CN115530334A - 一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法,属于水产品加工领域,所述方法包括:预处理、腌渍、脱腥、冰镇、烤制、单冻和包装;再次加热即可食用。所述方法加工的秋刀鱼口感滑嫩、无腥味,且营养丰富。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产品加工领域,具体地涉及一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法。
背景技术
方便、快捷的“懒人经济”帮助预制菜迅速占领了年轻人的餐桌。京东618数据显示,2022年,95后“预制菜”成交额同比增长95.8%。目前消费者对水产加工品的需求同样向便捷化方向发展,在国内外市场调理制品已成为水产加工品的主要产品形式。开发秋刀鱼调理制品不仅能顺应人民群众食物结构的变化趋势,而且可以满足我国人民由食物平衡向营养平衡升级所需的蛋白矩阵。
秋刀鱼,又称竹刀鱼,属颌针鱼亚目、竹刀鱼科、秋刀鱼属,主要洄游在太平洋的北部温带水域中。秋刀鱼肉质肥腻,蛋白质和脂肪含量高于许多经济鱼类,其中二十碳五烯酸(EicosapentaenoicAcid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸 (Docosahexaenoic Acid,DHA)、必需氨基酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,是补充人体营养物质的理想食物来源,近年来越来越受到消费者的青睐。目前,由于秋刀鱼味道腥,因而对其资源的开发和综合利用比较有限;主要以鲜销和初级加工品为主,而深加工方面主要为秋刀鱼罐头、无骨鱼块等,远远不能满足消费者的需求,而调理制品可以满足餐饮端与家庭端便捷消费的双向需求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供了一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法,所述方法包括:预处理、腌渍、脱腥、冰镇、烤制、单冻和包装;再次加热即可食用。所述方法加工的秋刀鱼口感滑嫩、无腥味,且营养丰富。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的:
一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:冻秋刀鱼原料解冻,解冻至鱼体中心温度达到-5℃~5℃,然后将整条鱼沿腹部切开,去除内脏,并用冰水清洗干净;
(2)腌渍:将步骤(1)获得的秋刀鱼放入15%~20%盐水中腌制30~60min,腌渍结束后沥水;
(3)脱腥:将步骤(2)获得秋刀鱼放入0.1%脱腥剂(柠檬酸:壳寡糖=1:0.5) 中浸泡15~30min,脱腥期间持续通入氮气,此步骤为秋刀鱼预制菜产品风味形成至关重要的步骤;所述0.1%脱腥剂中柠檬酸与壳寡糖的质量比为1:0.5的水溶液;
(3)冰镇:将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼冰镇2~5min;
(4)烤制:烤机预热,将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼摆在烤网上,然后放入烤机烤制,烤机温度220℃~240℃,烤制至产品中心温度75℃~80℃;
(5)涂抹酱料:将酱料涂抹在烤制后的秋刀鱼上,并置于10℃以下环境中进行冷却;
(6)单冻:将步骤(5)获得的秋刀鱼冷却至室温,然后放入-35℃以下单冻机速冻;
(7)包装:对步骤(6)获得的秋刀鱼进行真空包装,即获得秋刀鱼预制菜产品。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的原料解冻包括空气解冻、水解冻或者两者相结合的方式。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:
氧化三甲胺广泛分布于海产动物组织中的含氮成分,水产动物死后,氧化三甲胺会被细菌的氧化三甲胺还原酶还原而生成三甲胺,腥味主要来源是三甲胺,从而导致产生鱼腥味。本发明中脱腥剂能与氧化三甲胺反应生成醛和酰胺,从而抑制氧化三甲胺转化为三甲胺,从根本上阻断了主要腥味物质三甲胺的产生,因此加工的秋刀鱼调理制品无腥味。
用本发明方法加工而成的秋刀鱼调理制品口感滑嫩、有烧烤香味、脂肪味,无腥味。本发明的应用可以从根本上解决秋刀鱼产品腥味重的问题,且本发明加工的产品加热后即可食用,有方便快捷的优势。
附图说明
图1为秋刀鱼肉脱腥前后GC-IMS图谱:行代表一种挥发性化合物。每列代表一个样本。每组3平行,颜色深度表示挥发性化合物的浓度,其中“M”表示单体,“D”表示二聚体。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来对本发明的技术方案做进一步解释,但本发明的保护范围不受实施例任何形式上的限制。
0.1%脱腥剂的制备方法为将柠檬酸配成水溶液,然后按质量比(0.5:1)缓慢加入壳寡糖(特定单一二聚糖),边加入边搅拌,直至壳寡糖完全溶解,其中柠檬酸和壳寡糖在溶液中的质量比为0.1%。
实施例1:
(1)预处理:冻秋刀鱼原料空气解冻的方式解冻,解冻至鱼体中心温度达到0℃,然后将整条鱼沿腹部切开,去除内脏,并用冰水清洗干净。
(2)腌渍:将步骤(1)获得的秋刀鱼放入15%盐水中腌制60min,腌渍结束后沥水。
(2)脱腥:将步骤(2)获得秋刀鱼放入0.1%脱腥剂(柠檬酸:壳寡糖=1:0.5) 中浸泡15min,脱腥期间持续通入氮气,此步骤为秋刀鱼预制菜产品风味形成至关重要的步骤。
(3)冰镇:将步骤(2)获得的秋刀鱼冰镇2min。
(4)烤制:烤机预热,将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼摆在烤网上,然后放入烤机烤制,烤机温度230℃,烤制至产品中心温度75℃时,停止烤制。
(5)涂抹酱料:根据需要配制酱料并均匀涂抹在烤制后的秋刀鱼上,并置于10℃以下环境中进行冷却。
(6)单冻:将步骤(5)获得的秋刀鱼冷却至室温,然后放入-35℃以下单冻机速冻。
(7)包装:对步骤(6)获得的秋刀鱼进行真空包装,即获得秋刀鱼预制菜产品。
实施例2:
(1)预处理:冻秋刀鱼原料水解冻的方式解冻,解冻至鱼体中心温度达到 -5℃,然后将整条鱼沿腹部切开,去除内脏,并用冰水清洗干净。
(2)腌渍:将步骤(1)获得的秋刀鱼放入20%盐水中腌制40min,腌渍结束后沥水。
(2)脱腥:将步骤(2)获得秋刀鱼放入0.1%脱腥剂(柠檬酸:壳寡糖=1:0.5) 中浸泡30min,脱腥期间持续通入氮气,此步骤为秋刀鱼预制菜产品风味形成至关重要的步骤。
(3)冰镇:将步骤(2)获得的秋刀鱼冰镇5min。
(4)烤制:烤机预热,将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼摆在烤网上,然后放入烤机烤制,烤机温度220℃,烤制至产品中心温度80℃时,停止烤制。
(5)涂抹酱料:根据需要配制酱料并均匀涂抹在烤制后的秋刀鱼上,并置于10℃以下环境中进行冷却。
(6)单冻:将步骤(5)获得的秋刀鱼冷却至室温,然后放入-35℃以下单冻机速冻。
(7)包装:对步骤(6)获得的秋刀鱼进行真空包装,即获得秋刀鱼预制菜产品。
实施例3
对实施例1中经过脱腥步骤的秋刀鱼做气相离子迁移谱GC-IMS分析,实验结果如表1所示。
表1秋刀鱼肉挥发性物质组成
通过与GC×IMS库比较可知,秋刀鱼肉中共检出28种挥发性风味物质,其中10种醛类,5种醇类,4种酮类和6种酯类等。
采用GalleryPlot软件将每个化合物在不同样品中的信号峰排列在一起得到指纹图谱(图1),由于高浓度单体离子和中性分子可能会在漂移区形成二聚体形式,因此单一化合物可能会产生多种信号,即同一化合物的单聚体和二聚体。由图1可以清晰地看出挥发性化合物在秋刀鱼中的分布情况,脱腥后鱼肉的整体腥味减弱。
醛类物质阈值较低,主要由不饱和脂肪酸氧化产生,对水产品风味贡献较大。丁醛、戊醛(鱼腥味、青草味),庚醛、辛醛这些饱和直链醛,通常呈现出青草味和鱼腥味。3-甲基丁醛被认为是鱼露的特征风味化合物,其对鱼肉的总体风味有重要贡献。
醇类物质大多数由脂质氧化分解而来,一般饱和醇类物质的阈值很高,对气味的不显著;而不饱和醇则有较低的阈值;一般具有泥土味和植物芳香,对鱼肉的整体风味有一定的贡献。1-戊烯-3-醇在许多鱼肉中也有报道,具有泥土味。
脱腥处理后醛类、醇类的相对含量大幅度下降,从而使得脱腥后鱼肉的整体腥味减弱。
Claims (2)
1.一种秋刀鱼调理制品的加工方法,其特征在于,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:冻秋刀鱼原料解冻,解冻至鱼体中心温度达到-5℃~5℃,然后将整条鱼沿腹部切开,去除内脏,并用冰水清洗干净;
(2)腌渍:将步骤(1)获得的秋刀鱼放入15%~20%盐水中腌制30~60min,腌渍结束后沥水;
(3)脱腥:将步骤(2)获得秋刀鱼放入0.1%脱腥剂中浸泡15~30min,脱腥期间持续通入氮气,此步骤为秋刀鱼预制菜产品风味形成至关重要的步骤;所述0.1%脱腥剂为含有柠檬酸与壳寡糖的质量比1:0.5的水溶液;
(3)冰镇:将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼冰镇2~5min;
(4)烤制:烤机预热,将步骤(3)获得的秋刀鱼摆在烤网上,然后放入烤机烤制,烤机温度220℃~240℃,烤制至产品中心温度75℃~80℃;
(5)涂抹酱料:将酱料涂抹在烤制后的秋刀鱼上,并置于10℃以下环境中进行冷却;
(6)单冻:将步骤(5)获得的秋刀鱼冷却至室温,然后放入-35℃以下单冻机速冻;
(7)包装:对步骤(6)获得的秋刀鱼进行真空包装,即获得秋刀鱼预制菜产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的的原料解冻包括空气解冻、水解冻或者两者相结合的方式。
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