CN116831068B - Small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system and method - Google Patents
Small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated cultivation method, which is characterized in that a cultivation area, a tail water treatment area and a photovoltaic power generation area are arranged to form the situation of upper power generation and lower fish cultivation, meanwhile, the water surface area and cultivation benefits are comprehensively considered by the photovoltaic panel, the cultivation target of 'fishing light complementation' is completed under the condition of ensuring the cultivation benefits under the photovoltaic panel, the novel green energy-photovoltaic power generation source supply can be increased, the stable supply of aquaculture products can be ensured, the comprehensive income of farmers is improved, and the realization of the yield and income increasing targets of farmers is promoted; the method realizes water inlet and drainage separation, achieves high-efficiency ecological treatment of the aquaculture tail water to achieve standard emission or recycling, is beneficial to reducing the influence of the emission in the aquaculture process on the surrounding ecological environment and the consumption of water resources in the production process, reduces the use of medicines in the aquaculture process, promotes the quality improvement and synergy of aquaculture, and promotes the high-quality development of industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish light complementary cultivation, in particular to a small-pond intensive single-pond circulating fish light integrated cultivation system and method.
Background
The complementary fish-light cultivation is a cultivation mode which takes photosynthetic microorganisms as resources and provides oxygen and organic matters for aquatic organisms to be cultivated through oxygen and organic matters generated by photosynthesis. In the cultivation mode, the photosynthetic microorganisms can fully utilize waste discharged in the cultivation process, regenerate nutrients in the water body, simultaneously provide oxygen and food for cultivated organisms, form a virtuous circle system, and improve cultivation efficiency and aquatic organism cultivation quality. The mode can also lighten the pollution to the natural water environment and protect aquatic resources and ecological environment.
The existing fish light complementation cultivation is easy to be restricted by the problems of few cultivation varieties, weak cultivation technology and the like, the overall technical level of ' fish light complementation ' is low, the cultivation benefit is low, even the industrial status of ' no fish exists in the presence of light in some fish light complementation projects, the true complementation cannot be formed by photovoltaics and fishery, in addition, the problem of shielding sunlight by a photovoltaic panel can also exist when the fish light complementation cultivation is carried out, and the detail problems of low cultivation benefit and the like can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the defects in the prior art and provides a small-pond intensive single-pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system and method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
specifically, a method for cultivating carnivorous fish and shrimp in a small pond intensive single pond circulating fish light integrated cultivation system is provided, which comprises,
aiming at the carnivorous fish culture method:
step 110, seedling adaptation stage: after the seedlings enter the culture system, the seedlings need to be screened once every 1.5-3 days to prevent the seedlings from being killed by each other, and the seedlings need to be disinfected after each screening;
step 120, feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: purchasing commercial feed for feeding, wherein the mixed feed additive is required to be adjusted according to the state of the cultured fish before the commercial feed is fed, purified water or fish oil is used as a material mixing solvent, and lactobacillus, beta-glucan, liver and intestine health, bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like are mixed, so that the nutrition of the commercial fish feed is enhanced;
130, commodity cultivation stage cultivation operation management: carrying out standardized and refined management on the cultured commercial fish, changing water once per day in the whole pond, and brushing the bottom of the pond wall once; because the fish germplasm is not uniform, screening is carried out once every 15-45 days according to the growth state of the fish, and the fish pond is integrally cleaned by adopting low-concentration oxalic acid; carrying out running water disinfection treatment by using povidone iodine and the like after each sieving;
step 140, circulating water quality management in commodity cultivation stage: detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 15-45 days by utilizing circulating water of a cultivation system for running water cultivation, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters at the bottom of a tail water ditch dirt precipitation area by adopting mobile dirt absorbing equipment, and performing innocent treatment after removing pollutants for fermentation;
the shrimp culture method comprises the following steps:
step 210, seedling adaptation stage: after quarantine is selected to be qualified, the length of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings is more than 0.5cm, the reverse water swimming capability is strong, the specifications are regular, the body color is normal, the body surface is clean, and the stomach food plumpness is good; feeding for 4-6 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% -8%;
220, feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: feeding commercial feed special for the penaeus vannamei, feeding for 3-6 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% -6%, the mixed feed additive is required to be adjusted according to the water quality and the shrimp body condition before feeding the commercial feed, and lactobacillus, beta-glucan, bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like are mixed by using purified water or fish oil as a mixing solvent, so that the nutrition of the penaeus vannamei feed is enhanced;
step 230, management of commodity cultivation stage cultivation operation: carrying out standardized and refined management, frequently observing the water color of the culture pond, controlling the daily water change amount to be 5% -10% of the total water amount, changing 1/3 of the water every 10-15 d, strengthening daily patrol, observing the ingestion and growth conditions of shrimps, periodically detecting algae, bacterial colony and water quality in the water body, and periodically sprinkling living bacteria into the culture pond;
step 240, water quality management of circulating water in the cultivation stage: and (3) carrying out running water cultivation by using circulating water of a cultivation system, detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 15-45 days, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters and shrimp shells at the bottom of a precipitation area by using mobile sewage suction equipment, and carrying out innocent treatment after pollutant removal and fermentation.
The invention also provides a small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system, which comprises:
the tail water treatment area is used for treating the tail water of the culture system and sequentially comprises a sedimentation area, an adsorption pile ecological treatment area, a darkening treatment area and a sand well according to the flow sequence, a partition board is arranged between the functional areas, the tail water is enabled to flow in a turn-back way up and down in the functional areas of the tail water treatment area through the partition board,
wherein the sedimentation area is used for sedimentation of tail water particulate matters, a filtering dam is arranged at the outlet of the rear end and filters out tail water to the next functional area through the gravity altitude difference,
the ecological treatment area of the adsorption pile is used for removing COD substances in the tail water, is also provided with the adsorption pile, the green planting floating row and the regular splashing of the water regulator for treating the tail water substances of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the tail water,
the darkening treatment area is used for shading water body and is used for collecting plankton in the water body to the bottom of the water body,
the sand well is used for further filtering the water flowing out of the darkening treatment area;
the culture area is filled with the foundation higher than the tail water treatment area so as to be convenient for water drainage, and comprises a plurality of culture ponds which are intensive culture ponds, a pond drain pipe, a filter pump and an aerator,
wherein a drainage well is arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the drainage well is communicated with the input end of a small pond blow-down pipe arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the output end of the small pond blow-down pipe is communicated with a sedimentation area of a tail water treatment area,
the filter pump is arranged in the sand well to pump water, the water body is pumped into the cultivation area for recycling after being further filtered by the filter pump,
the aerator is used for aerating the water body in the cultivation area;
the water outlet of the tail water treatment area is connected with the water inlet of the cultivation area through a water supply pipe after passing through a sand filtration tank, so that water circularly flows in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area;
the photovoltaic power generation area comprises a plurality of photovoltaic plates, wherein the photovoltaic plates are fixed through photovoltaic fixing piles arranged in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area, and the photovoltaic plates are arranged in the upper-layer space of the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area and used for providing electric energy for a cultivation system.
Further, the filter dam comprises an upstream grating plate and a downstream grating plate, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are inserted into the riverbed through fixing piles to be fixed, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are filled with fillers, the fillers are respectively an aquatic plant layer and a biological filler layer from top to bottom, and a filter brush layer is further arranged in the aquatic plant layer.
Further, specifically, the foundation of the cultivation area is filled up 1-1.5 meters higher than the tail water treatment area.
Further, specifically, the area of the cultivation area accounts for 25% -50% of the area of the whole cultivation system; the culture small pool is a round corner square pool with the area of 15-25 square meters and the height of 1.2-1.5 meters.
Further, specifically, the biological filler layer is corallite and active carbon filler layer.
Further, specifically, the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are the same, the distances between the photovoltaic panels are the same, and assuming that the area of the water surface shielded by one photovoltaic panel is S, and n photovoltaic panels are used, the total area of the water surface shielded by all the photovoltaic panels is nS, which is determined by the following method,
the method comprises the steps of pre-establishing a mapping relation between the total area nS of the water surface shielded by all photovoltaic panels and the power generation efficiency P, and a mapping relation between the total area nS and the cultivation efficiency Q;
determining a target weight P of the power generation efficiency P and a target weight Q of the cultivation efficiency Q by an analytic hierarchy process;
based on a plurality of total areas nS i Converting the preset mapping relation into corresponding power generation efficiency P i Cultivation efficiency Q i ；
At the power generation efficiency P i On the abscissa, the cultivation efficiency is Q i Establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system for the ordinate, wherein a plurality of corresponding total areas nS exist i Discrete points (P) i ，Q i )；
Discrete point adjustment (P) based on target weight P of power generation efficiency P and target weight Q of cultivation efficiency Q i ，Q i ) Position (p) i ，qQ i )；
Calculating arbitrary discrete points (pP) i ，qQ i ) Distance L to origin of coordinates i ；
Find L i Is the maximum value L of (2) imax And obtain L imax Corresponding discrete point (pP) imax ，qQ imax ) Further, the (P) before adjustment is obtained imax ，Q imax )；
Will (P) imax ，Q imax ) Corresponding nS imax The total area of the water surface is shielded by the final photovoltaic plate, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic plates are adjusted to be the same based on the total area, and the distance between the photovoltaic plates is equal.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a method for integrally culturing a small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light,
on one hand, the cultivation area, the tail water treatment area and the photovoltaic power generation area are arranged to form the situations of upper power generation and lower fish cultivation, meanwhile, the water surface area and the cultivation benefit are shielded by the photovoltaic panel, the cultivation target of 'fish light complementation' is completed under the condition of ensuring the cultivation benefit under the photovoltaic panel, the novel green energy source-photovoltaic power generation source supply can be increased, the stable supply of aquaculture products can be ensured, the comprehensive income of farmers is improved, and the realization of the yield and income increasing target of farmers is promoted;
on the other hand, the three-dimensional comprehensive development of the pond saves land resources, realizes one-land multi-production, improves the utilization efficiency of the land resources, is beneficial to analyzing the material and energy conversion process of an industrial system and an ecological system, and constructs a multi-production deep fusion development mode of the synergy of the industrial system and the ecological system by optimizing a regulation method;
in addition, the water inlet and outlet separation is realized, the high-efficiency ecological treatment of the aquaculture tail water reaches the standard and is discharged or recycled, the influence of the discharge on the surrounding ecological environment in the aquaculture process and the consumption of water resources in the production process are reduced, meanwhile, the use of medicines in the aquaculture process is reduced, the quality improvement and the synergy of aquaculture are promoted, and the high-quality development of industry is promoted.
Drawings
The above and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like or similar elements, and which, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, are merely some examples of the present disclosure, from which other drawings may be made without inventive effort, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a filtering dam of the small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structures of a culture small pond, a drainage well and a drain pipe of the small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the upper layer photovoltaic power generation laying of the small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lower layer cultivation system and a tail water treatment system of the small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated cultivation system.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, aspects, and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
The invention provides a method for cultivating carnivorous fish and shrimp in a small pond intensive single pond circulating fish light integrated cultivation system, which comprises the following steps of,
aiming at the carnivorous fish culture method:
step 110, seedling adaptation stage: after the seedlings enter the culture system, the seedlings need to be screened once every 1.5-3 days to prevent the seedlings from being killed by each other, and the seedlings need to be disinfected after each screening;
step 120, feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: purchasing commercial feed for feeding, wherein the mixed feed additive is required to be adjusted according to the state of the cultured fish before the commercial feed is fed, purified water or fish oil is used as a material mixing solvent, and lactobacillus, beta-glucan, liver and intestine health, bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like are mixed, so that the nutrition of the commercial fish feed is enhanced;
130, commodity cultivation stage cultivation operation management: carrying out standardized and refined management on the cultured commercial fish, changing water once per day in the whole pond, and brushing the bottom of the pond wall once; because the fish germplasm is not uniform, screening is carried out once every 15-45 days according to the growth state of the fish, and the fish pond is integrally cleaned by adopting low-concentration oxalic acid; carrying out running water disinfection treatment by using povidone iodine and the like after each sieving;
step 140, circulating water quality management in commodity cultivation stage: detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 15-45 days by utilizing circulating water of a cultivation system for running water cultivation, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters at the bottom of a tail water ditch dirt precipitation area by adopting mobile dirt absorbing equipment, and performing innocent treatment after removing pollutants for fermentation;
the shrimp culture method comprises the following steps:
step 210, seedling adaptation stage: after quarantine is selected to be qualified, the length of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings is more than 0.5cm, the reverse water swimming capability is strong, the specifications are regular, the body color is normal, the body surface is clean, and the stomach food plumpness is good; feeding for 4-6 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% -8%;
220, feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: feeding commercial feed special for the penaeus vannamei, feeding for 3-6 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% -6%, the mixed feed additive is required to be adjusted according to the water quality and the shrimp body condition before feeding the commercial feed, and lactobacillus, beta-glucan, bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like are mixed by using purified water or fish oil as a mixing solvent, so that the nutrition of the penaeus vannamei feed is enhanced;
step 230, management of commodity cultivation stage cultivation operation: carrying out standardized and refined management, frequently observing the water color of the culture pond, controlling the daily water change amount to be 5% -10% of the total water amount, changing 1/3 of the water every 10-15 d, strengthening daily patrol, observing the ingestion and growth conditions of shrimps, periodically detecting algae, bacterial colony and water quality in the water body, and periodically sprinkling living bacteria into the culture pond;
step 240, water quality management of circulating water in the cultivation stage: and (3) carrying out running water cultivation by using circulating water of a cultivation system, detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 15-45 days, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters and shrimp shells at the bottom of a precipitation area by using mobile sewage suction equipment, and carrying out innocent treatment after pollutant removal and fermentation.
On the one hand, the invention forms the situations of upper power generation and lower fish culture by arranging the culture area, the tail water treatment area and the photovoltaic power generation area, and simultaneously comprehensively considers the water surface area and the culture benefit shielded by the photovoltaic panel, and completes the 'fish light complementation' culture target under the condition of ensuring the culture benefit under the photovoltaic panel, thereby not only increasing the supply of novel green energy-photovoltaic power generation sources, but also ensuring the stable supply of aquaculture products, improving the comprehensive income of farmers and promoting the realization of the yield and income increase targets of farmers;
on the other hand, the three-dimensional comprehensive development of the pond saves land resources, realizes one-land multi-production, improves the utilization efficiency of the land resources, is beneficial to analyzing the material and energy conversion process of an industrial system and an ecological system, and constructs a multi-production deep fusion development mode of the synergy of the industrial system and the ecological system by optimizing a regulation method;
in addition, the water inlet and outlet separation is realized, the high-efficiency ecological treatment of the aquaculture tail water reaches the standard and is discharged or recycled, the influence of the discharge on the surrounding ecological environment in the aquaculture process and the consumption of water resources in the production process are reduced, meanwhile, the use of medicines in the aquaculture process is reduced, the quality improvement and the synergy of aquaculture are promoted, and the high-quality development of industry is promoted.
In addition, when the method is applied, the following implementation scenes are listed,
example 1:
the structure of the small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated cultivation system is shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and taking 10 mu of outdoor cultivation ponds for cultivating micropterus salmoides as an example, the 10 mu of outdoor cultivation ponds are changed into a fishing light complementary cultivation system and are divided into a cultivation area 1, a tail water treatment area 2 and a photovoltaic power generation area, wherein the photovoltaic power generation area is arranged on the cultivation area 1 and the tail water treatment area 2.
The cultivation area occupies about 25 percent of the total area. The foundation of the cultivation area is filled up to 2 meters beyond the water surface of the tail water treatment area, the cultivation area comprises a plurality of cultivation ponds 7, each cultivation pond is composed of round corner square ponds with the area of 20 square meters and the height of 1.2 meters, and the cultivation ponds 7 are arranged in parallel and are provided with 60 cultivation ponds. The middle of the four small culture ponds is provided with drainage wells 8, all the drainage wells are connected with a drain pipe 19 arranged between the 2 nd row and the 3 rd row, the left side end of the drain pipe is closed, the right side end of the drain pipe is connected with a tail water ditch sewage sedimentation zone 9 arranged on the right side of the culture area, the outlet of the lower end of the tail water ditch sewage sedimentation zone is provided with a filtering dam 5, the outlet of the filtering dam is connected with a water inlet of the tail water treatment area 2, tail water is enabled to flow in the tail water treatment area in a vertically folded mode through a partition plate in the tail water treatment area, an adsorption pile 10 is further arranged in the tail water treatment area, and the structure of the adsorption pile is shown as an adsorption pile in an embodiment 1 in patent application number 202111639297.2, the name of the invention is a three-dimensional adsorption pile and a method for carrying out aquaculture tail water treatment by utilizing the three-dimensional adsorption pile. The water outlet of the tail water treatment area is connected with the water inlet of the cultivation area through the water supply pipe 3 after passing through the sand filtration tank 4, so that water circularly flows in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area, and water is saved. Photovoltaic fixing piles 6 are arranged in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area, and photovoltaic panels are arranged on the photovoltaic fixing piles. The drainage well 8 is connected with a small pool drain outlet 17 in the culture small pool through a small pool drain pipe 18.
The filtering dam 5 comprises an upstream grating plate 13, a downstream grating plate 14, a fixed pile 16 for inserting the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate into a river bed, wherein the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are filled with fillers, the fillers are respectively an aquatic plant layer 11 and a biological filler layer 15 from top to bottom, and a filtering brush layer 12 is further arranged in the aquatic plant layer. The biological filler layer is corallonite and active carbon filler layer, and the aquatic plant can be green aquatic plant such as canna, water hyacinth, etc. And controlling the water level height of the culture cuvette through a cuvette drain outlet arranged in the culture cuvette.
Example 2: cultivation was performed with the small pond intensive single pond circulation fishing light integrated cultivation system of example 1
Perch fries bred in each small breeding pond have the specification of 5 g/tail and the density of 2200 tail.
1) Seedling adaptation stage: after the seedlings enter the culture pond, the seedlings need to be screened once every 3 days to prevent mutual killing of the seedlings, and disinfection treatment is needed to be carried out on the seedlings after each screening until the weever grows to more than 10 g;
2) Feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: the commercial feed for the weever is purchased and fed, the mixed feed additive is required to be adjusted according to the state of the cultured fish before the commercial feed is fed, purified water or fish oil is used as a mixing solvent, different additives are mixed every day, and lactobacillus, beta-glucan (extra-queen), liver and intestine health, bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like are respectively mixed, so that the nutrition of the commercial feed for the fish is enhanced;
3) And (3) culturing operation management in a commodity culturing stage: carrying out standardized and refined management on the cultured commercial fish, changing water once per day in the whole pond, and brushing the bottom of the pond wall once; because the fish germplasm is not uniform, screening is carried out once every 45 days according to the growth state of the fish, and the fish pond is integrally cleaned by adopting low-concentration oxalic acid; carrying out running water disinfection treatment by using povidone iodine and the like after each sieving;
4) And (3) circulating water quality management in commodity cultivation stage: and (3) carrying out running water cultivation by using circulating water of a cultivation system, detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 30 days, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters at the bottom of a tail water ditch dirt precipitation area by using mobile dirt absorbing equipment, and carrying out innocent treatment after removing and fermenting the pollutants.
Example 1 cultivation yield analysis: the survival rate of 5 g/tail largemouth bass seedlings is about 9, and the cultivation period is 8 months. The small pond culture area can cultivate 100 jin of fishes per cubic meter of water, and a 10 mu culture system (containing culture tail water treatment) can produce 12 ten thousand jin of fishes each year. Compared with a common culture pond, the 10 mu fish pond has the yield of about 8.0 kilo (without the treatment of the culture tail water), the culture yield is 1.5 times of that of the common culture pond, the photovoltaic power generation benefit of a culture system is added, the common culture pond also needs to be subjected to the engineering transformation of the tail water treatment and the operation and maintenance cost treatment, and the culture mode and the method have very remarkable comprehensive land use benefit.
Example 3:
the integrated culture system of the pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light of the embodiment 1 is used for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone, the occupation area of the culture area is only 45 percent, and the culture ponds 7 are provided with 80 culture ponds, 4 rows of which are 20 in each row.
The specification of the young prawn culture in each culture pond is over 0.5cm, and the number of young prawn culture ponds is 3 ten thousand.
1) Seedling adaptation stage: after the seedlings are qualified in quarantine, the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are strong in water reversing ability, regular in specification, normal in body color, clean in body surface and good in stomach food fullness, and are put into a culture system. Feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 6% of the weight;
2) Feeding management in commodity cultivation stage: feeding commercial feed special for the penaeus vannamei boone, feeding for 6 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5%, adjusting a mixed feed additive according to the water quality and the shrimp body condition before feeding the commercial feed, and mixing lactobacillus, beta-glucan (extra-king), bile acid, astaxanthin, antarctic krill meal and the like by using purified water or fish oil as a mixing solvent to enhance the nutrition of the penaeus vannamei boone feed;
3) And (3) culturing operation management in a commodity culturing stage: standardized and refined management is carried out, the water color of the culture pond is often observed, and the daily water change amount is controlled to be 10 percent of the total water amount. 1/3 of the water was changed every 10 days. Daily patrol is enhanced, feeding and growing conditions of shrimps are observed, algae, bacterial colonies and water quality of water are detected regularly, and living bacteria are splashed regularly to enter a culture pond;
4) And (3) circulating water quality management in commodity cultivation stage: and (3) carrying out running water cultivation by using circulating water of a cultivation system, detecting water quality indexes of a tail water treatment area every 30 days, periodically supplementing algae seeds, strains and purifying plants according to water quality conditions, cleaning particulate matters and shrimp shells at the bottom of a tail water ditch dirt precipitation area by using mobile dirt absorbing equipment, and carrying out innocent treatment after removing and fermenting pollutants.
And (3) analysis of culture yield: the survival rate of the prawn seedlings is about 5, the culture period is 3 months, and the delivery specification is about 50 heads/jin. The shrimp can be bred in each pond in the pond culture area, and can be produced 3 times per year, and 7.2 kilojin of shrimps (comprising tail water treatment function and treatment cost) are produced. Compared with the common culture pond, the yield of the shrimp pond of 10 mu is about 2.4 kilo, and the culture yield is 3.0 times of that of the common culture pond. Compared with a high-level pond for culturing shrimps, the 10 mu shrimp pond has the average yield of 6.0 kilojin, and the culture yield is 1.2 times of that of the high-level pond for culturing shrimps. And in addition, the photovoltaic power generation benefits of the culture system and the tail water treatment engineering transformation and the operation and maintenance cost of the common culture pond are required to be developed, and the culture mode and the method have very remarkable comprehensive land use benefits.
The invention also provides a small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system, which comprises:
the tail water treatment area is used for treating the tail water of the culture system and sequentially comprises a sedimentation area, an adsorption pile ecological treatment area, a darkening treatment area and a sand well according to the flow sequence, a partition board is arranged between the functional areas, the tail water is enabled to flow in a turn-back way up and down in the functional areas of the tail water treatment area through the partition board,
wherein the sedimentation area is used for sedimentation of tail water particulate matters, a filtering dam is arranged at the outlet of the rear end and filters out tail water to the next functional area through the gravity altitude difference,
the ecological treatment area of the adsorption pile is used for removing COD substances in the tail water, is also provided with the adsorption pile, the green planting floating row and the regular splashing of the water regulator for treating the tail water substances of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the tail water,
the darkening treatment area is used for shading water body and is used for collecting plankton in the water body to the bottom of the water body,
the sand well is used for further filtering the water flowing out of the darkening treatment area;
the culture area is filled with the foundation higher than the tail water treatment area so as to be convenient for water drainage, and comprises a plurality of culture ponds which are intensive culture ponds, a pond drain pipe, a filter pump and an aerator,
wherein a drainage well is arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the drainage well is communicated with the input end of a small pond blow-down pipe arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the output end of the small pond blow-down pipe is communicated with a sedimentation area of a tail water treatment area,
the filter pump is arranged in the sand well to pump water, the water body is pumped into the cultivation area for recycling after being further filtered by the filter pump,
the aerator is used for aerating the water body in the cultivation area;
the water outlet of the tail water treatment area is connected with the water inlet of the cultivation area through a water supply pipe after passing through a sand filtration tank, so that water circularly flows in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area;
the photovoltaic power generation area comprises a plurality of photovoltaic plates, wherein the photovoltaic plates are fixed through photovoltaic fixing piles arranged in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area, and the photovoltaic plates are arranged in the upper-layer space of the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area and used for providing electric energy for a cultivation system.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filtering dam includes an upstream grating plate and a downstream grating plate, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are inserted into the river bed through fixing piles to be fixed, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are filled with filler, the filler is respectively an aquatic plant layer and a biological filler layer from top to bottom, and a filtering brush layer is further arranged in the aquatic plant layer.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foundation of the cultivation area is filled 1-1.5 meters higher than the tail water treatment area.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the area of the culture area is 25% -50% of the area of the whole culture system; the culture small pool is a round corner square pool with the area of 15-25 square meters and the height of 1.2-1.5 meters.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-filler layer is, in particular, corallite and activated carbon filler layers.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, specifically, the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are the same, the distances between the photovoltaic panels are the same, and assuming that the area of the water surface covered by one photovoltaic panel is S, and n photovoltaic panels are used in total, the total area of the water surface covered by all photovoltaic panels is nS, where nS is determined by,
the method comprises the steps of pre-establishing a mapping relation between the total area nS of the water surface shielded by all photovoltaic panels and the power generation efficiency P, and a mapping relation between the total area nS and the cultivation efficiency Q;
determining a target weight P of the power generation efficiency P and a target weight Q of the cultivation efficiency Q by an analytic hierarchy process;
based on a plurality of total areas nS i Converting the preset mapping relation into corresponding power generation efficiency P i Cultivation efficiency Q i ；
At the power generation efficiency P i On the abscissa, the cultivation efficiency is Q i Establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system for the ordinate, wherein a plurality of corresponding total areas nS exist i Discrete points (P) i ，Q i )；
Target weight P based on power generation efficiency P and purpose of cultivation efficiency QThe scale q adjusts the discrete point (P i ，Q i ) Position (p) i ，qQ i )；
Calculating arbitrary discrete points (pP) i ，qQ i ) Distance L to origin of coordinates i ；
Find L i Is the maximum value L of (2) imax And obtain L imax Corresponding discrete point (pP) imax ，qQ imax ) Further, the (P) before adjustment is obtained imax ，Q imax )；
Will (P) imax ，Q imax ) Corresponding nS imax The total area of the water surface is shielded by the final photovoltaic plate, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic plates are adjusted to be the same based on the total area, and the distance between the photovoltaic plates is equal.
In this preferred embodiment, considering that the photovoltaic board is laid to traditional pond top, the design side only considers photovoltaic power generation efficiency, does not consider the influence to the lower floor fish farming for the interval is less between the photovoltaic board of laying, almost shelters from the pond surface of water, finally leads to breed output decline, disease frequently, carries out the inclination that above-mentioned mode confirms the photovoltaic board the same, interval each other: firstly, the yield under the photovoltaic panel is higher than that of the traditional mode, and secondly, the cultivation amount can be ensured.
While the present invention has been described in considerable detail and with particularity with respect to several described embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to any such detail or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but is to be construed as providing broad interpretation of such claims by reference to the appended claims in view of the prior art so as to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing description of the invention has been presented in its embodiments contemplated by the inventors for the purpose of providing a useful description, and for the purposes of providing a non-essential modification of the invention that may not be presently contemplated, may represent an equivalent modification of the invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should be construed as being limited to the above embodiments as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An integrated culture system for small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light, which is characterized by comprising:
the tail water treatment area is used for treating the tail water of the culture system and sequentially comprises a sedimentation area, an adsorption pile ecological treatment area, a darkening treatment area and a sand well according to the flow sequence, a partition board is arranged between the functional areas, the tail water is enabled to flow in a turn-back way up and down in the functional areas of the tail water treatment area through the partition board,
wherein the sedimentation area is used for sedimentation of tail water particulate matters, a filtering dam is arranged at the outlet of the rear end and filters out tail water to the next functional area through the gravity altitude difference,
the ecological treatment area of the adsorption pile is used for removing COD substances in the tail water, is also provided with the adsorption pile, the green planting floating row and the regular splashing of the water regulator for treating the tail water substances of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the tail water,
the darkening treatment area is used for shading water body and is used for collecting plankton in the water body to the bottom of the water body,
the sand well is used for further filtering the water flowing out of the darkening treatment area;
the culture area is filled with the foundation higher than the tail water treatment area so as to be convenient for water drainage, and comprises a plurality of culture ponds which are intensive culture ponds, a pond drain pipe, a filter pump and an aerator,
wherein a drainage well is arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the drainage well is communicated with the input end of a small pond blow-down pipe arranged in the middle of the culture small pond, the output end of the small pond blow-down pipe is communicated with a sedimentation area of a tail water treatment area,
the filter pump is arranged in the sand well to pump water, the water body is pumped into the cultivation area for recycling after being further filtered by the filter pump,
the aerator is used for aerating the water body in the cultivation area;
the water outlet of the tail water treatment area is connected with the water inlet of the cultivation area through a water supply pipe after passing through a sand filtration tank, so that water circularly flows in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area;
the photovoltaic power generation area comprises a plurality of photovoltaic plates, wherein the photovoltaic plates are fixed through photovoltaic fixing piles arranged in the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area, and are arranged in the upper-layer space of the cultivation area and the tail water treatment area and used for providing electric energy for a cultivation system;
specifically, the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are the same, the mutual distances are the same, the total area of the water surface shielded by all the photovoltaic panels is nS, and the nS is determined by assuming that the area of the water surface shielded by one photovoltaic panel is S and n photovoltaic panels are all arranged,
the method comprises the steps of pre-establishing a mapping relation between the total area nS of the water surface shielded by all photovoltaic panels and the power generation efficiency P, and a mapping relation between the total area nS and the cultivation efficiency Q;
determining a target weight P of the power generation efficiency P and a target weight Q of the cultivation efficiency Q by an analytic hierarchy process;
based on a plurality of total areas nS i Converting the preset mapping relation into corresponding power generation efficiency P i Cultivation efficiency Q i ；
At the power generation efficiency P i On the abscissa, the cultivation efficiency is Q i Establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system for the ordinate, wherein a plurality of corresponding total areas nS exist i Discrete points (P) i ，Q i )；
Discrete point adjustment (P) based on target weight P of power generation efficiency P and target weight Q of cultivation efficiency Q i ，Q i ) Position (p) i ，qQ i )；
Calculating arbitrary discrete points (pP) i ，qQ i ) Distance L to origin of coordinates i ；
Find L i Is the maximum value L of (2) imax And obtain L imax Corresponding discrete point (pP) imax ，qQ imax ) Further, the (P) before adjustment is obtained imax ，Q imax )；
Will (P) imax ，Q imax ) Corresponding nS imax As the final photovoltaic panel is used for shielding the total area of the water surface, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are adjusted to be the same based on the total areaSpacing from each other.
2. The integrated small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the filtering dam comprises an upstream grating plate and a downstream grating plate, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are inserted into a riverbed through fixing piles to be fixed, the upstream grating plate and the downstream grating plate are filled with fillers, the fillers are respectively an aquatic plant layer and a biological filler layer from top to bottom, and a filtering brush layer is further arranged in the aquatic plant layer.
3. The pond-intensive single-pond-circulation fishing light integrated culture system according to claim 1, wherein the foundation of the culture area is filled 1-1.5 meters higher than the tail water treatment area.
4. The small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system according to claim 1, wherein the area of the culture area is 25% -50% of the area of the integrated culture system; the culture small pool is a round corner square pool with the area of 15-25 square meters and the height of 1.2-1.5 meters.
5. The small pond intensive single pond circulating fishing light integrated culture system according to claim 3, wherein the biological filler layer is a corallite and activated carbon filler layer.
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| CN106561500A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-04-19 | 浙江大学 | Photovoltaic all-coverage fishery and photovoltaic generation complementation high-density fish culture system |
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| CN111990297A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-27 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Intercropping method for channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei |
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| CN104604764A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-13 | 江苏省渔业技术推广中心 | Method of alternate culturing of South America white shrimps in yellow catfish aquaculture pond |
| CN106561500A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-04-19 | 浙江大学 | Photovoltaic all-coverage fishery and photovoltaic generation complementation high-density fish culture system |
| CN109258440A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-25 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of implementation method of fishing light one pond engineering circulating water culture system |
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