CN115279612A - 混合动力驱动的摩托车和摩托车的混合动力套件 - Google Patents

混合动力驱动的摩托车和摩托车的混合动力套件 Download PDF

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CN115279612A
CN115279612A CN202080091598.3A CN202080091598A CN115279612A CN 115279612 A CN115279612 A CN 115279612A CN 202080091598 A CN202080091598 A CN 202080091598A CN 115279612 A CN115279612 A CN 115279612A
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motorcycle
electric motor
motorcycle according
electric machine
carrying structure
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卢卡·莫尔菲诺
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Effesto LLC
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Effesto LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B62M23/00—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
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Abstract

一种混合动力驱动的摩托车，包括吸热式发动机(3)、通过摇臂(7)与承载结构(2)连接的后轮(6)、通过初级传动装置(8)与吸热式发动机(3)连接并通过次级传动装置(9)与后轮(6)连接的变速箱(4)以及可逆的电机(M)，其中辅助传动装置(14)将电机(M)连接至次级传动装置(9)的输入轴(10)，并且其中电机(M)在摇臂(7)下方安装在承载结构(2)上。用于摩托车的对应的混合动力套件。

Description

混合动力驱动的摩托车和摩托车的混合动力套件
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2019年11月5日提交的意大利专利申请第102019000020398号的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力驱动的摩托车。
背景技术
众所周知，减少燃料消耗和排放的需要导致混合动力牵引在汽车领域日益普及。
在摩托车领域，混合动力牵引还不是很普遍，需要优化吸热式发动机和电机之间的集成，以使各种骑行模式具有最佳的性能和安全条件。
另外，需要最大限度地减少源自电机质量的动态问题和将电机放置在摩托车上减少的可用空间中的较大难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够克服上述缺点的混合动力驱动的摩托车。
上述目的通过混合动力驱动的摩托车实现，该摩托车包括承载结构、安装在承载结构上或容纳在承载结构中的吸热式发动机、前轮、通过摇臂与承载结构连接的后轮、通过初级传动装置与吸热式发动机连接并通过次级传动装置与后轮连接的变速箱以及可逆的电机，其特征在于，它包括将电机的轴连接至次级传动装置的输入轴的辅助传动装置，以及固定到承载结构上并被构造为支撑在摇臂下方的电机的支撑单元。
电机与次级传动装置的输入轴连接的事实使得可以在纯电动行驶模式下完全绕过吸热式发动机，关闭吸热式发动机并将变速箱置于空档，以及在不换档的情况下驾驶摩托车。
这种布置还使得可以通过施加制动扭矩并同时对电池再充电而赋予电机主动的抗后仰(anti-rearing)或抗自旋控制功能，而不必干预吸热式发动机的切断。
根据本发明的另一方面，电机位于摇臂下方。这种布置最大限度地减少了与电机的增加质量相关的动态问题，优化了摩托车的稳定性和骑行安全性。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，电机相对于摩托车的竖直中平面基本对称地布置，这有助于优化稳定性和安全性。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，电机可以与输入轴选择性地连接；这样，在吸热模式下，可以完全排除电动马达，避免带动大量质量。
电机优选相对于次级传动装置反向旋转，以便至少部分地补偿车轮的陀螺效应。
附图说明
这些和其他优点将从以下参照附图对本发明的非限制性实施方式的描述中显而易见，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的第一实施方式制造的摩托车的示意侧视图；
图2是图1中摩托车的牵引装置的框图；
图3是示出图1的摩托车的辅助传动装置的另一个实施方式的图；
图4是图1的摩托车的电机的支撑单元的第一实施方式的立体图；
图5和图6分别是图1的摩托车的电机的支撑单元的第二实施方式的立体图和前视图；并且
图7是控制电机的框图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，附图标记1总体上表示根据本发明制造的混合动力驱动的摩托车，特别是二轮摩托车。
摩托车1以已知的方式包括承载结构2，吸热式发动机3和变速箱4安装或集成在该承载结构2中(图2)。承载结构2可以包括其上安装有容纳发动机和变速箱的曲轴箱的框架，仅包括曲轴箱(在具有承载发动机的摩托车的情况下)，或包括具有曲轴箱和部分框架的中间方案。
另外，摩托车1配备有前轮5和后轮6。后者通过摇臂7附接于承载结构2，摇臂7在其前端铰接于承载结构2并在其后端承载车轮6。
摩托车(图2)配备有将吸热式发动机3的驱动轴连接至变速箱4的初级传动装置8(例如，齿轮)，以及将变速箱4的输出轴10连接至后轮6的次级传动装置9，例如通过链条。
变速箱4的输出轴10因此是次级传动装置9的输入轴。
次级传动装置9可以包括例如放置在轴10上的小齿轮11、附接于后轮6的后链轮12以及与小齿轮11和后链轮12啮合的链条13(图1)。
替代地，次级传动装置可以是任何其他已知类型，例如，齿形带或传动轴。
摩托车1还包括电机M，其永久地或选择性地连接至次级传动装置9，特别是连接至次级传动装置9的输入轴10。电机优选是具有外转子的轴流式永磁电机，并且其自身的轴线A垂直于车辆的纵向中平面P布置。
根据图1所示的本发明的第一实施方式，电机M例如通过辅助链式传动装置14永久地连接至次级传动装置9的输入轴10，辅助链式传动装置14包括与电机的输出轴18连接的小齿轮50、与变速箱10的输出轴牢固连接的小齿轮51以及链条52。替代地，辅助传动装置14可以是齿轮或皮带传动装置。
根据在图3中示意性示出的本发明的另一个实施方式，辅助传动装置14包括彼此串联的换向/分离单元15和皮带传动装置16。
更具体地，换向/分离单元15包括与电机M的输出轴18为一体的第一齿轮17以及能够选择性地与空转轴20接合的第二齿轮19。
方便地，齿轮19在空转轴20上的选择性接合通过配备有同步器(未被示出)的具有前齿的滑动套筒23来实现。套筒23用作电机M的分离器。
皮带传动装置16包括在空转轴20上的第一冠轮21和与变速箱4的输出轴10旋转连接的第二冠轮22。
根据本发明，电机M在摇臂7下方安装在承载结构2上。需要说明的是，表述“在摇臂7下方”应理解为至少电机M的主要部分和电机本身的轴线A位于摇臂7下方；如果不是电机M全都位于摇臂7下方，那么摇臂7必须被构造为在静态和动态条件下不干扰电机M的整体尺寸。例如，在双臂式摇臂的情况下，电机M的顶部可能在摇臂的行程的至少一部分期间可以位于与摇臂7相同的高度，在这种情况下电机M的横向尺寸必须位于摇臂7的两个臂之间，使得不发生干扰。
电机M方便地相对于摩托车1的竖直中平面P对称地布置(图3)。
图4示出了用于将电机M连接至承载结构2的支撑单元40的第一实施方式。
支撑单元40由支架组成，该支架包括顶板41，该顶板41被设计成在使用中在横向方向上布置在摇臂7的两个臂之间，并且在纵向方向上布置在承载结构2与后轮6之间。顶板41被构造为使得它可以通过螺钉和/或夹具固定到承载结构2上，优选使用结构本身中已经存在的连接孔(例如，摇臂7铰接孔)。单元40还包括一对臂42a、42b，该对臂42a、42b在顶板41的相对两侧向下延伸并且布置在电机M的轴向相对两侧上。
其中一个臂42a固定到电机M的定子上，另一个臂42b结束于用于电机M的输出轴18的环形支撑件54，轴18由轴承(未被示出)支撑在该环形支撑件54内。
图5和图6示出了一个不同的实施方式，其中单元40由两个支架43、44组成，支架43、44的相应的顶部45、46被设计成固定到摩托车1的承载结构2的相对两侧上并为此目的各自设有多个固定孔47。
支架43、44还包括相应的臂48、49，臂48、49固定到顶部45、46上或与顶部45、46为一体并从电机M的轴向相对两侧向下延伸。在这种情况下，臂48也固定到电机M的定子上；臂49终止于用于电机M的输出轴18的环形支撑件55，轴18通过轴承(未被示出)支撑在该环形支撑件55内。
这种方案适用于摇臂7的两个臂之间没有足够空间安装支架的情况，或者摇臂为单臂的情况。支架43、44被方便地成形为使得它们可以布置在摇臂7之外，与承载结构2限定足够的空间以使摇臂7能够通过和竖直移动。这种方案具有比前一种方案大的尺寸，但更灵活，并且可以使用已经存在于承载结构上的附接孔来容易地适应不同的摩托车型号。例如，支架43、44可以代替乘客踏板的支撑支架，并集成踏板本身。
图7示出了控制电机M的框图。
微处理器控制单元25接收来自多个车载传感器的输入信号，参照这里涉及的功能，这些传感器包括至少一个侧向倾斜度或侧倾传感器26、一个倾斜度或后仰(rearing)传感器27、一个前轮5角速度传感器28和一个后轮6角速度传感器29。
控制单元25将控制信号发送到与电机M连结的逆变器30，该逆变器30与电池组31连接，该电池组31配备有与控制单元25通信的管理系统(BMS)32。逆变器30方便地附接于承载结构2的下部区域并尽可能低地被容纳，例如在吸热式发动机3前方(图1)。电池组31方便地在座椅下方固定到摩托车1的尾件24的内侧。
控制单元还接收来自加速器33的输入信号，该加速器33是通常由车把上的旋钮控制的电位器的形式。
摩托车1的混合动力牵引系统的操作如下。
1.吸热模式
摩托车1通常仅由吸热式发动机3驱动。
如果有分离器15，则套筒23脱开；电机M被排除在运动链之外，只有皮带传动装置16被带动空转，惯性可忽略不计。
2.电动模式
将变速箱4保持在空档(如果存在套筒23，使套筒23接合)，摩托车仅由电机M驱动。吸热式发动机3被隔离，因此不会向不希望的旋转引入任何惯性。制动时，电机用作再生制动器给电池31再充电。
3.混合模式
在这种模式中，吸热式发动机3和电机M同时使用，因此可以根据加速器32的位置获得驱动功率(“助力(boost)”)或制动功率的总和。控制单元25基于根据输入信号、特别是根据速度、功率需求和负载存储的图，在吸热式发动机3和电机M之间分配扭矩。在这种情况下，电机M也可以用作再生制动器来给电池31再充电。
在这种模式下，可以在基于输入信号识别的特定操作情况下实施复杂的控制策略，例如：
a.防后仰(anti-rearing)控制。
初期后仰可以被检测为由传感器27产生的倾斜度信号的突然变化。特别地，可以通过将该信号的值随时间的导数与预定阈值进行比较来检测该条件，超过该阈值电机M作为再生制动器工作，以减少后轮6上释放的动力。当检测到倾斜度减小时，电机可以返回输送驱动扭矩。因此，该功能可以以简单的方式实现，而无需干预吸热式发动机3的控制图。
b.防自旋控制。
可以通过比较与各个车轮连接的角速度传感器28、29产生的信号来检测自旋情况，即后轮抓地力的失去。如果后轮的角速度超过前轮的角速度，则电机M用作再生制动器以降低后轮6的速度并使其重新附着。当车轮的角速度被检测为相等时，电机可以返回输送驱动扭矩。
c.转弯时的加速控制
热力发动机3和电机M之间的扭矩分布图可以根据摩托车的侧向倾斜度或侧倾角进行修改。
特别地，它可以被配置为使得电机的扭矩贡献在最大允许倾斜角值时抵消，并且随着倾斜角减小(即，当离开弯道时)逐渐增加。不仅可以使用倾斜角而且还可以使用速度作为输入参数来执行变换。
最后，很明显，可以对所描述的摩托车进行修改和变化，而不因此脱离权利要求限定的保护范围。
例如，换向/分离单元(如果存在)可以被配置为双速度变速箱，从而限定用于在电动模式下获得高分离扭矩的“短”档(“short”gear)以及用于在电机作为助力与吸热式发动机结合使用时使用的“长”档(“long”gear)。
电机、支撑单元及其控制和供电装置(逆变器和电池)也可以作为混合动力套件单独被供电，该混合动力套件可以应用于只有热力发动机的传统摩托车。该套件可以方便地包括与原始摩托车尾件可互换的尾件，在该尾件中集成了电池。
另外，相互组合描述的摩托车特征可以单独使用，也可以以不同的组合使用。

Claims (15)

1.一种混合动力驱动的摩托车，其包括：承载结构(2)、安装在所述承载结构(2)上或容纳在所述承载结构(2)中的吸热式发动机(3)、前轮(5)、通过摇臂(7)与所述承载结构(2)连接的后轮(6)、通过初级传动装置(8)与所述吸热式发动机(3)连接并通过次级传动装置(9)与所述后轮(6)连接的变速箱(4)以及可逆的电机(M)，其特征在于，包括将所述电机(M)连接至所述次级传动装置(9)的输入轴(10)的辅助传动装置(14)，以及固定到所述承载结构(2)上并被构造为支撑在所述摇臂(7)下方的所述电机(M)的支撑单元(40)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述电机(M)相对于所述摩托车(1)的竖直中平面(P)基本对称地布置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述电机(M)相对于所述次级传动装置(9)反向旋转。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述辅助传动装置(14)包括被构造为将所述电机(M)选择性地连接至所述次级传动装置(9)的所述输入轴(10)的换向/分离单元(15)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述换向/分离单元(15)包括与所述电机(M)的输出轴(18)为一体的第一齿轮以及能与空转轴(20)选择性地连接的第二齿轮(19)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述辅助传动装置(14)包括将所述空转轴(20)连接至所述辅助传动装置(9)的所述输入轴(10)的传动装置(16)。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的摩托车，其特征在于，包括与所述承载结构(2)的下部区域连接的逆变器。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的摩托车，其特征在于，包括控制单元(25)，所述控制单元(25)被配置为响应于从侧倾角传感器(26)、后仰角传感器(27)、前轮角速度传感器(28)和后轮角速度传感器(29)接收的输入信号，改变所述电机(M)的驱动和制动扭矩。
9.根据权利要求8所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述控制单元(25)被配置为执行后仰控制，在所述后仰控制中，所述电机(M)根据倾斜角的导数产生制动扭矩。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述控制单元(25)被配置为执行扭矩控制，在所述扭矩控制中，根据侧倾角调制所述电机(M)产生的驱动扭矩。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述控制单元(25)被配置为执行防自旋控制，在所述防自旋控制中，所述电机(M)在所述后轮(6)的角速度大于所述前轮(5)的角速度时产生制动扭矩。
12.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述支撑单元(40)包括支架，所述支架固定在所述承载结构(2)上并具备从轴向相对两侧支撑所述电机(M)的一对臂。
13.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的摩托车，其特征在于，所述支撑单元(40)包括一对支架(43、44)，所述一对支架(43、44)固定在所述承载结构(2)的相对两侧上并且被构造为相对于所述摇臂(7)向外延伸，所述支架(43、44)在轴向相对两侧连接至所述电机(M)。
14.一种用于摩托车的混合动力套件，所述摩托车具备承载结构(2)和摇臂(7)，其特征在于，所述混合动力套件包括被构造为与所述摩托车的次级传动装置(9)的输入轴(10)连接的电机(M)、被构造为固定到所述承载结构(2)上并支撑所述摇臂(7)下方的所述电机的支撑单元(40)以及用于控制所述电机并给所述电机供电的控制和供电装置(30、31)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的套件，其特征在于，所述控制和供电装置包括逆变器(30)以及集成在可互换尾件(24)中的电池组(31)。
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US20220355898A1 (en) * 2021-05-04 2022-11-10 Qingdao Choho Industrial Co.,Ltd. Rear drive transmission system of motorcycle and motorcycle
DE102022209678A1 (de) * 2022-09-15 2024-03-21 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren und Fahrerassistenzsystem zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs

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US7942227B2 (en) * 2008-03-07 2011-05-17 Honda Motor Company, Ltd. Motorcycle having a continuously variable transmission and a reduction gearset
JP5542626B2 (ja) * 2010-11-10 2014-07-09 本田技研工業株式会社 鞍乗り型電動車両
CN103946108B (zh) * 2011-12-28 2016-08-24 川崎重工业株式会社 跨乘式电动车辆
JP6894734B2 (ja) * 2017-03-22 2021-06-30 川崎重工業株式会社 ハイブリッド車両
CN110891854B (zh) * 2017-07-26 2021-07-30 Tvs电机股份有限公司 两轮车辆的传动辅助系统

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