CN1157365C - 治疗cns疾病的一元胺摄取抑制剂 - Google Patents
治疗cns疾病的一元胺摄取抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1157365C CN1157365C CNB008041253A CN00804125A CN1157365C CN 1157365 C CN1157365 C CN 1157365C CN B008041253 A CNB008041253 A CN B008041253A CN 00804125 A CN00804125 A CN 00804125A CN 1157365 C CN1157365 C CN 1157365C
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有例如5一羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺摄取抑制剂活性的化合物及其可药用盐,以及它们在治疗中枢神经系统及其他疾病中的用途。
Description
发明背景
目前,5-羟色胺选择性摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)在重性抑郁(MDD)的治疗中发挥着重要的功效,并且通常被精神病医生和初级保健医师认为是有效、完全耐受和易于给药的。但是,它们却有着不受欢迎的特性,例如性机能障碍的高发生率、延迟发生作用和无反应的水平估计高达30%(参见M.J.Gitlin,Journal of C1inical Psychiatry,1994,55,406-413and R.T.Segraves,Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,1992,10(2),4-10)。临床前和临床证据表明,通过使用多巴胺摄取抑制剂(DRIs)例如安非他酮可以减少与SSRI治疗有关的性机能障碍(参见A.K.Ashton,Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,1998,59(3),112-115)。此外,SRI和DRI联合治疗可以使作用的发生加快,并且减少患者的不配合,这可能是由于协同机理所致(参见R.D.Marshall等,Journal ofPsychopharmacology,1995,9(3),284-286)。
本发明涉及新的联芳基醚衍生物,该衍生物具有一元胺(例如多巴胺、5-羟色胺)摄取抑制剂活性,本发明还涉及含有这些化合物的药物组合物以及使用这些化合物治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)及其他疾病的方法。
1997年4月19日公开的美国专利4,018,830提到了苯硫基芳烷基胺和2-苯硫基苄胺,它们具有抗心律失常药的活性。
1997年5月15日公布的PCT公开97/17325提到了N,N-二甲基-2-(芳硫基)苄胺衍生物,该衍生物选择性地影响5-羟色胺运输到中枢神经系统中,并适于用作抗抑制药。
1993年3月2日公开的美国专利5,190,965和1995年7月4日发布的美国专利5,430,063提到了苯氧基苯基衍生物,该衍生物可用于治疗抑郁症。
1997年7月17日公布的美国专利4,161,529提到了吡咯烷衍生物,该衍生物具有降胆固醇和降血脂活性。
发明概述
本发明涉及下式化合物及其可药用盐
其中苯环A和苯环B可以独立地被萘基替换,并且其中当苯环A被萘基替换时,结构式I的醚氧原子和连接R3、R4和NR1R2的碳原子与毗邻的萘基环碳原子相连,并且所述两个毗邻的环碳原子都不与所述萘基的稠合环碳原子相邻;
n和m独立地选自1、2和3;
R1和R2独立地选自氢、(C1-C4)烷基、(C2-C4)链烯基和(C2-C4)链炔基,或者R1和R2与和它们相连的氮原子一起形成4-8元饱和环,该环含有1或2个杂原子、包括与R1和R2相连的氮原子,其中第二个杂原子,如果存在的话,选自氧、氮和硫,条件是所述环不含有两个相邻的氧原子或两个相邻的硫原子,并且其中所述环可任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
R3和R4独立地选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基,所述烷基可任选地被1-3个氟原子取代,或者R3和R4与和它们相连的碳原子一起形成4-8元饱和碳环,并且其中所述环可以任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
或者R2和R3与和R2相连的氮原子以及和R3相连的碳原子一起形成4-8元饱和环,该环含有1或2个杂原子、包括与R2相连的氮原子,其中第二个杂原子,如果存在的话,选自氧、氮和硫,条件是所述环不含有两个相邻的氧原子或两个相邻的硫原子,并且其中所述环可任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
每个X独立地选自氢、卤素(即氯、氟、溴或碘)、任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的(C1-C4)烷基、任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的(C1-C4)烷氧基、氰基、硝基、氨基、(C1-C4)烷氨基、二-[(C1-C4)烷基]氨基、NR5(C=O)(C1-C4)烷基、SO2NR5R6和SOp(C1-C6)烷基,其中R5和R6独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基,并且p是0、1或2;并且
每个Y独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基、-SCH3、(OCH2O)和卤素;
条件是:(a)NR1R2、CR3R4和R2NCR3中不超过一个可以形成环;和(b)在下述条件下,至少一个X一定不是氢:当(i)R3和R4均为氢时,(ii)R1和R2独立地选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基,和(iii)环B是分别被1或2个卤素基团一-或二取代的。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物组合物:高血压、抑郁(例如,癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁)、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症(例如广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症)、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍(例如神经性厌食和神经性贪食)、肥胖、化学品依赖(例如酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾)、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍(例如痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退(ARCD))、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍)、内分泌病症(例如高催乳素血症)、血管痉挛(特别是脑脉管系统)、小脑性共济失调、胃肠道疾病(包括能动性和分泌变化)、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关的),包括治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。
本发明还涉及药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。这些疾病或病症的实例是在前一段中列举的那些。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的方法:高血压、抑郁(例如,癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁)、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症(例如广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症)、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍(例如神经性厌食和神经性贪食)、肥胖、化学品依赖(例如酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾)、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍(例如痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退(ARCD))、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍)、内分泌病症(例如高催乳素血症)、血管痉挛(特别是脑脉管系统)、小脑性共济失调、胃肠道疾病(包括能动性和分泌变化)、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关的),包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明还涉及治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的方法,其中包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物组合物:高血压、抑郁(例如,癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁)、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症(例如广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症)、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍(例如神经性厌食和神经性贪食)、肥胖、化学品依赖(例如酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾)、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍(例如痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退(ARCD))、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍)、内分泌病症(例如高催乳素血症)、血管痉挛(特别是脑脉管系统)、小脑性共济失调、胃肠道疾病(包括能动性和分泌变化)、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关的),包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。
本发明还涉及药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的方法:高血压、抑郁(例如,癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁)、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症(例如广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症)、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、性机能障碍(例如早泄)、进食障碍(例如神经性厌食和神经性贪食)、肥胖、化学品依赖(例如酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾)、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍(例如痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退(ARCD))、帕金森氏病(例如帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍)、内分泌病症(例如高催乳素血症)、血管痉挛(特别是脑脉管系统)、小脑性共济失调、胃肠道疾病(包括能动性和分泌变化)、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)、慢性阵发性偏头痛和头痛(与血管疾病有关的),包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明还涉及治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的方法,其中包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明涉及药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括:
a)可药用载体;
b)式I化合物或其可药用盐;和
c)NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐;
其中活性化合物(即式I化合物和NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂)的量是该组合在所述疾病或病症的治疗中有效的量。
本发明还涉及治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的方法,包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用:
a)如上定义的式I化合物或其可药用盐;和
b)NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐;
其中活性化合物(即式I化合物和NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂)的量是该组合在所述疾病或病症的治疗中有效的量。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的可药用酸加成盐。式I化合物的可药用酸加成盐的实施例是盐酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、富马酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、水杨酸盐、草酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、二对甲苯甲酰酒石酸盐、乙酸盐、硫酸盐、氢碘酸盐和扁桃酸盐。
除非另外指明,本文所用术语″卤素″包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
除非另外指明,本文所用术语″烷基″可以是直链、支链或环状的,并且可以包括直链和环部分以及支链和环部分。
本文所用术语″治疗″是指逆转、减轻、抑制或预防该术语所适用的疾病或病症或者这些疾病或病症的一种或多种症状。本文所用术语″治疗″是指治疗的行为,正如上面对″治疗″的定义。
式I化合物具有光学中心,因此可以以不同的对映体构型出现。本发明包括所有的对映体、非对映体和该式I化合物的其他立体异构体,以及外消旋体及其混合物。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的所有放射性标记形式。优选的放射标记的式I化合物是其中放射标记物选自3H、11C、14C、18F、123I和125I的那些。该放射标记化合物适用于研究和适于用作动物和人的代谢药物动力学研究和结合分析中的诊断工具。
本文所用术语″化学品依赖性″是指异常的嗜好或渴望,或者药物成瘾。该药物通常以各种给药方式对患者给药,包括口服、非胃肠道给药、经鼻或吸入给药。通过本发明方法可治疗的化学品依赖的实施例是酒精、尼古丁、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥和苯并二氮杂卓类(例如安定(商标))依赖。本文所用术语″治疗化学品依赖性″是指减少或减轻这种依赖性。
本发明优选的具体实施方案包括下列式I化合物及其可药用盐:
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
N-[4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-二甲基氨基甲基苯基]-乙酰胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-乙基}-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-三氟甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-三氟甲基苄基]-甲胺;
[4-氯-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基}-乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;和
{1-[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺。
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
[4-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
[5-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4,5-二甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲氧基苄基]-二甲胺;
4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-甲基氨基甲基-苄腈;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4,5-二甲基苄基]-甲胺;
3-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲基氨基甲基-苄腈;
(+)-{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
(-)-{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(4-氯-3-氟苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3-氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
(+/-)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;
(-)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;
(+)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;和
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-N-甲基吡咯烷。
本发明其他的具体实施方案包括下列化合物及其可药用盐:
{1-[2-(3/4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-1-甲基乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-1-甲基乙基}-二甲胺;
[4-氯-2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-4-甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-(二甲基氨基甲基)-苯基]-二甲胺;
[5-氟-2-(4-氟-3-甲氧基苯氧基)-苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-异丙基苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-4,5-二甲基苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[5-氯-2(3,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-丙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基硫烷基(methylsulfanyl)-苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基硫烷基-苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯-苯氧基)-5-甲基硫烷基-苯基]-1-甲基乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基硫烷基-苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基亚磺酰基-苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基亚磺酰基-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲磺酰基-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲磺酰基-苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-(丙-2-磺酰基)-苄基]-甲胺;
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-哌啶;
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-1-甲基-哌啶;
3-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-4-甲基-吗啉;
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-1,2-二甲基-哌啶;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-环丙基}-二甲胺;
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-1,5-二甲基-吡咯烷;
3-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-4-甲基-硫代吗啉;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-环戊基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-(丙-2-磺酰基)-苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;和
[4-氯-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲磺酰基-苄基]-甲胺。
本发明其他具体实施方案涉及其中m是0,n是1,R3和R4均是氢,X是氯、溴、碘或甲基,R1是氢并且R2是甲基的式I化合物。
本发明还涉及式XVIII化合物
其中Q是-C(=O)H、氰基、-C(=O)OH或-C(=O)NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基,或者R1和R2与和它们相连的氮原子一起形成4-8元饱和环,该环含有1或2个杂原子、包括与R1和R2相连的氮原子,其中第二个杂原子,如果存在的话,选自氧、氮和硫,条件是所述环不含有两个相邻的氧原子或两个相邻的硫原子,并且其中所述环可任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代。
这些化合物适于用作合成某些式I化合物的中间体。
本发明还涉及下式化合物及其可药用盐
这些化合物及其可药用盐也具有一元胺摄取抑制剂活性,并适用于治疗上述疾病和病症。
式XVIII化合物具有光学中心,因此可以以不同的对映体构型出现。本发明包括所有的对映体、非对映体和该式XVIII化合物的其他立体异构体,以及外消旋体及其混合物。
发明详述
式I化合物可以按照下列反应方案和讨论制备。除非另外指明,在该反应方案和讨论中的A、B、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、X、Y、m和n以及结构式I和XVIII如上所定义。
反应方案1
反应方案2
反应方案3
反应方案4
反应方案5
反应方案6
反应方案7
反应方案1涉及由式II和III化合物制备式I化合物。式II和III化合物是市售的,或者可以按照本领域普通技术人员公知的方法制备。例如,采用本领域专业人员公知的方法,通过分别向式XV或XVI化合物中引入醛官能团(CHO),可以制备其中R3是H的通式IIa和IIb化合物。
或
当L=F时,A.J.Bridges等的方法(Tetrahedron Letters,1992,33(49),7499-7502)特别适用于取代的邻氟苯甲醛的合成。C.F.H.Allen等(Organic Synthesis,1951,31,92);T.DePaul is等(J.Med.Chem.,1986,29,61);I.M.Godfrey等(J.Chemical Society,PerkinTransactions 1,1974,1353);K.M.Tramposil等(J.Med.Chem.,1983,26(2),121);和M.E.Cracknell等(Chem.Ind.,(London),1985,(9),309)描述了其他的转化。
关于反应方案1,将其中L是合适的离去基团例如氟、氯、硝基或三氟甲磺酸基的式IIa化合物(即醛或酮)与式IIIa化合物(即酚)在碱存在下反应,形成相应的式IV化合物。该反应通常在极性溶剂例如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)或N-甲基-2一吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,优选在DMF中,在约0℃至约150℃的温度下进行约1小时至约3天,优选在约90-95℃反应约18小时。合适的碱包括无水碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、氢氧化钾(KOH)和胺例如吡咯烷、三乙胺和吡啶,优选无水K2CO3。实施该方法的详细描述见于G.W.Yeager等,Synthesis,1995,28-30;J.R.Dimmock等,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1996,39(20),3984-3997。或者,可以按照K.Tomisawa等所述的方法(Chemical and PharmaceuticalBulletin,1984,32(8),3066-3074),将式IIb的酚和式IIIb化合物转化为通式IV的醛或酮。
式IV化合物可以在还原胺化条件下转化为式I化合物。例如,式IV化合物可以与式HNR1R2化合物反应,形成式XVII中间体:
该中间体可以在相同的反应步骤中直接分离或转化为式I化合物。无论是就地或是从分离式XVII化合物开始的,该转化可以采用一种或多种本领域专业人员已知的方法进行。
例如,按照S.Bhattarcharyya的方法(Journal of OrganicChemistry,1995,60(15),4928-4929),可以将式IV化合物和适当的式HNR1R2化合物在脱水剂例如四氯化钛(IV)或异丙醇钛(IV)存在下,在反应惰性溶剂例如苯、甲苯或乙醇等溶剂中混合,直到反应确定完全。或者,可以将式IV化合物与式HNR1R2化合物在惰性溶剂例如苯或甲苯中、在有或无水清除剂如分子筛存在下混合,并在式XVII中间体形成过程中加热除去所生成的水。式IV化合物转化为上述式XVII中间体的转化完全程度可以采用一种或多种已知的分析技术、包括1H-NMR光谱进行确定。
在某些情况下,可以或者希望分离式XVII中间体,或者可以将该中间体与将该中间体选择性还原成所需式I化合物的还原剂进一步反应。该还原剂对于本领域专业人员来说是公知的,包括例如硼氢化钠(NaBH4)、氰基硼氢化钠(NaBH3CN)和三乙酸基硼氢化钠(NaBH(OAc)3),例如A.F.Abde1-Magid等在Tetrahedron Letters(1990,31,5595)中所述。该还原通常在极性溶剂例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇等中,在约0℃至约100℃、优选在室温下进行。在Bhattarcharyya所述的方法中,式XVII中间体在乙醇溶剂中形成,并且无需分离,用NaBH4还原成式I产物。同样对于式IV的醛或酮中间体中的另外一个,本领域的普通技术人员还可以如反应方案2所述,采用与反应方案1所述类似的二苯基醚的形成方法,制备式VI化合物(即腈),以用作合成所需式I化合物的中间体。可以采用文献中记载的方法制备式VI化合物。(参见例如D.C.Remy等,J.Med.Chem.,1975,18(2),142-148;E.A.Schmittling等,Journal ofOrganic Chemistry,1993,58(12),3229-3230)。
通过如反应方案2所述的几种途径,可以将所制备的式VI的腈转化为所需的式I产物。例如,可以采用本领域专业人员公知的方法,在酸性条件下将式VI的腈基水解,生成式VII的羧酸衍生物。(参见例如,A.I.Meyers等,Tetrahedron Letters,1984,25(28),2941;和R.W.Higgins等,J.Organic Chemistry,1951,16,1275)。采用化学文献中公开的一种或多种标准方法,例如通过将由式VII化合物制备的酰卤与通式HNR1R2的胺反应,可以将羧酸衍生物就地转化为式VIII的甲酰胺衍生物。(参见R.E.Kent等,Organic Synthesis,Coll.Vol.III,1955,490;和R.M.Herbst等,Organic Synthesis,Coll,Vol.II,1943,11,有关Schotten-Bauman反应的讨论)。还可以通过特定的水解方法,使用例如过氧化氢或强碱金属盐水溶液,由相应的式VI的腈直接制备其中R1和R2均为氢的式VIII的甲酰胺。(参见Chemistry & Industry,1961,1987;C.R.Noller,Organic Synthesis,Coll.Vol.II,1943,586;以及J.H.Hall和M.Gisler,J.Organic Chemistry,1976,41,3769)。随后,可以使用适合该转化的多种还原剂中的一种,将式VIII的甲酰胺衍生物还原,以生成所需的式I化合物。(参见例如A.C.Cope等,OrganicSynthesis,Coll.Vol.IV,1963,339,使用在乙醚或THF溶剂中的氢化铝锂。)或者,通过使用化学文献中公开的、对该转化有选择性的各种还原剂中的一种将式VI的腈还原成为所需的其中R1和R2均为氢的通式I化合物(包括用氢气和氧化铂(II)催化氢化,如J.A.Secrist,III和M.W.Logue在J.Organic Chemistry,1972,37,335中所述;在乙醇中的肼水合物和阮内镍,如W.W.Zajac,Jr.等在J.Organic Chemistry,1971,36,3539中所述;以及在THF中的三氟乙酸基硼氢化钠,如N.Umino等在Tetrahedron Letters,1976,2875中所述)。还原剂还可以包括在非反应性溶剂例如乙醚或四氢呋喃中的氢化铝锂。
最后,采用对该转化特定的反应条件,例如在溶剂如THF或乙醚中的三乙氧基氢化铝锂,将式VI的腈转化为相应的其中R3是氢通式IV的醛,如下文所述:H.C.Brown和C.P.Garg,J.American Chemical Society,1964,86,1085以及J.Malek和M.Cerny,Synthesis,1972,217。
采用另一种合成途径,可以将式VII的中间体羧酸(或其甲基或乙基酯衍生物)还原为其相应的式IX的苄基醇。该方法在文献中已有充分描述,并且可以使用选择性还原剂进行,所述还原剂是例如氢硼化钠(参见例如,J.V.B.Kanth等,J.Organic Chemistry,1991,56,5964)、在THF中的乙硼烷(参见例如,M.N.Moon等,J.Organic Chemistry,1973,38,2786)以及类似的还原剂。
然后,按照E.J.Corey等在Tetrahedron Letters,1975,31,2647-2650中所述的方法,或者按照C.-G.Huang在Journal of OrganicChemistry,1991,56(16),4846-4853中所述的方法,例如,用在二氯甲烷中的氯铬酸吡啶(pyridinium chlorochromate)将所得式IX的醇选择性地再氧化成相应的式IV的醛(R3=H)。还可以如科学文献中所述,将式IX化合物的羟基转化为更具有反应性的离去基团L2(例如甲磺酸基、三氟甲磺酸基)(参见例如,M.S.Newman等,J.Organic Chemistry,1974,39,1036;和E.K.Anderson等,Synthesis,1974,665),以生成式X中间体,然后可以将该中间体与合适的式HNR1R2的胺反应,以产生相应的式I化合物。
反应方案3和4说明了可用于在苄胺侧链的α-位引入取代基(R3,R4)的方法。在反应方案3中,按照D.J.Calderwood等人所述的方法(Tetrahedron Letters,1997,38(7),1241-1244),可以用式R3MJ2试剂(其中M是金属例如铈,J是卤素例如Cl或Br)处理式VI的腈或式VIII的酰胺,以生成其中R1=R2=氢的式I化合物。然后,例如通过本文所述的还原胺化步骤,将该化合物转化为其中R1和R2不是氢的式I化合物。
或者,按照反应方案4,式IV中间体可以与例如格氏试剂(即R4MgJ)在已经确立的条件下反应,以生成式XI的中间体醇。该式XI的醇可以按照几种方式之一转化。例如,按照Sharpless等人在TetrahedronLetters,1996,37(19),3219-3222中所述,可以将该醇与NaN3在DMF水溶液中反应,用N3替换式XI中的OH。然后,可以在各种条件下,例如使用氢和在乙醇中的硫酸钡(A.Guy等,Synthesis,1988,11,900-904)、在乙醚中的氢化铝锂(M.Saito等,Journal of MedicinalChemistry,1980,23(12),1364)或在苯中的氢化三丁基锡(J.Wasserman等,Journal of American Chemical Society,1985,107(2),519),将所形成的叠氮化物衍生物还原成为式I的伯胺(R1=R2=H)。如上所述,可以将所得式I伯胺(-NH2)化合物转化为其中R1和R2不是氢的式I化合物。
除了上面反应方案1和2所述的式IV中间体醛和酮的制备方法之外,还有其他方法可用于制备式IV化合物。例如,可以使其中基团Z是氢原子的式XII化合物在Friedel-Crafts酰化条件(例如AlCl3/CH2Cl2/R3COCl)下反应,以生成其中R3不是氢的式IV的酮。该方法描述于反应方案5中,在科学文献中已有先例,并且是本领域专业人员所熟知的。酰基(COR3)的位置由所存在的X和/或Y取代基的性质和位置以及所用的反应条件决定。当需要由式XII(Z=H)化合物制备式IV(R3=H)化合物时,可以采用如上反应方案1中制备式IIa和IIb中间体所述的条件引入醛官能团(CHO)。
采用一种或多种芳环甲酰化的方法,包括按照M.L.Mancini等人(Synthetic Communications,1989,2001-2007)或H.Chikashita等人(J.Organic Chemistry,1991,56,1692)所述方法,将二氯甲基甲基醚与四氯化钛(IV)在二氯甲烷中反应,可以制备其R3=H的IV化合物(即醛)。
或者,其中Z是卤素(例如Br、I)的式XII化合物与强碱(例如正-、仲一或叔-丁基锂,二异丙基氨基锂)在惰性溶剂例如己烷或THF中反应,然后与试剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)反应,产生类似于式IV的醛。(参见G.Voss等,Chemishe Berichte,1989,122,1199;M.p.Hoyer等,J.Organic Chemistry,1986,51(26),5106;和N.Eisen等,Angew.Chem.International Edition,1986,25(11),1026)。
制备式IV化合物的另一种方法是使式XII化合物Z位上的烷基(例如,CH3、C2H5)氧化。可以进行氧化以形成其中R3=H的式IV的醛(例如.,F.M.Hauser等,Synthesis,1987,723;S.D.Carter等,Synthesis,1983,(12),1000;Ep 451650,1991,Bayer AG),或者,可以在更剧烈的条件下进行氧化,以形成式VII的羧酸化合物,然后如反应方案2所述,可以将其转化为式I化合物。当然,该氧化过程的成功将取决于式XII化合物上任何其他X和Y取代基的性质和位置。
反应方案6说明了制备式IV中间体的另一方法。可以在化学文献所公开的条件下,将含有硝基的、如R.Beugelmans等人(TetrahedronLetters,1994,35(31),5649-5652)、J.H.Clark等人(TetrahedronLetters,1987,28(31),3627)和E.Roberts等人(Journal of theChemical Society,1925,127,2004)所述方法制备的式XIII化合物还原,形成相应的式XIV胺化合物。还原反应可以在约1至约5个氢气压下、用氢气(H2)和催化剂(例如Pd/C,阮内镍)在醇溶剂例如乙醇中完成,或者使用铁/乙酸或锡/盐酸系统就地还原,以生成相应的式XIV化合物。后面的式XIV中间体可以通过其重氮盐(例如用NaNO2和盐酸水溶液制备)转化为式VI的腈(即,参见H.T.Clarke和R.R.Read,OrganicSynthesis,1941,514),然后如反应方案2所示,将该式VI的腈通过式VII的相应羧酸转化为其中R3=H的通式IV的醛。
式XIV中间体还可以如R.B.Woodward等人(Tetrahedron,1958,2,1)和W.F.Beech(J.Chemical Society,1954,1297)所述,通过与甲肟反应,然后酸解,直接转化为相应的式IV的醛。
如反应方案7所示,为了制备制备其中R2和R3与和R2相连的氮以及和R3相连的碳结合在一起形成含氮环的通式I化合物,可以采用L.S.Bleicher等所述的改进的方法(J.Organic Chemistry,1998,63,1109)。因此,将通式IV的酯(R3=O-烷基)与通式XXX的环内酰胺在强碱例如甲醇钠存在下反应
其中L4是反应不稳定基团,例如-CH=CH2,生成通式XXI中间体。然后可以在强酸例如盐酸存在下,通常在回流条件下,将该中间体转化为相应的式XXII的环亚胺。之后,可以如上所述,使用例如在甲醇中的硼氢化钠将式XXII化合物还原,以形成式XXIII的环胺(其中R1=H)。该式XXIII化合物可如上所述进一步转化为式XXIII化合物(其中R1如对式I化合物所定义)。
按照S.Snyder等人(Molecular Pharmacology,1971,7,66-80)、D.T.Wong等人(Biochemical Pharmacology,1973,22,311322)、H.F.Bradford(Journal of Neurochemistry,1969,16,675-684)和D.J.K.Balfour(European Journal of Pharmacology,1973,23,19-26)所述方法的改进方法,可以使用人5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素输送器转染的大鼠突触小体或HEK-293细胞测定本发明化合物在个体一元胺摄取位点的体外活性。
突触小体:对雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠施断头术,并迅速取出脑。剥离皮质、海马和纹状体,并置于冰冷却的蔗糖缓冲液(在20ml缓冲剂中的1克蔗糖)(用含有1mg/ml葡萄糖、0.1mM乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的320mM蔗糖,并用三(羟甲基)-氨基甲烷(TRIS)碱调节至pH7.4制备该缓冲液)。该组织在带有TeflonTM研棒的玻璃匀化管中,使用Potters匀化器,以350rpm的速度匀化。组织匀浆在4℃,以1000xg的转速离心10分钟。所得上清液在4℃、以17,000xg的转速再离心20分钟。将最终的沉淀物再悬浮于适当体积的蔗糖缓冲液中,以产生小于10%的摄取。
细胞制剂:对于选择压力,将用人5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)或多巴胺(DA)输送器转染的HEK-293细胞在DMEM(Dulbecco’s ModifiedEagle Medium,Life Technologies Inc.,9800 Medical Center Dr.,Gaithersburg,MD,目录号11995-065))中生长,在该培养基中补充有10%透析的FBS(胎牛血清,from Life Technologies,目录号26300-053)、2mM L-谷酰胺和对于5-HT和NE输送器来说250ug/ml G418,或者对于DA输送器来说2ug/ml嘌呤霉素。该细胞在Gibco一式三份瓶中生长,用磷酸盐缓冲的盐水(Life Technologies,目录号14190-136)收获,并稀释至适当的量,以产生小于10%的摄取。
神经递质摄取分析:在含有50uL溶剂、抑制剂或对于5-HT、NE或DA分析非特异性摄取分别含有10uM舍曲林、去郁敏或诺米芬新的玻璃管中进行摄取分析。每只试管含有配制于改性Krebs溶液中的400uL[3H]5-HT(5nM终浓度)、[3H]NE(10nM终浓度)或[3H]DA(5nM终浓度),改性Krebs溶液含有100uM优降宁和葡萄糖(1mg/ml)。将试管置于冰上,向每只试管中加入50uL突触小体或细胞。然后将各试管在37℃孵育7分钟(5-HT,DA)或10分钟(NE)。使用96-孔Brandel细胞收集器,通过过滤(GF/B滤器)终止孵育,滤器用改性的Krebs缓冲液洗涤,并用Wallac Model 1214或Wallac Beta Plate Model 1205闪烁计数器计数。
实验实施例
制备1
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苯甲醛
在氮气氛下,向装有回流冷凝器和磁搅拌器的50mL圆底烧瓶中加入在10mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的0.829g(6.0mmol)K2CO3和0.342g(2.1mmol)3,4-二氯酚(Aldrich Chem.Co.,Milwaukee,WI)。搅拌该混合物5分钟后,加入0.384g(2.0mmol)2-氟-5三氟甲基苯甲醛(Aldrich),并将该混合物加热至90-95℃过夜。使反应物冷却至室温后,该混合物用水和乙酸乙酯稀释,水层再用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。真空除去溶剂,得到淡琥珀色油,0680g。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHzz):d10.46(s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.74(m,1H),7.48(m,1H),7.23(m,1H),6.97(m,2H)。
质谱(GCMS,m/z):334(m+)。
以同样的方式制备下列式IV的醛和酮中间体:
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
2 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 35 | 57-58 | 269,267 | (s,1H),7.94(d,1H),7.56(m,1H),7.42(d,1H),7.24(m,1H),7.15(s,1H),6.90(m,2H). |
3 | 5-F | 4-Cl | H | 57 | 油 | 252,250 | (s,1H),7.58{dd,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.23(m,1H),6.95(m,1H),6.90(dd,1H). |
4 | H | 4-Cl | H | 71 | 油 | 234,232 | (s,1H),7.92(dd,1H),7.51(m,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.22(t,1H),7.00(m,2H),6.87(dd,1H). |
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(cDCl3,δ) |
5 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 67 | 油 | 286,284 | (d,1H),7.60(dd,1H),7.42(d,1H),7.28(m,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.95(dd,1H),6.87(dd,1H). |
6 | 5-F | 3,4-(OCH2O) | H | 38 | 油 | 270 | (s,1H),7.57(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.18(m,1H),7.04(d,1H),6.88(m,1H),6.73(m,2H),2.72(m,4H),1.78(m,4H). |
7 | 5-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 98 | 油 | 336,334 | (s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.74(m,1H),7.48(m,1H),7.23(m,1H),6.97(m,2H). |
8 | 5-NO2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 20 | 油 | 313,311 | (s,1H),8.78(d,1H),8.35(dd,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.02(dd,1H),6.94(d,1H). |
9 | 3-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 98 | 油 | 336,334 | (s,1H),8.16(dd,1H),7.99(dd,1H),7.54(t,1H),7.34(d,1H),6.92(d,1H),6.6(dd,1H). |
10 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | CH3 | 17 | 油 | 284,282 | (dd,1H),7.46(dt,1H),7.39(d,1H),7.24(dt,1H),7.21(d,1H),7.08(d,1H),6.92(dd,1H),6.83(dd,1H),2.57(s,3H). |
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
11 | H | 4-CH3 | H | 69 | 油 | 212 | (s,1H),7.46(m,1H),7.15(m,3H),6.96(m,2H),6.84(d,1H),2.34(s,3H). |
12 | 4-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 44 | 油 | 338,336 | (s,1H),8.05(d,1H),7.49(d,2H),7.22(m,1H),7.13(s,3H),6.94(dd,1H). |
13 | H | 3,4-F2 | H | 68 | 油 | 234 | (s,1H),7.93(dd,1H),7.53(dt,1H),7.23(d,1H),7.17(t,1H),6.89(m,2H),6.78(m,1H). |
14 | H | 4-CH3 | CH3 | 19 | 油 | 227 | (dd,1H),7.38(m,1H),7.13(m,3H),6.86(m,3H),2.63(s,3H),2.33(s,3H). |
15 | 6-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 79 | 油 | 336334 | (s,1H),7.59(m,2H),7.42(dd,1H),7.14(dd,1H),7.12(m,1H),6.87(m,1H). |
16 | 5-F | 3,4-(CH3)2 | H | 53 | 油 | 244 | (s,1H),7.57(dd,1H),7.19(m,1H),7.11(d,1H),6.87(dd,1H),6.81(m,1H),6.75(dd,1H),2.24(s,6H). |
17 | H | 3,4-(CH3)2 | H | 60 | 油 | 226 | (s,1H),7.91(dd,1H), |
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
7.89(d,1H),7.46(dt,1H),7.11(m,2H),6.85(m,2H),6.79(dd,1H),2.24(s,6H). | |||||||
18 | 4-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 37 | 油 | 336,334 | (s,1H),8.04(d,1H),7.48(m,2H),7.20(s,1H),7.13(s,1H),6.94(dd,1H). |
19 | 4-Cl | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 55 | 油 | 302,300 | (s,1H),7.86(d,1H),7.46(d,1H),7.19(m,2H),6.94(dd,1H),6.86(d,1H). |
20 | 5-F | 3,4-(OCH2O) | H | 19 | 油 | 260 | (s,1H),7.56(dd,1H),7.19(m,1H),6.86(dd,1h),6.77(d,1H),6.58(s,1H),6.47(d,1H),5.99(s,2H). |
21 | 3-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 63 | 泡沫 | 286,284 | (s 1H),7.76(d,1H),7.41(m,3H),6.81(s,1H),6.80(s,1H). |
22 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | CH3 | 15 | 泡沫 | 300,298 | (dd,1H),7.40(d,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.05(d,1H),6.94(dd,1H),6.80(dd,1H),2.55(s,3H). |
23 | 5-F | 4-Cl | CH3 | 27 | 泡沫 | 266,264 | (dd,1H),7.30(d,2H),7.15(dt, 1H),6.89(d,2H),2.57(s,3H). |
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
24 | 4-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 41 | 油 | 286,284 | 10.2(s,1H),7.85(m,1H),7.47(d,1H),7.22(d,1H),6.95(m,1H),6.82(m,1H),6.68(m,1H). |
25 | 5-OCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 9 | 油 | 298,296 | (s,1H),7.38(m,2H),7.15(M,1h),7.05(S,1h),6.94(D,1h),6.83(DD,1h),3.84(S,3h). |
26 | H | 4-Cl | CH3 | 29 | 油 | 248,246 | (d,1H),7.43 (dt,1H),7.31(s,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.21(t,1H),6.92(d,1H),6.88(d,1H),2.60(s,3H). |
27 | 5-F | 4-Cl | H | 60 | 油 | 252,250 | (s,1H),7.59(dd,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.23(m,1H),6.94(m,3H). |
28 | 4,5-(OCH3)2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 40 | 油 | 328,326 | (s,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.07(dd,1H),6.95(dd,1H),6.85(dd,1H),6.83(dd,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.85(s,3H) |
29 | 4,5-(CH3)2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 29 | 油 | 296,294 | (s,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.07(s,1H),6.85(m,1H),671s,1H),2.26(d,6H). |
30 | 5-Br | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 90 | 129-132 | 346,344 | 10.4(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.64(dd,1H),7.45(dd,1H),7.15(d,1H), |
制备序号 | X(n) | Y(m) | R3 | 产率(%) | m.p.(℃) | m/z(m+) | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
6.91(dd,1H),6.89(dd,1H) | |||||||
31 | 4-Br | 3,4-Cl2 | H | 47 | 固体 | 346,344 | (s,1H),7.79(dd,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.19(m,1H),7.03(m,1H),6.94 (m,1H). |
制备32
5-氰基-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苯甲醛
在氮气氛下,在装有回流冷凝器和磁搅拌器的火焰干燥的3-颈圆底烧瓶中,将5-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苯甲醛(3.0g,8.7mmol)、氰化锌(II)(1.5g,13mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(O)(1.5g,1.3mmol)在无水DMF(145ml)中的混合物在室温进行搅拌,同时用氮气脱气5分钟。在约80℃加热90分钟后,经薄层色谱(50%CH2Cl2∶己烷)验证反应完全,并使其冷却至室温。然后用水和乙酸乙酯(EA)稀释反应混合物,并再搅拌10分钟。分离水层,用EA萃取两次并与原始的EA层合并,并用罗谢尔盐水溶液(四水合酒石酸钾钠)洗涤,然后用氯化钠水溶液洗涤。有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到油。该油在15×5cm硅胶柱上经闪式色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2∶己烷(1∶1)洗脱,得到标题化合物,为白色固体,1.5g(60%),m.p.122-126℃。
质谱(GC/MS,m/z):291(m+),262。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,d):10.47(s,1H),8.22(d,1H),7.75(dd,1H),7.53(d,1H),7.25(m,1H),6.98(dd,1H),6.92(d,1H)。
以同样的方式,由相应的4-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苯甲醛制备4-氰基-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苯甲醛,为澄清的油,16%。质谱(GC/MS,m/z):291(m+)。1H-nmr(CDCl3,d):10.45(s,1H),8.02(d,1H),7.55(m,2H),7.23(m,1H),7.14(m,1H),6.96(dd,1H)。
制备33
4,5-二甲氧基-2-氟苯甲醛
向装有磁搅拌器和氮气入口的火焰干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入在20ml无水CH2Cl2中的4-氟邻二甲氧基苯(0.78g,5.0mmol,Aldrich ChemicalCo.)。冷却至0℃后,加入氯化钛(IV)(0.91ml,1.57g,8.3mmol),10分钟后,加入a,a-二氯甲基甲基醚(0.45ml,0.575g,5.0mmol)。使该混合物冷却至室温,2小时后,用过量碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液终止反应。该悬浮液经硅藻土过滤,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并用水、然后用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,真空除去有机溶剂,得到标题化合物,为白色固体,910mg。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,d):10.2(s,1H),7.26(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),3.93(s,3H),3.89(s,3H)。
制备34
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-苄腈
在氮气氛下,在装有回流冷凝器和磁搅拌器的单颈圆底烧瓶中,用2,5-二氟苄腈(1.39g,10mmol,Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,W1)处理3,4-二氯酚(1.96g,12mmol)和无水碳酸钾(4.14g,30mmol)在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,50ml)中的混合物,并加热至95-100℃,保持18小时。然后将该混合物冷却至室温,并用乙酸乙酯(EA)稀释,水层用另一份EA萃取,合并EA层,用水、2N NaOH、水洗涤,并最终用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,真空除去溶剂,得到黄褐色固体。
质谱(GC/MS):m/z281(m+)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,d):7.43(d,1H),7.37(dd,1H),7.26(m,1H),7.12(d,1H),6.92(m,2H)。
以同样的方式制备下列式VI的苄腈,经闪式色谱(硅胶,用在己烷中的20%CH2Cl2洗脱)后分离:
制备序号 | X | Y | 产率% | m/z.m+ | 1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ) |
35 | 5-CH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | 24 | 279,277 | (bs,1H),7.40(d,1H),7.30(dd,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.87(m,2H),2.34(s,3H). |
36 | 4-OCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | 46 | 295,293 | (d,1H),7.44(d,1H),7.17(d,1H),6.94(dd,1H),6.70(dd,1H),6.37(d,1H),3.78(s,3H). |
37 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | 98 | 265,263 | (dd,1H),7.52(t,1H),7.44(d,1H),720(m,2H),6.92(m,2H). |
制备38
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺
用2滴N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)处理0.602g(2.0mmol)2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苯甲酸在20mL无水苯中的混合物,然后缓缓加入0.785g(481μL,6.6mmol)亚硫酰氯。加热回流3.5小时后,在室温搅拌该溶液过夜,并真空浓缩,得到黄褐色油,该油与新鲜的苯共沸两次。将残余物再溶解于4mL苯中,并在25℃加至15mL 1.0M CH3NH2的CH3OH溶液(Aldrich Chem.Co.)中。12小时后,真空浓缩该混合物,并在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。然后用另外的乙酸乙酯萃取水层,合并的有机提取液用水洗涤,然后用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到棕色油,该油一经放置慢慢固化,0.654g。
1H-nmr(CDCI3,400MHz,8):7.89(dd,1H),7.41(d,1h),7.30(bs,1H,NH),7.09(m,2H),6.83(m,2H),2.95(d,3H)。
制备39
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苄腈
向装有氮气入口和磁搅拌器的火焰干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入2.9g(18mmol)3,4-二氯酚、6.2g(45mmol)碳酸钾和50mL无水DMF。在搅拌下,加入2.08g(15mmol)2,5-二氟苄腈(Aldrich Chem.Co.),并在105℃将该混合物加热过夜,冷却至室温,在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。水层用乙酸乙酯再萃取,合并的有机层依次用2N NaOH、水和包括氯化钠水溶液洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,除去溶剂,得到标题产物,为淡棕色油,该油缓缓固化,3.5g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):281(m+)。
1H-nmr(CDCl3,400MHz,δ):7.43(d,1H),7.37(dd,1H),7.26(m,1H),7.12(d,1H),6.92(m,2H)。
制备40
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苯甲醛
在室温搅拌下,向装有氮气入口和磁搅拌器的火焰干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入1.24g(9.0mmol)碳酸钾和20mL无水DMF,然后加入0.513g(3.15mmol)3,4-二氯酚。5分钟后,加入0.426g(3.0mmol)2,5-二氟苯甲醛(Aldrich Chem.Co.),并在95℃加热该混合物18小时。冷却至室温后,该混合物用水洗涤,用乙酸乙酯萃取两次,有机提取液用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。除去溶剂,得到棕色油,963mg,经230-400目二氧化硅色谱纯化,用5%EtOAc∶95%己烷洗脱。
从适当的馏分中分离标题产物,为白色低熔点固体,0.572g。
1H-nmr(CDCl3,400MHz,δ):7.60(dd,1H),7.42(d,1H),7.28(m,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.95(dd,1H),6.87(dd,1H)。
实施例1
2-氟-6-(对甲苯氧基)苄胺
向装有氮气入口和磁搅拌器的火焰干燥的圆底烧瓶中加入在THF(6.0mmol,Aldrich Chem.Co.)中的6.0mL 1.0M氢化铝锂,然后在室温再加入10mL无水THF。在搅拌下,经注射器缓缓加入0.341g(1.5mmol)2-氟-6-(对甲苯氧基)苄腈(Maybridge Chem.Co.Ltd.,Trevillett,Tintagel,Cornwall,UK),使得产生一些轻微的泡沫。4小时后,tlc(CHCl3∶CH3OH,95∶5)表明没有原料,并且有两个新的非常有极性的点。在用冰浴冷却下,用230mL水、230mL 15%NaOH、然后用690mL水终止反应。在室温搅拌15分钟后,该混合物经硅藻土垫过滤,滤垫用小量的二氯甲烷洗涤,真空浓缩合并的有机滤液,得到黄色油,0.287g。该油在10g硅胶(230-400目)上经色谱纯化,首先用二氯甲烷洗脱,然后用加有增加百分比的甲醇的二氯甲烷洗脱。洗脱得到两个低极性的点,2-氟-6-(对甲苯氧基)苄胺,为黄色油,0.120g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):232(m+),215(m+-NH3)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):d 7.12(m,3H),6.86(m,2H),6.78(t,1H),6.60(dd,1H),3.92(s,2H),2.32(s,3H),1.72(bs,2H,NH2)。
色谱经进一步洗脱,得到更具有极性的组分,为2-(对-甲苯氧基)苄胺,为黄色油,0.082g。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):d 7.34(d,1H),7.12(m,4H),6.86(m,3H),3.87(s,2H),2.31(s,3H),1.80(bs,2H,NH2)。
采用同样的方法,由相应的苄腈VI制备下列式I的苄基氨基化合物(其中R1-4=H):
实施例序号 | X | Y | 产率(%) | m.p.,℃(HCl salt) | m/z,m+ | 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,δ) |
2 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | 87 | 198-201 | 270,268 | (bs,1H,HCl),7.65(d,1H),7.59(d,1H),.7.36(m,2H),7.22(t,1H),7.06(dd,1H),6.92(d,1H),4.00(s,2H). |
3 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | 67 | 190-194 | 288,286 | (d,1H),7.52(dd,1H),7.31(s,1H),7.23(dt,1H),7.03(m,2H),3.99(bs,2H). |
4 | 5-CH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | 54 | 217-219 | 284,282 | (d,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.22(d,1H),7.20(m,1H),6.99(m,1H),6.87(d,1H),3.94(bs,2H),2.28(s,3H). |
5 | 4-OCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | 37 | 167-168 | 300,298 | (d,1H),7.52(d,1H),7.35(d,1H),7.06(dd,1H),6.82(dd,1H),6.45(d,1H),3.90(m,2H),3.68(s,3H). |
实施例6
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苄基]-二甲胺马来酸盐
向装有磁搅拌器和氮气入口的圆底烧瓶中加入在25mL乙醇中的0.331g(4.06mmol)二甲胺盐酸盐(Aldrich)和0.410g(4.06mmol)三乙胺,同时搅拌直至溶液澄清。在室温,经注射器加入1.15g异丙醇钛(IV)(1.2mL,4.06mmol),然后加入0.680g(2.03mmol)2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基-苯甲醛,得到黄棕色溶液,将该溶液搅拌过夜。向所得浑浊的溶液中加入0.115g(3.05mmol)硼氢化钠,并继续搅拌24小时。然后用6N HCI(~pH=10)终止反应,再搅拌2小时,并用乙酸乙酯稀释。水层用饱和碳酸钠碱化,用另外一份乙酸乙酯使其分层,并将该两层混合物经硅藻土垫过滤,硅藻土垫用乙酸乙酯和水充分洗涤。将乙酸乙酯层与另一份水层提取液合并,合并的有机物用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,得到黄色油,0.626g。
质谱:(APCI,m/z)366,364(m+)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):d7.78(s,1H),7.47(dd,1H),7.39(s,1H),7.04(s,1H),6.90(dd,1H),6.80(dd,1H),3.48(s,2H),2.26(s,6H)。
将上述油溶解在无水乙醚中,用在2mL丙酮中的0.199g马来酸处理。该混合物经硅藻土薄垫过滤,得到澄清的溶液,然后在室温搅拌8小时。将所得固体过滤,用乙醚洗涤并真空干燥,熔点127-128℃。
C16H14Cl2F3NO·C4H4O4的元素分析,计算值:C,50.01,H,3.77,N,2.92。实测值:C,49.93,H,3.85,N,3.04。
以同样的方式制备下列其中R4是氢的式I化合物:
实施例序号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析分子式CHN计算值:CHN实测值 |
7 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 173-174 | 298,296 | C15H15Cl2NO·HCl·H2OC54.16,H4.85,N4.21:C54.02,H |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析分子式CHN计算值:CHN实测值 |
4.77,N4.23 | |||||||
8 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 126 | 284.282 | C14H13Cl2NO·3/4C4H4O4 C54.42,H4.48,N3.73:C54.46,H4.48,N3.52 |
9 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHC2H5 | 133-135 | 298,296 | C15H15Cl2NO·C4H4O4C55.35,H4.65,N3.40:C55.16,H4.68,N3.40 |
10 | 5-F | 4-Cl | H | NHCH3 | 208-209 | 268,266 | C14H13ClFNO·HClC55.64,H4.66,N4.63:C55.64,H4.52,N4.55 |
11 | H | 4-Cl | H | N(CH3)2 | 122 | 264,262 | C15H16ClNO·C4H4O4C60.40,H5.33,N3.70:C60.46,H5.29,N3.71 |
12 | H | 4-Cl | H | NHCH3 | 128-129 | 250,248 | C14H14ClNO·C4H4O4·1/3H2OC58.46,H5.09,N379:C58.26,H4.87,N3.89 |
13 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 174-175 | 316,314 | C15H14Cl2FNO·HClC51.38,H3.89,N4.16:C51.35,H4.22,N3.91 |
14 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 202-203 | 302,300 | C14H12Cl2FNO·HClC49.95,H3.89,N |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析式CHN计算:CHN实测 |
4.16:C50.05,H4.04,N4.21 | |||||||
15 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 129-130 | 302,300 | C14H12Cl2FNO·C4H4O4 C50.48,H4.37,N3.68:C50.24,H4.37,N3.68 |
16 | 5-NO2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 343,341 | 未测定 | |
17 | 3-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 229-230 | 366,364 | C16H14Cl2F3NO·HCl·H2O C45.90,H4.09,N3.35:C45.70,H3.82,N3.30 |
18 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | 130-133 | 312,310 | C16H17Cl2NO·HCl未测定 |
19 | H | 4-CH3 | H | N(CH3)2 | 111-113 | 242 | C16H19NO·C4H4O4·H2O C66.38,H6.55,N3.87:C66.47,H6.40,N3.95 |
20 | 4-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 131-133 | 366,364 | C16H14Cl2F3NO·C4H4O4·2/3 H2O C48.80,H3.96,N2.85:C48.85,H3.77,N2.97 |
21 | H | 3,4-F2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 145-147 | 264 | C15H15F2NO·C4H4O4C60.15,H5.05,N3.69:C60.09,H |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析式CHN计算:CHN实测 |
4.91,N3.74 | |||||||
22 | H | 3,4-F2 | H | NHCH3 | 101-102 | 250 | C14H13F2NO·C4H4O4C59.17,H4.69,N3.83:C59.04,H4.82,N3.93 |
23 | H | 4-CH3 | CH3 | NHCH3 | 114-116 | 242 | C16H19NO·C4H4O4·1/8H2O C66.79,H6.52,N3.89:C66.82,H6.58,N3.95 |
24 | 6-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 166-168 | 366,364 | C16H14Cl2F3NO·HClC47.96,H3.77,N3.49:C47.95,H3.81,N3.48 |
25 | 6-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 123-125 | 352,350 | C15H12C12F3NO·C4H4O4 C48.94,H3.45,N3.00:C48.90,H3.58,N3.23 |
26 | 5-F | 3,4-(CH3)2 | H | NHCH3 | 123-124 | 260 | C15H18FNO·C4H4O4C63.99,H5.91,N3.73:C63.89,H5.91,N3.760 |
27 | H | 3,4-(CH3)2 | H | NHCH3 | 118-119 | 242 | C16H19NO·C4H4O4C67.20,H6.48,N3.91:C66.91,H6.48,N3.96 |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析式CHN计算:CHN实测 |
28 | 4-CF3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 164-166 | 352,350 | C15H12Cl2F3NO·C4H4O4C48.94,H3.46,N3.00:C49.02,H3.22,N3.06 |
29 | 4-Cl | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 132-133 | 318,316 | C14H12Cl3NO·C4H4O4C49.96,H3.72,N3.24:C49.89,H3.49,N3.25 |
30 | 5-F | 3,4-(OCH2O) | H | NHCH3 | 96-97 | 276 | C15H14NO3·C4H4O4C58.31,H4.63,N3.57:C58.34,H4.38,N3.62 |
31 | 3-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 138-140 | 302,300 | C14H12Cl2FNO·C4H4O4C51.94,H3.87,N3.36:C51.96,H3.87,N344 |
32 | 5-F | 3,4-Cl2 | CH3 | NHCH3 | 127 | 316,314 | C15H14Cl2FNO·C4H4O4C5304,H4.22,N3.25:C53.23,H4.21,N3.23 |
33 | 5-F | 4-Cl | CH3 | NHCH3 | 173-175 | 282,280 | C15H15ClFNO·HClC56.98,H5.10,N4.43:C56.90,H5.34,N4.42 |
34 | 4-F | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 151-152 | C14H12Cl2FNO·C4H4O4C50.31,H4.10,N326:C |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析式CHN计算:CHN实测 |
50.28,H3.93,N3.24 | |||||||
35 | 5-OCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 140-141 | 314,312 | C15H15Cl2NO2·HCl·1/4 H2OC51.01,H4.71,N3.97:C51.08,H4.54,N3.91 |
36 | H | 4-Cl | CH3 | NHCH3 | 147-149 | 264,262 | C15H16ClNO·HClC60.41,H5.74,N4.69:C60.02,H5.74,N4.65 |
37 | 5-F | 4-Cl | H | N(CH3)2 | 103 | 282280 | C15H15ClFNO·C4H4O4 C57.65,H4.83,N3.53:C57.74,H4.82,N3.47 |
38 | 4,5-(OCH3)2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 143-145 | 344,342 | C16H17Cl2NO3·HClC47.37,H5.20,N3.45:C47.36,H4.93,N3.49 |
39 | 4,5-(CH3)2 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 312,310 | C16H17Cl2NO·HClC55.43,H5.23,N4.04:C55.84,H4.80,N3.80 | |
40 | 5-Br | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 206-210 | 364,362 | C14H12BrCl2NO·HClC42.30,H3.30,N3.52:C42.13,H3.13,N3.36 |
41 | 4-Br | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 185-189 | 364,362 | C14H12BrCl2NO·HClC42.30,H3.30,N3.52:C42.03,H |
实施例号 | X | Y | R3 | NR1R2 | mp,℃ | m/z,m+ | 元素分析式CHN计算:CHN实测 |
3.07,N3.33 | |||||||
42 | H | 4-SCH3 | H | N(CH3)2 | 171-173 | 274 | C16H19NOS·HCl Not测定 |
43 | H | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 162-164 | 298,296 | C15H15Cl2NO·HClC54.32,H4.55,N4.22:C54.05,H4.76,N4.17 |
44 | 4-CN | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 200-205 | 309,307 | C15H12Cl2N2O·HCl·H2OC51.75,H3.91,N8.05:C51.82,H3.80,N7.83 |
45 | 5-SO2-NHCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | NHCH3 | 202-204 | 376,374 | C15H16Cl2N2O3S·HClC 43.75,H4.16,N6.80:C43.66,H3.88,N6.37 |
46 | 4-OCH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 113-115 | 328,326 | C16H17Cl2NO2·C4H4O4C54.31,H4.78,N3.17C54.34,H4.59,N2.97 |
47 | 5-CH3 | 3,4-Cl2 | H | N(CH3)2 | 196-198 | 312,310 | C16H17Cl2N·HClC55.43,H5.23,N4.04:C55.28,H5.12,N4.00 |
实施例52
(2-氟-6-(对甲苯氧基)苄基)-二甲胺马来酸盐(I,R 1,2 =CH3 )
在氮气氛下,用215mL(2.86mmol)37%甲醛水溶液(Aldrich)处理0.120g(0.52mmol2-氟-6-(对甲苯氧基)苄胺(由实施例3制备)在2mL CH3OH中的溶液,产生固体沉淀。然后加入三乙酸基硼氢化钠(0.319g,1.43mmol),在变为澄清溶液之前产生一些泡沫。在室温搅拌过夜后,加入水和乙酸乙酯,水层用乙酸乙酯进一步萃取,合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,真空除去溶剂,得到淡黄色膜,0.110g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):260(m+1)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):d7.28(m,1H),7.14(m,2H),6.91(m,2H),6.83(t,1H),6.56(d,1H),4.38(s,2H),2.79(s,6H),2.32(s,3H)。
将粗品胺(84mg)溶解在乙醚中,用在2mL丙酮中的38mg(1当量)马来酸处理。在室温搅拌18小时后,滤出白色固体的盐,并用小量乙醚洗涤,经高真空干燥,得到0.048g标题产物,熔点147-148℃。
C16H18FNO·C4H4O4的元素分析,计算值:C,63.99,H,5.90,N,3.73。实测值:C,63.97,H,5.91,N,3.67。
实施例53
4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-(二甲基氨基甲基)-苯胺盐酸盐
在氮气氛下,在250mL Parr瓶中,用30mL EtOAc和0.53g(1.55mmol)[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-硝基苄基]-二甲胺(如制备1所述制备)、然后用2滴乙酸处理0.265g 10%披钯碳。该混合物在40-45psi H2下氢化90分钟,此时经tlc(90∶10 CHCl3∶CH3OH)监测没有可见的原料。加入饱和碳酸氢钠以调节至pH>7,并将该溶液经硅藻土垫过滤,硅藻土垫用水和乙酸乙酯洗涤。合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,得到黄褐色油,0.325g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):313,311。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):d 7.39(m,2H),7.21(m,3H),6.70(dd,1H),4.52(s,2H),2.89(s,6H)。
将该油溶解在乙醚中,并用2.1mL 1.0M HCl的Et2O溶液(Aldrich)处理,在室温搅拌2小时,并过滤。真空干燥后,得到0.286g标题产物,熔点228℃。
实施例54
N-[4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-二甲基氨基甲基苯基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐
在室温和氮气氛下,向0.130g(0.375mmol)4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-(二甲基氨基甲基)-苯胺盐酸盐(由实施例53制备)在3mL甲苯中的悬浮液中加入110mL三乙胺。2小时后,加入28mL(0.394mmol)乙酰氯,并将该混合物再搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释。水层用乙酸乙酯进一步萃取,合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,得到黄褐色油,0.116g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):355,353。
将粗产物溶解在乙醚中,并用330mL 1.0M HCl的乙醚溶液处理。在室温搅拌后,将该固体过滤,并用小量乙醚洗涤洗涤,然后真空干燥,得到标题产物,88mg,熔点199-202℃。
C17H18Cl2N2O2·HCl·3/4H2O的元素分析:C,50.64,H,5.12,N,6.95。实测值:C,50.51,H,5.19,N,6.66。
实施例55
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷盐酸盐
A.2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苯甲酸
在氮气氛下,向装有回流冷凝器和磁搅拌器的圆底烧瓶中加入在60mL无水甲苯中的6.37g(19.55mmol)碳酸铯和3.2g(19.55mmol)3,4-二氯酚(均得自Aldrich Chem.Co.,Milwaukee,W1)。搅拌该混合物5分钟后,加入89mg(0.24mmol)三氟甲磺酸铜(II)和0.26g(9.78mmol)5-氟-2-碘苯甲酸(按照Collection of CZechoslovakian ChemicalCommunications,1975,vol.40,p728所述方法制备),并将该混合物加热回流过夜。用薄层色谱(tlc)监测反应进程,用CHCl3∶CH3OH∶AcOH(9∶1∶0.5)洗脱。使该反应物冷却至室温,该混合物用水和乙酸乙酯稀释;水层用6N HCl酸化,并用另外一份乙酸乙酯再萃取。合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。真空除去溶剂,得到深棕色油,2.6g,为标题化合物与未反应的5-氟-2-碘苯甲酸的混合物。
或者,将4.28g(15mmol)2-(3,4-二氯-苯氧基)-5-氟苯甲醛(制备序号5)在25mL丙酮中的溶液冷却至5-10℃,经注射器用5.8mL(15.6mmol)2.67M琼斯试剂*处理。在此温度保持1小时后,用8mL异丙醇终止反应,使其温热至25℃,经硅藻土垫过滤。真空浓缩滤液至约1/4体积,用水稀释并用氯仿萃取几次。有机层用水、然后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,最后用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,得到2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苯甲酸,为黄褐色固体,4.19g。1H-nmr(CDCl3,400MHz,δ):7.78(dd,1H),7.38(d,1H),7.27(m,1H),6.98(m,2H),6.81(dd,1H)。
*琼斯试剂由13.4g三氧化铬和11.5mL浓硫酸制备,并用水稀释至50mL终体积。
B.
2-(3 4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苯甲酸乙基酯
用1mL硫酸处理上述在75mL乙醇中的混合物,并加热回流7小时,然后在室温搅拌过夜。真空除去溶剂,将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯中,用水、饱和碳酸钠水溶液、然后用水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,蒸发溶剂,得到棕色油,2.1g。1H-nmr(CDCl3,400MHz,δ):7.64(dd,1H),7.31(d,1H),7.22(m,1H),7.03(dd,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.72(dd,1H),4.24(q,2H),1.19(t,3H)。
C.
3-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯甲酰基]-1-乙烯基-吡咯烷-2-酮
在氮气氛下,搅拌12.2mL(12.2mmol)1.0M二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂在THF(Aldrich Chem.Co.)中的溶液,并冷却至-30℃,同时经注射器加入781μL(0.812g,7.31mmol)1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(AldrichChem.Co.)。在此温度搅拌1小时后,加入在20mL THF中的上述乙基酯,生成几乎是黑色的溶液。该混合物在室温搅拌72小时,然后用水和乙酸乙酯稀释。水层用乙酸乙酯进一步萃取,合并有机层,用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,得到黄褐色泡沫,2.18g。该物质无需纯化即用于下一步反应。
D.
5-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯
将上述物质与40mL 6N HCl混合,并回流30分钟,产生树胶状的沉淀。加入1,4-二噁烷(30mL),并是所得溶液再回流30小时,得到黑色溶液。用饱和碳酸钾水溶液使反应碱化,并用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。合并的有机提取液用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,并用活性炭(Darco G60)处理。经硅藻土过滤,用乙酸乙酯充分洗涤滤垫,并浓缩滤液,得到黄褐色油,0.803g,该物质无需进一步纯化即用于下一步反应。质谱(m/e):325,323(m+)。
E.
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷盐酸盐
在室温和氮气氛下,向在15mL无水乙醇中的0.300g(0.93mmol)上述物质中加入70mg(1.86mmol)氢硼化钠(小心:发泡)。24小时后,tlc(CHCl3∶CH3OH,95∶5)表明形成新的极性产物。加入水以终止残余的硼氢化钠反应,将该混合物蒸发,得到澄清的油,将该油再溶解于乙酸乙酯中,并用水洗涤。有机层再用水、饱和氯化钠洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥。真空除去溶剂,得到澄清的膜,0.202g。
质谱(m/e):328,326(m+1)。
1H-nmr(CDCl3,400MHz,δ):7.35(dd,1H),7.32(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),6.87(m,2H),6.73(dd,1H),4.26(t,1H),3.11(m,1H),2.97(m,1H),1.78(m,2H),1.52(m,1H)。
将游离碱溶解在5mL乙醚中,用在乙醚中的622mL 1.0M HCl处理,然后搅拌1.5小时,生成标题化合物的盐酸盐,为淡黄色固体,165mg,熔点171-173℃。
质谱(m/e):328,326(m+1)。
C16H14C12FNO·HCl的元素分析:C,52.99;H,4.17;N,3.86。实测值:C,53.23;H,4.25;N,3.89。
实施例56
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺
在氮气氛下,经注射器用在THF中的4.0ml(4.0mmol)1.0M BH3(Aldrich Chem.Co.)处理0.313g(1.0mmol)2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺在5.0mL无水四氢呋喃(THF)中的混合物,并将该混合物加热回流总共48小时。通过加入25mL 6N HCl终止反应,并加热回流,直至通过tlc(CHCl3∶CH3OH∶TEA,(95∶5∶1))检测不到游离胺。然后用水稀释该冷却的混合物,用碳酸钾碱化,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层用水和饱和氯化钠洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到游离碱,为淡棕色油,0.164g(54%)。如上所述将该混合物转化为盐酸盐,熔点200-202℃。
实施例57
2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苄胺
在室温,向装有氮气入口和磁搅拌器的火焰干燥的烧瓶中加入在THF中的3.0mL 2.0M硼烷甲基硫化配合物(6.0mmol,Aldrich Chem.Co.),然后加入10mL无水THF。在搅拌下,经注射器缓缓加入0.562g(2.0mmol)2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟-苄腈(制备37的标题化合物),产生轻微的泡沫。添加完成后,使反应物加热回流总共3小时,tlc(CHCl3∶CH3OH∶浓NH4OH,95∶5∶1)显示没有剩余的原料。在用冰浴冷却下,用10mL 6N HCl终止反应,加热回流1小时以打破该硼配合物,并用饱和碳酸钠水溶液慢慢碱化。该混合物用水和乙酸乙酯稀释,将有机层与水层的第二次乙酸乙酯提取液合并,然后用水和饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,真空除去溶剂,得到黄褐色油,0.676g。该油在乙醚和6N HCl之间分配,乙醚层再用6N HCl萃取,合并水层,用碳酸钠水溶液碱化,并用乙醚再萃取。用硫酸镁使后一有机提取液干燥,并真空浓缩,得到黄褐色油,0.538g。
质谱(APCI,m/z):286(m+),288。
将所得油溶解在乙醚中,用在乙醚中的2.0mL 1.0M HCl处理。在室温搅拌所得固体2小时,用乙醚洗涤并真空干燥,得到标题产物的盐酸盐,0.434g,熔点190-194℃。
C13H10Cl2FNO.HCl的元素分析:C,48.40,H,3.43,N,4.34。实测值:C,48.22,H,3.80,N,4.28。
Claims (16)
1.下式化合物及其可药用盐
其中苯环A和苯环B可以独立地被萘基替换,并且其中当苯环A被萘基替换时,结构式I的醚氧原子和连接R3、R4和NR1R2的碳原子与毗邻的萘基环碳原子相连,并且所述两个毗邻的环碳原子都不与所述萘基的稠合环碳原子相邻;
n和m独立地选自1、2和3;
R1和R2独立地选自氢、(C1-C4)烷基、(C2-C4)链烯基和(C2-C4)链炔基,或者R1和R2与和它们相连的氮原子一起形成4-8元饱和环,该环含有1或2个杂原子、包括与R1和R2相连的氮原子,其中第二个杂原子,如果存在的话,选自氧、氮和硫,条件是所述环不含有两个相邻的氧原子或两个相邻的硫原子,并且其中所述环可任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
R3和R4独立地选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基,所述烷基可任选地被1-3个氟原子取代,或者R3和R4与和它们相连的碳原子一起形成4-8元饱和碳环,并且其中所述环可以任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
或者R2和R3与和R2相连的氮原子以及和R3相连的碳原子一起形成4-8元饱和环,该环含有1或2个杂原子、包括与R2相连的氮原子,其中第二个杂原子,如果存在的话,选自氧、氮和硫,条件是所述环不含有两个相邻的氧原子或两个相邻的硫原子,并且其中所述环可任选地在可利用的结合位置被1-3个独立地选自羟基和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代;
每个X独立地选自氢、卤素(即氯、氟、溴或碘)、任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的(C1-C4)烷基、任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的(C1-C4)烷氧基、氰基、硝基、氨基、(C1-C4)烷氨基、二-[(C1-C4)烷基]氨基、NR5(C=O)(C1-C4)烷基、SO2NR5R6和SOp(C1-C6)烷基,其中R5和R6独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基,并且p是0、1或2;并且
每个Y独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基,-SCH3、(OCH2O)和卤素;
条件是:(a)NR1R2、CR3R4和R2NCR3中不超过一个可以形成环;(b)在下述条件下,至少一个X一定不是氢:当(i)R3和R4均为氢时,(ii)R1和R2独立地选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基,和(iii)环B是分别被1或2个卤素基团一-或二取代的;(c)当各X为氢且Y为卤素时,R2NCR3不能形成4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑环;和(d)当R1、R2、R3和R4都为氢且环B为未取代的时,X不能为卤素。
2.权利要求1的化合物或盐,其中n是1,X是氟,R3和R4是氢,R1是氢,R2是甲基,m是2,并且Y是Ym是3,4-二氯。
3.权利要求1的化合物或盐,其中m是0,n是1,R3和R4是氢,X是氯、溴、碘或甲基,R1是氢并且R2是甲基。
4.权利要求1的化合物或盐,其中所述化合物或盐选自下列化合物及其可药用盐:
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
N-[4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-二甲基氨基甲基苯基]-乙酰胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-乙基}-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-三氟甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-三氟甲基苄基]-甲胺;
[4-氯-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基}-乙基}-甲胺;
{1-[2-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
{1-[2-(4-氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-甲基苄基]-二甲胺;
[4-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
[5-溴-2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4,5-二甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲氧基苄基]-二甲胺;
4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-3-甲基氨基甲基-苄腈;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4,5-二甲基苄基]-甲胺;
3-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲基氨基甲基-苄腈;
(+)-{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
(-)-{1-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-乙基}-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基-苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-4-甲氧基苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(4-氯-3-氟苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
[2-(3-氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-氟苄基]-甲胺;
(+/-)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;
(-)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;
(+)-2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-吡咯烷;和
2-[2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-5-氟苯基]-N-甲基吡咯烷。
5.治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物组合物:高血压、抑郁包括癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症包括广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍包括神经性厌食和神经性贪食、肥胖、化学品依赖包括酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍包括痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退、帕金森氏病包括帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍、内分泌病症包括高催乳素血症、血管痉挛包括脑脉管系统、小脑性共济失调、涉及能动性和分泌变化的胃肠道疾病、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍、慢性阵发性偏头痛和与血管疾病有关的头痛,包括治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的权利要求1的化合物及可药用载体。
6.药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括治疗这些疾病或病症有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。
7.权利要求1的式I化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物中的用途:高血压、抑郁包括癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症包括广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍包括神经性厌食和神经性贪食、肥胖、化学品依赖包括酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍包括痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退、帕金森氏病包括帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍、内分泌病症包括高催乳素血症、血管痉挛包括脑脉管系统、小脑性共济失调、涉及能动性和分泌变化的胃肠道疾病、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍、慢性阵发性偏头痛和与血管疾病有关的头痛。
8.权利要求1的化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
9.治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物组合物:高血压、抑郁包括癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症包括广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍包括神经性厌食和神经性贪食、肥胖、化学品依赖包括酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍包括痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退、帕金森氏病包括帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍、内分泌病症包括高催乳素血症、血管痉挛包括脑脉管系统、小脑性共济失调、涉及能动性和分泌变化的胃肠道疾病、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍、慢性阵发性偏头痛和与血管疾病有关的头痛,包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐及可药用载体。
10.药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的权利要求1的化合物及可药用载体。
11.5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗哺乳动物、优选人的选自下列疾病或病症的药物中的用途:高血压、抑郁包括癌症患者的抑郁、帕金森氏病患者的抑郁、后侧心肌梗塞抑郁、亚综合征性症状性抑郁、不孕妇女的抑郁、小儿抑郁、重性抑郁、单次发作抑郁、周期性发生的抑郁、儿童滥用引起的抑郁、和产后抑郁、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖症包括广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症和单纯恐怖症、创伤后紧张综合征、回避型人格障碍、早泄、进食障碍包括神经性厌食和神经性贪食、肥胖、化学品依赖包括酒精、可卡因、海洛因、苯巴比妥、烟碱和苯并二氮杂卓类成瘾、簇集性头痛、偏头痛、疼痛、阿耳茨海默氏症、强迫观念与行为疾病、恐慌症、记忆障碍包括痴呆、遗忘障碍和与年龄有关的认知衰退、帕金森氏病包括帕金森氏病痴呆、精神安定剂诱发的帕金森氏综合征和迟发性运动障碍、内分泌病症包括高催乳素血症、血管痉挛包括脑脉管系统、小脑性共济失调、涉及能动性和分泌变化的胃肠道疾病、精神分裂症的消极症状、经前期综合征、纤维肌痛综合征、腹部压迫性尿失禁、图雷特氏综合征、拔毛发癖、偷窃狂、男性阳痿、注意缺陷障碍、慢性阵发性偏头痛和与血管疾病有关的头痛。
12.5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制有效量的式I化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
13.药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症,其中包括:
a)可药用载体;
b)权利要求1化合物或其可药用盐;和
c)NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐;
其中活性化合物,即式I化合物和NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂,的量是该组合在所述疾病或病症的治疗中有效的量。
14.a)如上定义的式I化合物或其可药用盐;和b)NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐,在制备治疗通过抑制哺乳动物、优选人摄取5-羟色胺、多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素可以治疗的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
其中活性化合物(即式I化合物和NK-1受体拮抗剂或5HT1D受体拮抗剂)的量是该组合在所述疾病或病症的治疗中有效的量。
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