CN113179893A - Greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method - Google Patents
Greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179893A CN113179893A CN202110492009.9A CN202110492009A CN113179893A CN 113179893 A CN113179893 A CN 113179893A CN 202110492009 A CN202110492009 A CN 202110492009A CN 113179893 A CN113179893 A CN 113179893A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005818 Picoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IBSNKSODLGJUMQ-SDNWHVSQSA-N picoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=N1 IBSNKSODLGJUMQ-SDNWHVSQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse early spring arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization; (2) modeling and ridging in the field: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm; (3) irrigating water along the furrows till the water just submerges the surfaces of the ridges; (4) applying a black film and drip irrigation, wherein the ridge surface is completely covered with a black mulching film, and drip irrigation water hoses are laid among planting lines under the film; (5) and (6) planting. The invention saves water, saves labor, slows down continuous cropping obstacles, greatly reduces the occurrence of diseases and obviously improves the yield and the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and relates to a greenhouse spring early arrowhead cultivation method.
Background
Serious continuous cropping obstacles appear after the greenhouse vegetables are planted for many years, and the most effective and quick mode is to relieve the serious continuous cropping obstacles by water (moist) dry crop rotation at present. The arrowhead serving as a high-yield and high-efficiency aquatic vegetable crop is an important option for an efficient rotation mode of the facility vegetables. The traditional arrowhead cultivation is open-field summer and autumn high-water flood irrigation type cultivation, generally planting in 4 months, harvesting in 11 months, and forming a market idle period in 6 months; in management, the whole growth period of the arrowheads needs to keep a shallow water layer of 5-7 cm in the field, and the water level in the field needs to be deepened to 8-10 cm in hot seasons. Traditional arrowhead cultivation causes serious waste of water resources and increase of production labor intensity after scale production, and the arrowhead cultivation in facility vegetable planting bases at present cannot guarantee continuous flood irrigation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cultivating arrowheads in advance by ridging and covering black films in a greenhouse for saving water and relieving continuous cropping obstacles, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention achieves the technical aim through the following technical scheme.
The improvement of a greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method is that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization;
(2) modeling in field
Ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(3) irrigation of furrow
Irrigating water along the furrows till the water just submerges the surfaces of the ridges;
(4) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering black mulching films on the ridge surfaces, and paving drip irrigation water hoses between planting lines under the films;
(5) and (6) planting.
The further improvement lies in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) management of seedling growth
Injecting water into the water bed of the seedling bed to a depth of 24-26 cm in 1 week before seedling culture;
taking thick and strong terminal buds of 195-205/kg without diseases and insects, breaking off the terminal buds from corms, putting the terminal buds in a double-film water bed for seedling culture, and keeping a shed closed during seedling culture;
(2) soil preparation and fertilization
Performing plowing and freezing felling before winter, applying decomposed pig manure or cow manure 45 tons/hectare and 45% (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) ternary compound fertilizer 300 kilograms/hectare as base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting, and performing shallow rotary raking and fine raking, wherein the rake depth is 8-10 cm;
(3) modeling in field
After land preparation and fertilization, ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(4) irrigation of furrow
3 days before planting, irrigating water along the furrows till the furrows just submerge the surfaces of the ridges, and sealing the drainage ditches;
(5) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering a black mulching film with the width of 1 m on the ridges, laying 1 inch of drip irrigation water hoses under the mulching film, laying 2 water hoses on each ridge, wherein a plurality of water outlets are formed in the water hoses, and the water outlets of the water hoses face the inner side of the mulching film;
(6) planting
Immersing the roots of arrowhead seedlings in a 22.5 percent picoxystrobin 1500-fold aqueous solution for 10min, and fishing out for planting;
during field planting, two rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting is carried out according to the plant-row spacing of 30 multiplied by 30cm, and punching field planting on the ridges is adopted;
(7) after the permanent planting, the water is irrigated for 1 time every day for 30 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2(ii) a After transplanting for 1 month, irrigating for 1 time every 1 day with water consumption of 0.20m3/m2(ii) a At the initial stage of bulb expansion period, water is added for 1 time every 2 days with rising temperature, and water consumption is 0.25m3/m2(ii) a In the mature period of the bulb, water is added for 1 time every 3 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2；
1 month after transplanting, additionally applying 150 kg of urea per hectare in a hole application mode; at the initial stage of bulb expansion, 51 percent (N: P: K = 26: 10: 15) of ternary compound fertilizer 225 kg/hectare is applied in a hole application mode, and water is irrigated after the additional application;
(8) stopping irrigation in the middle and later periods of corm expansion within 15-25 days of 6 months, and then carrying out artificial harvesting successively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
1. obviously save water, labor and effort: in the traditional arrowhead production, 17 workers/day/667 m are needed in the whole arrowhead growth period2The method comprises the following steps: the amount of labor for artificial weeding is 3 people/day/667 m2The labor capacity for manual harvest is 6 persons/day/667 m2Fertilizing 1 person/day/667 m26 workers/day/667 m for field management such as irrigation2. The method for planting the arrowheads needs 9 workers/day/667 m in the whole growth period of the arrowheads2Transplanting 1 person/day/667 m2The labor intensity for manual harvest is 4 persons/day/667 m2Fertilizing 1 person/day/667 m23 workers/day/667 m for field management such as irrigation2Saving 8 workers/day/667 m2(ii) a The water consumption is reduced by more than 50 percent by adopting the invention.
2. Remarkably reducing the occurrence of arrowhead diseases: by adopting the invention, arrowhead smut does not occur, and the incidence rates of brown spot and stripe disease are reduced by 44.34 percent and 81.69 percent.
3. Effectively solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of vegetables: by adopting the method, the arrowhead planting basically has no continuous cropping diseases such as smut and the like, the growth vigor of the succeeding crops is obviously improved, and the yield and the quality are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 photograph of soil preparation and fertilization.
Fig. 2 photo of ridging.
FIG. 3 photograph of irrigation after ridging.
Fig. 4 covers a photograph of a black ground film.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) management of seedling growth
Injecting water into the water bed of the seedling bed to a depth of 24-26 cm in 1 week before seedling culture;
taking out 195-205 terminal buds without diseases and insects from corms, breaking off the terminal buds from the corms, placing the terminal buds in a double-film water bed for seedling culture, and keeping the shed closed during seedling culture to improve the water temperature in the shed;
(2) soil preparation and fertilization
Performing plowing and freezing felling before winter, applying decomposed pig manure or cow manure 45 tons/hectare and 45% (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) ternary compound fertilizer 300 kilograms/hectare as base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting, and performing shallow rotary raking and fine raking, wherein the rake depth is 8-10 cm;
(3) modeling in field
After land preparation and fertilization, ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(4) irrigation of furrow
3 days before planting, irrigating water along the furrows till the furrows just submerge the surfaces of the ridges, and sealing the drainage ditches;
(5) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering a black mulching film with the width of 1 m on the ridges, laying 1 inch of drip irrigation water hoses under the mulching film, laying 2 water hoses on each ridge, wherein a plurality of water outlets are formed in the water hoses, and the water outlets of the water hoses face the inner side of the mulching film;
(6) planting
Immersing the roots of arrowhead seedlings in a 22.5 percent picoxystrobin 1500-fold aqueous solution for 10min, and fishing out for planting;
during field planting, two rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting is carried out according to the plant-row spacing of 30 multiplied by 30cm, and punching field planting on the ridges is adopted;
(7) after the permanent planting, the water is irrigated for 1 time every day for 30 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2(ii) a After transplanting for 1 month, irrigating for 1 time every 1 day with water consumption of 0.20m3/m2(ii) a At the initial stage of bulb expansion period, water is added for 1 time every 2 days with rising temperature, and water consumption is 0.25m3/m2(ii) a In the mature period of the bulb, water is added for 1 time every 3 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2；
1 month after transplanting, additionally applying 150 kg of urea per hectare in a hole application mode; at the initial stage of bulb expansion, 51 percent (N: P: K = 26: 10: 15) of ternary compound fertilizer 225 kg/hectare is applied in a hole application mode, and water is irrigated after the additional application;
(8) stopping irrigation in the middle and later periods of corm expansion within 20 days of 6 months (in other embodiments, stopping irrigation within 15-25 days of 6 months), and then performing artificial harvesting.
Example 2
A greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) management of seedling growth
Injecting water into the water bed of the seedling bed to a depth of 24-26 cm in 1 week before seedling culture;
taking robust 200 terminal buds without diseases and insects, breaking off the terminal buds from corms, placing the terminal buds in a double-film water bed for seedling culture, and keeping a shed closed during seedling culture to improve the water temperature in the shed;
(2) soil preparation and fertilization
Performing plowing and freezing felling before winter, applying decomposed pig manure or cow manure 45 tons/hectare and 45% (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) ternary compound fertilizer 300 kilograms/hectare as base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting, and performing shallow rotary raking and fine raking, wherein the rake depth is 8-10 cm;
(3) modeling in field
After land preparation and fertilization, ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(4) irrigation of furrow
3 days before planting, irrigating water along the furrows till the furrows just submerge the surfaces of the ridges, and sealing the drainage ditches;
(5) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering a black mulching film with the width of 1 m on the ridges, laying 1 inch of drip irrigation water hoses under the mulching film, laying 2 water hoses on each ridge, wherein a plurality of water outlets are formed in the water hoses, and the water outlets of the water hoses face the inner side of the mulching film;
(6) planting
Immersing the roots of arrowhead seedlings in a 22.5 percent picoxystrobin 1500-fold aqueous solution for 10min, and fishing out for planting;
during field planting, two rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting is carried out according to the plant-row spacing of 30 multiplied by 30cm, and punching field planting on the ridges is adopted;
(7) after the permanent planting, the water is irrigated for 1 time every day for 30 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2(ii) a After transplanting for 1 month, irrigating for 1 time every 1 day with water consumption of 0.20m3/m2(ii) a At the beginning of bulb expansion period, with rising temperature, every 2 daysIrrigating for 1 time with water consumption of 0.25m3/m2(ii) a In the mature period of the bulb, water is added for 1 time every 3 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2；
1 month after transplanting, additionally applying 150 kg of urea per hectare in a hole application mode; at the initial stage of bulb expansion, 51 percent (N: P: K = 26: 10: 15) of ternary compound fertilizer 225 kg/hectare is applied in a hole application mode, and water is irrigated after the additional application;
(8) stopping irrigation in the middle and later periods of corm expansion within 25 days of 6 months (in other embodiments, stopping irrigation within 15-24 days of 6 months), and then performing artificial harvesting.
The yield per mu of the arrowhead reaches 1386.6 kg/667m by adopting the methods of the two embodiments to measure the yield in the cell2According to the current-season arrowhead wholesale price of 6 yuan/kg and the temporary labor cost of 80 yuan/day in arrowhead production management, the yield value of each mu of the cultivation method is 8319.6 yuan, the production cost is 1170 yuan, and the pure income is 7149.6 yuan. The whole growth period of the arrowhead needs 9 workers/day/667 m2Transplanting 1 person/day/667 m2The labor intensity for manual harvest is 4 persons/day/667 m2Fertilizing 1 person/day/667 m23 workers/day/667 m for field management such as irrigation2Saving 8 workers/day/667 m2(ii) a The water consumption is reduced by more than 50 percent by adopting the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A greenhouse spring early-stage arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization;
(2) modeling in field
Ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(3) irrigation of furrow
Irrigating water along the furrows till the water just submerges the surfaces of the ridges;
(4) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering black mulching films on the ridge surfaces, and paving drip irrigation water hoses between planting lines under the films;
(5) and (6) planting.
2. The greenhouse early spring arrowhead ridging and black film mulching cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) management of seedling growth
Injecting water into the water bed of the seedling bed to a depth of 24-26 cm in 1 week before seedling culture;
taking thick and strong terminal buds of 195-205/kg without diseases and insects, breaking off the terminal buds from corms, putting the terminal buds in a double-film water bed for seedling culture, and keeping a shed closed during seedling culture;
(2) soil preparation and fertilization
Performing plowing and freezing felling before winter, applying decomposed pig manure or cow manure 45 tons/hectare and 45% (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) ternary compound fertilizer 300 kilograms/hectare as base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting, and performing shallow rotary raking and fine raking, wherein the rake depth is 8-10 cm;
(3) modeling in field
After land preparation and fertilization, ridging: the ridging height is 10-12 cm, the ridging width is 60-65 cm, the furrow width is 25-30 cm, and the furrow depth is 10-15 cm;
(4) irrigation of furrow
3 days before planting, irrigating water along the furrows till the furrows just submerge the surfaces of the ridges, and sealing the drainage ditches;
(5) black film coating and drip irrigation application
Covering a black mulching film with the width of 1 m on the ridges, laying 1 inch of drip irrigation water hoses under the mulching film, laying 2 water hoses on each ridge, wherein a plurality of water outlets are formed in the water hoses, and the water outlets of the water hoses face the inner side of the mulching film;
(6) planting
Immersing the roots of arrowhead seedlings in a 22.5 percent picoxystrobin 1500-fold aqueous solution for 10min, and fishing out for planting;
during field planting, two rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting is carried out according to the plant-row spacing of 30 multiplied by 30cm, and punching field planting on the ridges is adopted;
(7) after the permanent planting, the water is irrigated for 1 time every day for 30 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2(ii) a After transplanting for 1 month, irrigating for 1 time every 1 day with water consumption of 0.20m3/m2(ii) a At the initial stage of bulb expansion period, water is added for 1 time every 2 days with rising temperature, and water consumption is 0.25m3/m2(ii) a In the mature period of the bulb, water is added for 1 time every 3 days, and the water consumption is 0.15m3/m2；
1 month after transplanting, additionally applying 150 kg of urea per hectare in a hole application mode; at the initial stage of bulb expansion, 51 percent (N: P: K = 26: 10: 15) of ternary compound fertilizer 225 kg/hectare is applied in a hole application mode, and water is irrigated after the additional application;
(8) stopping irrigation in the middle and later periods of corm expansion within 15-25 days of 6 months, and then carrying out artificial harvesting successively.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226545A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-25 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Method for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease of solanaceous melon and fruit vegetables |
| CN116034749A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-05-02 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode |
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| CN105103871A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 邱文娟 | Facility sagittaria sagittifolia cultivation method |
| CN105103866A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Film-covering and ridging mechanizing culturing method for sagittaria sagittifolia |
| CN107926560A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | A kind of greenhouse spring does sth. in advance arrowhead ridging and covers black film to be sufficiently humidified so as to cultural method |
-
2021
- 2021-05-06 CN CN202110492009.9A patent/CN113179893A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103866A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Film-covering and ridging mechanizing culturing method for sagittaria sagittifolia |
| CN105103871A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 邱文娟 | Facility sagittaria sagittifolia cultivation method |
| CN107926560A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | A kind of greenhouse spring does sth. in advance arrowhead ridging and covers black film to be sufficiently humidified so as to cultural method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226545A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-25 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Method for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease of solanaceous melon and fruit vegetables |
| CN116034749A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-05-02 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode |
| CN116034749B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2024-04-05 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Gardenia field cutting seedling raising mode |
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