CN115176688B - Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum, which comprises the following steps: 1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into natural light with shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 12-18 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 3-5 days; 2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, and raising the seedling raising tray for 1-6 months under the conditions of a shading degree of 60-70%, a humidity of 40-70% and a temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain a domesticated seedling; 3) And fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on stone walls of the field planting field through seedling bags. The wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium candidum improves the field planting yield and medicinal value of dendrobium candidum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium nobile cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum.
Background
The plant is 4-10cm high, the stem is cylindrical, slightly bent, has several sections and 2-4 leaves, and is mutually grown on the upper part of the stem, nearly revolute, flowers are 1-2, the lower parts of petals are yellow green, the upper part is nearly light purple, the lip petals are light yellow, and the front end edge is light purple. The dendrobium candidum is mainly produced in the places such as Shennong's frame, sichuan Ganluo and the like in the Hubei province and on the valley rock with the altitude of 1200-2000 m. Dendrobium candidum is used as a medicine, and has the effects of nourishing yin, supporting yang, tonifying heart, promoting blood production and nourishing liver and kidney. The dendrobium candidum also has extremely high ornamental value, elegant flower appearance, exquisite lovely appearance, bright color and aromatic smell, is one of four ornamental ocean flowers, and can be used as cut flowers and potted ornamental plants.
The dendrobium nobile grows in the gaps between cliff stones and on the ancient tree, the distribution range is narrow, the population quantity is rare, and the dendrobium nobile has high medicinal value and extremely high ornamental value. The dendrobium nobile is originally rare in the Shennong frame, and has medicinal and ornamental values, so that the population number of the wild dendrobium nobile is gradually reduced in the Shennong frame and is already at the extinct edge. Because dendrobium candidum is difficult to develop under natural conditions and low in propagation rate, great achievement is achieved in terms of tissue culture and seedling breeding of dendrobium candidum, but if tissue culture seedlings are planted in a greenhouse directly, natural growth rules are violated, a large amount of pesticides and various chemical additives are often used in the planting process to solve the problems of plant diseases and insect pests and yield, and the quality of dendrobium candidum is poor, such as pesticide residues, excessive heavy metals, poor drug effect and the like.
Therefore, in order to effectively recover wild population, relieve the pressure of asking for the nature, ensure the utility quality of dendrobium candidum, and explore a method for imitating wild planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium candidum, which improves the field planting yield and the medicinal value of dendrobium candidum.
In order to achieve the aim and other advantages of the present invention, a method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner is provided, which comprises the following steps:
1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 12-18 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 3-5 days;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, and raising the seedling raising tray for 1-6 months under the conditions of a shading degree of 60-70%, a humidity of 40-70% and a temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain a domesticated seedling;
3) And fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on stone walls of the field planting field through seedling bags.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner comprises the following specific processes of bottle-removing and transplanting of tissue culture seedlings in the step 2): taking out the dendrobium stem seedling, washing off the root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 20-30 min, fishing out, airing the root moisture until the root system is slightly whitened, transplanting, and watering thoroughly.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, the seedling training matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and is used after sterilization and cooling, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales.
Preferably, the field planting field is a wall of a rock of a dense tree under the conditions of shade, humidity, ventilation and semi-shade and semi-positive;
the fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed culture substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed culture substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum by imitating wild species comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 3-5 times after fermentation, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and turf soil, uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix, and fermenting the fermented fruit scales to obtain the fruit scales.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum by imitating wild comprises the following steps of: fermenting human urine in 20-30 deg.c, natural fermentation in non-sealing condition for 1 day, non-sealing fermentation with black tea fungus liquid for 2-3 days, sealing fermentation for 3-4 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the urine of the human body is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea and boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove residues, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea to the boiling water to the white granulated sugar is 1:100:10.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium chrysanthum in a wild-like manner, the planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bags on the surface of the rock is 5×5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
Preferably, the dendrobium candidum wild-like planting method is characterized in that after fixed planting, nutrient solution is sprayed regularly, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times after human urine fermentation.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, in the step 1), after opening the bottle mouth, the dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Xian is cultured for 10 days under red and blue light, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: blue light irradiates for 8 hours, red light irradiates for 4 hours, and darkness for 12 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, after the tissue culture seedlings are removed from the bottle and before transplanting the domesticated seedlings, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings are placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an induction liquid for 2-3 days, the tissue culture seedlings are placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the induction liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of salicylic acid are added into each 1L of sterile water; wherein the tissue culture seedling is cultivated for 1-2 months.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) The tissue culture seedlings are placed on the domesticated seedling substrate for domestication and cultivation and then fixedly planted on the stone wall of a field planting field, so that the survival rate of the dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Yewai can be increased, and the yield of the dendrobium candidum can be increased;
(2) The fermented human urine is used for preparing a planting matrix, and the fermented urine is diluted to serve as a nutrient solution applied by subsequent management, so that the dendrobium candidum plant can be promoted to absorb mineral substances, the content of trace elements in dendrobium candidum is improved, and the medicinal value is improved;
(3) The seedling hardening stage before the bottle removal of the tissue culture seedlings adopts red and blue light for alternate culture, so that the growth metabolism can be regulated from the inside, the seedling development is promoted, the seedling growth adaptability is enhanced, and the field fixed planting survival rate of the dendrobium candidum seedlings is improved;
(4) Before transplanting and domesticating, the tissue culture seedlings are placed in an induction liquid for treatment, under the conditions of strong light stimulation and salicylic acid protection, the far infrared ceramic powder promotes the activation of biological macromolecules in plant cells, enhances the activity of the cells, accelerates the metabolism, shortens the time for domesticating the seedlings, and simultaneously improves the field fixed planting survival rate and the trace element content of the dendrobium.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
The experimental methods described in the examples below are conventional methods unless otherwise indicated, and the reagents and materials described herein are commercially available.
A method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum comprises the following steps:
1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the bottle for hardening off for 12-18 days, opening a bottle mouth, continuing hardening off for 3-5 days, and selecting the tissue culture seedlings without diseases, mould, strong rootstock and mechanical damage;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, and raising the seedling raising tray for 1-6 months under the conditions of a shading degree of 60-70%, a humidity of 40-70% and a temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain a domesticated seedling; the seedling-training matrix can be mixed with fermented pine bark or fermented fruit scales and perlite and vermiculite according to a certain proportion, preferably fermented fruit scales, and is sterilized under high pressure for 30min or exposed to high temperature for 3-5 days before being used, and is cooled for use.
3) And fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on stone walls of the field planting field through seedling bags. The seedling hardening and seedling domestication can be performed under outdoor natural light or under greenhouse conditions.
More preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner comprises the following specific processes of bottle-removing and transplanting of tissue culture seedlings in the step 2): taking out dendrobium nobile seedlings, washing off root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 20-30 min, fishing out, airing root moisture until root systems are slightly whitened, transplanting, filling 2/3 seedling-training matrixes into each grid in a seedling tray during transplanting, putting the aired tissue culture seedlings into the seedling tray, covering a layer of seedling-training matrixes on the upper part, lightly compacting, and watering thoroughly after the whole seedling tray is planted.
More preferably, according to the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, the seedling training matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the seedling training matrix is used after sterilization and cooling, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales. The fruit scales are seed scales of the huashanea, the huashanea cones naturally drop on the ground after being ripe for 10-11 months, the huashanea is packed into a gunny bag after being collected, and the separated seed scales are obtained by beating with a wooden stick. The fruit scales are uniform in size and shape, have the advantages of water drainage, ventilation and rich organic matter content, and are very suitable for domestication matrixes of aerial root plants such as dendrobium nobile and the like. Before use, the fruit scales are fermented to remove substances harmful to plant growth, such as resin, cellulose, lignin, carbolic acid, tannic acid, etc. The method for fermenting the fruit scales uses a fermentation auxiliary agent for outdoor fermentation, and specifically comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of urea and carbendazim into the separated fruit scales, fully stirring the mixture after the urea and the carbendazim are wetted, covering a plastic film, standing for 1 day, adding a fermentation auxiliary agent, fully stirring the mixture, piling the mixture, covering the plastic film, exposing the mixture to the sun for 2 to 3 months at high temperature, turning the mixture for about 5 days, spraying water during turning the mixture, keeping the matrix moist, keeping the mass ratio of the fruit scales to the urea to the carbendazim to be 10:2:1, and obtaining a mixture of the three raw materials to the fermentation auxiliary agent to be 10:1, wherein the fermentation auxiliary agent is an organic material decomposition agent produced by the two Huinong technologies development limited company in Henan province, and the main components of the organic material decomposition agent include bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhizopus, amylase, protease, metabolic products of the protease and the like.
More preferably, the field planting field is a rock wall with a shade humidity (humidity is 50% -80%) under a thick tree forest, ventilation and half-negative and half-positive (half-negative and half-positive refer to scattered light under the forest and shade is 50% -70%), and weeds and dried branches on the rock wall are cleaned before transplanting.
The fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed culture substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed culture substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls.
More preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum by imitating wild species comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 3-5 times after fermenting, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and turfy soil, uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix, and fermenting the fermented fruit scales to obtain the fruit scales, wherein the method is the same as above; wherein human urine can be naturally fermented for 10-15 days for treatment, for example: naturally fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 3-5 days under non-closed conditions, then sealing and fermenting for 7-10 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain the fermented urine. More preferably, the human urine fermentation method comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine in 20-30 deg.c, natural fermentation in non-sealing condition for 1 day, non-sealing fermentation with black tea fungus liquid for 2-3 days, sealing fermentation for 3-4 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the urine of the human body is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea and boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove residues, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea to the boiling water to the white granulated sugar is 1:100:10.
More preferably, the method for planting dendrobium candidum by imitating wild type comprises the steps of regularly spraying nutrient solution after fixed planting, wherein the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times after human urine is fermented.
The fermented human urine is used for preparing a planting matrix, and the fermented urine is diluted to serve as a nutrient solution applied by subsequent management, so that the dendrobium candidum plant can be promoted to absorb mineral substances, and the content of trace elements in dendrobium candidum is improved, thereby improving the medicinal value.
More preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, the planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
More preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, in the step 1), after opening the bottle mouth, the dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Xian is cultured for 10 days under red and blue light, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: blue light irradiates for 8 hours, red light irradiates for 4 hours, and darkness for 12 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. The seedling hardening stage before the bottle removal of the tissue culture seedlings adopts red and blue light for alternate culture, can internally regulate growth metabolism, promote seedling development, strengthen the adaptive capacity of seedling growth, and further improve the field fixed planting survival rate of dendrobium candidum seedlings.
More preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, after the tissue culture seedlings are removed from the bottle and before transplanting the domesticated seedlings, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings are placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an induction liquid for 2-3 days, the tissue culture seedlings are placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the induction liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of salicylic acid are added into each 1L of sterile water; wherein the tissue culture seedling is cultivated for 1-2 months. Before transplanting and domesticating, the tissue culture seedlings are placed in an induction liquid for treatment, under the conditions of strong light stimulation and salicylic acid protection, the far infrared ceramic powder promotes the activation of biological macromolecules in plant cells, enhances the activity of the cells, accelerates the metabolism, shortens the time for domesticating the seedlings, and simultaneously improves the field fixed planting survival rate and the trace element content of the dendrobium.
The technical scheme of the invention can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects:
the fermented fruit scales used in the following examples are all obtained by outdoor fermentation using a fermentation aid, and are specifically as follows: adding a proper amount of urea and carbendazim into the separated fruit scales, fully stirring the mixture after wetting, covering a plastic film, standing for 1 day, adding a fermentation auxiliary agent, fully stirring, piling, covering the plastic film, exposing the plastic film to the sun for 2 to 3 months at a high temperature (above 30 ℃) for about 5 days, turning over the plastic film once, spraying water during turning over, keeping the substrate moist, keeping the mass ratio of the fruit scales, urea and carbendazim to the fermentation auxiliary agent to be 10:2:1, and purchasing the fermentation auxiliary agent, wherein the fermentation auxiliary agent is an organic material decomposition agent produced by the technology development limited company of Shuanghuinong in Henan province, and the main components of the organic material decomposition agent include bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhizopus, amylase, protease, metabolites and the like.
Example 1:
a method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum comprises the following steps:
1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 12 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 3 days;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, placing the seedling raising tray in a condition that the shading degree is 60% -70%, the humidity is 40% -70% and the temperature is 15-25 ℃ for raising the seedling raising substrate for 1 month to obtain the domesticated seedling, wherein the seedling raising substrate consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1, and sterilizing and cooling the seedling raising substrate, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales;
3) The domesticated seedlings are planted on the rock wall of the dense forest under the conditions of shade, ventilation and semi-negative and semi-positive, the light is scattered under the semi-negative and semi-positive forests, the shading degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-removing transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) comprises the following steps: taking out the dendrobium stem seedling, washing off the root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 20min, taking out, airing the root moisture until the root system is slightly whitened, transplanting, and watering thoroughly.
The fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed culture substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed culture substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 3 times after fermenting, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales, uniformly mixing the fermented fruit scales with turfy soil according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix, and fermenting the fermented fruit scales to obtain the fermented fruit scales;
the method for fermenting human urine comprises the following steps: naturally fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 3 days under non-closed conditions, then performing closed fermentation for 7 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain the fermented urine.
The planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3 tissue culture seedlings.
After fixed cultivation, the nutrient solution is sprayed regularly, and the nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting human urine and diluting 5 times.
Example 2:
a method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum comprises the following steps:
1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 18 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 5 days;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, placing the seedling raising tray in a condition that the shading degree is 60% -70%, the humidity is 40% -70% and the temperature is 15-25 ℃ for raising the seedling raising substrate for 6 months to obtain the domesticated seedling, wherein the seedling raising substrate consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1, and sterilizing and cooling the seedling raising substrate;
3) The domesticated seedlings are planted on the rock wall of the dense forest under the conditions of shade, ventilation and semi-negative and semi-positive, the light is scattered under the semi-negative and semi-positive forests, the shading degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-removing transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) comprises the following steps: taking out the dendrobium stem seedling, washing off the root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 30min, taking out, airing the root moisture until the root system is slightly whitened, transplanting, and watering thoroughly.
The fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed culture substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed culture substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 5 times after fermenting, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine, standing for 7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and turf soil, and uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix;
the method for fermenting human urine comprises the following steps: naturally fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 5 days under non-closed conditions, then performing closed fermentation for 10 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain the fermented urine.
The planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 5 tissue culture seedlings.
After fixed cultivation, the nutrient solution is sprayed regularly, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 7 times after human urine fermentation.
Example 3:
a method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum comprises the following steps:
1) Putting dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 15 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 4 days;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, placing the seedling raising tray in a condition that the shading degree is 60% -70%, the humidity is 40% -70% and the temperature is 15-25 ℃ for raising the seedling raising substrate for 4 months to obtain the domesticated seedling, wherein the seedling raising substrate consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1, and sterilizing and cooling the seedling raising substrate;
3) The domesticated seedlings are planted on the rock wall of the dense forest under the conditions of shade, ventilation and semi-negative and semi-positive, the light is scattered under the semi-negative and semi-positive forests, the shading degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-removing transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) comprises the following steps: taking out the dendrobium stem seedling, washing off the root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 25min, taking out, airing the root moisture until the root system is slightly whitened, transplanting, and watering thoroughly.
The fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed culture substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed culture substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 4 times after fermenting, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine, standing for 6 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and turf soil, and uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix;
the method for fermenting human urine comprises the following steps: naturally fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 4 days under non-closed conditions, then sealing and fermenting for 8 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain the fermented urine.
The planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 4 tissue culture seedlings.
After fixed cultivation, the nutrient solution is sprayed regularly, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 6 times after human urine fermentation.
Example 4:
based on the embodiment 3, the method for planting dendrobium candidum by imitating wild comprises the following steps of: fermenting human urine in 20-30 deg.c, natural fermentation in non-sealing condition for 1 day, non-sealing fermentation with black tea fungus liquid for 3 days, sealing fermentation for 4 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the urine of the human body is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea and boiling water, leaching for 30min, filtering to remove residues, adding white granulated sugar, mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35deg.C for 15 days to obtain black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of green tea, boiling water and white granulated sugar is 1:100:10.
The rest of the procedure is as in example 3.
Example 5:
based on the embodiment 3, according to the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, in the step 1), after opening the bottle mouth, the dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Xian is cultured under red and blue light for 10 days, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: blue light irradiates for 8 hours, red light irradiates for 4 hours, and darkness for 12 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 2000lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. The rest of the procedure is as in example 3.
Example 6:
based on the method of the embodiment 3, after the tissue culture seedling is de-bottled and before transplanting the seedling, the root of the tissue culture seedling is placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an induction liquid for 3 days, the tissue culture seedling is placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the induction liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of salicylic acid are added into each 1L of sterile water. Wherein the culture period of the tissue culture seedling domestication is 1 month. The rest of the procedure is as in example 3.
Example 7:
based on the embodiment 4, according to the method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner, in the step 1), after opening the bottle mouth, the dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Xian is cultured under red and blue light for 10 days, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: blue light irradiates for 8 hours, red light irradiates for 4 hours, and darkness for 12 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 2000lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. The rest of the procedure is as in example 4.
Example 8:
based on the method of the embodiment 7, after the tissue culture seedling is de-bottled and before transplanting the seedling, the root of the tissue culture seedling is placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an induction liquid for 3 days, the tissue culture seedling is placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the induction liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of salicylic acid are added into each 1L of sterile water. Wherein the culture period of the tissue culture seedling domestication is 1 month. The rest of the procedure is as in example 7.
Comparative example 1:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, after the tissue culture seedlings are de-bottled, the tissue culture seedlings are planted on the cliff wall of the shade, the ventilation and the semi-yin and the semi-yang under the thick tree forest by a seedling bag, and the domestication and cultivation process is removed. The rest of the procedure is as in example 3.
Comparative example 2:
on the basis of example 3, the domesticated seedlings are placed in a greenhouse for planting management, and the planting management conditions in the greenhouse include: the shading degree of the greenhouse is 65%; the temperature is controlled between 15 and 25 ℃; the humidity is controlled to be 40% -70%, water is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the domesticated seedlings in the morning and afternoon in the continuous high-temperature weather, the domesticated seedlings are watered at intervals of 3-4 days, the substrate is kept moist, and the substrate used for planting in the greenhouse is the same as the fixed planting substrate in the seedling raising bag in the embodiment 3. Management prior to acclimatizing seedlings was as in example 3.
Comparative example 3:
based on example 3, the fermented scales in the tamed seedling substrate and the fixed cultivation substrate are replaced by fermented pine bark. The fermentation method of the fermented pine bark comprises the following steps: the pine bark is sterilized firstly, for example, the pine bark is boiled in boiled water for 2-3 hours, bacteria and ova in the pine bark are killed, the pine bark is fished out and put in a plastic bucket, urea solution is poured into the plastic bucket for stirring and moisturizing, then a bucket cover is covered for sealing, the pine bark is exposed to the sun for about 2-3 months, and the pine bark is turned over at intervals of 5 days, so that the pine bark can be thoroughly decomposed, and the mass ratio of the urea solution to the pine bark is 3:1.
In order to better highlight the beneficial effects of the wild-like planting method of dendrobium candidum, the inventor adopts dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings of the same source (the dendrobium candidum plants of a control group are used as the sources to cultivate the tissue culture seedlings), performs planting tests aiming at the methods of the examples and the comparative examples, selects the dendrobium candidum which grows naturally on the stone wall below the luxuriant tree in the laboratory of the Shennong's stand (accords with the conditions of the luxuriant tree of the shade, ventilation and semi-yang, scatters light below the forest, has the shade of 50% -70% and the humidity of 50% -80%, uses 30 culture flasks in each group of examples or comparative examples, counts the field planting survival rate and the harvesting yield, determines the trace element content of the dendrobium candidum, and uses the naturally grown dendrobium candidum on the stone wall of the Shennong river canyon of the Shennong stand as the control group (non-artificial planting), and the statistical results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 planting test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation time of the domesticated seedlings of comparative example 1, example 2 and example 3 is respectively 0 month, 1 month, 6 months and 4 months, the field fixed cultivation survival rates of the finally obtained dendrobium candidum are respectively 50%, 60%, 80% and 70%, and the annual output is respectively 110g/m 2 、120g/m 2 、175g/m 2 、160g/m 2 The microelements are also correspondingly different, which indicates that the cultivation time of the tamarind seedlings has great influence on the growth of the dendrobium nobile seedlings after field fixed planting, but the tamarind seedlings are too long, the planting management labor capacity and the production cost are increased, and the annual yield is also reduced. Example 4 compared with example 3, the use of human urine prepared by fermentation of black tea fungus in a stationary culture medium and a nutrient solution, as can be seen from examples 3 and 4, the formulation of example 4The method has the advantages that the trace element content in the dendrobium candidum is obviously increased, the field fixed planting survival rate and the annual output are slightly increased, the method shows that the fermented human urine is used for preparing a planting matrix, and the fermented urine is diluted to be used as a nutrient solution applied by subsequent management, so that the dendrobium candidum plant can be promoted to absorb mineral substances, the trace element content in the dendrobium candidum is improved, and the medicinal value is improved.
Compared with the planting method of the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 7, the planting method of the embodiment 4 has more red and blue light alternate culture stages, and as can be seen from the table 1, the seedling hardening stage before the bottle removal of the tissue culture seedlings adopts the red and blue light alternate culture, so that the field fixed planting survival rate and the annual yield of the dendrobium nobile seedlings are obviously improved, and trace elements are slightly increased.
Compared with the planting methods of the embodiment 6 and the embodiment 8 and the embodiment 7, the embodiment 6 has more induction liquid treatment processes, the tissue culture seedling domestication cultivation of the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 7 is 4 months, the tissue culture seedling domestication cultivation of the embodiment 6 and the embodiment 8 is 1 month, and as can be seen from the table 1, the tissue culture seedlings are placed in the induction liquid for treatment before transplanting and domestication, so that the seedling domestication time can be shortened, the field fixed planting survival rate, the annual yield and the trace element content of the dendrobium candidum can be improved, the induction liquid treatment process has great influence on the field growth of the dendrobium candidum, and the planting time and the production labor and the cost are greatly reduced for planting the dendrobium candidum.
Example 3 is a field planting method of the present invention, and comparative example 2 is a greenhouse planting method, as can be seen from table 1, the fixed planting survival rate and annual yield of the dendrobium candidum in comparative example 2 are slightly higher, the content of trace elements in the dendrobium candidum planted in the field is slightly higher, but the field planting cost is lower than the greenhouse planting cost, and the quality safety problems of pesticide residue, reduced efficacy quality, etc. existing in the greenhouse planting process are avoided, so that the method for planting the dendrobium candidum imitating the wild planting of the present invention is better.
Example 3 is different from comparative example 3 in that the raw materials of the domesticated seedling substrate and the fixed planting substrate are replaced by fermented pine bark by fermented fruit scales, and as can be seen from table 1, the field fixed planting survival rate and annual yield of the dendrobium candidum obtained by using the fermented fruit scales are higher, and the content of trace elements is correspondingly increased, so that compared with the pine bark commonly used for substrate preparation, the fermented fruit scales are more suitable for planting the dendrobium candidum.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the use of the description and embodiments, it is well suited to various fields of use for the invention, and further modifications may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the particular details without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The method for planting dendrobium candidum in a wild-like manner is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Placing dendrobium stem tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture flask into a condition of shading degree of 55% -65%, humidity of 40% -70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening off, closing the flask for hardening off for 12-18 days, opening a bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off for 3-5 days;
2) Removing the bottle of the tissue culture seedling, taking out, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling raising substrate, and raising the seedling raising tray for 1-2 months under the conditions of a shading degree of 60% -70%, a humidity of 40% -70% and a temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain a domesticated seedling;
3) Fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on stone walls of a field planting field through seedling bags; the field planting field is a wall of rock for the shade and wet, ventilation and half-yin and half-yang under a dense tree;
the fixed planting process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: placing the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, placing domesticated seedlings, adding the fixed planting substrate, lightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to enable the root system of the tissue culture seedling to be stretched and compacted, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose domesticated seedling leaves, and nailing the non-woven fabrics onto stone walls;
the preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine with water for 3-5 times after fermentation, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and turf soil, uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed cultivation matrix, and fermenting the fermented fruit scales to obtain the fruit scales;
the method for fermenting human urine comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 1 day under non-closed conditions, adding black tea fungus liquid, non-closed fermenting for 2-3 days, closed fermenting for 3-4 days, filtering, and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the urine of the human body is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea leaves and boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove residues, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea leaves, the boiling water and the white granulated sugar is 1:100:10;
opening the bottle mouth in the step 1), and then placing dendrobium candidum tissue culture Miao Xian in red and blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then continuing seedling hardening, wherein the red and blue light culturing conditions are as follows: firstly, blue light irradiates for 8 hours, then red light irradiates for 4 hours, then darkness for 12 hours, and alternately turns, wherein the irradiation intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃;
after the tissue culture seedling is de-bottled and before the seedling domestication is transplanted, the root of the tissue culture seedling is placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an induction liquid for 2-3 days, the tissue culture seedling is placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the induction liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of salicylic acid are added into each 1L of sterile water.
2. The method for wild-like planting of dendrobium chrysanthum according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium stem seedling, washing off the root agar, soaking in carbendazim solution for 20-30 min, fishing out, airing the root moisture until the root system is slightly whitened, transplanting, and watering thoroughly.
3. The method for wild-like planting of dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the seedling-training matrix is composed of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the seedling-training matrix is used after sterilization and cooling, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting fruit scales.
4. The method for wild-like planting of dendrobium chrysanthum according to claim 1, wherein the planting quantity of the non-woven seedling bags on the rock surface is 5 x 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
5. The method for wild-like planting of dendrobium candidum of claim 1, wherein after fixed planting, the nutrient solution is sprayed periodically, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times after fermenting human urine.
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