CN108401951A - A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach - Google Patents

A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108401951A
CN108401951A CN201810293410.8A CN201810293410A CN108401951A CN 108401951 A CN108401951 A CN 108401951A CN 201810293410 A CN201810293410 A CN 201810293410A CN 108401951 A CN108401951 A CN 108401951A
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parts
homer
loach
feed
breeding method
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刘从信
刘子昱
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Zhenyuan Morning Hill Aquatic Technology Co Ltd
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Zhenyuan Morning Hill Aquatic Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A23KFODDER
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    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract

The invention belongs to aquaculture fields, disclose a kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, include the following steps:Parent population selects:Select 3 more than age sexually matured parent populations;Parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram is hastened parturition the biological oxytocins of 5~12 grams of addition in feed, continuous to feed one week;Artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, injects oxytocic hormone, induces its oviposition and sperm drainage;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out;Fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk and the flesh of fish after being cooked are fed;Hatching is transferred to fry rearing pond after 7~10 days, feed open-mouthed bait, and fry body length gradually tames and dociles food with mixed feed when reaching 2cm, pays attention to cleaning-sterilizing in pond, prevents disease.Artificial breeding method of the present invention substantially reduces the time of Homer loach breeding, improves fertility rate and hatchability, improve the yield of Homer loach.

Description

A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, more particularly to a kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach.
Background technology
Homer loach is under the jurisdiction of Cypriniformes and climbs Cobitidae Nemacheilinae, belongs to China's endemic species, fish majority population quantity Greatly, continuously distributed, age composition is more complex, is distributed widely in China the Yellow River, the Changjiang river, the Zhujiang River and Lancang River water system, belongs to small-sized Fish, body length are generally 10~17cm, and bottom is dwelt life, likes living in the stone cave environment that flowing water washes away, generally in mountain area tributary Middle quantity is more, will then be swum out of come the bait brought by flood of looking for food when flood.Usually happiness inhabit rock seam, stone gap or The return water gulf activity of more megaliths.
Currently, most of fish can obtain fertilized eggs by artificial induced spawning, a small number of fish are because of special gonad knot The reasons such as structure and special breeding habit, there are artificial induced spawning difficulties.Homer loach is because live in rock seam, stone gap or more megaliths Return water gulf in, quantity is few, and its breeding habit always be people understand, therefore study Homer loach artificial breeding method It has important practical significance.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of artificial breeding methods of Homer loach, substantially reduce lotus The time of horse loach breeding, fertility rate and hatchability is improved, the yield of Homer loach is improved.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows:
A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, includes the following steps:
(1) parent population selects:3 more than age sexually matured parent populations are selected, take flowing water culture pond to cultivate parent population, parent population is put in a suitable place to breed close Degree is 15~20 tails/m2
(2) parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram hastens parturition and adds 5~12 grams in feed Biological oxytocins, it is continuous to feed one week;
(3) artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, injects compound oxytocic hormone, It is placed in spawning inducing pool, induces its oviposition and sperm drainage;It hastens parturition after 8~10h, by female-male proportion 1:2 combos are put into spawning pond, are carried out Artificial dry method fertilization;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out;Incubator is periodically rocked in hatching process, prevents from being fertilized Ovum is accumulated, and entire hatching process shading avoids direct sunlight;
(4) fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk after being cooked and fish are fed Meat;Hatching is transferred to fry rearing pond after 7~10 days, fry breeding density is 1000~1500 tails/m2, open-mouthed bait is fed, often Secondary to be fed by 3~8% forage volume of fry weight, fry body length gradually tames and dociles food when reaching 2cm with mixed feed, pays attention to Cleaning-sterilizing in pond prevents disease.
Preferably, feed of hastening parturition described in step (2) includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50~60 parts of loach powder, air bladder 40~50 parts, 40~50 parts of oyster shell whiting, 30~40 parts of dried small shrimp, 30~40 parts of wheat bran, 25~30 parts of walnut kernel, HERBA EPIMEDII 20~30 Part, 20~30 parts of the fleece-flower root, 20~30 parts of Chinese yam, 20~30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10~15 parts of arginine, multi-vitamins 5 ~10 parts.
Preferably, biological oxytocins described in step (2) mixes gained by the raw material powder of following parts by weight:Rhizome of chuanxiong 20~ 30 parts, 20~25 parts of the root bark of tree peony, 15~20 parts of ginseng, 10~20 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 10~20 parts of onion, 10~20 parts of jujube, Semen Cuscutae 10~20 parts.
Preferably, incubator temperature described in step (3) is 15~25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen content is 5~10mg/L.
Preferably, the depth of water keeps 30~40cm in incubator described in step (3).
Preferably, fry bait described in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50~60 parts of fishbone dust, leech 30~40 parts of powder, 20~30 parts of egg yolk, 20~30 parts of bean powder, 20~30 parts of fish oil, 15~25 parts of felwort, Radix Astragali 15~20 Part, 10~20 parts of kelp, 10~15 parts of compound amino acid, 5~10 parts of trace element, 3~10 parts of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid 3~ 10 parts.
Preferably, mixed feed described in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Ferment 50~60 parts of lemon dregs, 40~50 parts of fishbone dust, 30~40 parts of crude protein powder, 20~30 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 20~30 parts of pork liver, 20~30 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 20~30 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 20~30 parts of palma, 20~30 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10~15 parts of multi-vitamins, 5~10 parts of taurine, 3~10 parts of choline chloride.
Preferably, cleaning-sterilizing described in step (4) is killed virus to pond and pond water with disinfectant, usage amount For 80~120ml/m2
Preferably, the disinfectant includes the raw material of following parts by weight:20~30 parts of wood vinegar, heteroauxin 20~30 Part, 20~30 parts of allicin, 10~20 parts of rhizoma extracting liquid, 5~10 parts of cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium.
The advantageous effect of the present invention compared with prior art:
Homer loach is bred using artificial breeding method of the present invention, fertilization time is short, and the binding capacity of sperm and ovum is big, by Smart rate is high, reaches 95% or more, and the breeding time is short, and hatching rate is high, reaches 85% or more, and survival rate of fish fry reaches 90% or more, And processing operation of hastening parturition is simple, reduces the amount of labour, improves culture efficiency.
Specific implementation mode
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, includes the following steps:
(1) parent population selects:3 more than age sexually matured parent populations are selected, take flowing water culture pond to cultivate parent population, parent population is put in a suitable place to breed close Degree is 15~20 tails/m2
(2) parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram hastens parturition and adds 5 grams of biologies in feed Oxytocins, it is continuous to feed one week;
Wherein, feed of hastening parturition includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50 parts of loach powder, 40 parts of air bladder, 40 parts of oyster shell whiting, dried small shrimp 30 parts, 30 parts of wheat bran, 25 parts of walnut kernel, 20 parts of HERBA EPIMEDII, 20 parts of the fleece-flower root, 20 parts of Chinese yam, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, arginine 10 parts, 5 parts of multi-vitamins;
Wherein, biological oxytocins mixes gained by the raw material powder of following parts by weight:20 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 20 parts of the root bark of tree peony, ginseng 15 parts, 10 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 10 parts of onion, 10 parts of jujube, 10 parts of Semen Cuscutae;
(3) artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, injects compound oxytocic hormone, It is placed in spawning inducing pool, induces its oviposition and sperm drainage;It hastens parturition after 8~10h, by female-male proportion 1:2 combos are put into spawning pond, are carried out Artificial dry method fertilization;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out, setting incubator temperature is 15 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen content is 5mg/L, the depth of water keep 30cm;Incubator is periodically rocked in hatching process, prevents fertilized eggs from accumulating, entire hatching process shading, Avoid direct sunlight;
(4) fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk after being cooked and fish are fed Meat;Hatching is transferred to fry rearing pond after 7~10 days, fry breeding density is 1000 tails/m2, open-mouthed bait is fed, presses fish every time 3% forage volume of seedling body weight is fed, and fry body length gradually tames and dociles food when reaching 2cm with mixed feed, periodically uses disinfectant It kills virus to pond and pond water, usage amount 80ml/m2
Wherein, fry bait includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50 parts of fishbone dust, 30 parts of leech powder, 20 parts of egg yolk, beans 20 parts of powder, 20 parts of fish oil, 15 parts of felwort, 15 parts of Radix Astragali, 10 parts of kelp, 10 parts of compound amino acid, 5 parts of trace element, Ye Lv 3 parts of element, 3 parts of ascorbic acid;
Wherein, mixed feed includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Ferment 50 parts of lemon dregs, 40 parts of fishbone dust, crude protein powder 30 parts, 20 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 20 parts of pork liver, 20 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 20 parts of palma, 20 parts of cordate houttuynia, compound dimension life 10 parts of element, 5 parts of taurine, 3 parts of choline chloride;
Wherein, disinfectant includes the raw material of following parts by weight:20 parts of wood vinegar, 20 parts of heteroauxin, 20 parts of allicin, Huang Even 10 parts of extracting solution, 5 parts of cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium.
Embodiment 2
A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, includes the following steps:
(1) parent population selects:3 more than age sexually matured parent populations are selected, take flowing water culture pond to cultivate parent population, parent population is put in a suitable place to breed close Degree is 18 tails/m2
(2) parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram hastens parturition and adds 8 grams of biologies in feed Oxytocins, it is continuous to feed one week;
Wherein, feed of hastening parturition includes the raw material of following parts by weight:55 parts of loach powder, 45 parts of air bladder, 45 parts of oyster shell whiting, dried small shrimp 35 parts, 35 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of walnut kernel, 25 parts of HERBA EPIMEDII, 25 parts of the fleece-flower root, 25 parts of Chinese yam, 25 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, arginine 12 parts, 8 parts of multi-vitamins;
Wherein, biological oxytocins mixes gained by the raw material powder of following parts by weight:25 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 25 parts of the root bark of tree peony, ginseng 20 parts, 15 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 15 parts of onion, 15 parts of jujube, 15 parts of Semen Cuscutae;
(3) artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, injects compound oxytocic hormone, It is placed in spawning inducing pool, induces its oviposition and sperm drainage;It hastens parturition after 8~10h, by female-male proportion 1:2 combos are put into spawning pond, are carried out Artificial dry method fertilization;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out, setting incubator temperature is 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen content is 8mg/L, the depth of water keep 40cm;Incubator is periodically rocked in hatching process, prevents fertilized eggs from accumulating, entire hatching process shading, Avoid direct sunlight;
(4) fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk after being cooked and fish are fed Meat;Hatching is transferred to fry rearing pond after 7~10 days, fry breeding density is 1200 tails/m2, open-mouthed bait is fed, presses fish every time 5% forage volume of seedling body weight is fed, and fry body length gradually tames and dociles food when reaching 2cm with mixed feed, periodically uses disinfectant It kills virus to pond and pond water, usage amount 100ml/m2
Wherein, fry bait includes the raw material of following parts by weight:55 parts of fishbone dust, 35 parts of leech powder, 25 parts of egg yolk, beans 25 parts of powder, 25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of felwort, 18 parts of Radix Astragali, 15 parts of kelp, 12 parts of compound amino acid, 8 parts of trace element, Ye Lv 5 parts of element, 5 parts of ascorbic acid;
Wherein, mixed feed includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Ferment 55 parts of lemon dregs, 45 parts of fishbone dust, crude protein powder 35 parts, 25 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 25 parts of pork liver, 25 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 25 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 25 parts of palma, 25 parts of cordate houttuynia, compound dimension life 12 parts of element, 8 parts of taurine, 5 parts of choline chloride;
Wherein, disinfectant includes the raw material of following parts by weight:25 parts of wood vinegar, 25 parts of heteroauxin, 25 parts of allicin, Huang Even 15 parts of extracting solution, 8 parts of cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium.
Embodiment 3
A kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, includes the following steps:
(1) parent population selects:3 more than age sexually matured parent populations are selected, take flowing water culture pond to cultivate parent population, parent population is put in a suitable place to breed close Degree is 20 tails/m2
(2) parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram hastens parturition and adds 12 grams of lifes in feed Object oxytocins, it is continuous to feed one week;
Wherein, feed of hastening parturition includes the raw material of following parts by weight:60 parts of loach powder, 50 parts of air bladder, 50 parts of oyster shell whiting, dried small shrimp 40 parts, 40 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of walnut kernel, 30 parts of HERBA EPIMEDII, 30 parts of the fleece-flower root, 30 parts of Chinese yam, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, arginine 15 parts, 10 parts of multi-vitamins;
Wherein, biological oxytocins mixes gained by the raw material powder of following parts by weight:30 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 25 parts of the root bark of tree peony, ginseng 20 parts, 20 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 20 parts of onion, 20 parts of jujube, 20 parts of Semen Cuscutae;
(3) artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, injects compound oxytocic hormone, It is placed in spawning inducing pool, induces its oviposition and sperm drainage;It hastens parturition after 8~10h, by female-male proportion 1:2 combos are put into spawning pond, are carried out Artificial dry method fertilization;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out, setting incubator temperature is 25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen content is 10mg/L, the depth of water keep 40cm;Incubator is periodically rocked in hatching process, prevents fertilized eggs from accumulating, entire hatching process shading, Avoid direct sunlight;
(4) fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk after being cooked and fish are fed Meat;Hatching is transferred to fry rearing pond after 7~10 days, fry breeding density is 1500 tails/m2, open-mouthed bait is fed, presses fish every time 3~8% forage volume of seedling body weight is fed, and gradually food is tamed and dociled with mixed feed when fry body length reaches 2cm, periodically with disinfection Agent kills virus to pond and pond water, usage amount 120ml/m2
Wherein, fry bait includes the raw material of following parts by weight:60 parts of fishbone dust, 40 parts of leech powder, 30 parts of egg yolk, beans 30 parts of powder, 30 parts of fish oil, 25 parts of felwort, 20 parts of Radix Astragali, 20 parts of kelp, 10~15 parts of compound amino acid, 10 parts of trace element, 10 parts of chlorophyll, 10 parts of ascorbic acid;
Wherein, mixed feed includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Ferment 60 parts of lemon dregs, 50 parts of fishbone dust, crude protein powder 40 parts, 30 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 30 parts of pork liver, 30 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 30 parts of palma, 30 parts of cordate houttuynia, compound dimension life 15 parts of element, 10 parts of taurine, 10 parts of choline chloride;
Wherein, disinfectant includes the raw material of following parts by weight:30 parts of wood vinegar, 30 parts of heteroauxin, 30 parts of allicin, Huang Even 20 parts of extracting solution, 10 parts of cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of artificial breeding method of Homer loach, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) parent population selects:3 more than age sexually matured parent populations are selected, flowing water culture pond is taken to cultivate parent population, parent population breeding density is 15~20 tails/m2
(2) parent population cultivates:In the last week of hastening parturition, feed of hastening parturition is fed, wherein per kilogram hastens parturition and adds 5~12 grams of biologies in feed Oxytocins, it is continuous to feed one week;
(3) artificial induced spawning is fertilized:In Homer loach mating period, sexually matured parent population is selected, compound oxytocic hormone is injected, is placed in In spawning inducing pool, its oviposition and sperm drainage are induced;It hastens parturition after 8~10h, by female-male proportion 1:2 combos are put into spawning pond, are carried out artificial Dry method is fertilized;Hatch in incubator by fertilized eggs are evenly laid out;Incubator is periodically rocked in hatching process, prevents fertilized eggs heap Product, entire hatching process shading avoid direct sunlight;
(4) fry rearing:After fertilized eggs in incubator are all hatched 2~7 days, the egg yolk and the flesh of fish after being cooked are fed;It incubates Fry rearing pond is transferred to after changing 7~10 days, fry breeding density is 1000~1500 tails/m2, open-mouthed bait is fed, presses fish every time 3~8% forage volume of seedling body weight is fed, and fry body length gradually tames and dociles food when reaching 2cm with mixed feed, is paid attention to clear in pond Clean disinfection prevents disease.
2. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step is hastened parturition described in (2) Feed includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50~60 parts of loach powder, 40~50 parts of air bladder, 40~50 parts of oyster shell whiting, dried small shrimp 30~ 40 parts, 30~40 parts of wheat bran, 25~30 parts of walnut kernel, 20~30 parts of HERBA EPIMEDII, 20~30 parts of the fleece-flower root, 20~30 parts of Chinese yam, 20~30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10~15 parts of arginine, 5~10 parts of multi-vitamins.
3. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that biological described in step (2) Oxytocins mixes gained by the raw material powder of following parts by weight:20~30 parts of rhizome of chuanxiong, 20~25 parts of the root bark of tree peony, 15~20 parts of ginseng, 10~20 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 10~20 parts of onion, 10~20 parts of jujube, 10~20 parts of Semen Cuscutae.
4. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step is hatched described in (3) Box temperature degree is 15~25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen content is 5~10mg/L.
5. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step is hatched described in (3) The depth of water keeps 30~40cm in case.
6. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fry described in step (4) Bait includes the raw material of following parts by weight:50~60 parts of fishbone dust, 30~40 parts of leech powder, 20~30 parts of egg yolk, bean powder 20 ~30 parts, 20~30 parts of fish oil, 15~25 parts of felwort, 15~20 parts of Radix Astragali, 10~20 parts of kelp, compound amino acid 10~15 Part, 5~10 parts of trace element, 3~10 parts of chlorophyll, 3~10 parts of ascorbic acid.
7. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step coordinates described in (4) Feed includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Ferment 50~60 parts of lemon dregs, 40~50 parts of fishbone dust, 30~40 parts of crude protein powder, 20~30 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 20~30 parts of pork liver, 20~30 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 20~30 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 20~30 parts of palma, fish raw meat 20~30 parts of grass, 10~15 parts of multi-vitamins, 5~10 parts of taurine, 3~10 parts of choline chloride.
8. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step cleans described in (4) Disinfection is killed virus to pond and pond water with disinfectant, and usage amount is 80~120ml/m2
9. the artificial breeding method of Homer loach according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the disinfectant includes as follows The raw material of parts by weight:20~30 parts of wood vinegar, 20~30 parts of heteroauxin, 20~30 parts of allicin, rhizoma extracting liquid 10~20 Part, 5~10 parts of cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium.
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CN115777602A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-03-14 四川大学 Ecological pond and domestication method for domesticating loaches with Holly horses

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