CN115250814A

CN115250814A - Method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan province

Info

Publication number: CN115250814A
Application number: CN202210838392.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔秋芳; 王鹏; 程倩; 左金淼; 冯志培; 李维强; 李艳
Original assignee: Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
Current assignee: Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
Priority date: 2022-07-12
Filing date: 2022-07-12
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-12
Also published as: CN115250814B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating germination and raising seedling of rhododendron within Henan, which adopts 2.5 percent of PEG-6000 solution to promote the advance germination of seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds by more than 80 percent, and is not easy to be infected with diseases. The seedling culture adopts a tray matrix layering method, namely, the matrix layering only adopts two types of matrixes, a preservative film or a plastic film (or a professional permeable film) with a pricked pinhole is paved between the two types of matrixes, the loss of nutrients and water in the second matrix can be effectively prevented, and meanwhile, when the upper-layer matrix is slightly arid, the water in the lower-layer matrix plays a role of reverse osmosis through the hole on the film, so that the moisture of the upper-layer matrix is increased and preserved, the irrigation times are reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced. The seedling raising method is easy to operate, the seedling raising trays are various in types and flexible in size, wastes such as snack boxes can be selected and reused, the sprinkling irrigation frequency is reduced, water is saved, the maintenance cost is low, in addition, the seedling raising is not limited by time, and the seedling emergence rate can reach more than 90%.

Description

Method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan province

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling culture, and particularly relates to a method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling culture of rhododendron fluviatilis.

Background

The rhododendron fluviatilis is a newly discovered special seed of Funiu mountain land in Henan province and belongs to one of alpine rhododendrons; evergreen throughout the year, strong branches and trunk, large and beautiful flowers and is a precious ornamental flower. Due to climate environment change, the distribution altitude of the rhododendron within Henan decreases from 1500 meters to over 1800 meters, the suitable growth range gradually decreases, and the highest altitude of Henan province is only 2413.8 meters; in addition, the requirement of rhododendron fluviatilis seedlings on the environment is harsh, the seedlings naturally updated in wild forest of rhododendron fluviatilis are rare, the whole quantity is reduced day by day, and the survival is seriously threatened. Because the environment condition of the wild rhododendron fluviatilis in the original place is severe, ex-situ protection is needed. The survival rate of the cutting seedling is low and the collection of cutting slips is difficult; the seeds in the capsules of the rhododendron Henan are small and many, and are suitable for seed propagation. The seed of the rhododendron fluviatilis has slow germination and low germination rate. The four storage modes of low-temperature wet storage, low-temperature dry storage and normal-temperature dry storage are adopted, and the fact that the wet storage at the temperature of 4 ℃ is beneficial to the germination of the rhododendron fluvialis seeds is found. However, in the germination process, too much water causes insufficient oxygen, so that the germination is not facilitated, even the seeds are easy to be infected by diseases to cause seed rot, and the water problem in the seed germination process needs to be solved.

Through adopting traditional seedbed seedling and plug seedling experiment discovery: the traditional seedbed seedling culture is adopted, the seed emergence rate is 36-67% after 40 days, the seed germination rate is 67% at the highest when the seeds are stored at 4 ℃ in a wet mode, and the seed germination rate is 36% when the seeds are stored at room temperature in a dry mode; the germination rate of the plug seedling seeds is 51-73%; the seedling rate is lower after 80 days. The Rhododendron fluviatilis seedlings like water but not resisting water dampness, and like humus soil which is loose, breathable, and good in water retention and drainage. The air permeability of the seedbed is poor, the drainage is not good, a large amount of seedlings die in the later period, and the survival rate of the seedlings is only about 12% after 80 days of sowing; plug seedling, water retentivity is poor, needs constantly to spray water and maintains, causes the waste, in case cut off the water and just causes the seedling wither easily, and the seedling survival rate is about 20% after sowing 80 days. The rhododendron in Henan is pleasantly cold and cool, germination is promoted in 3 and 4 months in the traditional seedling culture, and the survival rate of the seedling is greatly reduced after high temperature in 7 and 8 months. Therefore, the traditional seedling raising mode is not suitable for rhododendron fluviatilis, and the improvement of seed seedling raising of rhododendron fluviatilis is very urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method suitable for accelerating germination and raising seedlings of rhododendron fluviatilis, which can effectively improve the germination rate of rhododendron fluviatilis seeds and the survival rate of seedling seedlings.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows:

a method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron fluviatilis comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment: placing collected wild rhododendron pulchrum capsules in a dry place for drying in the shade, collecting plump seeds and removing impurities after natural cracking of the capsules, wrapping clean seeds in a wet towel layer by layer, and storing in a refrigerator at a low temperature of 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the towel is kept wet all the time;

(2) Accelerating germination of seeds: uniformly spreading the rhododendron fluviatilis seeds treated in the step (1) in a culture dish or a tray with three layers of filter paper, carrying out moisture treatment by using a PEG-6000 solution with the content of 2.5%, wherein the water potential of the solution is about-0.06 MPa, placing the solution in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20 ℃ or a variable-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 70% -80%, and replacing the filter paper every 3-4 days until radicles are cracked;

(3) Carrying out layered seedling culture on a shallow tray substrate: selecting a tray with the depth of 2-4cm, preparing two substrates, namely a substrate I and a substrate II, uniformly spreading the substrate I on the bottom of the tray, spraying purified water with the pH value of 6.0-7.0 (the pH value is adjusted by ferrous sulfate solution of 1: 1000), spreading a layer of preservative film or plastic film on the substrate I, or using a professional permeable film with the thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, wrapping the bottom of the whole tray and the peripheral tray walls by using the preservative film or the plastic film, and uniformly pricking small holes on the preservative film or the plastic film by using needles; uniformly laying a layer of matrix II on the preservative film, uniformly spreading the germinated seeds on the matrix II after spraying purified water thoroughly, covering a layer of thin screened matrix II, sealing the opening of the tray by using the preservative film, and placing the tray in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20 ℃ for seedling culture;

(4) Seedling emergence and maintenance: pouring purified water once in 4-5 days, breaking soil of cotyledon to grow out after about 10 days, growing a first true leaf after 10-15 days, half uncovering the seal in the early stage when 2-4 true leaves grow out in 8 months, and gradually increasing the ventilation hardening time from 1 hour per day to completely uncovering the seal; taking the shallow tray seedlings which are uncovered and sealed out of the artificial climate incubator for hardening after 1 month, gradually increasing the seedlings from 1 hour every day until the seedlings are completely adapted to the external environment, and carrying out first transplantation of the seedlings of the rhododendron fluviatilis when the average temperature of the floating ground drops to 16-26 ℃.

Preferably, the two matrixes are sterilized by high temperature sterilization at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes.

Preferably, the first matrix is prepared by mixing pine needle soil and turfy soil according to the weight ratio of 3: 1, and the second matrix is prepared by mixing turfy, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite according to the weight ratio of 2: 1.

Preferably, the first matrix is laid on the tray with the thickness of 1/4 tray depth, and the first matrix is laid on the tray with the thickness of 1/2 tray depth.

Preferably, the number of said apertures is about 0.5-1/cm²。

Preferably, the humidity in the artificial climate incubator is kept between 75% and 85%, the illumination is 2000-3500 Lux, and the illumination time is not less than 8h/d.

Preferably, when the first true leaf grows out, the arch-shaped seal is made by binding wires according to the depth of the shallow tray, so that the growth space of the seedling is guaranteed.

The invention has the advantages that:

aiming at the problem that rhododendron fluviatilis is difficult to germinate, the PEG-6000 solution with the content of 2.5% is adopted to promote the seeds to germinate in advance, the germination rate of the seeds can be improved to be more than 80%, and the seeds are not easy to be infected, and the PEG-6000 solution is found to be obtained in the process of exploring the requirement of the seeds for moisture in the germination process.

The seedling culture adopts a tray substrate layering method, only two types of substrates are adopted, and the substrates are loose and breathable and have a certain water retention effect as a bottom layer; two water conservation soil fertility preservation of matrix have certain gas permeability for seed germination is grown seedlings, lays the one deck and pricks pinhole plastic wrap or plastic film (or the professional membrane of permeating water) in the middle of two kinds of matrixes, can effectively prevent the nutrient and the moisture loss in the matrix two, and when upper matrix was slightly arid simultaneously, lower floor's matrix moisture passed through epimembranal hole and played reverse osmosis's effect, and then increaseed soil moisture conservation to upper matrix to reduce the watering number of times, reduce the maintenance cost. The seedling raising method is easy to operate, the seedling raising trays are various in types and flexible in size, wastes such as snack boxes can be selected and reused, the sprinkling irrigation frequency is reduced, water is saved, the maintenance cost is low, in addition, the seedling raising is not limited by time, and the seedling emergence rate can reach more than 90%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a wet store process using towel levels;

FIG. 2 is the germination of seeds treated with PEG concentration of 2.5% content;

FIG. 3 shows the growth of plug seedlings after 60 days and 80 days;

FIG. 4 shows the growth of the conventional seedbed seedlings after 80 days;

FIG. 5 shows the growth and development of the tray substrate layered seedling of the present invention for 40 days;

FIG. 6 shows the growth and development of the tray substrate layer-by-layer seedling of the present invention for 60 days (third cotyledon growth);

FIG. 7 is the effect of PEG concentration on the germination rate of Rhododendron fluviatilis seeds;

FIG. 8 shows 40-day rate of emergence for tray substrate layered seedling seeding according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows the 80-day rate of emergence of the tray substrate layered seedling.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. However, the specific experimental procedures referred to in the following examples were carried out in a conventional manner or under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer's instructions unless otherwise specified.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The reagents and materials used are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are intended to be exemplary only.

Example 1

(1) Seed collection and treatment: collecting wild Rhododendron Henan of the Royal mountain Yuhuang top in late 10 months, taking its capsule back to the garden plant physiological laboratory in the school district of Longzi lake of the economic institute of Henan animal husbandry, placing in dry place, drying in the shade, collecting plump seeds after the capsule is naturally cracked, and removing impurities. The clean seeds are wrapped by wet towels in layers and placed in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for low-temperature storage for standby application, and the towels are kept wet all the time (sand storage is not recommended because rhododendron fluvialis seeds are tiny) (figure 1).

(2) Accelerating germination of seeds: uniformly spreading the treated rhododendron fluviatilis seeds in the step (1) in a culture dish or a shallow tray with three layers of filter paper, carrying out moisture treatment on the rhododendron fluviatilis seeds by using a PEG-6000 solution with the content of 2.5% (the corresponding solution water potential is-0.1 MPa), placing the rhododendron fluviatilis seeds in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at the temperature of 20 ℃ or a variable-temperature artificial climate incubator at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 70% -80%, replacing the filter paper every 3-4 days, and breaking the skin of the radicle for about 2 weeks to obtain the germinated rhododendron fluviatilis. Compared with the germination acceleration by clear water, the 2.5 percent PEG-6000 solution promotes the seeds to germinate for 1 to 2 days in advance, improves the germination rate of the seeds, can reach more than 80 percent, and is not easy to be infected with diseases. The hypocotyls continue to grow and can be planted after about one month.

(3) A shallow tray substrate layering seedling method: (1) tray selection and substrate preparation: a tray or other container is selected having a depth of 2-4 cm. Preparing two matrixes, wherein the first matrix is pine needle soil and turfy soil = 3: 1; the second substrate is grass peat, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite = 2: 1 (the perlite can be reduced by a proper amount). The substrates are sterilized at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes.

(2) Seedling culture time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) seedling culture in a Longzi lake school area of the economic academy of pasture in Henan province, belonging to ex-situ seedling culture, so that the seed germination acceleration is started according to the step (2) in the middle of 5 months, and the germination acceleration is completed in about 6 middle of the month for planting.

(3) Carrying out layered seedling raising treatment on the shallow tray substrate: first, the substrate in (3) is uniformly spread on the bottom of a shallow tray with the thickness of about 1/4 of the depth of the tray, and a small amount of FeSO is added into the substrate₄And the purified water with the Ph of 6.0-7.0, a layer of preservative film or plastic film is laid on the first substrate, the thickness is 0.1-0.2mm, the preservative film wraps the bottom and the peripheral wall of the whole tray, and then a plurality of small holes (10-12 trays with the number of 10cm diameter are determined according to the area size) are uniformly punched on the film by using needles, and a professional permeable film can also be directly used. And then uniformly spreading a layer of second matrix on the preservative film, wherein the thickness is about 1/2 disc depth, and spraying purified water thoroughly. Uniformly spreading the seeds for accelerating germination on the second substrate, covering a thin layer of sieved second substrate, sealing the tray opening with a preservative film, placing in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20 ℃, keeping the humidity between 75% and 85%, and illuminating for 2000-3500Lux, and the illumination time is not less than 8h/d.

(4) Seedling emergence and maintenance: pouring purified water once in 4-5 days, breaking soil of cotyledon to grow out after about 10 days, growing a first true leaf after 10-15 days, and making an arch-shaped seal by binding wires according to the depth of the tray to ensure the growth space of seedlings. When 2-4 true leaves grow out in 8 months, the seal is half uncovered in the early stage, and the ventilation hardening time is gradually increased from 1 hour per day to the seal is completely uncovered; after 1 month, taking the shallow tray seedlings with the seal uncovered out of the artificial climate incubator for hardening the seedlings, and gradually increasing from 1 hour per day to completely adapt to the external environment. When the average temperature of the migratory horizon is reduced to 16-26 ℃, the first transplantation of the rhododendron huinanensis seedlings can be carried out.

Examples of the experiments

1 influence of different seedling raising modes on seed germination and seedling growth of rhododendron fluviatilis

1.1 plug seedling

In a garden nursery greenhouse of Henan animal husbandry economic institute, a plug with a proper aperture and hole depth is selected, the plug is placed in a ventilation place under the sun for 24 hours and then is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the plug by 75% alcohol to sterilize the plug, and then the plug is washed clean by clear water and dried for later use. The matrix is a mixed matrix of turfy soil, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite = 2: 1.

1.2 bed seedling

A0.5m/1m seedbed is made in a garden nursery greenhouse of the economic institute of Henan animal husbandry, and a matrix is a mixed matrix of turf, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite = 2: 1.

1.3 tray substrate layer-by-layer seedling raising

The method is carried out in a garden laboratory phytotron of the economic institute of pastoral in Henan, and 3 shallow trays with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 3cm are used. Preparing two matrixes, wherein the first matrix is pine needle soil and turfy soil = 3: 1; the second matrix is turf, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite = 2: 1 (the perlite can be reduced by a proper amount). The two layers of the substrate and the seal are both made of plastic films with the thickness of 0.2mm.

1.4 seed treatment mode

The collected seeds are stored in 4 storage modes, namely low-temperature wet storage, low-temperature dry storage and normal-temperature dry storage. The low-temperature wet storage is to wrap the seeds with a wet towel and store the seeds in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ to keep the towel wet; low-temperature dry storage, namely, filling the seeds in a breathable cotton bag, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃; storing at normal temperature, namely, filling the seeds in a breathable cotton bag and storing in a normal temperature environment; the wet towel can be wrapped at normal temperature and stored at normal temperature. Taking out the seeds during the experiment, soaking the seeds in warm water of 50 ℃ for 24 hours, and washing the seeds with distilled water for use.

1.5 Germination accelerating treatment

To further explore the water requirement of the seed germination process, the water treatment was simulated with PEG-6000 solution: the content of PEG-6000 is 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and the percentage of germination is shown in FIG. 7 in comparison with the percentage of germination of the control cultured in distilled water without PEG-6000 (0%).

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the germination percentage was 50-60% in the case of the culture with distilled water containing no PEG-6000, while the germination percentage was more than 80% after the treatment with 2.5% PEG-6000 solution, and the germination percentage was inhibited as the PEG-6000 content was gradually increased, thus the germination percentage was improved by the treatment with 2.5% PEG-6000 solution, and the actual germination condition is shown in FIG. 2.

1.6 seedling test design (seeds for germination acceleration 1.5 are adopted in the test)

10 holes are used as a group for plug seedling, and 10 rhododendron fluviatilis seeds are sown in each hole; the seedbed seedling raising method adopts the separate broadcasting, 3 times of treatment are set for each treatment, and 100 seeds stored in 4 ways are needed for each time. The shallow tray substrate layer seedling method was repeated with 3 trays, each of which was seeded with 100 seeds (seeds as above). Sowing seeds at 23 days 3 months in 2021, and irrigating with FeSO in small amount every day according to dry and wet state of culture medium₄And the purified water with pH value of 5.5-6.0 is covered with a plastic film with thickness of 0.2mm for moisture preservation. Recording the number of seedlings 40 days after sowing, and calculating the germination rate (figure 8); the number of seedlings was recorded after 80 days of sowing, and the survival rate was calculated (fig. 9).

Fig. 3 shows the growth conditions of the plug seedlings after 60 days and 80 days, fig. 4 shows the growth conditions of the ordinary seedbed seedlings after 80 days, and fig. 5 shows the germination conditions of the shallow tray substrate layered seedlings after 40 days, and as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, compared with the traditional seedbed seedlings and plug seedlings, the germination rate of the shallow tray substrate layered seedlings of the invention is greatly improved in both 40 days and 80 days.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that other embodiments may be easily made by those skilled in the art by replacing or changing the technical contents disclosed in the specification, and therefore, all changes and modifications that are made on the principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(2) Accelerating germination of seeds: uniformly spreading the rhododendron fluviatilis seeds treated in the step (1) in a culture dish or a shallow tray with three layers of filter paper, carrying out moisture treatment by using a PEG-6000 solution with the concentration of 2.5%, placing the culture dish or the shallow tray in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at the temperature of 20 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 70% -80%, and replacing the filter paper every 3-4 days until radicles are broken;

(3) Shallow tray substrate layered seedling culture: selecting a tray with the depth of 2-4cm, preparing two substrates, namely a substrate I and a substrate II, uniformly paving the substrate I at the bottom of the tray, spraying purified water with the pH value of 6.0-7.0 thoroughly, paving a layer of preservative film or plastic film on the substrate I, wrapping the bottom of the whole tray and the peripheral tray walls by the preservative film or the plastic film, and uniformly pricking small holes on the preservative film or the plastic film by using needles; uniformly spreading a layer of second matrix on the preservative film, uniformly spraying purified water, uniformly scattering the seeds for accelerating germination on the second matrix, covering a layer of thin screened second matrix, sealing the opening of the tray by using the preservative film, and placing the tray in a constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20 ℃ for seedling culture;

(4) Seedling emergence and maintenance: pouring purified water once in 4-5 days, breaking soil of cotyledon to grow out in 8-10 days, growing a first true leaf in 10-15 days, half uncovering the seal in the early stage when 2-4 true leaves grow out in 8 months, and gradually increasing the ventilation seedling hardening time from 1 hour per day to completely uncovering the seal; taking the shallow tray seedlings which are uncovered and sealed out of the artificial climate incubator for hardening after 1 month, gradually increasing the seedlings from 1 hour every day until the seedlings are completely adapted to the external environment, and carrying out first transplantation of the seedlings of the rhododendron fluviatilis when the average temperature of the floating ground drops to 16-26 ℃.

2. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron huinanense according to claim 1, wherein the constant-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20 ℃ is replaced by a variable-temperature artificial climate incubator at 20-25 ℃.

3. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron fluviatilis according to claim 1, wherein the two substrates are sterilized at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes.

4. The method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan according to claim 1, wherein the first matrix is formed by mixing pine needle soil and turfy soil according to a weight ratio of 3: 1, and the second matrix is formed by mixing turfy, vermiculite, pine needle soil and perlite according to a weight ratio of 2: 1.

5. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron fluviatilis according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is laid on a tray with a thickness of 1/4 tray depth, and the substrate is laid on a tray with a thickness of 1/2 tray depth.

6. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron huinanense according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the preservative film or the plastic film is 0.1-0.2mm.

7. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron huinanense according to claim 1, wherein the number of the small holes is 0.5-1/cm²。

8. The method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan according to claim 1, wherein the preservative film or the plastic film is replaced by a professional permeable film.

9. The method for accelerating germination and seedling culture of rhododendron fluviatilis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidity is maintained between 75% and 85% in a climatic incubator, the illumination is 2000-3500 Lux, and the illumination time is not less than 8h/d.

10. The method suitable for accelerating germination and seedling raising of rhododendron within Henan according to claim 1, wherein when a first true leaf is grown, an arch-shaped seal is made by binding wires according to the depth of a tray, so that the growth space of a seedling is guaranteed.