CN115176688A - Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojima - Google Patents
Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojima Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojimi, which comprises the following steps: 1) Placing the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the natural light conditions of 55-65% of shade degree, 40-70% of humidity and 20-25 ℃ for hardening seedlings, closing the bottle and hardening the seedlings for 12-18 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening the seedlings for 3-5 days; 2) Removing the tissue culture seedlings from bottles, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, and domesticating the tissue culture seedlings and cultivating the tissue culture seedlings for 1-6 months under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain domesticated seedlings; 3) And (4) fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on the stone wall of a field planting field through seedling raising bags. The wild-simulated planting method of the dendrobium kojim improves the field planting yield and the medicinal value of the dendrobium kojim.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting. More specifically, the invention relates to a wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium kojima.
Background
The plant height of the epiphytic herbaceous plant is 4-10cm, the stem is cylindrical, the epiphytic herbaceous plant is slightly bent in a zigzag manner, the epiphytic herbaceous plant has a plurality of sections and 2-4 leaves, the epiphytic herbaceous plant is grown on the upper part of the stem, the epiphytic herbaceous plant is close to the leatheroid, 1-2 flowers are formed, the lower parts of petals are yellow green, the upper parts of the petals are close to light purple, the labial petals are light yellow, and the edge of the tip is light purple. The Dendrobium kojiense is mainly produced in Shennongjia, sichuan Ganluo and other places in Hubei province and is produced on mountain valley rocks with the elevation of 1200-2000 m. The dendrobium kojikui is used as a medicine by stems and has the functions of nourishing yin and tonifying yang, tonifying heart and producing blood and nourishing liver and kidney. The dendrobium kojima also has extremely high ornamental value, elegant flower appearance, exquisite and lovely appearance, bright color and fragrant smell, is liked to one of four ornamental foreign flowers, and can be used as a cut flower and a pot plant for ornamental.
The dendrobium kojimi grows in gaps between cliff stones which are rare to people and are surrounded by cloud and mist and on ancient trees, the distribution range is narrow, the population quantity is rare, and the dendrobium kojimi has high medicinal value and extremely high ornamental value. The dendrobium kojim is originally scarce in the Shennong shelf, and has medicinal and ornamental values, so that the population quantity of wild dendrobium nobile is gradually reduced in the Shennong shelf and is positioned at the extinct edge. Due to the fact that dendrobium kojim is difficult to breed under natural conditions and low in reproduction rate, great achievement is achieved in the aspect of tissue culture seedling breeding of dendrobium kojim, however, if tissue culture seedlings are directly planted in a greenhouse, the natural growth rule of the seedlings is violated, a large amount of pesticides and various chemical additives are often used for solving the problems of plant diseases and insect pests and yield in the planting process, and the quality of dendrobium kojim is poor, and the problems of pesticide residues, excessive heavy metals, poor pesticide effect and the like can be caused.
Therefore, in order to effectively restore the wild population, relieve the pressure of asking for the dendrobium candidum to the nature and ensure the utility quality of the dendrobium candidum, a method imitating wild planting is inevitably explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium kojimi, which can improve the field planting yield and medicinal value of dendrobium kojimi.
In order to realize the aim and other advantages of the invention, the invention provides a method for planting dendrobium kohlrabi in a wild imitation manner, which comprises the following steps:
1) Hardening off the dendrobium kojimi tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shading degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃, firstly closing the bottle and hardening off the seedlings for 12-18 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening off the seedlings for 3-5 days;
2) Removing the tissue culture seedlings from bottles, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, and domesticating the tissue culture seedlings and cultivating the tissue culture seedlings for 1-6 months under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain domesticated seedlings;
3) And fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on the stone wall of a field planting field through seedling bags.
Preferably, in the method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojimi, the specific process of the bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, washing off root agar, putting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings into a carbendazim solution, soaking for 20-30 min, taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, airing the water of roots until the roots are slightly white, then transplanting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, and watering thoroughly.
Preferably, the seedling-domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4.
Preferably, in the wild planting method of dendrobium kojima, the field planting field is a rock wall with humid shade, ventilation and semi-yin and semi-yang under dense trees;
the process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root system of the tissue culture seedling, shearing off redundant non-woven fabric to expose leaves of the domesticated seedling, and nailing the non-woven fabric onto a stone wall.
Preferably, the method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojima comprises the following steps: diluting the human urine by 3-5 times with water after fermentation, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and mixing with turfy soil uniformly according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed planting matrix, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium kohlrabi in imitating wild mode comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 1 day under an unsealed condition, adding black tea fungus liquid, fermenting for 2-3 days in an unsealed condition, fermenting for 3-4 days in a sealed condition, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the human urine is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea leaves with boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove slag, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea leaves, the boiling water and the white granulated sugar is 1.
Preferably, in the wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium kojimi, the planting number of the non-woven seedling raising bag seedlings on the rock surface is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium kojima in an imitated wild way comprises the step of regularly spraying nutrient solution after fixed planting, wherein the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times of human urine after fermentation.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium kojim in an imitation wild manner, after the bottle mouth is opened in step 1), the dendrobium kojim tissue culture seedlings are firstly placed under red and blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: the blue light illumination is carried out for 8 hours, then the red light illumination is carried out for 4 hours, then the darkness is carried out for 12 hours, the alternation is carried out in sequence, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Preferably, after the tissue culture seedlings are taken off the bottles and before the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and domesticated, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings are placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an inducing liquid for treatment for 2-3 days, the tissue culture seedlings are placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the inducing liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of the far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of the salicylic acid are added into each 1L of the sterile water; wherein the tissue culture seedling domesticating and culturing are carried out for 1-2 months.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) The tissue culture seedlings are placed in a seedling domestication matrix for domestication and cultivation and then fixedly planted on the stone wall of a field planting field, so that the field planting survival rate of the tissue culture seedlings of the dendrobium kojikum can be improved, and the yield of the dendrobium kojikum can be improved;
(2) Preparing a culture medium by using the fermented human urine, and diluting the fermented urine to be used as a nutrient solution applied in subsequent management, so that the dendrobium kojimi plants can be promoted to absorb mineral substances, the content of trace elements in the dendrobium kojimi is increased, and the medicinal value is increased;
(3) In the hardening stage before the tissue culture seedlings are taken off bottles, red and blue light alternate culture is adopted, so that the growth and metabolism can be adjusted from the inside, the seedling development is promoted, and the seedling growth adaptive capacity is enhanced, thereby improving the field fixed planting survival rate of the dendrobium kojiense seedlings;
(4) Before transplanting and domesticating, the tissue culture seedlings are placed in an inducing liquid for treatment, under the strong light stimulation and the salicylic acid protection, the far infrared ceramic powder promotes the activation of biomacromolecules in plant cells, enhances the cell activity, accelerates the metabolism, shortens the seedling domesticating time, and simultaneously improves the field fixed planting survival rate and the microelement content of the dendrobium kojikuei.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It is to be noted that the experimental procedures described in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional procedures and the reagents and materials described therein are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available.
A wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojima comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shade degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening, firstly closing the bottle for hardening for 12-18 days, opening a bottle opening, continuing hardening for 3-5 days, and selecting the tissue culture seedlings without diseases, mould, rootstock and mechanical damage;
2) Removing the tissue culture seedlings from bottles, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, and placing the tissue culture seedlings in the seedling raising tray under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ for domesticating the seedlings for 1-6 months to obtain domesticated seedlings; the seedling domesticating matrix can be prepared by mixing fermented pine bark or fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite in a certain proportion, preferably fermented fruit scales, sterilizing under high pressure for 30min or exposing at high temperature for 3-5 days before use, and cooling for use.
3) And (4) fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on the stone wall of a field planting field through seedling raising bags. The hardening and domesticating of the seedlings can be carried out under outdoor natural light or under greenhouse conditions.
Preferably, the method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojimi comprises the following specific processes of bottle removal and transplantation of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2): taking out dendrobium kojima seedlings, washing off root agar, placing the dendrobium kojima seedlings in a carbendazim solution for soaking for 20-30 min, taking out the dendrobium kojima seedlings, airing root water, transplanting the dendrobium kojima seedlings until root systems are slightly whitened, loading 2/3 domestication substrates into each grid in a seedling tray during transplanting, placing the aired tissue culture seedlings in the seedling tray, covering a layer of domestication substrates on the upper parts of the seedlings, lightly compacting the seedlings, and completely watering the seedlings after the whole seedling tray is full of seedlings.
Preferably, the seedling-domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4. The fruit scales refer to the seed scales of the pinus armandi, the pinus armandi cones naturally fall on the ground after being matured in 10-11 months, the pinus armandi cones are collected and put into a gunny bag, and the pinus armandi is beaten by a stick to obtain the separated seed scales. The fruit scales are uniform in size and shape, have the functions of draining water and ventilating, are rich in organic matter content, and are very suitable for domestication substrates of aerial root plants such as dendrobium. Before use, the fruit scale is fermented to remove substances harmful to plant growth, such as resin, cellulose, lignin, carbolic acid, tannic acid and the like. The method for fermenting the fruit scales uses a fermentation auxiliary agent for outdoor fermentation, and comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of urea and carbendazim into the separated fruit scale, fully stirring after drenching, covering a plastic film, standing for 1 day, then adding a fermentation aid, fully stirring, piling up, covering the plastic film, insolating at high temperature for 2-3 months, turning over once in 5 days, spraying water during turning over, keeping the substrate wet, wherein the mass ratio of the fruit scale, the urea and the carbendazim is 10.
Preferably, the wild planting method of dendrobium kojikum includes that a field planting field is a rock wall which is under dense trees and is humid in shade (humidity is 50% -80%), ventilated and semi-yin and semi-yang (semi-yin and semi-yang means scattering light under trees and shading degree is 50% -70%), and weeds and dead branches on the rock wall are cleaned before transplanting.
The process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root system of the tissue culture seedling, shearing off redundant non-woven fabric to expose leaves of the domesticated seedling, and nailing the non-woven fabric onto a stone wall.
Preferably, the method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojima comprises the following steps: diluting human urine by 3-5 times with water after fermentation, placing fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and uniformly mixing with turfy soil according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed planting matrix, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales, and the method is the same as the method; wherein the human urine can be naturally fermented for 10-15 days for treatment, for example: the human urine is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for natural fermentation, the natural fermentation is carried out for 3-5 days under the non-closed condition, then the closed fermentation is carried out for 7-10 days, and the fermented urine is obtained after the filtration and the sterilization. Preferably, the method for fermenting the human urine comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 1 day under an unsealed condition, adding black tea fungus liquid, fermenting for 2-3 days in an unsealed condition, fermenting for 3-4 days in a sealed condition, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the human urine is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea leaves with boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove slag, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea leaves, the boiling water and the white granulated sugar is 1.
Preferably, the method for planting dendrobium kojima in an imitation wild way is characterized in that after fixed planting, nutrient solution is regularly sprayed, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times of human urine after fermentation.
The culture medium is prepared by using the fermented human urine, and the fermented urine is diluted to be used as nutrient solution applied in subsequent management, so that the dendrobium kojimi plants can be promoted to absorb mineral substances, the content of trace elements in the dendrobium kojimi is increased, and the medicinal value is increased.
Preferably, in the wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium kojimi, the planting number of the non-woven seedling raising bag seedlings on the rock surface is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
Preferably, in the method for planting dendrobium kojima in an imitation wild manner, after the bottle mouth is opened in step 1), the dendrobium kojima tissue culture seedlings are firstly placed under red blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red blue light culture conditions are as follows: the blue light illumination is carried out for 8 hours, then the red light illumination is carried out for 4 hours, then the darkness is carried out for 12 hours, the alternation is carried out in sequence, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. In the hardening-seedling stage before the tissue culture seedlings are taken off the bottles, red and blue light alternate culture is adopted, so that the growth metabolism can be adjusted from the inside, the seedling development is promoted, and the seedling growth adaptive capacity is enhanced, thereby improving the field fixed planting survival rate of the dendrobium kojimi seedlings.
Preferably, after the tissue culture seedlings are taken off the bottle and before the seedlings are transplanted and domesticated, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings are placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an inducing liquid for treatment for 2-3 days, the tissue culture seedlings are placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, the inducing liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of the far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of the salicylic acid are added into 1L of the sterile water; wherein the tissue culture seedling domesticating and culturing are carried out for 1-2 months. Before transplanting and domesticating, the tissue culture seedlings are placed in an inducing liquid for treatment, under the strong light stimulation and the salicylic acid protection, the far infrared ceramic powder promotes the activation of biomacromolecules in plant cells, enhances the cell activity, accelerates the metabolism, shortens the seedling domesticating time, and simultaneously improves the field fixed planting survival rate and the microelement content of the dendrobium kojikuei.
The technical scheme of the invention can also comprise the following technical details to better realize the technical effect:
the fermented fruit scales used in the following examples are obtained by performing outdoor fermentation using a fermentation aid, specifically as follows: adding proper amount of urea and carbendazim into the separated fruit scale, fully stirring after drenching, covering a plastic film, standing for 1 day, then adding a fermentation aid, fully stirring, piling up, covering the plastic film, insolating for 2-3 months at high temperature (above 30 ℃), turning once about 5 days, spraying water during turning, keeping the matrix wet, wherein the mass ratio of the fruit scale, the urea and the carbendazim is 10.
Example 1:
a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojimi comprises the following steps:
1) Putting the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shading degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening, firstly closing the bottle and hardening for 12 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening for 3 days;
2) Removing bottles from tissue culture seedlings, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, placing the seedling domesticating tray under the conditions that the shading degree is 60-70%, the humidity is 40-70%, and the temperature is 15-25 ℃ for culturing for 1 month to obtain domesticated seedlings, wherein the seedling domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4;
3) The domesticated seedlings are fixedly planted on the rock wall of the shade-wet, ventilated and semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree through the seedling raising bags, the semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree scatter light, the shade degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, washing off root agar, putting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings into a carbendazim solution, soaking for 20min, taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, airing root water, transplanting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings until the root systems are slightly white, and watering the dendrobium kojikum seedlings thoroughly.
The process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root system of the tissue culture seedling, shearing off redundant non-woven fabric to expose leaves of the domesticated seedling, and nailing the non-woven fabric onto a stone wall.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine by 3 times with water after fermentation, placing fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales, uniformly mixing the fermented fruit scales with turfy soil according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed planting matrix, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales;
the method for fermenting the human urine comprises the following steps: placing human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃ for natural fermentation, firstly performing natural fermentation for 3 days under non-closed conditions, then performing closed fermentation for 7 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain the fermented urine.
The planting number of the non-woven seedling raising bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3 tissue culture seedlings.
After the fixed planting, nutrient solution is regularly sprayed, and the nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting human urine and then diluting by 5 times.
Example 2:
a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojima comprises the following steps:
1) Putting the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shade degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening, firstly closing the bottle and hardening for 18 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening for 5 days;
2) Removing bottles from tissue culture seedlings, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, placing the seedling domesticating tray under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ for culturing for 6 months to obtain domesticated seedlings, wherein the seedling domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4;
3) The domesticated seedlings are fixedly planted on the rock wall of the shade-wet, ventilated and semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree through the seedling raising bags, the semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree scatter light, the shade degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, washing off root agar, putting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings into a carbendazim solution, soaking for 30min, taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, airing root water, transplanting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings until the root systems are slightly white, and watering thoroughly.
The process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root system of the tissue culture seedling, shearing off redundant non-woven fabric to expose leaves of the domesticated seedling, and nailing the non-woven fabric onto a stone wall.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting the fermented human urine by 5 times with water, standing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for 7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales, and uniformly mixing the fermented fruit scales with turfy soil according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed planting matrix;
the method for fermenting the human urine comprises the following steps: the human urine is placed in an environment of 20-30 ℃ for natural fermentation, the natural fermentation is firstly carried out for 5 days under the non-closed condition, then the closed fermentation is carried out for 10 days, and the fermented urine is obtained after the filtration and the sterilization.
The planting number of the non-woven seedling raising bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 5 tissue culture seedlings.
After the fixed planting, nutrient solution is regularly sprayed, and the nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting human urine and then diluting by 7 times.
Example 3:
a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium kojima comprises the following steps:
1) Putting the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shade degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening, firstly closing the bottle and hardening for 15 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening for 4 days;
2) Removing bottles from tissue culture seedlings, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, placing the seedling domesticating tray under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ for culturing for 4 months to obtain domesticated seedlings, wherein the seedling domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4;
3) The domesticated seedlings are fixedly planted on the rock wall of the shade-wet, ventilated and semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree through the seedling raising bags, the semi-shade and semi-sun under the dense tree scatter light, the shade degree is 50% -70%, and the humidity is 50% -80%.
The specific process of the bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, washing off root agar, placing the dendrobium kojikum seedlings in a carbendazim solution for soaking for 25min, taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, airing root water until the root systems are slightly white, then transplanting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, and watering the dendrobium kojikum seedlings thoroughly.
The process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting the fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting the domesticated seedling, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root system of the tissue culture seedling, shearing off redundant non-woven fabric to expose leaves of the domesticated seedling, and nailing the non-woven fabric onto a stone wall.
The preparation method of the fixed planting matrix comprises the following steps: diluting human urine by 4 times with water after fermentation, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 6 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales, uniformly mixing the fermented fruit scales with turfy soil according to the mass ratio of 5:1, and obtaining a fixed planting matrix;
the method for fermenting the human urine comprises the following steps: the human urine is placed in an environment of 20-30 ℃ for natural fermentation, the natural fermentation is firstly carried out for 4 days under the non-closed condition, then the closed fermentation is carried out for 8 days, and the fermented urine is obtained after the filtration and the sterilization.
The planting number of the non-woven seedling bag seedlings on the surface of the rock is 5 multiplied by 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 4 tissue culture seedlings.
After the fixed planting, nutrient solution is regularly sprayed, and the nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting human urine and then diluting by 6 times.
Example 4:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, the method for planting dendrobium kojim in a wild-imitating way comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine at 20-30 deg.c for 1 day, adding black tea fungus liquid for 3 days, sealed fermenting for 4 days, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the human urine is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea leaves with boiling water, leaching for 30min, filtering to remove residues, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea leaves, the boiling water and the white granulated sugar is 1.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 3.
Example 5:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, the method for planting dendrobium kojim in an imitation wild way comprises the steps of 1) opening a bottle mouth, putting the dendrobium kojim tissue culture seedling under red and blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then continuing to harden the seedling, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: the blue light illumination is carried out for 8 hours, then the red light illumination is carried out for 4 hours, then the darkness is carried out for 12 hours, the steps are sequentially alternated, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 3.
Example 6:
on the basis of embodiment 3, the method for planting dendrobium candidum in an imitated wild way comprises the steps of placing the root of a tissue culture seedling in a glass culture bottle filled with an inducing liquid for 3 days after the tissue culture seedling is taken off the bottle and before the tissue culture seedling is transplanted and domesticated, placing the tissue culture seedling under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, wherein the inducing liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of the far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of the salicylic acid are added into 1L of the sterile water. Wherein the period of tissue culture seedling domestication and cultivation is 1 month. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 3.
Example 7:
on the basis of the embodiment 4, the method for planting dendrobium kojim in an imitation wild way comprises the steps of 1) opening a bottle mouth, putting the dendrobium kojim tissue culture seedling under red and blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then continuing to harden the seedling, wherein the red and blue light culture conditions are as follows: the blue light illumination is carried out for 8 hours, then the red light illumination is carried out for 4 hours, then the darkness is carried out for 12 hours, the steps are alternated in sequence, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Example 8:
on the basis of the embodiment 7, the method for planting dendrobium candidum in an imitated wild way comprises the steps of placing the root of a tissue culture seedling in a glass culture bottle filled with an inducing liquid for 3 days after the tissue culture seedling is taken off the bottle and before the tissue culture seedling is transplanted and domesticated, placing the tissue culture seedling under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, wherein the inducing liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of the far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of the salicylic acid are added into 1L of the sterile water. Wherein the period of tissue culture seedling domestication and cultivation is 1 month. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 7.
Comparative example 1:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, the tissue culture seedlings are subjected to bottle removal and then are fixedly planted on the rock wall of the dense tree in the shade, the ventilation and the semi-shade and semi-positive mode through the seedling raising bag, and the domestication and cultivation process is removed. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, domesticated seedlings are placed in a greenhouse for planting management, and planting management conditions in the greenhouse comprise: the shade degree of the greenhouse is 65 percent; controlling the temperature to be 15-25 ℃; the humidity is controlled to be 40% -70%, water is sprayed to leaves of the domesticated seedlings every morning and afternoon in continuous high-temperature weather, the domesticated seedlings are watered at intervals of 3-4 days, the substrate is kept moist, and the substrate used for planting in the greenhouse is the same as the substrate used for fixed planting in the seedling raising bag in the embodiment 3. Management before acclimation of seedlings was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, the fermented fruit scales in the seedling-domesticating matrix and the fixed planting matrix are replaced by fermented pine barks. The fermentation method of the fermented pine bark comprises the following steps: the pine bark is sterilized, for example, the pine bark is boiled in boiled water for 2 to 3 hours to kill bacteria and worm eggs in the pine bark, the pine bark is taken out and placed in a plastic barrel, then urea solution is poured into the plastic barrel to be stirred and moisturized, then the plastic barrel is covered with the barrel cover to be sealed, the pine bark is exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 months, the stirring is carried out at intervals of 5 days, the pine bark can be completely decomposed, and the mass ratio of the urea solution to the pine bark is 3:1.
In order to better highlight the beneficial effects of the wild-simulated planting method of dendrobium kojima, the inventor adopts dendrobium kojima tissue culture seedlings from the same source (the dendrobium kojima plants of a control group are used as the source for cultivating the tissue culture seedlings), carries out planting tests aiming at the embodiment and the method of proportion, selects the stone wall under the dense forest beside the laboratory of the Guangmoshan mountain of Shennong frame (meeting the conditions of the dense forest, such as overcast, ventilation, semiyin and semiyang, under-forest scattered light, shade degree of 50% -70%, humidity of 50% -80%), uses 30 culture bottles in each group of embodiment or proportion, counts the field planting survival rate and the yield of dendrobium kojima, determines the content of trace elements of the dendrobium kojima, takes the naturally grown dendrobium kojima on the wall of the Yinyuhe river cango stone of Shennong frame as the control group (non-artificial planting), and the statistical results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 planting test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the seedling domestication cultivation time of the comparative example 1, the example 2 and the example 3 is 0 month, 1 month, 6 months and 4 months respectively, and the field fixed cultivation survival rate of the dendrobium aspergillum finally obtained is 5 months respectively0%, 60%, 80%, 70%, and annual output of 110g/m 2 、120g/m 2 、175g/m 2 、160g/m 2 The trace elements are correspondingly different, which shows that the time for domesticating the seedlings greatly influences the growth of the dendrobium kojiense seedlings after field fixed planting, but the time for domesticating the seedlings is too long, so that the planting management labor amount and the production cost are increased, and the annual yield is also reduced. Example 4 compared with example 3, human urine prepared by fermenting black tea fungus is used, and the human urine is used in a stationary culture substrate and a nutrient solution, and it can be seen from examples 3 and 4 that the content of trace elements in dendrobium kojim obtained by the method of example 4 is obviously increased, the field stationary culture survival rate and the annual yield are also slightly increased, which indicates that the culture substrate is prepared by using the fermented human urine, and the fermented urine is diluted to be used as the nutrient solution applied in subsequent management, so that the mineral absorption of the dendrobium kojim plant by the mineral substances can be promoted, the content of the trace elements in the dendrobium kojim plant can be increased, and the medicinal value can be increased.
In example 5, compared with example 3 and example 7, the planting method of example 4 has more red and blue light alternate culture stages, and as can be seen from table 1, the red and blue light alternate culture is adopted in the seedling hardening stage before the tissue culture seedlings are taken off the bottles, so that the field planting survival rate and the annual yield of the dendrobium kojiense seedlings are obviously improved, and the trace elements are slightly increased.
Example 6 compares with example 3, 8 compares with example 7 planting method has had more inducing liquid treatment process, and example 3 compares with example 7 tissue culture seedling domestication cultivates to 4 months, and example 6 compares with example 8 tissue culture seedling domestication cultivates to 1 month, can see from table 1 that before transplanting domestication, placing the tissue culture seedling in inducing liquid and handling, can shorten domestication time, improve bent stem dendrobium stem field and decide survival rate, annual output and microelement content simultaneously, show that the process of inducing liquid treatment has a big influence to bent stem dendrobium stem field growth, for planting bent stem dendrobium stem, greatly shortened planting time, reduced production amount of labour and cost.
The embodiment 3 is the field planting method of the invention, the comparative example 2 is a greenhouse planting method, and as can be seen from table 1, the fixed planting survival rate and the annual output of the dendrobium candidum in the comparative example 2 are slightly higher, the trace element content in the dendrobium candidum planted in the field is slightly higher, but the field planting cost is lower than the greenhouse planting cost, and the quality safety problems of pesticide residue, pesticide effect quality reduction and the like in the greenhouse planting process are avoided, so the wild-simulated planting method of the dendrobium candidum is better.
The difference between the example 3 and the comparative example 3 lies in that the raw materials of the seedling-domesticating matrix and the fixed planting matrix are replaced by fermented fruit scales and fermented pine bark, as can be seen from table 1, the field fixed planting survival rate and the annual yield of the dendrobium candidum obtained by planting the dendrobium candidum by using the fermented fruit scales are higher, and the content of trace elements is correspondingly increased, which indicates that the fermented fruit scales are more suitable for planting the dendrobium candidum than the pine bark commonly used for matrix preparation.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojima is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Putting the dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings loaded in a glass culture bottle under the conditions of shade degree of 55-65%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 20-25 ℃ for hardening, firstly closing the bottle and hardening the seedlings for 12-18 days, opening the bottle mouth, and continuing hardening the seedlings for 3-5 days;
2) Removing the tissue culture seedlings from bottles, taking out the tissue culture seedlings, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a seedling raising tray filled with a seedling domesticating matrix, and placing the tissue culture seedlings in the seedling raising tray under the conditions of shading degree of 60-70%, humidity of 40-70% and temperature of 15-25 ℃ for domesticating the seedlings for 1-6 months to obtain domesticated seedlings;
3) And (4) fixedly planting the domesticated seedlings on the stone wall of a field planting field through seedling raising bags.
2. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojim according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of bottle-off transplanting of the tissue culture seedlings in the step 2) is as follows: taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, washing off root agar, putting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings into a carbendazim solution, soaking for 20-30 min, taking out the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, airing the water of roots until the roots are slightly white, then transplanting the dendrobium kojikum seedlings, and watering thoroughly.
3. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kohlrabi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling-domesticating matrix consists of fermented fruit scales, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 4.
4. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojima according to claim 1, wherein the field planting field is a rock wall under dense trees with shady, humid, ventilated and semi-shady and semi-sunny areas;
the process of the fixed planting in the step 3) is as follows: putting a fixed planting substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, putting domesticated seedlings, adding the fixed planting substrate, slightly shaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag to stretch and compact the root systems of the tissue culture seedlings, shearing off redundant non-woven fabrics to expose leaves of the domesticated seedlings, and then nailing the non-woven fabrics onto the stone wall.
5. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kohlrabi as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the fixed planting substrate comprises the following steps: diluting the human urine by 3-5 times with water after fermentation, placing the fermented fruit scales in the diluted fermented urine for standing for 5-7 days, taking out the fermented fruit scales and mixing with turfy soil uniformly according to the mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fixed planting matrix, wherein the fermented fruit scales are obtained by fermenting the fruit scales.
6. The method for planting dendrobium kohlrabi in imitating wild condition according to claim 5, wherein the method for fermenting human urine comprises the following steps: fermenting human urine in an environment of 20-30 ℃, naturally fermenting for 1 day under an unsealed condition, adding black tea fungus liquid, fermenting for 2-3 days in an unsealed condition, fermenting for 3-4 days in a sealed condition, filtering and sterilizing to obtain fermented urine; the volume ratio of the black tea fungus liquid to the human urine is 1:5, and the preparation method of the black tea fungus liquid comprises the following steps: mixing green tea leaves with boiling water, leaching for 20-30 min, filtering to remove slag, adding white granulated sugar, uniformly mixing, dissolving, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating black tea fungus according to the inoculation amount of 8-10%, placing in a fermentation container, sealing with gauze, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a black tea fungus liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the green tea leaves, the boiling water and the white granulated sugar is 1.
7. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kohlrabi as claimed in claim 4, wherein the planting number of the non-woven seedling-raising bag seedlings on the rock surface is 5 x 5 clusters per square meter, and each cluster is 3-5 tissue culture seedlings.
8. The method for planting dendrobium kohlrabi in imitating wild conditions according to claim 5, wherein after the fixed planting, nutrient solution is sprayed periodically, and the nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 5-7 times of the fermented human urine.
9. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojim according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step 1), after the bottle mouth is opened, the tissue culture seedlings of dendrobium kojim are firstly placed under red blue light for culturing for 10 days, and then seedling hardening is continued, wherein the red blue light culture conditions are as follows: the blue light illumination is carried out for 8 hours, then the red light illumination is carried out for 4 hours, then the darkness is carried out for 12 hours, the alternation is carried out in sequence, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃.
10. The method for imitating wild planting of dendrobium kojima according to claim 9, wherein after the tissue culture seedling is taken off the bottle and before the tissue culture seedling is transplanted and domesticated, the root of the tissue culture seedling is placed in a glass culture bottle filled with an inducing liquid for treatment for 2-3 days, and the tissue culture seedling is placed under white light with the illumination intensity of 5000lx, wherein the inducing liquid consists of far infrared ceramic powder, salicylic acid and sterile water, and 1g of the far infrared ceramic powder and 1.5mg of the salicylic acid are added into each 1L of the sterile water; wherein the tissue culture seedling domestication cultivation is carried out for 1-2 months.
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