CN1153090C - 有源矩阵基板和使用它的液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

有源矩阵基板和使用它的液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1153090C
CN1153090C CNB998031593A CN99803159A CN1153090C CN 1153090 C CN1153090 C CN 1153090C CN B998031593 A CNB998031593 A CN B998031593A CN 99803159 A CN99803159 A CN 99803159A CN 1153090 C CN1153090 C CN 1153090C
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田村达彦
广濑贵司
坪井伸行
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Abstract

本发明揭示一种将有源元件和地址线矩阵状地配置在绝缘性基板上的液晶显示装置用的有源矩阵基板。用透明绝缘膜覆盖有源元件和地址线,在透明绝缘膜上形成显示用的透明电极。经过开在透明绝缘膜上的接触孔,连接显示用的透明电极与有源元件。在前述结构中,使在透明显示电极的下部形成有源元件一部分的元件绝缘膜与透明绝缘膜的折射率之差和元件绝缘膜与绝缘性基板的折射率之差在0.2以内,通过这样能形成显示质量良好的液晶显示装置。

Description

有源矩阵基板和使用它的液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及有源矩阵(active matrix)基板(下面称为AM基板)和使用它的液晶显示装置。这种AM基板被用作液晶显示装置(下面称为LCD)的基板,对每个显示象素形成有源元件。
背景技术
近年来,LCD的大型化和高清晰度化不断进展。在有源矩阵型LCD(下面称为AMLCD)中,利用每个显示象素上形成的有源元件,控制透明显示电极的电位,来显示所要的图像。
现在一般在AMLCD中,在同一平面上形成由氧化铟氧化锡固溶体(下面称为ITO)构成的透明显示电极和用于对其发送信号的地址线。但是,随着AMLCD显示的高清晰度化,在整个显示画面中地址线部分和有源元件部分所占的部分相对增大,使显示部分的有效面积降低。并且,在一般的AMLCD中,为了防止地址线与透明显示电极短路,必须在两者之间保持一定的距离。因此,随着高清晰度化的进展所产生的问题是,显示部分的有效面积降低,AMLCD的显示亮度降低。
作为解决前述问题的手段,提出一种AMLCD,是在形成地址线和有源元件后,在其上设置透明的绝缘膜,并在前述透明的绝缘膜上设置透明显示电极(下面称为改进型AMLCD)。下面,参照附图对以往的改进型AMLCD进行说明。
图1表示使用AM基板的改进型AMLCD剖视图。在图1中,使用薄膜晶体管(下面称为TFT)作为AM基板的有源元件。此外,在图1中,在由玻璃等的绝缘性基板构成的基板1上依次形成兼为扫描线的栅极2、栅极绝缘膜3、半导体膜4、兼为源极线的源极5、和漏极6。通常用氮化硅(SiNx)构成栅极绝缘膜。
在制造AMLCD时,首先,在基板1上形成对应于显示象素数的TFT和栅极线与源极线的地址线,构成矩阵状。接着,形成透明绝缘膜7将它们覆盖,此外,在透明绝缘膜7上形成透明显示电极8。在透明绝缘膜7上设置接触孔,以便直接连接漏极6与透明显示电极8。在图1中,在与AM基板相对的玻璃基板上形成相对电极9、黑底(black matrix)10、彩色滤色片11和取向膜12,并将液晶13配置在前述AM基板与相对玻璃基板之间。
前述那样的改进型AMLCD,由于将源极5与透明显示电极8形成在另外的平面上,并且在它们之间有透明绝缘膜7,所以即使源极5与透明显示电极8在平面距离上接近,双方也不会短路。此外,也能将源极5与透明显示电极8重叠。这样,因能增大透明显示电极8的面积,所以即使LCD进一步高清晰化,也能防止显示亮度的降低。此外,因用透明显示电极8覆盖源极5,所以还能排除由于源极5的电场对液晶显示的影响。通过这些改进,能明显改善改进型AMLCD的显示性能。
但是,在以往的改进型AMLCD中,是由有机材料构成液晶13,由ITO膜构成透明显示电极8,由树脂材料构成透明绝缘膜7,由SiNx构成栅极绝缘膜3等,而构成这些膜的折射率有很大的不同,如表1所示。因此存在的问题是,有在各膜的边界面上发生界面反射,光线穿透率降低,导致显示暗淡。
表1:以往的构成材料与折射率
  膜的名称   构成材料   折射率 与上面膜的折射率之差
  液晶膜   液晶材料   1.55
  透明显示电极   ITO   1.9~2.0 0.35~0.45
  透明绝缘膜   丙烯系树脂   1.5~1.6 0.3~0.5
  栅极绝缘膜   SiNx   1.9~2.0 0.2~0.5
  玻璃基板   玻璃   约1.5 0.3~0.5
在前述材料中,虽然ITO膜和SiNx用变更成膜条件多少能使折射率变化,但是在越接近作为有机材料的液晶材料13和作为树脂材料的透明绝缘膜7的折射率时,就不可能使折射率有很大变化。
此外,为了达到使表面平坦和防止透明显示电极8与地址线的电气干扰这两个目的,通常将由前述树脂材料构成的透明绝缘膜7成膜为膜厚2~3μm左右。但是,透明绝缘膜7在制造中膜厚通常有±10%左右的误差。由于这种膜厚的误差,会产生前述界面反射光的光程差,产生干涉条纹。因为产生这种干涉条纹,故LCD的显示质量变得非常差。
因在当前的制造条件下,很难降低前述透明绝缘膜的膜厚误差,所以为了改善LCD的显示质量,必须以目前存在膜厚误差为前题,控制前述干涉条纹的发生。本发明的特征在于,是作为抑制前述以往的AMLCD的干涉条纹的手段,将构成前述各种膜的材料的光学特性、特别是折射率,控制在特定的范围内。
发明概述
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的有源矩阵基板和使用它的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,
a)在有源元件和地址线配置成矩阵状的绝缘性基板上,形成覆盖所述有源元件和地址线的透明绝缘膜,
b)在所述透明绝缘膜上形成透明显示电极,
c)经过开在所述透明绝缘膜上的接触孔,连接所述透明显示电极与所述有源元件,
d)在所述透明显示电极的下部形成所述有源元件一部分的元件绝缘膜与所述透明绝缘膜的折射率之差,以及所述元件绝缘膜与绝缘性基板的折射率之差在0.2以内。
附图简要说明
图1表示以往的改进型有源矩阵型液晶显示装置的剖视图。
图2表示本发明的改进型有源矩阵型液晶显示装置的剖视图。
实施发明的最佳形态
下面,参照附图对实施本发明的最佳实施形态进行说明。
实施形态1
下面,参照图2对本发明的实施形态1进行说明。
本发明作为改进前述以往的AMLCD的缺点的手段,将构成AM基板上的显示部分的各种膜的光学特性、特别是折射率规定在特定的范围内。
也就是说,如图2所示,与本发明相关的AM基板,在由半导体膜构成的有源元件24和地址线(扫描线22、信号线25)设置成矩阵状的绝缘性基板21的表面上,形成透明绝缘膜27,在所述透明绝缘膜27上形成显示用的透明显示电极28,并经过设置在透明绝缘膜27上的接触孔,电气连接有源元件24与透明显示电极28,
这样,与本发明相关的液晶显示装置的剖视结构基本上与以往的改进型AMLCD相同。但是,与本发明相关的AM基板,其特征在于,将在透明绝缘膜27与栅极绝缘膜23之间,以及栅极绝缘膜23与绝缘性基板21之间的折射率之差,控制在0.2以内。
也就是说,根据本发明者实验结果可知,如果前述各种膜的折射率之差在0.2以内,则即使前述透明绝缘膜27的膜厚在制造条件的范围内产生误差,LCD的显示质量也几乎不会劣化。
为达到前述结构,与本发明一实施形态相关的AM基板,其特征在于,使用以SiOx/SiNy(其中,X是0~2的数字,Y是0~4/3的数字)表示的固溶体作为栅极绝缘膜材料,并使用玻璃基板作为绝缘性基板。
以往的AM基板中使用的构成材料的折射率,如表1所示的那样,各构成材料的折射率有很大差别。与此不同的是,如表2所示,在本实施形态的AM基板的情况下,透明绝缘膜27与栅极绝缘膜23之间,以及栅极绝缘膜23与绝缘性基板21之间的折射率之差很小。此外,由于制造上的原因,即使改变玻璃基板21和透明绝缘膜27的材料,它们的折射率变化,也能借助于调节形成栅极绝缘膜23的SiOx/SiNy固溶体的组成,使玻璃基板21与栅极绝缘膜23之间,以及栅极绝缘膜23与透明绝缘膜27之间的折射率之差为最小。
表2:本实施形态的构成材料与折射率
  膜的名称   构成材料     折射率   与上面膜的折射率之差
  液晶膜   液晶材料     1.55
  透明显示电极   ITO     1.9~2.0   0.35~0.45
  透明绝缘膜   丙烯系树脂     1.5~1.6   0.3~0.5
  栅极绝缘膜   SiOx/SiNy     1.5~1.6   最大0.1
  玻璃基板   玻璃     约1.5   最大0.1
作为制造由SiOx/SiNy固溶体组成的栅极绝缘膜23的手段,能采用以往众所周知的溅射法、各种CVD法等。特别,在以往的栅极绝缘膜的制造中实施的CVD法适用于本发明的栅极绝缘膜23的制造。
也就是说,借助于使用氮气供给源气体和氧气的混合气体,代替由以往的栅极绝缘膜3利用CVD法制造时氨(ammonia)等的氮气供给源气体,能制造SiOx/SiNy固溶体。即不必对以往的制造装置作任何改变,只要在供给气体中添加氧气,就能够制造适于本发明栅极绝缘膜23的SiOx/SiNy固溶体。
借助于控制氮气供给源气体和氧气的混合比,能将前述固溶体中的氧气和氮气的比例设定成任意值。其结果,不必对以往制造装置作任何改变,就能制造任意折射率的栅极绝缘膜23。因此,即使变更玻璃基板21和透明绝缘膜27的材料,使它们的折射率变化,也能很容易地使栅极绝缘膜23的折射率接近这些材料的折射率。
此外,除CVD法外,利用溅射法也能制造前述栅极绝缘膜。这种情况下,可以将靶按照目的要求来组成,也可以分别将Si3N4做成靶,用气体分压、施加功率等溅射条件,对组成进行调整。
此外,在前述实施形态中,是对使用SiOx/SiNy作为栅极绝缘膜23的材料的情况进行了说明,但显而易见,如果构成栅极绝缘膜23的材料是透明的,并且与透明绝缘膜27和绝缘性基板21两者的折射率之差在0.2以内,则能在本发明中使用。
若使用与本发明相关的AM基板作为LCD的AM基板,采用这样的结构,就能抑制在构成LCD的AM基板中显示部分的各构成膜界面上发生的界面反射。因此,能降低由于透明绝缘膜的膜厚误差产生的干扰条纹的强度,并能大幅度地改善LCD的显示质量。此外,因界面反射减少,所以也能改善AM基板的穿透率,即使不改变显示用透明电极的面积,也能制造观赏性好的显示性能良好的LCD。
工业上的实用性
如前所述,采用本发明的结构能得到下述明显效果,即能降低由于透明绝缘膜的膜厚在制造上的误差产生的干涉条纹的强度,并能大幅度地改善LCD的显示质量。此外,也能改善AM基板的穿透率,并且即使不改变显示用的透明电极的面积,也能制造出观赏性好的显示性能良好的LCD。
此外,在制造本发明的AM基板时,在采用SiOx/SiNy固溶体作为栅极绝缘膜的情况下,不必改变以往的AM基板制造装置,只要改变制造条件,就能制造观赏性好的显示性能良好的LCD,具有良好的效果。

Claims (3)

1.一种有源矩阵基板,
在有源元件和地址线配置成矩阵状的绝缘性基板上,形成覆盖所述有源元件和地址线的透明绝缘膜,
在所述透明绝缘膜上形成透明显示电极,并经过开在所述透明绝缘膜上的接触孔,连接所述透明显示电极与所述有源元件,
在所述透明绝缘膜与所述透明显示电极的下部,具有形成所述有源元件一部分的元件绝缘膜,
其特征在于,
所述元件绝缘膜由按SiOx/SiNy表示的固溶体构成,其中x是0~2的数字,y是0~4/3的数字,并且
所述透明绝缘膜与所述元件绝缘膜的折射率之差,以及所述元件绝缘膜与所述绝缘性基板的折射率之差在0.2以内。
2.如权利要求1所述的有源矩阵基板,其特征在于,
利用CVD法或者溅射法,制造用所述SiOx/SiNy表示的固溶体。
3.一种使用有源矩阵基板的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,所述有源矩阵基板,
在有源元件和地址线配置成矩阵状的绝缘性基板上,形成覆盖所述有源元件和地址线的透明绝缘膜,
在所述透明绝缘膜上形成透明显示电极,并经过开在所述透明绝缘膜上的接触孔,连接所述透明显示电极与所述有源元件,
所述透明绝缘膜与所述透明显示电极的下部由形成所述有源元件一部分并按SiOx/SiNy表示的固溶体所组成的元件绝缘膜的折射率之差,以及所述元件绝缘膜与绝缘性基板的折射率之差在0.2以内,其中x是0~2的数字,y是0~4/3的数字。
CNB998031593A 1998-02-25 1999-02-23 有源矩阵基板和使用它的液晶显示装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1153090C (zh)

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