CN115777602B - Ecological pool for domesticating loaches and domestication method - Google Patents
Ecological pool for domesticating loaches and domestication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115777602B CN115777602B CN202211410161.9A CN202211410161A CN115777602B CN 115777602 B CN115777602 B CN 115777602B CN 202211410161 A CN202211410161 A CN 202211410161A CN 115777602 B CN115777602 B CN 115777602B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological pool for domesticating the loaches and a domestication method, wherein the ecological pool comprises a water inlet channel, a sand setting pool, a water channel and a pool body, the interior of the pool body is divided into four culture pools by an overflow dam, a shading facility is arranged at the upper part of the pool body, and the culture method comprises the steps of ecological pool construction, culture environment test, collection and throwing of wild loaches, daily management and the like. The ecological pool for domesticating the loaches and the domestication method provided by the invention have the advantages that the parameters such as dissolved oxygen, PH value and the like of the domesticated water quality are consistent with the natural environment, and the bait organisms such as the dayflower can be propagated, so that the natural habitat environment of the loaches is completely simulated, the stimulation of artificial feeding to the loaches is reduced, and the domestication survival rate is greatly increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish domestication, and particularly relates to an ecological pool imitating natural habitat of a lotus loach and a domestication method of a wild lotus loach.
Background
The loach is a special loach family fish in China, in mountain streams distributed in a running water environment with massive pebbles or gravels as a substrate in China, according to the 'red directory of Chinese biodiversity', various species are respectively rated as near-risk (NT) and easy-risk (VU) grades due to narrow distribution range, excessive fishing and artificial interference of habitat, and the domestication and breeding of the loach are urgent from the perspective of protecting the freshwater ecosystem in China. The primary method for domesticating the indigenous fishes is ecological cultivation, the bionic domestication can meet the requirement of wild fishes on comprehensive environmental factors to the maximum extent, and the highest domestication survival rate is ensured.
The research of the early-stage multiple domestication experiments proves that the domestication of the lotus loaches in the non-natural habitat can cause injury to wild fishes in a fishing mode, manual oxygenation is needed for 24 hours, manual monitoring is needed for 24 hours, and the like, the cost is high, the requirements of the water quality and the bait organisms on the lotus loaches cannot be met in the domestication environment, the long-term disinfection and disease prevention operation also increases the input of exogenous drugs, the influence is caused on fish bodies, and finally the domestication failure is caused by the low domestication survival rate and the liver and gall syndrome which is difficult to control occurs. In order to improve the domestication survival rate and lay a foundation for subsequent breeding, more bionic pond culture work of fish of the loach family is carried out. The Chinese patent application No. CN201920458518.8 discloses a bionic cultivation pool for the front fin plateau loaches, which can imitate the natural habitat of the plateau loaches to a certain extent, but has the following defects: firstly, a progressive pump and a reflux pump are required to be equipped, so that the construction cost is increased, noise is generated, and the fish stress is increased; secondly, the biological conditions such as pasture, algae and natural baits which can be provided by the field environment are lacking. In the aspect of domesticating fishes in the loach family, the patent document of application number CN201710828469.8 discloses a domestication method of wild catfish-like altitude loaches, but the following defects exist: firstly, the fish seed collecting process and the fish body disinfection are carried out for a plurality of times for a long time, and penicillin antibiotics are added, so that the requirements of pollution-free aquatic product cultivation are not met, and the damage to the fish body is increased; secondly, noise domestication is difficult to accurately control noise decibels, and labor cost of domestication is increased; thirdly, normal cultivation operation after the end of the domestication is not clearly defined and the influence of the normal cultivation operation on the domestication is not clear.
Therefore, the ecological breeding pool which is more vivid and imitates the natural habitat of the lotus loaches and the breeding method which is more environment-friendly, meets the breeding requirements and has less damage to the lotus loaches are required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention firstly carries out intensive research on the characteristics of natural habitat environment of the lotus loaches, such as geography, water chemistry, water microecology, hydrodynamics and the like, designs the ecological pond based on research results, and provides an ecological pond for domesticating the lotus loaches, which not only simulates the natural living environment of the lotus loaches, but also does not use electrical equipment, avoids corresponding influence on fish shoals, and constructs a natural habitat environment with sufficient fidelity to the greatest extent. The technical proposal is as follows:
An ecological pool for domesticating the loach of the lotus, including the canal, grit chamber, cross ditch and cell body, the water inlet of the canal is connected with stream, the grit chamber connects the delivery port of the canal and water inlet of the ditch separately, the water inlet of the cell body is connected with the water channel, stream water is guided through the canal, get into the cell body after flowing through grit chamber and water channel. The water inlet of the water channel is arranged in a flaring shape, the water channel is covered with a sunshade net, the water inlet of the water channel is provided with a first blocking net, the water outlet is provided with a second blocking net, and a filter screen is arranged in the middle of the grit chamber so as to prevent floaters and object blocks in stream water from entering the tank body. The pool body is enclosed into a cuboid shape by a negative dam, a positive dam and two short dams, the lengths of the negative dam and the positive dam are identical and are larger than the lengths of the short dams, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the two short dams, a shading facility is built above the pool body, the length of the shading facility is identical to that of the negative dam, the width of the shading facility is two thirds of that of the short dams, one long side of the shading facility is arranged on the negative dam, the pool body is divided into a shading area and a sunshine area, the height of the bottom of the pool body from the direction of the water inlet to the direction of the water outlet is gradually reduced, and the gradient is 5%. Three overflow dams are uniformly arranged in the pond body, the overflow dams are arranged in parallel with the short dams, the pond body is divided into four culture ponds, water flow channels are arranged on the overflow dams, and a fish blocking net is arranged on the side face, close to one end of a water inlet of the pond body, and the height of the fish blocking net is higher than that of the overflow dams. The shading facility comprises a shading tile and a shading net, wherein the height of the shading net and the shading tile, which is close to one side of a shading dam, is higher than that of the shading net, which is close to one side of a male dam, the shading net covers the position 60-80 cm above the shading tile, the shading tile adopts plastic rubber tiles, a brick-concrete column support can be built on the overflow dam on the lower side, and a phyllostachys pubescens column support can be built on the shading dam on the higher side; the shading net can fix the reinforcing steel bars on the shading dam and the overflow dam, and then is tied on the reinforcing steel bars for fixing. The shading tile can prevent direct sunlight and provide shadow for the interior of the pool, and the shading net can reduce the irradiation quantity of direct sunlight on the shading tile and prevent the temperature of the shading tile from being too high so as to influence the temperature in the pool.
Further, a slope is arranged at one side of the bottom of the culture pond close to the male dam, the gradient is 21%, the highest point of the slope is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam, the direction from the male dam to the female dam is gradually reduced, the side surface close to the female dam is an arc surface, two end points of the arc surface are 190 cm away from the male dam, the middle point is 90 cm away from the male dam, the slope is formed by stacking gravels with different sizes, gaps for the strawberries to perch are formed between the gravels, and the part filled with fine sand forms an environment favorable for growth of natural bait organisms such as the dayfish. The cultivation pond is internally provided with a perching nest and a table, the perching nest is formed by binding a plurality of bamboo tubes so as to provide perching places for the lotus loaches, and the table is arranged on the side edge of the slope, which is close to the overflow dam, for throwing baits for artificial feeding.
Further, the volume of the grit chamber is 78% of the volume of the chamber body, so as to meet the maximum water exchange requirement in the chamber.
Further, the drop height of the grit chamber and the water inlet channel is 20 cm, and the drop height of the water passing channel and the grit chamber is 50 cm, so that stream water can automatically flow into the tank body.
Further, the first blocking net has a mesh size of 1.5 square centimeters, the second blocking net has a mesh size of 1 square centimeter, the filter screen has a mesh size of 2.5 square millimeters, the fish blocking net has a mesh aperture of 0.8 centimeter, and the fish blocking net is 30 centimeters higher than the overflow dam. Impurities such as floaters, sand and stones in stream water are gradually filtered through the first object blocking net, the second object blocking net and the filter screen, water body cleaning in the pond body is guaranteed, the fish blocking net can ensure that loach seeds of different specifications are mixed between different culture ponds, and disinfection treatment is also facilitated in the domestication process.
Further, the water flow channels of the overflow dams at the two sides are culverts, the water flow channels of the overflow dams in the middle are filter screen type drainage pipes, and the water outlet of the tank body is communicated with the tank body through the filter screen type drainage pipes.
The invention also provides a domestication method for breeding the loaches by using the ecological pool, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: constructing an ecological pool, firstly constructing a water inlet channel, then constructing a sand setting pool, a water passing channel and a pool body, and introducing stream water to cultivate a bionic environment;
Step 2: after the cultivation in the bionic environment is completed for 30 days, the Alcheilis fasciatus is put into the pond body to serve as a water test fish, and after the water test fish grows normally, the wild Alcheilis fasciatus can be put into the pond body to be domesticated;
step 3: collecting and putting wild lotus loaches, collecting the wild lotus loaches in a stream where the lotus loaches inhabit by using a nondestructive fishing tool, and transporting the collected lotus loaches in an oxygenation box. Sterilizing with 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10-15 min before entering the pond, and slowly putting the sterilized potassium permanganate into the treated bionic domestication unit;
step 4: daily management, water disinfection is carried out at intervals before domestication, bait is fed for attracting food, and normal feeding is carried out after success.
In the step 1, the water channel is built firstly, the sunshade net is covered after the water is introduced for solarization for 1 week, and water is continuously introduced for 1 week to cultivate the bionic microenvironment of the water channel. The sand setting pond and the water channel are simultaneously constructed, after the construction is completed, the water channel stream water is accessed, after 1 week, a sunshade net is covered on the water channel, and water is continuously passed for 1 week to cultivate the bionic environment. After the cell body is built, soaking for 1 week, changing water, soaking for 1 week, paving shading tiles, performing open-air solarization for 2 weeks to remove peculiar smell, and covering a shading net.
Further, in the step 4, the water body is disinfected by chlorine dioxide every 15 days in the early period of domestication of the wild lotus loaches, and the wild lotus loaches are cut into sections with the length of 1 cm for feeding by using earthworms, and are put on an arc-shaped slope feeding table in the evening; feeding the complete heavy material containing 32% of protein and assisting the earthworms subjected to early-stage feeding after successful feeding, wherein the feeding time is 19-20:30 in evening. The aquatic compound multi-vitamin and Sanhuang powder is mixed into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding, so as to supplement insufficient vitamins and enhance immunity.
Further, the water depth is kept between 60 and 80 cm during the domestication period, the dissolved oxygen is more than 8 mg/L, and the water temperature is between 14 and 21 ℃. In sunny days with moderate illumination, the shading net is lifted up, so that the sunlight irradiates for 2.5 to 3.5 hours to prevent the breeding of the melon insects caused by too low water temperature and long-term lack of illumination.
The ecological pool for domesticating the loaches and the domestication method provided by the invention have the advantages that the parameters such as dissolved oxygen, PH value and the like of the domesticated water quality are consistent with the natural environment, and the bait organisms such as the dayflower can be propagated, so that the natural habitat environment of the loaches is completely simulated, the stimulation of artificial feeding to the loaches is reduced, and the domestication survival rate is greatly increased.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tank body;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pool body structure without a shading facility;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the channel-to-water channel structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional side structure of a culture pond;
the figure shows: 1-water diversion canal, 2-sand setting pond, 3-water passing canal, 4-first blocking net, 5-second blocking net, 6-filter screen, 7-sunshade net, 8-female dam, 9-male dam, 10-short dam, 11-overflow dam, 12-fish blocking net, 13-culture pond, 14-shading tile, 15-shading net, 16-slope, 17-culvert, 18-filter screen type drainage pipe and 19-perching nest.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented herein only to illustrate the present patent and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
The invention is tested in a number of consecutive tests, and the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to a few tests, as will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and comparative examples:
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. The reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the raw materials, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the following examples are all commercially available or available by existing methods; the reagent dosage is the reagent dosage in the conventional experimental operation if no special description exists; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An ecological pool for domesticating the loach of the lotus, including the canal 1,2 grit chambers, water channel 3 and cell body, excavate the canal 1 in the suitable district of the wild perching stream of the loach of the lotus, 2 grit chambers connect the canal 1, the canal 1 is 50 cm wide, 25 cm deep, its water inlet sets up to fan-shaped, from the water inlet that meets stream to 2 slope of grit chambers are 10%, cover with the sunshade net 7 above. The water inlet of the water channel 1 is provided with a first blocking net 4, the water outlet is provided with a second blocking net 5, the mesh size of the first blocking net 4 is 1.5 square centimeters, and the mesh size of the second blocking net 5 is 1 square centimeter, and the water channel is formed by using reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 1.2 centimeters. The drop between the sand basin 2 and the water channel 1 is 20 cm, a filter screen 6 is arranged in the middle of the sand basin 2, the screen is made of net sheets for aquaculture, the mesh size is 2.5 square millimeters, the water outlet of the screen is connected with the water channel 3, the maximum drop between the water channel 3 and the sand basin 2 is 50 cm, and the water channel 3 is communicated with the water inlet of the tank body, as shown in figure 3.
The pond body is enclosed into a cuboid shape by a female dam 8, a male dam 9 and two short dams 10, the female dam 8 and the male dam 9 are long sides, the short dams 10 are short sides, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the two short dams 10, the height of the bottom of the pond body is gradually reduced from the water inlet to the water outlet, the gradient is 5%, the pond body is divided into four cultivation ponds 13 through overflow dams 11, the length and the width of each cultivation pond 13 are 4 meters, the overflow dams 11 are different in height from 70 cm to 90 cm, and the height difference identical to the gradient of the pond bottom is formed. A fish blocking net 12 with the aperture of 0.8 cm is arranged on one side close to the water inlet of the pond body, the fish blocking net is higher than an overflow dam 1130 cm, culverts 17 are arranged at the bottoms of the overflow dams 11 on two sides, and a filter screen type drainage conduit 18 with the diameter of 110 mm and made of PVC material is arranged on the overflow dam 11 in the middle. The upper part of the tank body is covered with a shading facility, two thirds of the shading facility is covered by Chi Timian and is divided into two layers, the lower layer is a shading tile 14 which is built by plastic rubber tiles, the upper layer is a shading net 15, and the shading net 15 and the shading net 7 are black polyethylene nets. The shading tile 14 is arranged in a gradient manner, one high end is supported on the shading dam 8 by a phyllostachys pubescens upright post, and the other low end is supported by a brick-concrete upright post arranged on the overflow dam 11. The shade net 15 is laid and bound on the framework by arranging reinforced columns on the shade dam 8 and the brick-concrete columns and then welding the framework, and the shade net 15 is arranged at a height 60-80 cm higher than the shade tiles 14, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The bottom of each culture pond 13 is provided with a slope 16, the slope 16 is arranged on one side close to the male dam 9, the water-horse loaches with different sizes inhabit the gravels in the streams and are piled up, the highest point is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam 11, and the gradient is 21%. The side surface of the slope 16, which is close to the female dam 8, is an arc surface, two arc end points of the slope are close to overflow dams 11 or short dams 10 at two ends of the curing pool, two end points are 9190 cm away from the male dam, and the middle point is 990 cm away from the male dam. The perching nest 19 is placed at a proper position on the slope 16, the perching nest 19 is made of bamboo tubes of Ci bamboo, each section of bamboo tube is 30 cm long, the aperture is 3-6 cm, the inner round part and the outer round part at the openings at two ends of the bamboo tube are polished smooth by gauze to avoid injury of fish bodies, each 4 sections of bamboo tubes are parallelly bound into one row and then are overlapped and bound into each two rows or three rows, and the perching nest is placed in the culture pond 13 after the perching nest is manufactured and soaked for 48 hours, so that the wild lotus loaches can perch. A feeding table is fixed on the side of the slope 16 close to the overflow dam 11, and 15-20 gravels with larger diameters are randomly laid at the bottom of each culture pond 13, as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
Example two
A method for domesticating the loaches by adopting the ecological pool provided in the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step 1: firstly building a water channel 1 with the length of about 50 meters, then insolating for 1 week by water, covering a sunshade net 7, then continuing to water for 1 week to cultivate the bionic microenvironment of the water channel 1, building a grit chamber 2 and a water channel 3, after building, accessing stream water of the water channel 1, covering the sunshade net 7 on the water channel 3 after 1 week, and continuously water for 1 week to cultivate the bionic microenvironment. The pool body is built outdoors, water is added for soaking for 1 week after the building is completed, and water is changed for 1 week. Then, the shading tiles 14 are laid and exposed to the open air for 2 weeks, and then the shading net 15 is covered.
Step 2: putting the water in the ecological pond for 30 days, putting the water-carrying fish which is co-dwelling with the loach of the lotus, taking the water-carrying fish as a water-testing fish, and putting the wild loach of the lotus into the ecological pond for domestication after the water-testing fish grows normally.
Step 3: wild loaches are collected at backwater positions of the stream water in the evening to late night by using a nondestructive fishing tool in the stream where the loaches inhabit. And (5) placing the collected loaches into an oxygenation box for transportation. And (3) disinfecting the wild lotus loaches by 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10-15 minutes before putting the wild lotus loaches into a pond, and slowly putting the wild lotus loaches into the treated bionic domestication unit. 208 tails of wild lotus loaches are put in together, and the body length ranges from 84.49 mm to 167.05 mm; the weight range is 5.2044-23.5075 g.
Step 4: the chlorine dioxide is used for disinfecting the water body every 15 days in the early period of domestication of the wild loach. In the early stage of domestication, large second-size earthworms are used for feeding, the earthworms need to be cut into sections with the length of 1 cm, and the sections are put on a table on a slope 16 of the culture pond 13 in the evening. Feeding complete heavy material containing 32% of protein and assisting with the first-stage feeding of Lumbricus maxima. The feed is administered once a day, and the feeding time is 19-20:30 hours in the evening. The aquatic compound multi-vitamin and Sanhuang powder is mixed into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding, so as to supplement insufficient vitamins and enhance immunity. The sludge on the bionic arc slope 16 and the bionic overflow dam 11 is removed after half-month domestication, and a good habitat is provided for the lotus loaches, the natural baits thereof, and the like.
The water depth is kept at 60-80 cm during the whole domestication period, the dissolved oxygen is more than 8 mg/L, the water temperature is controlled at 14-21 ℃, and the flow speed and the flow quantity of the whole pond body are controlled through a water outlet gate valve and an overflow port on a fourth bionic domestication unit. On sunny days with moderate illumination, the upper layer shading net 15 is lifted, so that sunlight irradiates for about 3 hours to prevent the breeding of the melon insects caused by too low water temperature and long-term lack of illumination.
The whole-period domestication of the embodiment is carried out for 3 months, the wild lotus loaches are suitable for manual feeding and other operations, the wild lotus loaches are domesticated into living 203 tails, and the domestication survival rate is 97.6%.
Comparative example one
The method for collecting the wild lotus loaches by artificial domestication in the aquarium is the same as that in the second embodiment. The water level of the aquarium is kept about 50 cm during the domestication period, an aeration oxygenation device is built in, 8 mg/L potassium manganate is used for medicated bath of fish bodies before the domestication, and chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the like are respectively used for disinfecting water bodies according to the morbidity of the fish bodies at different stages during the domestication period. The aquatic animal barrel with melon worm is treated with methylene blue, and erythromycin ointment is applied to the fish with bacterial hemorrhagic disease to smear the hemorrhagic part, florfenicol bait is mixed with Wuhuang powder and veterinary 'golden vitamin' to treat. The whole process of domestication is shaded, oxygenation is carried out for 24 hours, and the temperature of the domestication water is 15-18 ℃. Feeding the limnodrilus on the 8 th day, continuously feeding for 7 days, and then feeding the earthworm, the yellow mealworm, the black soldier fly and the Tongwei 8616 large scale secondary mud feed in turn; 1 time is changed every 7 days, and 1/4 to 1/3 of water is changed every time. Data investigation and statistics were performed 60 days after acclimatization.
The comparative example was domesticated for 3 months in the whole period, the 189 ends of the loaches were domesticated together, the 158 ends were survived, and the unexpected death caused by sudden power failure, hypoxia and sudden drop of air temperature was deducted, and the survival rate was 84%.
Comparative example two
The ecological pool of the first embodiment is adopted for cultivation with the cultivation method of the second embodiment, and the difference is that the water flow speed in the pool body is one third of that in the second embodiment, the pool water depth exceeds 90 cm, and the cultivation pool 13 is not provided with a perching nest 19.
The comparative example is domesticated for 3 months in the whole period, 61 tails of wild lotus loaches are put in for domestication, the domestication survival rate is 42 tails, and the domestication survival rate is 68.8%.
By comparing the first embodiment with the second embodiment and the first and second comparison, the ecological pool for domesticating the loaches and the domestication method provided by the invention can greatly improve the domestication survival rate of the loaches.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological pool for domesticating the loach of the lotus, including canal (1), grit chamber (2), water canal (3) and cell body, its characterized in that:
The sand setting tank (2) is respectively connected with the water outlet of the water inlet channel (1) and the water inlet of the water passing channel (3), and the water inlet of the tank body is connected with the water passing channel (3); the water inlet of the water channel (1) is in a flaring shape, a sunshade net (7) is covered on the water inlet, a first blocking net (4) is arranged at the water inlet, and a second blocking net (5) is arranged at the water outlet; a filter screen (6) is arranged in the middle of the grit chamber (2);
The pool body is enclosed by a female dam (8), a male dam (9) and two short dams (10) into a rectangular shape, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the two short dams (10), the height of the bottom of the pool body from the direction of the water inlet to the direction of the water outlet is gradually reduced, and the gradient is 5%; a shading facility is arranged above the pond body, the length of the shading facility is consistent with that of the shading dam (8), the width of the shading facility is two thirds of that of the short dam (10), and one long side of the shading facility is lapped on the shading dam (8); three overflow dams (11) with water flow channels are uniformly arranged in the pond body, the overflow dams (11) are arranged in parallel with the short dams (10), and the side surface of one end, close to the water inlet of the pond body, of the overflow dam (11) is provided with a fish blocking net (12) for dividing the pond body into four cultivation ponds (13);
The shading facility comprises a shading tile (14) and a shading net (15), wherein the height of the shading net (15) and the shading tile (14) at one side close to the shading dam (8) is higher than that at one side close to the male dam (9), and the shading net (15) covers a position 60-80 cm above the shading tile (14);
A slope (16) with a gradient of 21% is arranged at one side, close to the male dam (9), of the bottom of the culture pond (13), the slope (16) is formed by gravel packing, the highest point is 30 cm away from the top surface of the overflow dam (11), the direction from the male dam (9) to the female dam (8) is gradually reduced, the side surface, close to the female dam (8), is an arc surface, two end points of the arc surface are 190 cm away from the male dam (9), and the middle point is 90 cm away from the male dam (9); a perching nest (19) and a table are arranged in the culture pond, and the perching nest (19) is formed by binding a plurality of bamboo tubes;
The water flow channel comprises a culvert (17) and a filter screen type drainage conduit (18), the culvert (17) is arranged on the overflow dams (11) at the two sides, and the filter screen type drainage conduit (18) is arranged on the overflow dams (11) in the middle; the water outlet of the tank body is connected with a filter screen type drainage conduit (18).
2. The ecological pool of claim 1, wherein: the volume of the sand setting tank (2) is 78% of the volume of the tank body.
3. The ecological pool of claim 2, wherein: the drop height of the sand setting tank (2) and the water inlet channel (1) is 20 cm, and the drop height of the water passing channel (3) and the sand setting tank (2) is 50 cm.
4. An ecological pool according to claim 3, characterized in that: the meshes of the first blocking net (4) are 1.5 square centimeters, the meshes of the second blocking net (5) are 1 square centimeter, the meshes of the filter screen (6) are 2.5 square millimeters, the mesh aperture of the fish blocking net (12) is 0.8 centimeter, and the fish blocking net (12) is 30 centimeters higher than the overflow dam (11).
5. A method of domesticating a loach in an ecological pool as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
Step 1: constructing an ecological pool, firstly constructing a water inlet channel (1), then constructing a grit chamber (2), a water passing channel (3) and a pool body, and introducing stream water to cultivate a bionic environment;
Step 2: after the cultivation in the bionic environment is completed for 30 days, the Alcheilis fasciatus is put into the pond body to serve as a water test fish, and after the water test fish grows normally, the wild Alcheilis fasciatus can be put into the pond body to be domesticated;
Step 3: collecting and putting wild lotus loaches, collecting the wild lotus loaches in a stream where the lotus loaches inhabit, and transporting the collected lotus loaches in an oxygenation box; sterilizing with 8 mg/L potassium permanganate for 10-15 min before entering the pond, and slowly putting the sterilized potassium permanganate into the treated bionic domestication unit;
step 4: daily management, water disinfection is carried out at intervals before domestication, bait is fed for attracting food, and normal feeding is carried out after success.
6. The method of domestication of claim 5, wherein: in the step 1, firstly, constructing a water channel (1), covering a sunshade net (7) after water is introduced and insolated for 1 week, and then continuing water passing for 1 week to cultivate a bionic microenvironment of the water channel (1); the sand setting tank (2) and the water channel (3) are simultaneously constructed, after construction, the water channel (1) is connected with stream water, after 1 week, a sunshade net (7) is covered on the water channel (3), and water is continuously passed for 1 week to cultivate a bionic environment; after the cell body is built, soaking for 1 week, changing water, soaking for 1 week, paving shading tiles (14), exposing for 2 weeks in the open air to remove peculiar smell, and covering a shading net (15).
7. The method of domestication of claim 6, wherein: in the step 4, chlorine dioxide is used for disinfecting water body once every 15 days in the early stage of domestication, earthworms are cut into sections with the length of 1 cm for feeding, and the sections are put on an arc-shaped slope (16) table in the evening; feeding the complete heavy material containing 32% of protein and assisting earthworms subjected to early-stage feeding after feeding successfully, wherein the feeding time is 19-20:30 in evening; the aquatic compound multi-dimensional and Sanhuang powder is mixed into the feed every three days after 15 days of feeding.
8. The method of domestication of claim 7, wherein: the water depth is kept at 60-80 cm during the domestication period, the dissolved oxygen is more than 8 mg/L, the water temperature is 14-21 ℃, and the shading net (15) is lifted up on a sunny day with moderate illumination, so that the sunshine is irradiated for 2.5-3.5 hours.
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