CN116034749B - Gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode - Google Patents
Gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034749B CN116034749B CN202310248007.4A CN202310248007A CN116034749B CN 116034749 B CN116034749 B CN 116034749B CN 202310248007 A CN202310248007 A CN 202310248007A CN 116034749 B CN116034749 B CN 116034749B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to a gardenia field cutting seedling raising method, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The gardenia field cutting seedling mode of the invention not only shortens the rooting period of gardenia cutting seedlings and promotes the growth of seedlings, but also realizes one-time film covering until the root system of the seedlings is mature, reduces the complicated procedure of gardenia cutting seedling, simultaneously reduces the seedling cost, and is an ideal mode of gardenia large-scale cutting seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode.
Background
Gardenia as one of traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be used as a medicine, and gardenia yellow pigment and gardenia blue pigment extracted from fruits are not available natural pigments, so that the gardenia yellow pigment and the gardenia blue pigment are widely applied to the industries of foods, medicines, daily chemical industry and cosmetics; the effective components such as crocin and geniposide in the fruits have various effects of reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation and the like, and are natural health care products pursued by people at present; the ratio of saturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid to monounsaturated fatty acid in gardenia fruit oil is close to the golden ratio of 1:1:1 proposed by the world health organization and the China society of nutrition, and the gardenia fruit oil is a high-quality novel functional edible oil. The gardenia is a precious product throughout the whole body, and has great application potential in the fields of medicine, food, agriculture and cosmetics.
Based on the wide application of the gardenia, the demand for gardenia seedlings is extremely high. Fructus Gardeniae is evergreen small shrub, often grows at most by seed, but because seed breeding germination rate is unstable, seedling production is influenced by seasons and the seedling bred by the seed is easy to mutate, the good properties of the female parent are difficult to maintain, and asexual propagation compensates for the defect. As one of asexual propagation, the stem grafting not only can maintain excellent target characters, but also does not need to consider the tedious screening and cultivation of the stock and the limitation of seasons and propagation places compared with a grafting propagation mode, and is an ideal asexual propagation way of gardenia. At present, the gardenia bar is diversified in cutting modes, but most of cutting modes need frequent film uncovering and watering at the early stage of cutting, film uncovering and film covering procedures and the like are tedious in seedling raising procedures, the rooting period is longer, and the root system is not developed enough.
In view of this, the present invention has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode, which solves the problems in the prior art, thereby simplifying seedling raising procedures, shortening the rooting period of gardenia cutting seedlings and promoting the growth of seedlings.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a gardenia field cutting seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting and preparing a cutting seedling raising place
S11: selecting a flat field with irrigation conditions as a seedling raising field, and turning over;
s12: lifting ridges around the ploughed seedling raising land; the ridge height is 30-50cm;
drain holes can be arranged around the seedling raising land after ridge lifting; preferably, each side is provided with a drain hole;
s13: filling water into the seedling raising land for 11 months or 12 months, and maintaining the water filling state until 3 months to 4 months of the next year;
s14: 3-5 days before cutting, discharging water in the seedling raising land, and airing the seedling raising land until the operation condition is met;
s15: spreading plant ash and calcium superphosphate on the seedling raising land, then ploughing and raking the seedling raising land, and ditching to make a seedling bed;
the width of the ditched ditch is 30cm, the depth is 25-30cm, and the width of the seedbed is 1.2-1.4m.
S16: building a sunshade net above the seedling bed;
s17: selecting loose field soil on site as seedling raising matrix, and crushing the field soil to fill seedling raising cups;
s18: placing the seedling cup with the substrate on a seedling bed;
s19: flooding irrigation is carried out on the seedling raising land until a seedling raising cup placed on a seedling bed is submerged, and the seedling raising cup is maintained for 3 days;
s110:3 days later, discharging water of the seedling raising land for cutting;
step S2, cutting treatment
S21: selecting annual branches which grow robustly and are free of plant diseases and insect pests in the middle and upper parts of the gardenia tree crowns as cutting slips, trimming the cut cutting slips into stem segments containing 2-3 axillary buds, and soaking the stem segments by using a rooting powder and VC mixed solution;
s22: cutting the soaked cutting slips into seedling raising cups, and compacting;
s23: spraying and sterilizing the seedbed subjected to cuttage by using carbendazim;
s24: manufacturing a film arch shed according to the size of the seedbed, and sealing and compacting the periphery of the arch shed;
and S3, managing after the transplanting, and taking out the nursery after the nursery stock grows to more than 30 cm.
Further, the application amount of the plant ash is 25-30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the superphosphate is 15-20 kg/mu.
Further, the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 85%.
Further, in step S21, the length of the stem segment is 10-15cm, and the soaking time is 3-5h.
Further, the rooting powder+VC mixed solution is a mixed solution of rooting powder and VC in water, the concentration of the rooting powder is 0.1mg/mL, and the mass concentration of the VC is 20%.
Further, the height of the film dome in step S24 is 50-60cm.
Further, the post-insertion management step is as follows:
s31: 10 days after cutting, if the temperature reaches above 28 ℃, watering the seedling raising bed, ensuring the water level not to exceed the bottom of the seedling raising cup, keeping for 48 hours, and then draining water;
s32: after cutting for 30 days, uncovering films at two ends of the film arch shed for ventilation, and irrigating water to keep the seedbed moist;
s33: after the seedlings root stably, uncovering the film arch shed, and performing full-light seedling hardening;
s34: adding biogas residues into the seedling raising land 80-90 days after cutting, wherein the application amount of the biogas residues per mu is 10 cubic meters, and the biogas residue plane exceeds the bottom of the seedling raising cup by about 10 cm;
s35: and (5) when the seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
Further, in step S33, spraying is performed during the seedling hardening process. Preferably 0.1g/L to 0.2g/L urea.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention obtains a gardenia field cutting seedling mode through long-term scientific research, which not only shortens the rooting period of gardenia cutting seedlings and promotes the growth of the seedlings, but also realizes one-time film covering until the root system of the seedlings is developed and mature, reduces the complicated procedure of gardenia cutting seedling, simultaneously reduces the seedling cost, and is an ideal mode of gardenia large-scale cutting seedling.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a comparative drawing of the 3 month cutting seedlings of example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1 (comparative example 1 on the left and example 1 on the right).
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
Example 1
The invention relates to gardenia field cutting seedling:
step one: cutting seedling land selection and preparation
(1) Selecting a flat field with small irrigation conditions, and turning and leveling the seedling raising field into a regular rectangle by using a tractor and a rotary cultivator;
(2) Lifting ridges (ridge height is 30-50 cm) around the seedling raising land so as to store water, and arranging a water outlet at each side;
(3) At 11 months or 12 months, four water outlets around are blocked, the seedling raising land is filled with water by a water pump, and the water is kept full until 3 months to 4 months of the next year;
(4) 3-5 days before cutting, 4 water outlets are opened, water in the seedling raising land is discharged, and the seedling raising land is aired to a tractor for operation;
(5) Uniformly spreading plant ash and calcium superphosphate on the seedling raising land (the application amount of the plant ash is 25-30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 15-20 kg/mu.) and then uniformly ploughing and raking the seedling raising land by using a tractor, and ditching to prepare a seedbed (the ditch width is 30cm, the depth is 25-30cm, and the seedbed width is 1.2-1.4 m);
(6) Building a sunshade according to the topography and the trend of a seedbed by using stainless steel pipes with the thickness of more than 4mm, wherein the sunshade is made of sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 85 percent, the height of the sunshade is 2m, the stainless steel pipes are fixedly connected by steel wires, and the steel wires at the two ends of the sunshade are used for penetrating the sunshade net so as to facilitate the retraction of the sunshade net;
(7) Selecting loose field soil as seedling raising matrix in situ, and crushing the field soil to fill seedling raising cups (specification is 12 x 17 cm);
(8) Uniformly and tightly placing seedling cups filled with matrixes on a seedling bed;
(9) The water outlet is blocked, water is irrigated to the seedling raising place by a water pump until the seedling raising cup placed on the seedling bed is submerged, and the seedling raising cup is kept for 3 days;
(10) And opening a water outlet after 3 days, and discharging all water on the seedling raising land for cutting.
Step two: cutting treatment
(1) Selecting annual branches growing in the middle and upper parts of gardenia crowns, which are healthy and strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, as cutting slips, trimming the cut cutting slips into stem sections with the length of 10-15cm and containing 2-3 axillary buds, and soaking for 3-5h by using a rooting powder and VC mixed solution (the concentration of the rooting powder is 0.1mg/mL and the mass concentration of the VC is 20 percent);
(2) Cutting the soaked cutting slips into seedling raising cups, and compacting by hands;
(3) Spraying and sterilizing the seedbed subjected to cuttage by using carbendazim;
(4) And (3) manufacturing a thin film small arch shed with the height of 50-60cm according to the size of the seedbed, and sealing and compacting the periphery of the arch shed by using soil.
Step three: post-plug management
(1) 10 days after cutting, if the temperature is higher, the water outlet is blocked, the water pump is used for flooding, the water surface is kept slightly lower than the bed surface of the seedbed, the bottom of the seedling cup cannot be flooded, the seedling cup is kept for 48 hours, and then the water is discharged;
(2) After 30 days of cuttage, the films at the two ends of the seedling arch shed can be uncovered for ventilation, and the seedling bed is kept moist by adopting the flood irrigation mode;
(3) After 60 days after cutting, the seedling rooting is stable, the film of the seedling raising arch shed can be uncovered, the seedling can be trained under full illumination, and meanwhile, thin foliar fertilizer (urea, 0.1g/L-0.2 g/L) can be sprayed to improve the quality of the seedling.
(4) And (3) pouring solid-liquid mixed biogas residues into the seedling raising land 80-90 days after cutting according to the topography, wherein the application amount of the biogas residues per mu is 10 cubic meters, and the depth of the biogas residues is 10cm higher than the bottom of the seedling raising cup.
(5) And (5) when the seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
Comparative example 1
Traditional gardenia field cutting seedling raising:
(1) Selecting a field with flat topography and near water source as a seedling raising field;
(2) Uniformly spreading plant ash and calcium superphosphate on the seedling raising land (the application amount of the plant ash is 25-30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 15-20 kg/mu.) and then uniformly raking the seedling raising land by a tractor, and ditching to prepare the seedling raising bed.
(3) Setting the same specifications of the seedbed in the embodiment 1, but not carrying out ridge lifting water storage, and meanwhile, not using seedling raising cups;
(4) Before cutting, watering the soil on the bed surface thoroughly with water;
(5) The cutting selection and treatment were the same as in example 1;
(6) Directly inserting the processed cuttage on a seedbed, and compacting;
(7) Spraying and sterilizing the seedbed subjected to cuttage with carbendazim;
(8) And (3) manufacturing a thin film small arch shed with the height of 50-60cm according to the size of the seedbed, and sealing and compacting the periphery of the arch shed by using soil. When the temperature exceeds 28 ℃, a layer of sunshade net is directly covered outside the arch shed, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
(9) And (3) 10 days after cutting, observing the soil humidity of the seedbed, and when water is absent, completely uncovering the seedling growing film, uniformly spraying the seedling growing surface, and covering the film and the sunshade net.
(10) The soil humidity of the bed surface is observed regularly, and the water shortage adopts the method for sprinkling water and keeping moisture.
(11) 60-90 days after cutting, after rooting of the seedlings is stable, the film of the seedling raising arch shed can be uncovered, and meanwhile, leaf fertilizer (urea, 0.1g/L-0.2 g/L) is sprayed according to the conditions of the seedlings, so that the quality of the seedlings is improved.
(12) And (5) when the seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
Results and analysis:
by periodically counting the rooting, growth and labor consumption of the seedlings in the seedling raising mode of the invention and the seedling raising mode of the comparative example (table 1), it can be seen that: the seedling raising mode has short rooting time, only needs 15-20 days, the root system of the seedling is strong and developed, meanwhile, the growth of the seedling is faster, the high growth of the seedling in 50 days can reach 15cm, the labor consumption is less, and compared with the comparative example, the rooting of the seedling can be advanced by about 10 days, and the high growth of the seedling is improved by more than 50%; the labor investment of the seedling raising area is reduced by 2-4 persons, and the seedling raising cost is greatly reduced.
TABLE 1 differential analysis of two modes of raising seedlings
As can be seen from the comparison, the gardenia cutting seedling raising mode disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of fast rooting, developed root system, fast seedling growth, simple mode procedure, easiness in operation and labor conservation, and effectively reduces the seedling raising cost.
The invention fully utilizes biogas residues, is beneficial to the growth of seedlings, and also tramples green low-carbon production.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The gardenia field cutting seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, selecting and preparing a cutting seedling raising place
S11: selecting a flat field with irrigation conditions as a seedling raising field, and turning over;
s12: lifting ridges around the ploughed seedling raising land;
s13: filling water into the seedling raising land for 11 months or 12 months, and maintaining the water filling state until 3 months to 4 months of the next year;
s14: 3-5 days before cutting, discharging water in the seedling raising land, and airing the seedling raising land until the operation condition is met;
s15: spreading plant ash and calcium superphosphate on the seedling raising land, then ploughing and raking the seedling raising land, and ditching to make a seedling bed;
s16: building a sunshade net above the seedling bed;
s17: selecting loose field soil as seedling raising matrix in situ, crushing the field soil, and filling seedling raising cups;
s18: placing the seedling cup with the substrate on a seedling bed;
s19: flooding irrigation is carried out on the seedling raising land until a seedling raising cup placed on a seedling bed is submerged, and the seedling raising cup is maintained for 3 days;
s110:3 days later, discharging water of the seedling raising land for cutting;
step S2, cutting treatment
S21: selecting annual branches which grow robustly and are free of plant diseases and insect pests in the middle and upper parts of the gardenia tree crowns as cutting slips, trimming the cut cutting slips into stem segments containing 2-3 axillary buds, and soaking the stem segments by using a rooting powder and VC mixed solution;
s22: cutting the soaked cutting slips into seedling raising cups, and compacting;
s23: spraying and sterilizing the seedbed subjected to cuttage by using carbendazim;
s24: manufacturing a film arch shed according to the size of the seedbed, and sealing and compacting the periphery of the arch shed;
and S3, managing after the transplanting, and taking out the nursery after the nursery stock grows to more than 30 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant ash is applied in an amount of 25-30 kg/mu and the superphosphate is applied in an amount of 15-20 kg/mu.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sunshade net has a sunshade rate of 85%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S21, the length of the stem segment is 10-15cm and the soaking time is 3-5h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder in the rooting powder+VC mixed solution is 0.1mg/mL, and the mass concentration of the VC is 20%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the height of the film dome in step S24 is 50-60cm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of post-insertion management is:
s31: 10 days after cutting, if the temperature reaches above 28 ℃, watering the seedling raising bed, ensuring the water level not to exceed the bottom of the seedling raising cup, keeping for 48 hours, and then draining water;
s32: after cutting for 30 days, uncovering films at two ends of the film arch shed for ventilation, and irrigating water to keep the seedbed moist;
s33: after the seedlings root stably, uncovering the film arch shed, and performing full-light seedling hardening;
s34: adding biogas residues into the seedling raising land 80-90 days after cutting, so that the biogas residue plane exceeds the bottom of the seedling raising cup;
s35: and (5) when the seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step S33, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed during the seedling hardening process.
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| CN104396510A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 徐华龙 | Field cutting seedling method for fructus gardeniae |
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| CN110337972A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-18 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of improving Yellow Fructus Gardeniae cuttage and seedling culture survival rate |
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| CN113179893A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-30 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method |
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| CN104396510A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 徐华龙 | Field cutting seedling method for fructus gardeniae |
| CN104521522A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Cuttage seedling growing method for yellow gardenia |
| CN110337972A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-18 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of improving Yellow Fructus Gardeniae cuttage and seedling culture survival rate |
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