CN1155386C - 具有抗银屑病作用的指甲油 - Google Patents
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Abstract
含有至少一种糖皮质激素、至少一种生理耐受性溶剂和至少一种水不溶性成膜剂的指甲油。该指甲油适合于治疗指(趾)甲银屑病。
Description
广泛已知:银屑病可累及手指甲和脚趾甲。根据文献报道:50%以下银屑病患者除具有典型的皮肤症状以外,还有指(趾)甲的改变。手指甲的改变比脚趾甲的改变更常见,其症状按照出现的频率顺序表述如下:
小窝形成(以某种形状或不规则地位于甲体表面的点状或不规则形状的凹痕)、甲床染色、甲松离(甲体由甲床脱离)、指(趾)甲下角质增生或者甲体异常。
迄今为止,尚无具有说服力效果的治疗方法,银屑病侵及指(趾)甲的治疗方法除PUVA-光疗以外,还可应用以下4种方法:
一种系统性的治疗方法为:口服应用甲氨喋呤、维甲酸类或环孢霉素A。它需要长时间治疗,根据经验可能会导致中毒。
另一种方法为病损区内注射皮质甾类。自然这种方法很疼痛,所以病人在治疗初期还能配合,在治疗晚期则会逃避。
还有一种方法是手术去除受侵指(趾)甲,这样虽然可以获得良好的治疗结果,但是必须权衡是否值得手术,因为新生成甲体后有一周的可能复发期。
第四种方法为保护性方法,即用特异性抗银屑病活性物质如1,8,9-蒽三酚、维生素D类似物或者皮质甾类局部治疗指(趾)甲。在此人们尝试了各种各样的治疗方法。例如在一种联合治疗方法中首先用一种抗银屑病活性物质的溶剂治疗指(趾)甲,然后在夜晚敷上乳霜绷带。这种方法自然也使病人感觉不舒服和心理压抑。一方面需要每天多次用溶剂治疗指(趾)甲。另一方面受治疗的指(趾)甲夜晚必须被绷带覆盖。
其结果是:病人常常不能坚持4个月的治疗、常常会气馁和疏忽从而丧失治疗效果。此外在这种方法中影响治疗效果的还有:这些溶剂和乳霜通常可与水混合即为亲水性,因此在洗涤、盆浴和淋浴时可以由指(趾)甲表面被洗去,也即由指(趾)甲脱离,然后又必须再次重新涂敷上药。所以这种局部用药物的治疗方法没有效果,并且极不经济。
因此人们对另一种方法寄予了很大的希望,即用市面常见的含有皮质甾类的洗剂、乳霜或乳膏与市面常见的化妆用透明指甲油的50∶50混合液(US专利4,250,164)治疗受侵指(趾)甲。尽管早为已知,但是这种方法并未发现治疗的途径,因为这种物理学上并不稳定的混合液,大概因其由混合液干燥后存在的固态物质系统中的活性物质缺乏足够的生物可用性,从而不能达到满意效果。
所以多数病例尤其是严重病例的治疗仍一如既往地采用前面所描述的手术方法、或病损区内注射的方法、或联合应用溶液治疗和乳霜治疗的方法。
W0 97/34 644描述了一种局部剂型,它含有一种抗银屑病活性物质、至少一种涂布溶剂、至少一种挥发性溶剂和一种成膜剂,用以治疗指(趾)甲银屑病。这种药剂(指甲油)的缺点为:因需要一种涂布溶剂而额外增加了生产成本、并且其药理学耐受性尚有疑问、因此难以甚至于不可能获得药物许可。
本发明的目的是:制备一种含有糖皮质激素的剂型以供使用,它没有或仅仅极小程度地具有以上说明的缺点。该剂型通过糖皮质激素应能良好地渗透指(趾)甲,因此具有良好的生物可用性,并且在应用水不溶性成膜剂时亦然。
特别希望发明一种剂型,它通过糖皮质激素即使没有附加的涂布促进剂和促渗透剂仍具有良好的指(趾)甲渗透性,因而具有良好的生物可用性。
通过本发明指甲油达到了这一目的,它含有一种或多种糖皮质激素、一种生理耐受性的、优选易于挥发的溶剂或溶剂混和剂、和一种或多种水不溶性成膜剂。
具有抗银屑病作用的糖皮质激素例如有:二丙酸阿氯米松、安西奈德、双丙酸倍氯美松、Bendacort、苯甲酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、戊酸倍他米松、布地奈德、二氯甲羟喹、碘氧羟喹、丙酸氯倍他松、丁酸倍他松、地奈德、去羟米松、地塞米松、二氯松、双醋二氟松、戊酸二氟米松、醋丁二氟龙、氟扎尔特、肤轻松、氟氯奈德、氟氢缩松、戊酸二氟类松、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟可龙、氟米龙、氟奈甲松、氟泼尼定、醋酸氟甲叉龙、氟氢缩松、哈西奈德、卤米松、氢可他酯、丁酸氢化可的松、甲泼尼龙醋丙酯、糠酸毛他松、泼尼卡酯、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、巯氢可的松、醋酸曲安缩松。
糖皮质激素可以自由醇的形式也可以其酯的形式存在。
作为水不溶性的成膜剂合适的有例如以纤维素为基础的物质,如硝酸纤维素或乙基纤维素,或者生理耐受的聚合物,正如化妆品中所常见的。可提到例如聚醋酸乙烯酯和部分皂化的聚醋酸乙烯酯,由一方面醋酸乙烯酯和另一方面丙烯酸或巴豆酸或马来酸单烷酯形成的共聚物,由一方面醋酸乙烯酯和另一方面巴豆酸和新癸酸乙烯酯、或者巴豆酸和丙酸乙烯酯形成的三元共聚物,由甲基乙烯醚和马来酸单烷酯尤其是作为马来酸单丁基酯形成的共聚物,由脂肪酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸形成的共聚物,由N-乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯形成的共聚物,由丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯形成的共聚物,尤其是含有季铵基团、或含有乙酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸三甲基氨乙基酯-氯化物的聚合物、共聚物或混合物,或聚乙烯醇缩乙醛和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、烷基取代的聚-N-乙烯吡咯烷酮,链烯和马来酸酐的共聚物的烷基酯,松香和丙烯酸的转化产物以及安息香树脂。在酯类中烷基通常为短链并且通常不多于4个碳原子。
作为生理耐受溶剂考虑如化妆品中常用的烃类、卤代烃类、醇类、醚类、酮类和酯类物质,尤其是一元醇的醋酸酯如醋酸乙酯和丁酯,任选与芳香烃如甲苯和/或醇如乙醇或异丙醇混合。
已知,复合溶剂对于干燥时间、涂敷性和指甲油以及指甲油膜的其它特性具有决定性意义。溶剂系统优选由低沸点溶剂(=沸点在100℃以下的溶剂)和中沸点溶剂(=沸点在150℃以下的溶剂)最佳混合而成,任选混合少量高沸点溶剂(=沸点在200℃以下的溶剂)。
易挥发溶剂是指其沸点在80℃以下的化合物。
本发明指甲油还可以含有化妆品中常用的添加剂,如邻苯二甲酸酯或樟脑基础上的增塑剂、着色剂以及色素、珠光剂、沉积弛缓剂、氨磺酰树脂、硅酸盐、芳香化合物、羊毛脂衍生物、防晒剂如2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮、具有抗微生物作用的物质和具有溶角蛋白和/或角质增生作用的物质如亚硫酸铵、巯基乙酸的酯和盐、尿素、尿囊素、酶和水杨酸。
应用本发明指甲油治疗银屑病指(趾)甲可以获得完全痊愈,并且指(趾)甲通常还可以再生长而不变形。参考迄今不良的治疗经验,这一点是非常重要的结果。
本发明指甲油还适合于预防银屑病指(趾)甲,使指(趾)甲内有足够的活性物质贮存,以避免复发。
本发明指甲油中活性物质的含量与每一种活性物质的结构及其由指甲油膜的释放、其在指甲中的渗透性及其作用强度有关。
在本发明的指甲油中,也即在含有溶剂的应用形式中,活性物质的剂量一般为0.5至20,优选2至15重量%。医用指甲油中活性物质的最低含量,也即治疗剂量,优选为8重量%;预防用指甲油优选含有1至4重量%活性物质。
染色的指甲油例如有这样的优点,即本发明制剂适应病人追求美的心理。
指甲油的制备以通常的方式通过组合各种成份和需要时适合于该制剂进行相应的再处理。
本发明指甲油具有以下组成成份:
实施例1
丙酸氯倍他松-17 8.0%
甲基乙烯醚和单丁基马来酸酯的共聚物于异丙醇中的50%溶液 30.0%
异丙醇 31.0%
乙酸乙酯 31.0%
以上百分数剂量为重量百分数。
通过将各种不同的成份溶解于溶剂中制备指甲油。
实施例2
去羟米松 5.0%
摩尔比为1∶2∶0.2的丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸三甲基氨乙基酯-氯化物(EUDRAGITRL100) 12.0%
96%乙醇 60.0%
乙酸乙酯 13.0%
乙酸丁酯 10.0%
实施例3
二丙酸倍他米松 5.0%
乙基纤维素 11.0%
乙酸乙酯 30.0%
乙酸丁酯 34.0%
96%乙醇 20.0%
实施例4
泼尼卡酯 7.5%
聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 4.7%
硝酸纤维素 4.3%
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 0.6%
乙酸乙酯 10.0%
96%乙醇 72.9%
实施例5
哈西奈德 2.0%
甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯-1∶1共聚物 6.5%
96%乙醇 71.5%
乙酸乙酯 20.0%
本发明指甲油的作用通过牛角小片状体上的渗透试验和自愿受试者的治疗试验得以证实。牛角小片状体上的渗透试验可以测试活性物质由某种制剂的释放以及接着通过角蛋白物质的渗透性。
目前还没有含有糖皮质激素的局部用制剂用以治疗指(趾)甲银屑病,由此制剂能释放出足够剂量的活性物质、渗透入指(趾)甲并且以治疗剂量作用于其下面的基质或甲床。
作为对照实施例将
丙酸氯倍他松-17 8.0%
溶解于异丙醇 92.0%中。
A)牛角小片状体上的渗透试验
通过具时间分辩的ATR技术(时间分辨红外线衰减全反射-参见Th.M.Bayerl等;调查皮肤学杂志(J.Invest.Dermatol.)105期:291-295页,1995年)进行活性物质渗透性的测定:
在0.5mm厚的牛角小片状体上面涂敷一定面积的100μl受测制剂(受测制剂或对照实施例)。在15分钟的干燥时间后,将带有指甲油层的牛角小片状体放置于检测晶状体上和用外接的装置按压。按压压力和检测射线渗透深度的选择方法是,使IR-光谱不包括牛角小片状体的部分。吸收指甲油层的光谱48小时,测定活性物质光谱带的衰减,它是因为活性物质渗透进入角蛋白物质所引起的。
结果表明:丙酸氯倍他松-17在1660cm-1的典型光谱带在48小时的测量时间内,于本发明指甲油的透明指甲油膜中衰减至起始值的约60%,对照实施例的活性物质在溶剂蒸发干时即已几乎定量沉析出,因而再也不能用以渗透进入角蛋白物质。
此外,在所应用的牛角小片状体背面,在涂敷本发明指甲油后,还可以验证丙酸氯倍他松-17的质量,涂敷对照制剂后则不能进行验证。
尽管EP 0 226 984说明了来自固态指甲油膜的某些抗霉菌作用的羟基吡啶酮化合物的类似渗透特性,但它仍然是一项令人惊异的发明,因为未曾设想:糖皮质激素为松散性僵硬性环戊烷环多氢菲四核系统,来源于指甲油制剂干燥后存在的水不溶性固态物质系统,它具有更好的生物可用性,并且与来源于异丙醇溶剂的相比较能更好地渗透进入角蛋白物质中或通过角蛋白物质。
B)活性检测
1)本发明指甲油的抗银屑病作用特性通过2例长年患有双手拇指指甲银屑病的患者进行检测。一例经过每日应用本发明按照实施例1的指甲油治疗受侵指甲仅仅4个月即已生长出新的没有症状的甲体。
2)在另一对14例指(趾)甲银屑病患者的治疗试验中,结果表明:每周2次应用本发明按照实施例1的指甲油治疗6个月后,86%病例持续好转甚或症状完全消失。
Claims (6)
1.含有至少一种糖皮质激素、至少一种生理耐受性溶剂和至少一种水不溶性成膜剂的指甲油,其中,它所含有的活性物质总浓度为5%至15%,基于剂型的总重量。
2.按照权利要求1的指甲油,其特征为,它含有的糖皮质激素为二丙酸阿氯米松、安西奈德、双丙酸倍氯美松、Bendacort、苯甲酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、戊酸倍他米松、布地奈德、二氯甲羟喹、碘氯羟喹、丙酸氯倍他松、丁酸倍他松、地奈德、去羟米松、地塞米松、二氯松、双醋二氟松、戊酸二氟米松、醋丁二氟龙、氟扎尔特、肤轻松、氟氯奈德、氟氢缩松、戊酸二氟类松、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟可龙、氟米龙、氟奈甲松、氟泼尼定、醋酸氟甲叉龙、氟氢缩松、哈西奈德、卤米松、氢可他酯、丁酸氢化可的松、甲泼尼龙醋丙酯、糠酸毛他松、泼尼卡酯、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、巯氢可的松或醋酸曲安缩松。
3.按照权利要求1或2的指甲油,其特征为,它所含有的活性物质为丙酸氯倍他松、去羟米松、二丙酸倍他米松、泼尼卡酯或哈西奈德。
4.按照权利要求1或2的指甲油,其特征为,它所含有的非水溶性成膜剂为由甲基乙烯醚和马来酸单丁酯的共聚物;摩尔比为1∶2∶0.2的丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸三甲基氨乙基酯-氯化物;乙基纤维素;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;硝酸纤维素或甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物。
5.制备按照权利要求1的指甲油的方法,其特征为,将一种水不溶性成膜剂与一种糖皮质激素、以及任选其它的制备指甲油常用的成份相混合。
6.按照权利要求1的指甲油的应用,用于制备治疗指甲和趾甲银屑病的药物。
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DE19736112.9 | 1997-08-21 | ||
DE19736112 | 1997-08-21 |
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CN1209318A CN1209318A (zh) | 1999-03-03 |
CN1155386C true CN1155386C (zh) | 2004-06-30 |
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US (3) | US6352686B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0913154B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11130679A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100610517B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1155386C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR015933A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE227993T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU740615B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG63270B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9803756A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2245637C (zh) |
CO (1) | CO4960649A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ292344B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE59806343D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0913154T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2186952T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1018214A1 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP980458B1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP9801898A3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID20731A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL125854A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY128558A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO319391B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ331443A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL192342B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT913154E (zh) |
RO (1) | RO118174B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2210354C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG68072A1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI0913154T1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK284218B6 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199801609A3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW590776B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA51693C2 (zh) |
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