CN114731923A - Method for improving transplanting survival rate of wild old stumps and manufacturing bonsai by wild old stumps - Google Patents
Method for improving transplanting survival rate of wild old stumps and manufacturing bonsai by wild old stumps Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000218636 Thuja Species 0.000 description 23
- 235000008109 Thuja occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 240000002924 Platycladus orientalis Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old stumps and manufacturing bonsais by using the wild old stumps, and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of wild old stump bonsais. The technical scheme is as follows: digging out the wild old piles and burying the dug old piles in river sand for treatment; directly transplanting the wild old piles with intact root systems into the ground, and watering until the wild old piles survive; selecting plants which are the same as or have good grafting affinity with the wild old piles for the wild old piles with poor or no root systems, carrying out grafting root systems, and grafting by inserting bark grafting or inserting bark and belly grafting; burying the grafted wild old piles underground, watering, fertilizing and managing until the wild old piles are transplanted to survive, and digging out. And (4) processing the excavated wild old piles, transplanting the processed wild old piles, and making the wild old piles into bonsais after the wild old piles survive, so that the transplanting survival rate of the wild old piles is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old stumps and manufacturing bonsais by using the wild old stumps, and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of wild old stump bonsais.
Background
Wild old pile: under the severe environment in the field, the plant grows very slowly, the tree ages are more than 30 years, the stumps are vicious, the shape is beautiful, the plant can be used as a bonsai, and the service life of the plant is more than 80 years. With the improvement of life of people, the flower bonsai is popular with people, wherein the bonsai is popular. Although the old potted landscape, especially the old potted landscape with hundreds of years old, is expensive, people still feel good. As most of old piles are obtained by digging wild old piles, the key point is that the wild old piles are transplanted to survive; however, the original growth environment of the distorted old and spicy wild old piles is severe, the distorted old and spicy wild old piles mostly grow in cliff stone cracks, the wild old piles grow slowly and grow weakly, complete root systems cannot be dug out due to the limitation of the cliff stone cracks during digging, most of the wild old piles have few or no fresh fibrous roots after digging, survival is very difficult during transplanting, and the wild old piles die.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old piles and manufacturing bonsais by using the wild old piles.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old piles comprises the steps of digging back dormant wild old piles, and separately embedding the wild old piles with intact root systems and few or no fresh fibrous roots into wet river sand for temporary planting; after the temperature is warmed up, directly transplanting the wild old piles with intact root systems into loose and breathable soil for watering, and performing conventional management until the wild old piles survive; for wild old stumps with few or no fresh fibrous roots, when the wild old stumps sprout off the bark, selecting plants which are the same as the wild old stumps or have good grafting affinity, carrying out root grafting operation, and grafting by bark grafting or bark and belly grafting; burying the grafted wild old piles underground, watering, fertilizing and managing until the wild old piles survive, and digging out the upper pot.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
digging the dormant wild old piles back and embedding the dued old piles into wet river sand for temporary planting: digging ditches or pits at the shady part of the flat ground according to the size of the wild old pile, and paving river sand with the thickness of 10 cm and subjected to disinfection and sterilization at the bottom of the ditches or the pits; the roots of the wild old piles dug out are placed in a ditch or a pit in a downward vertical or inclined mode, and the tops of the wild old piles are slightly lower than the ground; burying the old wild piles with sterilized river sand, pouring enough water, and covering 10-15 cm thick soil on the river sand;
when the temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃ and the ground temperature is stabilized at more than 5 ℃, sap of the wild old pile starts to flow, the cortex is separated from the skin, and the wild old pile is dug out;
directly transplanting wild old piles with intact root systems into loose and breathable soil for watering, and performing conventional management until the wild old piles survive;
washing the wild old piles with poor or complete root systems, soaking the wild old piles in clear water for 12 to 16 hours, and changing water once in the middle to ensure that the wild old piles absorb enough water; then soaking the root of the wild old pile with rooting powder for 2 minutes, and washing the root with clear water; selecting plants which are the same as the wild old stumps or have good grafting affinity, carrying out grafting root system operation, and grafting by inserting bark grafting or inserting bark belly grafting, wherein the grafting method comprises the following two methods:
the first grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting plants which are the same as the wild old stakes or have good grafting affinity and grow robustly, excavating on the ground of the selected sunward side of the plants, and finding and selecting a robust transverse root system with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm; digging a pit capable of burying the wild old pile around the selected root system; cutting off the selected root system, and digging 20-30 cm in the extending direction of the outer root system to facilitate grafting; observing the wild old pile to find out a strong and strong root cortex and easy-to-wrap part which is determined as a grafting part, and cutting one side of the end part of the cut root system into a wedge shape with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the grafting part to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the xylem, using the knife tip to open the cortex below the longitudinal cut, inserting the large surface of the cut root system between the cortex and the xylem of the wild old pile from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut by adhering the wood part of the wild old pile to the large surface of the cut root system, and tightly wrapping the large surface of the cut root system by using a grafting bandage; the root part of the grafted wild old pile is downwards inclined and buried in the pit, and 5-7 cm of soil is covered on the wild old pile; after covering soil, pouring enough water, buckling a small arched shed, increasing the temperature and increasing the humidity; gradually removing the arched shed to the beginning of 5 months; later, the surface of the earth is dry and wet, only watering is carried out, and no fertilizer is applied;
and (2) grafting method II: firstly, preparing a robust young plant which is the same as the wild old pile or has good grafting affinity and is cultivated by a plastic nutrition pot, wherein the thickness of the 1-2 rootstocks is 0.5-1 cm, and grafting the robust young plant and the wild old pile; cutting off the 5 cm position of the overground part of the young plant, and cutting one side of the trunk of the young plant into a wedge with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the wood part, obliquely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the wood part, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the wood part, using the knife tip to open a cortex below the longitudinal cut, inserting the large surface of the cut young plant between the cortex of the wild old pile and the wood part from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut by adhering the wood part of the wild old pile to the large surface of the cut young plant, and tightly wrapping the young plant by using a grafting bandage; tearing the nutrition pot of the young plant when burying soil, wherein the soil burying and the management are the same as the first grafting method;
1 month after the old wild piles sprout and grow new branches and leaves, spraying 0.3-0.4% of urea solution on the leaf surfaces every 3-7 days, spraying 0.5% of urea solution on the leaf surfaces every 5-7 days, delaying leaf aging, keeping high-efficiency photosynthesis, stopping spraying urea in the last 10 months, spraying 2 times of 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate in the middle 11 months, and increasing the storage level of photosynthetic products every 5-7 days;
the arched shed is buckled again in winter, if the temperature is below-12 ℃, the grass curtain is covered at night for heat preservation, the grass curtain is uncovered in the daytime, and the ground is dry and wet;
in the second year, the arched shed is gradually removed in the last ten days of 3 months, and the ground is dry and wet; applying compound fertilizer in spring, applying thin fertilizer frequently, and pruning and shaping; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3% solution twice at the interval of 5-7 days from the beginning of 10 months; in winter, the windbreak with the height of 1.5 m is made without buckling an arch shed;
in the third year, pouring green water in the last 3 months, and then, the ground is dry and wet; after the wild old pile is cultured for two years, the root system is sound, the absorption capacity is enhanced, compound fertilizer is applied in spring, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, pruning and modeling are carried out simultaneously, 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate solution is sprayed twice in the beginning of 10 months, and the interval is 5-7 days; before soil is frozen, the survived wild old piles are dug out for making bonsais.
A method for making potted landscape from wild old pile comprises digging out the wild old pile transplanted by the above method, and observing the root of the wild old pile;
transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a grafting method I, and if more fibrous roots grow from the wild old pile, cutting off a grafted root system; if the number of fibrous roots on the old pile is less, the number of fibrous roots on the grafting root system is more, the fibrous roots are left, the grafting root system is cut off at a far position, if the fibrous roots of the wild old pile influence the potting, the grafting root system is firstly cultured by a large pot, and then the grafting root system is cut off and potted after 2 to 3 years.
Transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a second grafting method, directly potting the young plant grafted wild old pile without cutting a root system; or the root system can be properly trimmed and then put into a pot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wild old piles are processed and transplanted, and the wild old piles survive to be made into bonsais, so that the transplanting survival rate of the wild old piles is improved, the death of the wild old piles is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
A method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old piles comprises the steps of digging ditches or pits at the shady part of a flat ground according to the size of the wild old piles, and paving river sand with the thickness of 10 cm and subjected to disinfection and sterilization at the bottoms of the ditches or the pits; the roots of the wild old piles dug out are placed in a ditch or a pit in a downward vertical or inclined mode, and the tops of the wild old piles are slightly lower than the ground; burying the old wild piles with sterilized river sand, pouring enough water, and covering 10-15 cm thick soil on the river sand;
when the temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃ and the ground temperature is stabilized at more than 5 ℃, sap of the wild old pile starts to flow, the cortex is separated from the skin, and the wild old pile is dug out;
directly transplanting wild old piles with intact root systems into loose and breathable soil for watering, and performing conventional management until the old piles survive;
washing the wild old pile with few or no fresh fibrous roots, soaking the wild old pile in clear water for 12 to 16 hours, and changing water once in the middle to ensure that the wild old pile absorbs enough water; then soaking the root of the wild old pile with rooting powder for 2 minutes, and washing the root with clear water; selecting plants which are the same as the wild old stumps or have good grafting affinity, carrying out grafting root system operation, and carrying out grafting by inserting bark grafting or inserting bark belly grafting, wherein the grafting method comprises the following two steps:
the first grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting plants which are the same as the wild old piles or have good grafting affinity and grow robustly, excavating the ground on the sunny side of the selected plants, and finding and selecting a robustly transverse root system with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm; digging a pit capable of burying the wild old pile around the selected root system; cutting off the selected root system, and digging 20-30 cm in the extending direction of the outer root system to facilitate grafting; observing the wild old pile to find out a part with a strong root cortex and easy to wrap, determining the part as a grafting part, cutting one side of the end part of the cut root system into a wedge shape with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the grafting part to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the xylem, using the knife tip to open the cortex below the longitudinal cut, inserting the large surface of the cut root system between the cortex and the xylem of the wild old pile from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut by sticking the wood part of the wild old pile, and tightly binding the large surface of the cut root system by using a grafting bandage; the root part of the grafted wild old pile is downwards inclined and buried in the pit, and 5-7 cm of soil is covered on the wild old pile; if the wild old pile has leaves or branch buds, the leaves or the branch buds can be exposed; after covering soil on the wild old pile, pouring enough water, buckling an arched shed, increasing the temperature and increasing the humidity; removing the arched shed at the beginning of 5 months; later, the surface of the earth is dry and wet, only watering is carried out, and no fertilizer is applied;
and (2) grafting method II: firstly, preparing a robust young plant which is the same as the wild old pile or has good grafting affinity and is cultivated by a plastic nutrition pot, wherein the thickness of the 1-2 rootstocks is 0.5-1 cm, and grafting the robust young plant and the wild old pile; cutting off the 5 cm position of the overground part of the young plant, and cutting one side of the trunk of the young plant into a wedge with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the grafting part to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the xylem, using the knife tip to open a cortex below the longitudinal cut, sticking the large surface of the cut young plant to the xylem of the wild old pile, inserting the large surface of the wild old pile between the cortex and the xylem from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut, and tightly binding the large surface by using a grafting bandage; tearing apart the nutrition pot of the young plant when burying soil, burying soil and managing the first grafting method; if the wild old pile is large, 1-3 young plants can be connected according to the root condition;
after the old wild piles sprout and grow new branches and leaves for 1 month, if the branches and leaves always grow well, the old wild piles are proved to be alive, 0.3-0.4% urea solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 3-7 days, and when the leaves are fertilized, the fertilization on the back surfaces of the leaves is more important than the fertilization on the front surfaces of the leaves, so that the growth of the branches and leaves and the root systems of the old wild piles is promoted; spraying can be stopped if the branches and leaves grow faster. At this time, no trimming is carried out, all effective leaves are reserved, more photosynthetic products are produced, and the wild old stumps are rapidly rejuvenated. Spraying 0.5% urea solution to the leaf surface every 5-7 days from the beginning of 10-month long days, spraying the solution to the opposite faces of the leaves, delaying the aging of the leaves, maintaining efficient photosynthesis, stopping spraying the urea in 10-month long days, and spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate for 2 times in 11-month middle long days to improve the storage level of photosynthetic products;
if the transplanting position is leeward and exposed to the sun, the wind barrier is not needed, and if the transplanting position is not leeward, the wind barrier with the height of 1.5 meters is made. Covering the arched shed in winter, covering the grass curtain at night for heat preservation if the temperature is below-12 ℃, uncovering the grass curtain in the daytime, and enabling the ground to be dry and wet;
in the second year, the arched shed is gradually removed in the last ten days of 3 months, and the ground is dry and wet; after the wild old pile is cultured for one year, the root system grows a little, and the absorption capacity is enhanced; applying compound fertilizer in spring, applying thin fertilizer frequently, and pruning and shaping; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3% solution twice at the interval of 5-7 days from the beginning of 10 months; in winter, the windbreak with the height of 1.5 m is made without buckling an arched shed;
in the third year, pouring green water in the last 3 months, and then, the ground is dry and wet; after the wild old pile is cultured for two years, the root system is sound, the absorption capacity is enhanced, compound fertilizer is applied in spring, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, pruning and shaping are carried out simultaneously, 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate solution is sprayed twice in the beginning of 10 months, and the interval is 5-7 days; before soil is frozen, the survived wild old piles are dug out for making bonsais.
A method for making potted landscape from wild old stump comprises digging out the wild old stump transplanted to survive by the above method, and observing the root of the wild old stump;
transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a grafting method I, and if more fibrous roots grow from the wild old pile, cutting off a grafted root system; if the fibrous roots on the old stumps are fewer, the fibrous roots on the grafting root system are more, the fibrous roots are left, the grafting root system is cut off at a far position, if the fibrous roots of the wild old stumps influence the potting, the pot is firstly used for culturing, and the grafting root system is cut off after 2 to 3 years and then potted.
Transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a second grafting method, directly potting the young plant grafted wild old pile without cutting a root system; or the root system can be properly trimmed and then put into a pot.
Example (b): and (5) transplanting wild old arborvitae and making a bonsai.
Branches and leaves of the wild old piles of the arborvitae are pruned according to the pile types after the wild old piles are dug back in the winter dormancy stage, and the branches and leaves with few or no fresh fibrous roots are dug in a ditch or buried in a pit at a shady place with higher terrain according to the size of the wild old piles.
The specific method comprises the following steps: according to the size of the wild old piles of the arborvitae, digging ditches or pits, paving 10 cm of disinfected river sand below the ditches or the pits, vertically or obliquely placing roots of the wild old piles of the arborvitae into the ditches or the pits (according to the size and the shape of the wild old piles of the arborvitae), enabling the tops of the piles to be slightly lower than the ground, completely burying the piles with the disinfected river sand, pouring enough water, and covering the piles with 10-15 cm of thick soil.
The temperature in the north is stabilized at 10 ℃, the ground temperature is stabilized at more than 5 ℃, arborvitae sap begins to flow, when the bark layer separates from the bark, a wild old arborvitae pile with few or no fresh fibrous roots is dug out and washed clean, the wild old arborvitae pile is soaked in clear water for 12 to 16 hours, the water is changed once in the middle, the wild old arborvitae pile absorbs enough water, the root is soaked in rooting powder for 2 minutes, and the wild arborvitae pile is washed with clear water.
Digging a ditch at a position close to the south of the 5-20-year-old oriental arborvitae but not shaded, finding a robust transverse root system with the diameter of about 0.5-1 cm, digging a ditch or a pit around the selected root system according to the size of a wild old oriental arborvitae pile, which can transversely bury the wild old oriental arborvitae pile completely, cutting off the root system, and digging 20-30 cm outwards to facilitate grafting.
The grafting is carried out by bark grafting or bark-belly grafting, the wild old Chinese arborvitae is observed to find a part with a straight root, a strong cortex and easy binding is determined as a grafting part, one side of the cut root system is cut into a large and small wedge shape according to the grafting part of the wild old Chinese arborvitae, the grafting part of the wild old Chinese arborvitae is cut transversely and deeply to the xylem, a position 0.6-1 cm below the cut is cut obliquely upwards to reach the transverse cut deeply to the xylem, the middle of the transverse cut is cut longitudinally upwards to reach the xylem, the cortex is picked up below the longitudinal cut by the cutter tip, the large surface of the cut root system is stuck to the xylem of the wild old Chinese arborvitae along the longitudinal cut, inserted between the wild old Chinese arborvitae and the xylem from bottom to top, and tightly bound by a grafting bandage.
The root of the wild old platycladus orientalis pile is downwards inclined and transversely embedded into a pit, soil covers 5-7 cm above the wild old platycladus orientalis pile stem, only leaves or partial branches and buds are exposed, soil covers 10-15 cm of the root of the wild old platycladus orientalis pile, sufficient water is poured, a small arched shed is buckled, the temperature is increased, the humidity is increased, and the small arched shed is gradually removed in the beginning of 5 months. Later, the surface is dry and wet, only watering is needed, and no fertilizer is applied.
Or preparing a strong 1-2-year seedling propagation, grafting 0.5-1 cm old arborvitae stock plant with a wild old arborvitae stake, cutting 5-10 cm above the stock plant, cutting one side of the trunk of the young arborvitae stock plant into wedges, transversely cutting the grafted part of the wild old arborvitae stock plant to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the part 0.6-1 cm below the cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the cut to a depth reaching the xylem, using the cutter to pick up the cortex below the longitudinal cut, sticking the large side of the cut young arborvitae stock plant to the wood part of the wild old arborvitae stock plant along the longitudinal cut, inserting the wild old arborvitae stock plant cortex and the xylem from bottom to top, tightly wrapping by using a grafting bandage, if the wild stock plant is larger, connecting 1-3 stock plants according to the root condition, tearing the nutrition pot when burying soil, the soil burying and the management method are the same as above.
After 1 month after the old wild arborvitae stumps germinate and grow new branches and leaves, if the branches and leaves always grow well, the old wild arborvitae stumps are proved to survive, 0.3 percent urea solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 5 to 7 days, and when the leaf surfaces are fertilized, the back surfaces of the leaves are more important than the front surfaces of the leaves, so that the growth of the branches and leaves and the root systems of the old wild arborvitae stumps is promoted. Spraying can be stopped if the branches and leaves grow faster. At the moment, urgent shaping and modeling are not needed, trimming is not needed, all effective leaves are reserved, more photosynthetic products are produced, and the wild old platycladus orientalis piles are rapidly rejuvenated. Spraying 0.5% solution of urea on the leaf surface every 5-7 days in the middle of 10 months, spraying the solution of monopotassium phosphate for 2 times in the middle of 11 months, delaying the leaf aging, keeping the efficient photosynthesis, stopping spraying the urea in the middle of 10 months, and improving the storage level of the photosynthetic products.
If the transplanting position is leeward and exposed to the sun, the wind barrier is not needed, and if the transplanting position is not leeward, the wind barrier with the height of 1.5 meters is made. The small arched shed is buckled in winter, and if the temperature reaches minus 12 ℃, the shed is covered with heat insulation materials such as a straw curtain at night, and the shed is uncovered in the daytime, so that the ground is dry and wet.
In the second year, the small arch shed is gradually removed in the beginning of 4 months, and the ground is dry and wet. After the wild old platycladus orientalis stumps are cultured for one year, the root systems grow, the absorption capacity is enhanced, compound fertilizers are applied in spring, thin fertilizers are applied frequently, trimming and modeling are carried out simultaneously, and 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed twice at the beginning of 11 months at intervals of 5-7 days. In winter, the windbreak with the height of 1.5 m is made without buckling a small arched shed.
In the third year, the water turns green in the last 3 months, and then the ground is dry and wet. After the wild old stumps of the arborvitae are cultured for two years, the root system is sound, the absorption capacity is enhanced, the fertilizer is compounded in spring, the thin fertilizer is applied frequently, the stumps are pruned and modeled at the same time, and 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate solution is sprayed twice in the first ten day of 10 months at intervals of 5-7 days. Before soil is frozen, digging the root of a wild old pile of the arborvitae, if more fibrous roots grow from the old pile, cutting off a grafting root system, and putting the root system into a pot; if the old pile has fewer fibrous roots and the grafting root system has more fibrous roots, the remaining fibrous roots cut off the grafting root system at a far position, if the grafting root system is influenced to be potted, the grafting root system is firstly cultured in a large pot for 2 to 3 years, and the grafting root system is gradually cut short and potted.
The root system of the young arborvitae plant can be not cut when being grafted, and if the root system is too large to influence the potting, the root system can be properly cut.
After the Chinese arborvitae is potted, carrying out branch storage and trunk cutting, grafting and branch supplementing and rolling modeling according to the original shape of the wild old village of the Chinese arborvitae; the soil is dry and wet, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, and the soil is trimmed year by year to be shaped.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the transplanting survival rate of wild old piles is characterized by comprising the following steps: digging out the wild old piles and burying the dug old piles in river sand for treatment; directly transplanting the wild old piles with intact root systems into the ground, and watering until the wild old piles survive; selecting plants which are the same as or have good grafting affinity with the wild old piles for the wild old piles with poor or no root systems, carrying out grafting root systems, and grafting by inserting bark grafting or inserting bark and belly grafting; and burying the grafted wild old piles underground, watering, fertilizing and managing until the wild old piles are transplanted to survive, and digging out.
2. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the wild old piles according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
digging out the wild old piles and burying into river sand for treatment: digging a ditch or a pit at the back shade position of the flat ground, and paving river sand with the thickness of 10 cm and subjected to disinfection and sterilization on the bottom surface of the ditch or the pit; the roots of the wild old piles dug out are placed in a ditch or a pit in a downward vertical or inclined mode, and the tops of the wild old piles are slightly lower than the ground; burying the old wild piles with sterilized river sand, pouring enough water, and covering 10-15 cm thick soil on the river sand;
when the temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃ and the ground temperature is stabilized at more than 5 ℃, sap of the wild old pile starts to flow, and the cortex is peeled;
directly transplanting wild old piles with intact root systems into the ground, and watering until the wild old piles survive;
selecting plants which are the same as or have good grafting affinity with the wild old piles for grafting the root systems of the wild old piles with poor or no root systems, and grafting by inserting bark grafting or inserting bark and belly grafting, wherein the grafting method comprises the following two methods:
the first grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting plants which are the same as the wild old piles or have good grafting affinity from the plants growing on the ground, excavating the ground on the sunny side of the selected plants, and finding and selecting a robust transverse root system with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm; digging a pit capable of burying the wild old pile around the selected root system; cutting off the selected root system, and digging 20-30 cm in the extending direction of the root system to facilitate grafting; observing the wild old pile to find out a strong and strong root cortex and easy-to-wrap part which is determined as a grafting part, and cutting one side of the end part of the cut root system into a wedge shape with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the grafting part to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the xylem, using the knife tip to open the cortex below the longitudinal cut, inserting the large surface of the cut root system between the cortex and the xylem of the wild old pile from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut by sticking the wood part of the wild old pile, and tightly binding the large surface of the cut root system by using a grafting bandage; the root part of the grafted wild old pile is downwards inclined and buried in the pit, and 5-7 cm of soil is covered on the wild old pile; after covering soil on the wild old pile, pouring enough water, buckling an arched shed, increasing the temperature and increasing the humidity; removing the arched shed at the beginning of 5 months; later, the surface of the earth is dry and wet, only watering is carried out, and no fertilizer is applied;
and (2) grafting method II: preparing young plants which are the same as or have good grafting affinity with the wild old stumps, cultivating the young plants by using a plastic nutrition pot, and grafting the young plants with the wild old stumps; cutting off the 5 cm position of the overground part of the young plant, and cutting one side of the trunk of the young plant into a wedge with a large surface and a small surface; transversely cutting the grafting part of the wild old pile by a knife to a depth reaching the xylem, obliquely cutting the grafting part to a transverse cut upwards at a position 0.6-1 cm below the formed transverse cut, cutting the grafting part to the transverse cut to a depth reaching the xylem, longitudinally cutting the middle of the transverse cut upwards to form a longitudinal cut to reach the xylem, using the knife tip to open a cortex below the longitudinal cut, sticking the large surface of the cut young plant to the xylem of the wild old pile, inserting the large surface of the wild old pile between the cortex and the xylem from bottom to top along the longitudinal cut, and tightly binding the large surface by using a grafting bandage; tearing apart the nutrition pot of the young plant when burying soil, burying soil and managing the first grafting method;
1 month after the old wild piles sprout and grow new branches and leaves, spraying 0.3-0.4% of urea solution on the leaf surfaces every 3-7 days, at the moment, not trimming, keeping all effective leaves, starting in the first 10 th month, spraying 0.5% of urea solution on the leaf surfaces every 5-7 days, spraying on the leaf surfaces on the opposite sides and the front sides of the leaves, delaying the leaf aging, keeping the efficient photosynthesis, stopping spraying the urea in the first 10 th month, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate for 2 times in the first 11 th month, and improving the storage level of photosynthetic products;
the arched shed is buckled again in winter, if the temperature is below-12 ℃, the grass curtain is covered at night for heat preservation, the grass curtain is uncovered in the daytime, and the ground is dry and wet;
in the second year, the arched shed is gradually removed in the last ten days of 3 months, and the ground is dry and wet; applying compound fertilizer in spring, applying thin fertilizer frequently, and pruning and shaping; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3% solution twice at the interval of 5-7 days from the beginning of 10 months; in winter, the windbreak with the height of 1.5 m is made without buckling an arched shed;
in the third year, pouring green water in the last 3 months, and then, the ground is dry and wet; after the wild old stumps are cultured for two years, the root systems are healthy, the absorption capacity is enhanced, compound fertilizers are applied in spring, thin fertilizers are applied frequently, pruning and shaping are carried out simultaneously, and monopotassium phosphate 0.2-0.3% solution is sprayed twice at the beginning of 10 months at intervals of 5-7 days; before soil is frozen, the survived wild old piles are dug out for making bonsais.
3. A method for making bonsai from wild old pile, characterized in that the method defined in claim 2 is adopted, the transplanted and survived wild old pile is dug out, and the root of the wild old pile is observed;
transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a grafting method I, and if more fibrous roots grow from the wild old pile, cutting off a grafted root system; if the number of fibrous roots on the old pile is less, the number of fibrous roots on the grafting root system is more, the fibrous roots are left, the grafting root system is cut off at a far position, and if the influence of the fibrous roots of the wild old pile is filled into a pot, the grafting root system is cut short;
transplanting the survived wild old pile by using a second grafting method, directly potting the young plant grafted wild old pile without cutting a root system; or the root system can be properly trimmed and then put into a pot.
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