CN115399200A - Saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method and cultivation container thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method and cultivation container thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115399200A CN115399200A CN202211166584.0A CN202211166584A CN115399200A CN 115399200 A CN115399200 A CN 115399200A CN 202211166584 A CN202211166584 A CN 202211166584A CN 115399200 A CN115399200 A CN 115399200A
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 74
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
A saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method comprises the following steps: measuring the thickness a of a saline-alkali layer of the saline-alkali soil; digging a planting hole formed on the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth b of the planting hole is larger than the thickness a of the saline-alkali surface layer; putting a cultivation container into the planting hole, wherein the height of the top of the cultivation container, which is higher than the surface layer of the saline alkali, is c, so that the external saline alkali soil is prevented from entering the planting hole; step four, the cultivation medium is filled in the cultivation container, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in contact with the salt-free soil in a fitting manner; step five, in arid areas, a drip irrigation head is inserted into each cultivation container for irrigation and topdressing; step six, planting crop seeds or seedlings into a culture medium for maintenance and planting; and step seven, selecting different positions, repeating the operation from the step one to the step six every year, and gradually improving the soil quality of the saline-alkali soil through the culture medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method.
Background
At present, saline-alkali soil is one of the most representative non-cultivated land in the world, salt layers of the saline-alkali soil are formed by evaporating underground water for a long time, although most of the salt layers are only one to twenty centimeters thick, the salt layers block plant growth under the traditional cultivation condition, and the saline-alkali soil is not suitable for agricultural cultivation. At present, in the agricultural development of saline-alkali soil, rice and other plants with relative saline-alkali tolerance are mostly utilized, underground water is pumped out for flood irrigation and flushing to reduce the salt concentration, and the method needs a large amount of sewage, consumes a large amount of energy and has limited benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method, which is used for isolating an exogenous cultivation substrate from surface salt of a saline-alkali soil, and has the advantages of low water and energy consumption and high benefit.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method comprises the following steps:
measuring the thickness a of a saline-alkali layer of the saline-alkali soil;
digging a planting hole formed on the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth b of the planting hole is larger than the thickness a of the saline-alkali surface layer;
placing a cultivation container in the planting hole, wherein the height of the top of the cultivation container higher than the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is c, so that the external saline-alkali soil is prevented from entering a planting area;
step four, the cultivation medium is filled in the cultivation container, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in contact with the salt-free soil in a fitting manner;
and step five, inserting a drip irrigation head into each cultivation container in the arid area for irrigation and topdressing.
Step six, planting crop seeds or seedlings into a culture medium for maintenance and planting;
and step seven, selecting different positions, repeating the operation from the step one to the step six every year, and gradually improving the soil quality of the saline-alkali soil through the culture medium.
For further improvement, according to different crops, the planting holes are cultivation holes with the depth b of 35-55 cm, the diameter of 35-55 cm and flat hole bottoms, the cultivation holes are distributed in multiple rows, the distance between the cultivation holes in the same row is 0.5-3 m, the distance between the cultivation holes in the left row and the right row is 1-5 m, the cultivation holes in the two rows are staggered, the cultivation holes are large, salt layers with salt are completely removed from the cultivation regions, the cultivation holes are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode, the illumination among the cultivated crops is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the sufficient growth and development space of the crops is guaranteed.
Further perfection, the planting hole (17) can also be a strip-shaped strip planting ditch according to the planting habit of different crops, the depth of the strip planting ditch is 35-45 cm, and the width of the strip planting ditch is 30-45 cm;
the cultivation container placed in the strip cultivation ditch can be a rectangular cultivation groove, the depth of the rectangular cultivation groove is 25-35 cm, the width of the rectangular cultivation groove is 20-35 cm, the length of the rectangular cultivation groove is not limited, and a small hole is formed in the bottom of the cultivation groove so as to facilitate the downward growth of a plant root system.
Further perfection, in the area with rare rainwater, for some crops such as corn with undeveloped root systems, the cultivation container can also be provided with isolation plates arranged at two sides of the strip cultivation ditch, the isolation plates play a role of isolating salt layers and standardizing cultivation matrixes, the height of each isolation plate is 25-35 cm, the isolation plates are taken as walls, the two isolation plates form a bottomless cultivation groove, the depth of the cultivation groove is 35-45 cm, the width of the cultivation groove is 30-45 cm, the length of the cultivation groove is unlimited, the bottom of the cultivation groove is not arranged, and the cultivation matrixes are directly contacted with salt-free soil.
The isolation plate comprises a salt-alkali layer isolation part, a surface layer isolation part connected above the salt-alkali layer isolation part, a bottom layer isolation part connected below the salt-alkali layer isolation part, an outward convex barrier strip is arranged between the bottom layer isolation part and the salt-alkali layer isolation part, a row of puncture parts convenient to penetrate are arranged at the bottom end of the bottom layer isolation part, the isolation plate consists of three parts, the salt-alkali layer isolation part and the surface layer isolation part are made of corrosion-resistant materials and waterproof materials, the isolation plate is prevented from being corroded by a salt layer of an outer saline-alkali soil, water with higher salinity in the outer salt layer part is diffused into a culture medium, and the puncture parts are arranged, so that the isolation plate can be inserted into a planting area to be quickly fixed, and the isolation plate can be quickly positioned;
further perfect, the puncture portion upper end is equipped with the bracing piece, open bottom isolation and saline and alkaline layer isolation inboard has the sliding tray that is located the bracing piece outside, open the inboard locating hole that has the even setting of a plurality of top layer isolation, the bottom isolation, saline and alkaline layer isolation and top layer isolation set gradually in the bracing piece outside from up, be equipped with the bracing piece, saline and alkaline layer isolation, bottom isolation and top layer isolation swing joint are in the bracing piece outside, be convenient for change the saline and alkaline layer isolation of selecting corresponding height in the saline and alkaline land of different salt layer thickness, bottom isolation and top layer isolation, better adaptation local soil environment.
Further perfect, saline-alkali layer isolation portion lower extreme is opened there is the channel groove, stop strip sliding connection in the channel groove, stop the strip right-hand member and be equipped with the spacing portion of joint in the channel groove outside, spacing portion upper end is equipped with the direction inclined plane of following the inside downward sloping gradually, top layer isolation portion lower extreme is equipped with the extrusion portion that will stop the strip outside extrusion through the direction inclined plane, stop the strip and press down the direction inclined plane and then outwards slide and extrude through the extrusion portion, and then will stop the strip and insert the planting district in the outside and fix when top layer isolation portion installation, and then realize the ascending fixed and location of division board vertical side.
Further perfection, when the planted crops are planted in a hole planting mode, the cultivation container is a plastic container with an opening at the bottom.
Further perfecting, the cultivation container can also be a substrate bag for wrapping the cultivation substrate, and the substrate bag is made of a plastic film.
The improved structure is further improved, the front end of the isolation plate is provided with a clamping groove, and the rear end of the isolation plate is provided with a fixing edge which can be clamped into the clamping groove, so that the isolation plate can be connected end to form a square fence structure, and planting of different crops is facilitated.
The cultivation medium is further improved, the cultivation medium is formed by artificially preparing crop straws and livestock and poultry manure and mixing and fermenting, namely is processed into a medium for agricultural planting by means of biotransformation, and the cultivation medium is prepared professionally according to different crops.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the cultivation container to carry out hole-shaped or strip-shaped planting, isolates the exogenous cultivation substrate from the surface salt of the saline-alkali land, and irrigates by utilizing natural rainfall or underground water drip irrigation; (1) By digging out the saline-alkali soil with a small area for planting in isolated areas, the input amount of the culture medium is effectively reduced, and the input cost is reduced; (2) Compared with the current flat cultivation, the method has the advantages that the required planting area is small, the water evaporation surface is reduced, and the water consumption is reduced to the minimum; (3) Weeding is not needed to be carried out on other saline-alkali land areas outside the planting holes or the ditches, and the weeds are also reduced to the minimum; (4) The culture medium contains a large amount of nutrients, so that the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the salinization of the land is reduced; (5) The cultivation containers are placed at different positions every year or every other year for cultivation, which is equivalent to increasing soil organic matters and soil microbial activity regularly and is equivalent to gradually improving soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a cultivation tank composed of partition boards;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the isolation plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the puncture section;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a plastic container;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of cultivation holes in hole cultivation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation of the cultivation container in strip planting;
fig. 8 is a diagram showing a position distribution of the plastic container in the pocket loading.
Description of reference numerals: 1. saline and alkaline layer isolation portion, 2, top layer isolation portion, 3, bottom isolation portion, 4, stop the strip, 5, puncture portion, 6, bracing piece, 7, sliding tray, 8, locating hole, 9, channel groove, 10, spacing portion, 11, direction inclined plane, 12, extrusion portion, 13, plastic container, 14, division board, 15, draw-in groove, 16, fixed limit, 17, cultivation cave, 18, strip cultivation ditch.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
Carrying out watermelon hole planting in the saline-alkali soil:
1. seedling culture: culturing watermelon seedlings in a nutrition pot, and transplanting the seedlings with the height of 10-20 cm;
2. measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer to be 20 cm;
3. digging holes: digging cultivation holes 17 by using an agricultural implement or a small digging machine, wherein the hole depth b is 45 cm, the diameter is 45 cm, the hole bottoms are relatively flat, the number of the cultivation holes 17 per mu is 80, the holes are distributed in multiple rows, the distance between the cultivation holes 17 in the same row is 2 meters, the left row and the right row are spaced by 4 meters, and the holes in the two rows are staggered with each other, so that the adjacent four holes are prismatic and are distributed in a prismatic net shape;
4. a cultivation container: a plastic container with a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 35 cm and an opening at the bottom can be selected;
5. the following substrates: each plastic container is filled with 15 kilograms of culture medium and placed in the dug culture hole 17, the bottom of the plastic container is filled with the culture medium, so that the plastic container is 5 centimeters higher than the ground, and the periphery of the plastic container is fixed by pressing soil;
6. sowing: planting the seedling in container matrix or directly seeding with 3-4 plants in each hole;
7. and (5) maintenance: and (5) installing and starting drip irrigation and irrigating according to the seedling conditions.
Example 2
Carrying out corn strip planting in the saline-alkali soil:
1. seedling culture: culturing seedlings in a corn nutrition pot, and transplanting the seedlings with the height of 10-15 cm;
2. measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer to be 15 cm;
3. digging strips: digging square strip planting ditches 18 by using farm tools or small machines, wherein the depth b of each square strip planting ditch is 35 cm, the width of each square strip planting ditch is 30 cm, the ditch bottom is required to be relatively flat, and the strip distance is 70-80 cm;
4. a cultivation container: rectangular cultivation grooves with openings at the bottoms of the cultivation grooves and the width of 25 cm can be selected or two isolation plates 14 with the height of 25 cm are used for forming bottomless cultivation grooves;
5. the following substrates: placing the rectangular cultivation grooves or isolation plates 14 into the strip cultivation ditches, filling soil below the rectangular cultivation grooves or isolation plates 14 to enable the rectangular cultivation grooves or isolation plates 14 to be arranged higher than the ground, filling cultivation substrates into each rectangular cultivation groove or two isolation plates 14, and pressing the peripheries of the rectangular cultivation grooves or isolation plates 14 with soil;
6. sowing: planting the seedlings into a matrix between rectangular cultivation grooves or isolation plates 14 or directly sowing seeds, wherein the plant spacing is 30 cm;
7. and (5) maintenance: and (5) installing and starting drip irrigation and irrigating according to seedling conditions.
For the saline-alkali layer with depth exceeding the specification of the cultivation container, the depth of the container needs to be correspondingly increased.
Example 3
And (3) jujube tree substrate cultivation in saline-alkali soil:
1. seedling culture: raising seedlings in a greenhouse, and transplanting the seedlings after the seedlings are 20 cm high;
2. measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer to be 15 cm;
3. digging holes: digging cultivation holes 17 with a farm tool or a small digging machine, wherein the depth b of each hole is 45 cm, the diameter of each hole is 40 cm, the bottom of each hole is relatively flat, the row spacing is 4 meters, and the plant spacing is 3 meters;
4. matrix coating: the jujube tree is suitable for a cylindrical substrate bag, is 40 cm high and 40 cm in diameter, is made of polyvinyl chloride film or other plastic materials, and is packaged with 15 kg of culture substrate before cultivation, and the substrate bag is closed before cultivation;
5. the matrix is adopted: the jujube tree special substrate with high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents;
6. cultivation operation: filling part of the culture medium in the culture holes 17, and placing the medium bags in the dug culture holes 17 to enable the medium bags to be arranged higher than the ground so as to reduce the influence of surface salt; before embedding, the bottom of the matrix bag is provided with a small hole with the diameter of 5 cm, so that drip irrigation and drainage are facilitated, and the roots of the plants can be inserted into low-salt mud below the plant; during cultivation, cutting the top of the substrate bag, and planting 1 seedling with the jujube into the bag; inserting a dropper head into each bag;
7. and (3) maintenance: watering or installing and starting a drip irrigation system according to the growth condition; it should be noted that in arid areas, drip irrigation is the main reason, and in order to reduce evaporation, the upper part of the substrate bag is not opened; in non-arid areas, the upper part of the substrate bag can be opened to receive rainwater, but the substrate bag is higher than the ground to prevent the salt water from splashing into the substrate bag in rainy days;
8. the cultivation and picking management are carried out according to the conventional operation, and the jujube trees are perennial crops, and the drip irrigation bacterium increasing liquid can be used as additional fertilizer for the seedlings, particularly in the fruiting period.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method comprises the following steps:
measuring the thickness a of a saline-alkali layer of the saline-alkali soil;
digging a planting hole formed on the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth b of the planting hole is larger than the thickness a of the saline-alkali surface layer;
placing a cultivation container in the planting hole, wherein the height of the top of the cultivation container higher than the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is c, so that the external saline-alkali soil is prevented from entering a planting area;
step four, the cultivation medium is filled in the cultivation container, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in contact with the salt-free soil in a fitting manner;
step five, in arid areas, a drip irrigation head is inserted into each cultivation container for irrigation and topdressing;
step six, planting crop seeds or seedlings into a culture medium for maintenance and planting;
and step seven, selecting different positions, repeating the operation from the step one to the step six every year, and gradually improving the soil quality of the saline-alkali soil through the culture medium.
2. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting holes are cultivation holes (17) with the depth b of 35-55 cm, the diameter of 35-55 cm and flat hole bottoms, the cultivation holes (17) are distributed in multiple rows, the distance between the cultivation holes (17) in the same row is 0.5-3 m, the distance between the left row and the right row is 1-5 m, and the cultivation holes (17) in the two rows are staggered.
3. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting hole (17) can also be a strip planting ditch (18), and the depth of the strip planting ditch (18) is 35-45 cm, and the width is 30-45 cm.
4. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the cultivation container can be a separation plate (14) arranged at two sides of the strip cultivation ditch (18), the height of the separation plate (14) is 25-35 cm, the separation plate (14) is used as a wall, two separation plates (14) form a bottomless cultivation groove, the depth of the cultivation groove is 35-45 cm, and the width of the cultivation groove is 30-45 cm.
5. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the cultivation container can also be a rectangular cultivation groove which is placed on the inner side of the strip cultivation ditch (18), the depth of the rectangular cultivation groove is 25-35 cm, the width of the rectangular cultivation groove is 20-35 cm, the bottom of the rectangular cultivation groove is provided with a small hole which is beneficial to the downward growth of a plant root system, and the diameter of the small hole is 4-6 cm.
6. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: division board (14) include saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1), connect top layer isolation part (2) in saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1) top, connect in bottom layer isolation part (3) of saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1) below, be equipped with outside bellied strip (4) that blocks between bottom layer isolation part (3) and saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1), the bottom of bottom layer isolation part (3) is equipped with one row of puncture portion (5) of being convenient for to penetrate, puncture portion (5) upper end is equipped with bracing piece (6), bottom isolation part (3) and saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1) inboard are opened and are located bracing piece (6) outer sliding tray (7), top layer isolation part (2) inboard is opened locating hole (8) that have a plurality of even setting, bottom layer isolation part (3), saline and alkaline layer isolation part (1) and top layer isolation part (2) are from up setting gradually in the bracing piece (6) outside down.
7. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: saline-alkali layer isolation portion (1) lower extreme is opened there is channel groove (9), block strip (4) sliding connection in channel groove (9), block strip (4) right-hand member and be equipped with spacing portion (10) of joint in the channel groove (9) outside, spacing portion (10) upper end is equipped with direction inclined plane (11) from outside-in downward sloping gradually, top layer isolation portion (2) lower extreme is equipped with will block extrusion portion (12) of strip (4) outside extrusion through direction inclined plane (11).
8. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the cultivation container can also be a plastic container (13) with an opening at the bottom.
9. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the culture container can also be a substrate bag wrapping the culture substrate, and the substrate bag is made of a plastic film.
10. The saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method as claimed in claim 4 or 6, which is characterized in that: the front end of the isolation plate (14) is provided with a clamping groove (15), and the rear end of the isolation plate (14) is provided with a fixing edge (16) which can be clamped into the clamping groove.
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| CN202211166584.0A CN115399200A (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method and cultivation container thereof |
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| CN202211166584.0A CN115399200A (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Saline-alkali soil crop salt-avoiding cultivation method and cultivation container thereof |
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| CN104969830A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-14 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Poorest saline-alkali soil simple drain salt elimination forestation technique |
| CN204888134U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 天津市泰洲盐碱地绿化工程有限公司 | Planting device for saline soil reclamation |
| CN205830615U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-12-28 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | A kind of every salt ring and there is the planting unit every salt ring |
| CN206227125U (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated planting unit of salt-soda soil arbor |
| CN110301304A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil plantation awns genus plant |
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2022
- 2022-09-23 CN CN202211166584.0A patent/CN115399200A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104969830A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-14 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Poorest saline-alkali soil simple drain salt elimination forestation technique |
| CN204888134U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 天津市泰洲盐碱地绿化工程有限公司 | Planting device for saline soil reclamation |
| CN205830615U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-12-28 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | A kind of every salt ring and there is the planting unit every salt ring |
| CN206227125U (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated planting unit of salt-soda soil arbor |
| CN110301304A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil plantation awns genus plant |
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