is covered after the water is filled for solarization for 1 week, and then the water is filled for 1 week to cultivate a bionic microenvironment of the water diversion channel. And (3) simultaneously starting construction of the grit chamber and the water channel, connecting stream water of the water channel after the construction is finished, covering a sunshade net on the water channel after 1 week, and continuously passing water for 1 week to cultivate a bionic environment. After the pool body is built, adding water for 1 week, then changing water for 1 week, then laying a shading tile, exposing for 2 weeks in the open air to remove peculiar smell, and covering a shading net.

Further, in the step 4, chlorine dioxide is used for sterilizing water every 15 days in the early domestication stage of the wild loaches, earthworms are used for cutting into sections with the length of 1 cm for food calling, and the sections are put on an arc slope food table in the evening; after successful food calling, feeding a complete sinking material containing 32% of protein and assisting earthworms for early food calling once a day, wherein the feeding time is 19-20 hours in the evening. The aquatic compound multivitamin and Sanhuang powder is mixed into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding to supplement the deficiency of vitamins and enhance the immunity.

Further, the water depth is kept to be 60-80 cm during the domestication period, the dissolved oxygen is more than 8 mg/L, and the water temperature is 14-21 ℃. On sunny days with moderate illumination, the shading net is lifted, and the sunlight is irradiated for 2.5 to 3.5 hours to prevent the breeding of the small melon insects caused by low water temperature and long-term lack of illumination.

According to the ecological pond and the domestication method for domesticating the Holly loaches, parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH value of domesticated water quality are consistent with those of a natural environment, bait organisms such as mayflies can be bred, the natural habitat environment of the Holly loaches is completely simulated, stimulation of artificial feeding on the Holly loaches is reduced, and the domestication survival rate is greatly increased.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a tank body;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tank structure without a shading facility;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a water channel to a water passage section;

FIG. 4 is a side sectional structural view of the culture pond;

shown in the figure: 1-a water diversion canal, 2-a sand setting tank, 3-a water passing canal, 4-a first blocking net, 5-a second blocking net, 6-a filter screen, 7-a sun shading net, 8-a yin dam, 9-a yang dam, 10-a short dam, 11-a water overflow dam, 12-a fish blocking net, 13-a culture pond, 14-a sun shading tile, 15-a sun shading net, 16-a slope, 17-a culvert, 18-a filter screen type drainage conduit and 19-a perching nest.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present patent and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

The invention is described in more detail by referring to a part of the tests, which are carried out in succession, and the following detailed description is given by referring to specific examples and comparative examples:

unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the raw materials, instruments, equipment and the like used in the following examples are either commercially available or available by existing methods; the dosage of the reagent is the dosage of the reagent in the conventional experiment operation if no special description exists; the experimental methods are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Example one

An ecological pond for domesticating loaches with lotus horses comprises a water diversion canal 1, a sand settling pond 2, a water diversion canal 3 and a pond body, wherein the water diversion canal 1 is excavated in a suitable section for wild perching streams of the loaches with the lotus horses, the sand settling pond 2 is connected with the water diversion canal 1, the water diversion canal 1 is 50 cm wide and 25 cm deep, a water inlet of the sand settling pond is fan-shaped, the gradient from a water diversion port connected with the streams to the sand settling pond 2 is 10%, and a sunshade net 7 covers the slope. A first object blocking net 4 is arranged at a water inlet of the diversion canal 1, a second object blocking net 5 is arranged at a water outlet, meshes of the first object blocking net 4 are 1.5 square centimeters, and meshes of the second object blocking net 5 are 1 square centimeter and are all formed by reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 1.2 centimeters. The fall between the grit chamber 2 and the water channel 1 is 20 cm, the filter screen 6 is arranged in the middle of the grit chamber 2 and is made of aquaculture mesh, the mesh size is 2.5 square mm, the water outlet of the grit chamber is connected with the water channel 3, the maximum fall between the water channel 3 and the grit chamber 2 is 50 cm, and the water channel 3 is communicated with the water inlet of the tank body, as shown in fig. 3.

The pond body is enclosed into the cuboid shape by negative dam 8, positive dam 9 and two short dams 10, and negative dam 8, positive dam 9 are the long limit, and short dam 10 is the minor face, and water inlet and delivery port are established respectively on two short dams 10, and the height of pond body bottom reduces gradually by the direction of water inlet to delivery port, and the slope is 5%, separates into four breed ponds 13 through overflow dam 11, and the length and width of every breed pond 13 is 4 meters, and overflow dam 11 height 70-90 centimetres is unequal to form the difference in height the same with the bottom slope of the pool. A fish blocking net 12 with the aperture of 0.8 cm is arranged on one side close to the water inlet of the tank body, the fish blocking net is higher than the overflow dam by 1130 cm, culverts 17 are arranged at the bottoms of the overflow dams 11 on the two sides, and a filter screen type drainage conduit 18 made of PVC material with the diameter of 110 mm is arranged on the overflow dam 11 in the middle. The pond body top is covered with the facility of hiding the shade, hides the facility of the pond body area two-thirds, divide into two-layerly, and the lower floor is for hiding the tile 14, adopts the plastic rubber tile to build, and the upper strata is for hiding the net 15, hides the net 15 and sunshade net 7 and adopts black polyethylene net. The shading tile 14 is arranged in a slope manner, the high end of the shading tile is supported on the negative dam 8 through a phyllostachys pubescens stand column, and the low end of the shading tile is supported through a brick-concrete stand column arranged on the overflow dam 11. The shading net 15 is laid and bound on the framework by arranging the steel bar upright columns on the shading dam 8 and the brick-concrete upright columns and then welding the framework, and the height of the shading net 15 is 60-80 cm higher than that of the shading tile 14, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.

The bottom of each culture pond 13 is provided with a slope 16, the slope 16 is arranged at one side close to the positive dam 9 and is formed by piling gravels in loach perching streams with different sizes, the highest point is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam 11, and the slope is 21%. The side surface of the slope 16 close to the female dam 8 is an arc-shaped surface, two arc-shaped end points of the slope are close to the overflow dams 11 or the short dams 10 at two ends of the curing pool, the two end points are spaced from the male dam 9190 cm, and the middle point is spaced from the male dam 990 cm. An inhabiting nest 19 is placed at a proper position on a slope 16, the inhabiting nest 19 is made of Sasa albo-marginata bamboo tubes, each section of bamboo tube is 30 cm long and 3-6 cm in aperture, the inner and outer circle positions of openings at two ends of the bamboo tube are polished by gauze to be smooth so as to avoid fish body injury, every 4 sections of bamboo tubes are parallelly bound into one row and then are overlapped and bound into two or three rows, and the obtained product is placed in a culture pond 13 after being made and soaked for 48 hours so as to inhabit wild Hema loaches. A feeding table is fixed on the side edge of the slope 16 close to the overflow dam 11, and 15-20 gravels with larger diameter are randomly paved at the bottom of each culture pond 13, as shown in fig. 2 and 4.

Example two

A domestication method of the loaches with the horses adopts the ecological pool provided by the first embodiment, and comprises the following steps:

step 1: firstly, constructing a water diversion canal 1 with the length of about 50 meters, then solarizing for 1 week by passing water after the construction, then covering a sunshade net 7, then continuously passing water for 1 week to cultivate a bionic microenvironment of the water diversion canal 1, then constructing a grit chamber 2 and a water passing canal 3, accessing stream water of the water diversion canal 1 after the construction is finished, covering the sunshade net 7 on the water passing canal 3 after 1 week, and then continuously passing water for 1 week to cultivate the bionic environment. The pool body is built outdoors, and water is added for 1 week after the building is finished, and then water is changed for 1 week. Then laying a shading tile 14, and covering a shading net 15 after exposing for 2 weeks.

Step 2: and (3) putting the lipsticks co-inhabiting with the Hema loaches in the ecological pond after the ecological pond is watered for 30 days as water testing fishes, and putting the wild Hema loaches into the ecological pond for domestication after the water testing fishes grow normally.

And 3, step 3: collecting wild loaches resting on the stream with an undamaged fishing tackle at the return water of the stream water at evening to night. And (4) putting the collected Hema loaches into an oxygenation box for transportation. And (3) disinfecting the wild Holly loaches with 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10-15 minutes before the wild Holly loaches are placed into the pool, and slowly putting the wild Holly loaches into the treated bionic domestication unit. Putting 208 wild loaches of Hemerocallis japonicus, wherein the body length range is 84.49-167.05 cm, and the body weight range is 5.2044-23.5075 g.

And 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out water body disinfection by using chlorine dioxide every 15 days in the early period of domestication of the wild loaches. In the early domestication stage, the large-flat second earthworms are used for feeding, and the earthworms need to be cut into sections with the length of 1 cm and put on a feeding table on a slope 16 of a culture pond 13 in the evening. After successful food calling, feeding full-value sinking material containing 32% of protein and assisting with early-stage food calling of the Daping No. two earthworms. The feed is taken once a day, and the feeding time is 19-20 days in the evening. The aquatic compound multivitamin and Sanhuang powder is mixed into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding to supplement the deficiency of vitamins and enhance the immunity. After half a month of domestication, the silt on the bionic arc-shaped slope 16 and the bionic overflow dam 11 is removed, so that a good habitat is provided for the loaches and the natural bait organisms of the loaches, the dayflies and the like.

The water depth is kept to be 60-80 cm during the whole domestication period, the dissolved oxygen is larger than 8 mg/L, the water temperature is controlled to be 14-21 ℃, and the flow velocity and the flow rate of the whole pool body are controlled through a water outlet gate valve and an overflow port on the fourth bionic domestication unit. In a sunny day with moderate illumination, the upper layer shading net 15 is lifted, and the sunlight is irradiated for about 3 hours to prevent the breeding of the small melon insects caused by too low water temperature and long-term lack of illumination.

In the embodiment, the whole period is domesticated for 3 months, the wild loaches with the lotus horses are suitable for operations such as artificial feeding, the wild loaches with the lotus horses are domesticated to survive 203 loaches, and the domestication survival rate is 97.6%.

Comparative example 1

And (5) manually domesticating the aquarium, wherein the method for collecting the wild Holly loaches is the same as the second embodiment. During the domestication period, the water level of the aquarium is kept about 50 cm, an aeration oxygenating device is arranged in the aquarium, 8 mg/rising potassium manganate is used for medicated bath of fish bodies before the domestication period, and chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the like are respectively used for water body disinfection aiming at the disease occurrence conditions of the fish bodies in different stages during the domestication period. The aquarium with the ichthyophthirius multifiliis is treated by methylene blue, the fish with bacterial hemorrhagic disease is applied with erythromycin ointment to be smeared at the hemorrhagic part, florfenicol is mixed with bait, and the trogopterus dung is combined with the golden vitamin for animals. The whole domestication process is shaded, the oxygen is charged in the period of 24 hours, and the temperature of the domestication water is 15-18 ℃. Feeding the Anemorrhiza globigii on the 8 th day, continuously feeding for 7 days, and then alternately feeding Daping No. two earthworms, tenebrio molitor, hermetia illucens and Tongwei 8616 large scale and side mud feed; changing water 1 time every 7 days, and changing water 1/4-1/3 each time. And (5) performing data investigation and statistics after domestication for 60 days.

The comparative example domesticates 3 months in the whole period, domesticates 189 loaches of the Hema loach together, survives 158 loaches, and eliminates the unexpected death caused by sudden power failure and oxygen deficiency and sudden temperature drop, and the survival rate is 84%.

Comparative example No. two

The ecological pond in the first embodiment is used for cultivation with the cultivation method in the second embodiment, and the difference points are that the water flow speed in the pond body is one third of that in the second embodiment, the depth of the pond water exceeds 90 cm, and no perching nest 19 is arranged in the cultivation pond 13.

The comparative example is domesticated for 3 months in the whole period, 61 wild Semisgurnus anguillicaudatus is put in the comparative example for domestication, the domestication time is 50 days, the domestication survival rate is 42, and the domestication survival rate is 68.8%.

Through comparative tests of the first embodiment and the first and second comparative examples, the ecological pond and the domestication method for domesticating the loaches with the Holothuria can greatly improve the domestication survival rate of the loaches with the Holothuria.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an ecological pond for taming and raising lotus and horse loach, includes inlet channel (1), grit chamber (2), ditch (3) and cell body, its characterized in that:

the grit chamber (2) is respectively connected with the water outlet of the water diversion channel (1) and the water inlet of the water channel (3), and the water inlet of the tank body is connected with the water channel (3); the water inlet of the water diversion channel (1) is in a flaring shape, a sunshade net (7) covers the water inlet, a first object blocking net (4) is arranged at the water inlet, and a second object blocking net (5) is arranged at the water outlet; a filter screen (6) is arranged in the middle of the grit chamber (2);

the pool body is enclosed into a cuboid shape by a negative dam (8), a positive dam (9) and two short dams (10), a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the two short dams (10), the height of the bottom of the pool body is gradually reduced from the direction of the water inlet to the direction of the water outlet, and the gradient is 5%; a shading facility is arranged above the pool body, the length of the shading facility is consistent with that of the shading dam (8), the width of the shading facility is two thirds of that of the short dam (10), and one long edge of the shading facility is lapped on the shading dam (8); three overflow dams (11) with water flow channels are uniformly arranged in the tank body, the overflow dams (11) are arranged in parallel with the short dam (10), and a fish blocking net (12) is arranged on the side surface close to one end of a water inlet of the tank body to divide the tank body into four culture tanks (13);

the shading facility comprises shading tiles (14) and shading nets (15), wherein the shading nets (15) and the shading tiles (14) are higher than the shading dam (8) side, and the shading nets (15) cover the shading tiles (14) at a position 60-80 cm above the shading dams (8).

2. The ecological pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: a slope (16) with the gradient of 21% is arranged on one side, close to the male dam (9), of the bottom of the culture pond (13), the slope (16) is formed by gravel piles, the highest point is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam (11), the direction from the male dam (9) to the female dam (8) is gradually reduced, the side face, close to the female dam (8), is an arc face, the distance between two end points of the arc face and the male dam (9) is 190 cm, and the distance between the middle point and the male dam (9) is 90 cm; an inhabitation nest (19) and a feeding table are arranged in the culture pond, and the inhabitation nest (19) is formed by binding a plurality of bamboo tubes.

3. The ecological pond according to claim 2, characterized in that: the volume of the grit chamber (2) is 78 percent of the volume of the tank body.

4. The ecological pond according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fall of the grit chamber (2) and the water channel (1) is 20 cm, and the fall of the water channel (3) and the grit chamber (2) is 50 cm.

5. The ecological pond according to claim 4, characterized in that: the meshes of the first blocking net (4) are 1.5 square centimeters, the meshes of the second blocking net (5) are 1 square centimeter, the meshes of the filter screen (6) are 2.5 square millimeters, the meshes of the fish blocking net (12) are 0.8 centimeter, and the fish blocking net (12) is 30 centimeters higher than the overflow dam (11).

6. The ecological pond according to claim 5, characterized in that: the water flow channel comprises a culvert (17) and a filter screen type drainage conduit (18), the culvert (17) is arranged on the overflow dams (11) at two sides, and the filter screen type drainage conduit (18) is arranged on the overflow dam (11) in the middle; the water outlet of the pool body is connected with a filter screen type drainage conduit (18).

7. The domestication method of the loaches with the horses according to the ecological pond of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: constructing an ecological pool, namely constructing a water channel (1), then constructing a grit chamber (2), a water channel (3) and a pool body, and introducing stream water to cultivate a bionic environment;

step 2: a culture environment experiment, namely after the bionic environment culture is finished for 30 days, putting the lipsticks co-inhabiting with the Hema loaches into the pool body as water testing fishes, and putting the wild Hema loaches into the pool body for domestication after the water testing fishes grow normally;

and step 3: collecting and putting wild loaches with the lotus, collecting wild loaches with the lotus in a loach habitat stream, and putting the collected loaches with the lotus into an oxygenation box for transportation; sterilizing the bionic domestication unit by 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10 to 15 minutes before entering the pool, and slowly putting the bionic domestication unit into the treated bionic domestication unit;

and 4, step 4: daily management, namely sterilizing the water body at intervals in the early domestication period, feeding bait, and normally feeding after success.

8. The domestication method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 1, firstly building a water diversion canal (1), covering a sunshade net (7) after the water is exposed for 1 week, and then continuously passing the water for 1 week to cultivate a bionic microenvironment of the water diversion canal (1); the sand basin (2) and the water channel (3) are simultaneously started to build, stream water of the water channel (1) is connected after the building is finished, a sunshade net (7) is covered on the water channel (3) after 1 week, and water is continuously passed for 1 week to cultivate a bionic environment; after the pool body is built, water is added for 1 week, then water is changed for 1 week, and then a shading tile (14) is laid and exposed in the open air for 2 weeks to remove peculiar smell, and a shading net (15) is covered.

9. The domestication method according to claim 8, characterized in that: step 4, performing water body disinfection once every 15 days in the early domestication period, cutting earthworms into sections with the length of 1 cm for food calling, and putting the sections on an arc slope (16) food table in the evening; after successful food calling, feeding a complete sinking material containing 32% of protein and assisting earthworms for early food calling, wherein the feeding is carried out once a day, and the feeding time is 19-20 hours in the evening; adding the aquatic compound multivitamin and Sanhuangsan into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding.

10. The domestication method according to claim 9, characterized in that: during the domestication period, the water depth is kept to be 60-80 cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 8 mg/L, the water temperature is 14-21 ℃, and in a sunny day with moderate illumination, the shading net (15) is lifted, and the sunlight is irradiated for 2.5-3.5 hours.

Images