CN107027586A - A kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management - Google Patents
A kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management Download PDFInfo
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- CN107027586A CN107027586A CN201611067681.9A CN201611067681A CN107027586A CN 107027586 A CN107027586 A CN 107027586A CN 201611067681 A CN201611067681 A CN 201611067681A CN 107027586 A CN107027586 A CN 107027586A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, belong to planting technology field.The grape planting process, comprises the following steps：Addressing, soil finishing is transplanted and managed.The present invention by plantation pre-buried fertilizer lead and apply pipe, led in fertilizer and apply tube top portion and open up multiple charge doors, fertilizer, which is led, applies pipe side wall connecting branch and baffle plate, and in fertilizing, watering, fertilizer is dissolved in water, pour into fertilizer and lead and apply in pipe, fertilizer solution flows along conveying pipeline, flows out and fertilizer solution is sent in the soil near grape root along baffle plate, the absorption beneficial to grape root to nutriment via branch pipe, fertilising process simple and fast, effectively reduces the labour of waste and the fertilising of fertilizer.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management.
【Background technology】
Grape fruit is sweet, nutritious, grape growth strong adaptability, is cultivated extensively, and grape is a kind of perennial plant
Thing, needs repeatedly to be applied fertilizer, topdressed and watered every year in planting process, expends substantial amounts of man power and material, and manually apply
Spill fertilizer and easily cause fertilizer skewness, cause vine and its fruit size uneven, influence quality.
, it is necessary to vineyard topdress, apply fertilizer and repeatedly pour for 4-5 times after the annual growth course of grape and harvesting
Water, fertilizing method for grape, which is generally divided into full garden, to be applied to spill and applies to spill fertilizer and be mainly and directly apply fertilizer and be sprinkled upon with two kinds of ditch spread, full garden
Soil surface, easily causes weed growth and nitrogenous fertilizer gasification is lost in, and causes fertilizer to waste, while european grape root easily floats, is unfavorable for
The growth of grape.Ditch spread is that a width of 40-50 is dug in grape both sides, and depth is 20-30 centimetres of ditch, and fertilizer is filled in ditch, applied
Fertile process needs ditching, backfills soil, expends substantial amounts of manpower and time, and easily european grape root is damaged, in order to save
Manpower typically uses the fertilizing method of interlacing ditching, so also easily causes root growth unstable.
【The content of the invention】
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of grape kind for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management
Fertilizer fast and effectively can be transported near grape root by plant method, the implantation methods, the absorption beneficial to grape to fertilizer,
Fertilizer loss is reduced, labour cost is reduced, prevents grape root from being floated to soil surface, vintage is improved.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：A kind of grape for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management
Implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
(1) addressing：The sunny and draughty level land of selection, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous gravel matter or sandy earth
Soil, soil pH is 6-8 and 5-10 did not planted grape；
(2) soil is repaired, applied fertilizer to the subsoil：In autumn and winter, soil is sprayed insecticide, after 10-30 days, applies and spills decomposed manure
4.8-7.2 tons/mu, scarifying soil breaks bulk soil block into pieces, ploughs deeply to 30-60 centimetres of soil layer；In month in coming year 3-4, impose
The nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer of 0.20-0.25 tons/mu, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer the weight ratio are 2-3:1-2；Filled out every 1-1.2 meters of line-spacings
Bury fertilizer and lead and apply pipe, level land；The fertilizer, which leads to apply, charge door at the top of pipe, fertilizer, which is led, to be applied the two ends of pipe and have lid, is filled out
Bury fertilizer and lead Shi Guanshi, charge door is concordant or above ground level with ground；
(3) transplant：The medium position applied between pipe being led in two root fertilizer material in 3-4 months and opening a width of 40-50 centimetres, depth is
20-30 centimetres of ditch, is applied by the consumption of 0.015-0.05 tons/mu in ditch and spills decomposed manure, and it is 60- that grape seedlingses are pressed into spacing in the rows
80 centimetres of distance is moved into ditch, is backfilled soil, is led to fertilizer and apply the pouring that added water in pipe；
(4) manage：Including water and fertilizer management, grape seedlingses management and pest management；
The water and fertilizer management includes fertilising, topdresses and water；When applying fertilizer and topdressing, fertilizer is dissolved in 300-800 weight
Times water in be made after fertilizer solution, fertilizer solution or water are led to apply in pipe by injecting fertilizer and poured.
The fertilizer lead apply pipe including conveying pipeline, be distributed on the wall of conveying pipeline side branch pipe, at the top of conveying pipeline plus
Material mouth and the baffle plate being symmetricly set on the wall of conveying pipeline side；The branch pipe is located at the altitude range of 1/4-3/4 on the wall of conveying pipeline side
Interior, the outlet port of the branch pipe is less than the entry position of branch pipe, and the baffle plate is located at the outer layer of branch pipe；The conveying pipeline two ends
It is additionally provided with lid.
The diameter of the conveying pipeline is 30-40 centimetres, and the diameter of the branch pipe is 8-10 centimetres.
The water and fertilizer management is：Transplant after 2 week to being topdressed every 10-15 days progress first stage at the beginning of 5 months, fertilizer bag
Include 0.6-1.6 tons/mu of decomposed manure and nitrogenous fertilizer it is common 0.05-0.1 tons/mu；Late May young fruit expanding stage carries out second stage and chased after
Fertilizer, fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer totally 0.2 ton/mu, and the weight ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 3-5:2-3:1-
2；At the beginning of late June to 7 months every 10-15 days carry out the phase III topdress, fertilizer include phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer it is common 0.1-0.2 tons/mu,
The weight ratio of the phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 3-2:1-2, while applying ton/mu of borax 0.05 that mass concentration is 3%；Autumn fruit
Applied fertilizer after harvesting, fertilizer includes 2.4-3.6 tons/mu of decomposed manure, while applying nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer 0.1-0.3
Ton/mu, the weight ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 3-5:2-3:1-2.
The grape seedlingses are managed：After grape seedlingses germination, retain 3-4 close to the strong full bud bag of base portion, remaining is smeared
Remove；Treat that bud bag grows up to 20-50 centimetres of branch, select most strong branch to do trunk, remaining is removed, while support is set up, by Portugal
Grape seedling, which draws, to be tied up on support；When trunk grows to 70-80 centimetres, the terminal bud of trunk is extractd, it is during which multiple to the young sprout on trunk
Go to top；It is calmly dry to pluck behind top, the weak tip is removed in time, and lateral bud of erasing wipes out unnecessary blade and tendril.
Preferably, the agricultural chemicals in the step (2) includes bactericide, insecticide and herbicide, and the bactericide is many bacterium
Spirit, Bravo, first support or Cosan；The insecticide is metrifonate pulvis or chlopyrifos；The herbicide is paraquat, grass is sweet
Phosphine, cover grass energy, Acetochlor or Quizalotop-ethyl.
The fertilizer includes material more than one or both of decomposed manure, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and borax；
The decomposed manure is that fowl and animal excrement, night soil and fermentation of plant straws after crushed are prepared from；The nitrogenous fertilizer is nitre
Sour ammonium and/or urea, the phosphate fertilizer are calcium superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
The present invention fertilizer lead apply pipe effect it is as follows：Fertilizer solution is led Shi Guanzhong in fertilizer and flowed along conveying pipeline, via
Branch pipe is flowed out, and fertilizer solution is flowed on baffle plate, is flowed to and is absorbed in the soil near grape root by grape along baffle plate.
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is by the way that fertilizer is led
Apply pipe landfill and led in soil, during fertilising by fertilizer and apply pipe fertilizer solution is transported to below ground close to the attached soil in grape root
Earth, absorption and utilization beneficial to grape to fertilizer, apply fertilizer process simple and fast, effectively reduces the work of waste and the fertilising of fertilizer
Power, improves yield.
【Brief description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is that fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention leads the structural representation for applying pipe；
Fig. 2 is that fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention leads the front view for applying pipe.
In figure：1 conveying pipeline, 2 branch pipes, 3 charge doors, 4 baffle plates, 5 lids.
【Embodiment】
Technical scheme is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and the drawings.
Embodiment 1
A kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, comprises the following steps：
(1) addressing：The sunny and draughty level land of selection, soil layer is deep, soil property is gravelly loam, and soil pH is
Grape was not planted within 6 and 5 years；
(2) soil is repaired, applied fertilizer to the subsoil：In autumn and winter, carbendazim, metrifonate pulvis and paraquat, 10 are sprayed to soil
After it, apply and spill after fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw mixing after crushed, ferment the decomposed manure that is prepared from
4.8 tons/mu, scarifying soil breaks bulk soil block into pieces, ploughs deeply to 30 centimetres of soil layer；In March in the coming year, it is 2 to impose weight ratio:1
Ammonium nitrate and ton/mu of potassium sulfate 0.25, two ends are led provided with the fertilizer of lid 5, top provided with charge door 3 and apply pipe by 1.2 meters
Line-spacing is filled in soil, is made charge door 3 concordant with ground, is leveled land；
(3) transplant：The medium position applied between pipe being led in two root fertilizer material in 3-4 months and opening a width of 40 centimetres, depth is 20 lis
The ditch of rice, is applied by the consumption of 0.015 ton/mu in ditch and spilt by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw mixing after crushed
Afterwards, fermented the decomposed manure being prepared from, and grape seedlingses are moved into ditch by spacing in the rows for 80 centimetres of distance, soil is backfilled, to
Fertilizer, which is led, applies the pouring that added water in pipe；
(4) manage：Including water and fertilizer management, grape seedlingses management and pest management；
Water and fertilizer management：After 2 week of grape transplantation of seedlings at the beginning of 5 months every 10 days, will be by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and through powder
After straw mixing after broken, the decomposed manure being prepared from that ferments is 1 by consumption and the weight ratio of 1.6 tons/mu:1
Ammonium nitrate and urea are dissolved in by the consumption of 0.1 ton/mu in the water of 500 times of weight, and fertilizer solution is made, and fertilizer solution is passed through into charging
The injection fertilizer of mouth 3, which lead to apply in pipe, to be poured, and promotes the growth of grape seedlingses branch and leaf, is prepared beneficial to leaf using sunlight foster
Point；Late May young fruit expanding stage, is 3 by weight ratio:2:1 ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate presses the use of 0.2 ton/mu
Amount, is made fertilizer solution in the water for being dissolved in 300 times of weight, by charge door 3 fertilizer solution is injected into fertilizer leads to apply in pipe and poured
Fill, enough nutrients are provided for Fruit, beneficial to the transformation of grape pomace color；, will every 10 days at the beginning of late June to 7 months
Weight ratio is 2:1 calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate presses the consumption of 0.1 ton/mu, and mass concentration presses 0.05 ton/mu for 3% borax
Weight, fertilizer solution is made in the water for being dissolved in 300 times of weight, fertilizer solution by charge door 3 is injected into fertilizer led and apply Guan Zhongjin
Row is poured, and promotes the synthesis of sugared part in uva；After autumn fruit harvesting, by by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and after crushed
After straw mixing, ferment the consumption of the decomposed manure that is prepared from by 3.6 tons/mu, while being 3 by weight ratio:2:1
Ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate are pressed in the consumption of 0.3 ton/mu, the water for being dissolved in 800 times of weight and fertilizer solution are made, by fertilizer
Feed liquid is led to apply in pipe and poured by the injection fertilizer of charge door 3, to supplement the consumption of energy after grape harvesting, while storing foot
Enough nutrients are passed the winter, and are had a good harvest beneficial to coming year grape.
Grape seedlingses are managed：After grape seedlingses germination, retain 3-4 close to the strong full bud bag of base portion, remaining is erased；Treat bud
Bag generally grows up to 30-50 centimetres of branch, selects most strong branch to do trunk, remaining is removed, while support is set up, by grape seedlingses
Draw and tie up on support；When trunk grows to 70-80 centimetres, the terminal bud of trunk is extractd, top is during which repeatedly gone to the young sprout on trunk；
It is calmly dry to pluck behind top, the weak tip is removed in time, and lateral bud of erasing wipes out unnecessary blade and tendril.
The pest management of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is identical with conventional method.
The fertilizer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is used, which is led, applies pipe, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including conveying pipeline 1, is distributed in conveying pipeline
Branch pipe 2 on 1 side wall, the charge door 3 positioned at the top of conveying pipeline 1 and the baffle plate 4 being symmetricly set on the side wall of conveying pipeline 1；It is described
Branch pipe 2 is located on the side wall of conveying pipeline 1 in 1/4-3/4 altitude range, and the outlet port of the branch pipe 2 is less than the entrance of branch pipe 2
Position, for shunting the fertilizer solution in conveying pipeline 1, makes fertilizer solution uniform flow enter in soil；The baffle plate 4 is located at the outer of branch pipe 2
Layer, prevents the outlet of soil clogging branch pipe 2, while the outlet for avoiding the insoluble matter in fertilizer solution from being deposited in branch pipe 2 results in blockage；
The two ends of conveying pipeline 1 are additionally provided with lid 5, cover tightly lid 5 when applying fertilizer and topdressing, and prevent fertilizer solution from flowing out conveying pipeline two
End, causes to lead the grape fertilizer deficiency for applying pipe centre position positioned at fertilizer；The diameter of the conveying pipeline 1 is 30 centimetres, institute
The diameter for stating branch pipe 2 is 8 centimetres.
Embodiment 2
A kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, comprises the following steps：
(1) addressing：The sunny and draughty level land of selection, soil layer is deep, soil property is sandy loam, and soil pH is
Grape was not planted within 8 and 10 years；
(2) soil is repaired, applied fertilizer to the subsoil：In autumn and winter, Bravo, chlopyrifos and glyphosate are sprayed to soil, after 30 days,
Apply and spill after fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw mixing after crushed, ferment the decomposed manure 7.2 that is prepared from
Ton/mu, scarifying soil breaks bulk soil block into pieces, ploughs deeply to 60 centimetres of soil layer；In April in the coming year, it is 3 to impose weight ratio:2 nitre
Sour ton/mu of ammonium and potassium sulfate 0.2, two ends are led provided with the fertilizer of lid 5, top provided with charge door 3 and applies pipe and is filled out by 1 meter of line-spacing
It is embedded in soil, charge door 3 is above the ground level, level land；
(3) transplant：The medium position applied between pipe being led in two root fertilizer material in 3-4 months and opening a width of 50 centimetres, depth is 30 lis
The ditch of rice, is applied by the consumption of 0.05 ton/mu in ditch and spilt by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw mixing after crushed
Afterwards, fermented the decomposed manure being prepared from, and grape seedlingses are moved into ditch by spacing in the rows for 60 centimetres of distance, soil is backfilled, to
Fertilizer, which is led, applies the pouring that added water in pipe；
(4) manage：Including water and fertilizer management, grape seedlingses management and pest management；
Water and fertilizer management：, will be by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and warp to early May every 15 days after 2 week of grape transplantation of seedlings
After straw mixing after crushing, the decomposed manure being prepared from that ferments is by the consumption and ammonium nitrate of 0.6 ton/mu by 0.05
In the consumption of ton/mu, the water for being dissolved in 400 times of weight, fertilizer solution is made, fertilizer solution by charge door 3 is injected into fertilizer led and apply
Poured in pipe, promote the growth of grape seedlingses branch and leaf, nutrient is prepared using sunlight beneficial to leaf；Late May young fruit
Expanding stage, is 5 by weight ratio:3:2 urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate presses the consumption of 0.2 ton/mu, is dissolved in 300 times of weight
Water in fertilizer solution is made, fertilizer solution by charge door 3 injected into fertilizer lead to apply in pipe and poured, foot is provided for Fruit
Enough nutrients, beneficial to the transformation of grape pomace color；It is 3 by weight ratio every 15 days at the beginning of late June to 7 months:2 peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium and potassium sulfate press the consumption of 0.2 ton/mu, and mass concentration is that 3% borax presses the weight of 0.05 ton/mu, is dissolved in 300 weight
Times water in fertilizer solution is made, fertilizer solution by charge door 3 injected into fertilizer lead to apply in pipe and poured, promoted sugared in uva
The synthesis of part；After autumn fruit harvesting, after being mixed by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw after crushed, fermentation system
Standby decomposed manure by 2.4 tons/mu consumption, while being 5 by weight ratio:3:2 ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and sulfuric acid
Potassium is pressed in the consumption of 0.1 ton/mu, the water for being dissolved in 800 times of weight and fertilizer solution is made, and fertilizer solution is injected into fertilizer by charge door 3
Material, which leads to apply in pipe, to be poured, to supplement the consumption of energy after grape harvesting, while the enough nutrients of storage are passed the winter, beneficial to the coming year
Grape is had a good harvest.
Grape seedlingses are managed：After grape seedlingses germination, retain 3-4 close to the strong full bud bag of base portion, remaining is erased；Treat bud
Bag generally grows up to 20-40 centimetres of branch, selects most strong branch to do trunk, remaining is removed, while support is set up, by grape seedlingses
Draw and tie up on support；When trunk grows to 70-80 centimetres, the terminal bud of trunk is extractd, top is during which repeatedly gone to the young sprout on trunk；
It is calmly dry to pluck behind top, the weak tip is removed in time, and lateral bud of erasing wipes out unnecessary blade and tendril.
The pest management of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is identical with conventional method.
The fertilizer that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is used, which is led, applies pipe, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including conveying pipeline 1, is distributed in conveying pipeline
Branch pipe 2 on 1 side wall, the charge door 3 positioned at the top of conveying pipeline 1 and the baffle plate 4 being symmetricly set on the side wall of conveying pipeline 1；It is described
Branch pipe 2 is located on the side wall of conveying pipeline 1 in 1/4-3/4 altitude range, and the outlet port of the branch pipe 2 is less than the entrance of branch pipe 2
Position, for shunting the fertilizer solution in conveying pipeline 1, makes fertilizer solution uniform flow enter in soil；The baffle plate 4 is located at the outer of branch pipe 2
Layer, prevents the outlet of soil clogging branch pipe 2, while the outlet for avoiding the insoluble matter in fertilizer solution from being deposited in branch pipe 2 results in blockage；
The two ends of conveying pipeline 1 are additionally provided with lid 5, cover tightly lid 5 when applying fertilizer and topdressing, and prevent fertilizer solution from flowing out conveying pipeline two
End, causes to lead the grape fertilizer deficiency for applying pipe centre position positioned at fertilizer；The diameter of the conveying pipeline 1 is 40 centimetres, institute
The diameter for stating branch pipe 2 is 10 centimetres.
Comparative example
From unlike embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, a kind of in comparative example is easy to the wine-growing side of level land water and fertilizer management
Method, does not fill fertilizer and leads and apply pipe in soil finishing, and water and fertilizer management is applied using ditch spread and Quan Yuan and spills two ways combination：Transplant
To every 10 days, the medium position between two row grapes opened the deep of 40 centimetres wide and 40 centimetres of depths at the beginning of 5 months after 2 week
Ditch, after being mixed by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw after crushed, ferment the decomposed manure that is prepared from by
Consumption and the weight ratio of 1.6 tons/mu are 1:1 ammonium nitrate and urea presses the consumption of 0.1 ton/mu, is spilled into ditch, backfills soil,
One layer of fertilizer, one layer of soil, until after ditch is filled and led up, being watered to upper soll layer, promotes the growth of grape seedlingses branch and leaf,
Beneficial to leaf nutrient is prepared using sunlight；Late May young fruit expanding stage, is 3 by weight ratio:2:1 ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and
Potassium sulfate presses the consumption of 0.4 ton/mu, in the water for being dissolved in 300 times of weight, and fertilizer solution is made, and is sprinkled upon apart from 15 lis of grape root
The soil surface of rice, enough nutrients is provided for Fruit, beneficial to the transformation of grape pomace color；It is every at the beginning of late June to 7 months
It is 2 by weight ratio every 10 days:1 calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate is pressed by the consumption and mass concentration of 0.3 ton/mu for 3% borax
In the consumption of 0.08 ton/mu, the water for being dissolved in 300 times of weight, fertilizer solution is made, the soil apart from 15 centimetres of grape root is sprinkled upon
Surface, promotes the synthesis of sugared part in uva；After autumn fruit harvesting, the medium position between two row grapes is opened 40 centimetres wide
With the deep ditch of 40 centimetres of depths, after being mixed by fowl and animal excrement, night soil and straw after crushed, fermentation is prepared from
Decomposed manure by 3.6 tons/mu consumption and weight ratio be 3:2:1 ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate by 0.3 ton/
The consumption of mu is well mixed, and is spilled into ditch, backfills soil, one layer of fertilizer, one layer of soil, until after ditch is filled and led up, entering to soil surface
Row waters, to supplement the consumption of energy after grape harvesting, while the enough nutrients of storage are passed the winter, is had a good harvest beneficial to coming year grape.
In the present invention, when being applied fertilizer and watered using ditch spread mode in comparative example, in Statistical Comparison example and each embodiment
Manpower and the time of consumption that every mu uses, while counting the per mu yield for the grape that each embodiment and comparative example are planted out, are tied
Fruit such as table 1.
Every mu uses when table 1 applies fertilizer and watered manpower and time and every mu of vintage
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Number × time/mu (people × hour/mu) | 2×2 | 2×3 | 5×12 |
| Per mu yield/ton | 5-7 | 6-8 | 3-4 |
In comparative example, apply to spill two ways and combine with ditch spread and Quan Yuan and apply nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and during potash fertilizer, the fertilizer of consuming
Consumption, manpower and time equal Billy are led with fertilizer applies many when pipe is applied fertilizer, as seen from the results in Table 1, by being filled in soil
Fertilizer, which is led, applies pipe, greatly reduces the manpower consumed when topdressing, apply fertilizer and watering and time, and grape per mu yield adds 1 times
Left and right.
Described above is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
The equal change or modification change completed under bright patent claim, the technical spirit suggested by all present invention, all should belong to
Cover the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) addressing：The sunny and draughty level land of selection, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous gravel matter or sandy loam, soil
Earth pH is 6-8 and 5-10 did not planted grape；
(2) soil is repaired, applied fertilizer to the subsoil：In autumn and winter, soil is sprayed insecticide, after 10-30 days, applies and spills decomposed manure 4.8-
7.2 tons/mu, scarifying soil breaks bulk soil block into pieces, ploughs deeply to 30-60 centimetres of soil layer；In month in coming year 3-4, impose 0.20-
The nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer of 0.25 ton/mu, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer the weight ratio are 2-3:1-2；Fertilizer is filled every 1-1.2 meters of line-spacings
Lead and apply pipe, level land；
(3) transplant：The medium position applied between pipe being led in two root fertilizer material in 3-4 months and opening a width of 40-50 centimetres, depth is 20-30
Centimetre ditch, applied in ditch by the consumption of 0.015-0.05 tons/mu and spill decomposed manure, by grape seedlingses by spacing in the rows be 60-80 lis
The distance of rice is moved into ditch, is backfilled soil, is led to fertilizer and apply the pouring that added water in pipe；
(4) manage：Including water and fertilizer management, grape seedlingses management and pest management；
The water and fertilizer management includes fertilising, topdresses and water；When applying fertilizer and topdressing, fertilizer is dissolved in 300-800 times of weight
It is made in water after fertilizer solution, fertilizer solution or water is led to apply in pipe by injecting fertilizer and poured.
2. the grape planting process according to claim 1 for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that the fertilizer is led
Apply pipe including conveying pipeline (1), the branch pipe (2) on the wall of conveying pipeline (1) side, the charge door (3) at the top of conveying pipeline (1) and
It is symmetricly set on the baffle plate (4) on the wall of conveying pipeline (1) side；The branch pipe (2) is located at the height of 1/4-3/4 on the wall of conveying pipeline (1) side
In the range of degree, the outlet port of the branch pipe (2) is less than the entry position of branch pipe (2), and the baffle plate (4) is located at branch pipe (2)
Outer layer；Conveying pipeline (1) two ends are additionally provided with lid (5).
3. the grape planting process according to claim 2 for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that the conveying pipeline
(1) diameter is 30-40 centimetres, and the diameter of the branch pipe (2) is 8-10 centimetres.
4. the grape planting process according to claim 1 for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that the liquid manure pipe
Manage and be：Transplant after 2 week to carrying out the first stage at the beginning of 5 months every 10-15 days and topdress, fertilizer includes decomposed manure 0.6-
1.6 tons/mu and nitrogenous fertilizer it is common 0.05-0.1 tons/mu；Late May young fruit expanding stage carry out second stage topdress, fertilizer include nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer totally 0.2 ton/mu, the weight ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 3-5:2-3:1-2；At the beginning of late June to 7 months
Every 10-15 days carry out the phase III topdress, fertilizer include phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer it is common 0.1-0.2 tons/mu, the phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer
Weight ratio is 3-2:1-2, while applying ton/mu of borax 0.05 that mass concentration is 3%；Applied fertilizer after autumn fruit harvesting,
Fertilizer includes 2.4-3.6 tons/mu of decomposed manure, while apply nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.1-0.3 tons/mu of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer,
The weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 3-5:2-3:1-2.
5. the grape planting process according to claim 1 for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that the grape seedlingses
Manage and be：After grape seedlingses germination, retain 3-4 close to the strong full bud bag of base portion, remaining is erased；Treat that bud bag grows up to 20-50
Centimetre branch, choosing most strong branch does trunk, and remaining is removed, while setting up support, grape seedlingses is drawn and tied up on support；When
When trunk grows to 70-80 centimetres, the terminal bud of trunk is extractd, top is during which repeatedly gone to the young sprout on trunk；It is calmly dry to pluck behind top, in time
The weak tip is removed, lateral bud of erasing wipes out unnecessary blade and tendril.
6. the grape planting process according to claim 1 for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management, it is characterised in that the step
(2) agricultural chemicals in includes bactericide, insecticide and herbicide, and the bactericide is carbendazim, Bravo, first support or Cosan；
The insecticide is metrifonate pulvis or chlopyrifos；The herbicide is paraquat, glyphosate, cover grass energy, Acetochlor or smart quinoline
Standing grain spirit.
7. the grape planting process for being easy to level land water and fertilizer management according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that the fertilizer
Material includes material more than one or both of decomposed manure, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and borax；The decomposed manure
It is prepared from for fowl and animal excrement, night soil and fermentation of plant straws after crushed；The nitrogenous fertilizer be ammonium nitrate and/or urea,
The phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
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| CN107801545A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-16 | 镇江市丹徒区世业盛果农产品协会 | A kind of implantation methods of apple tree |
| CN109197369A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-15 | 横县生产力促进中心 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| US20210100174A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-04-08 | Shinichiro ITOI | Agricultural mat |
| CN114097524A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 黄冈市黄州区嘉裕葡萄种植专业合作社 | Sunshine rose grape planting method suitable for sandy soil |
| CN114885659A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-12 | 刘常喜 | Agricultural greenhouse fertilizer injection unit |
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