CN114631455B - Device and method for picking-free and branch-pulling-free winter jujube tree - Google Patents

Device and method for picking-free and branch-pulling-free winter jujube tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114631455B
CN114631455B CN202210289991.4A CN202210289991A CN114631455B CN 114631455 B CN114631455 B CN 114631455B CN 202210289991 A CN202210289991 A CN 202210289991A CN 114631455 B CN114631455 B CN 114631455B
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guide pipe
container
free
branch
plug
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CN114631455A (en
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李庆军
贾东杰
马建
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Shandong Binzhou National Agricultural Science And Technology Park Management Service Center Binzhou Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Industry Modern Technology Research Institute
Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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Shandong Binzhou National Agricultural Science And Technology Park Management Service Center Binzhou Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Industry Modern Technology Research Institute
Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/46N-acyl derivatives
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for picking and branch pulling-free winter jujube trees. The device comprises a first guide pipe and a second guide pipe, wherein the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe are connected in an inverted V shape, a container is arranged outside the first guide pipe, the container is fixed with a needle head, the needle head is positioned inside the first guide pipe, and a mutually fixed combined body formed by the container and the needle head rotates on the first guide pipe along an axis; the first opening at the top end of the container and the first plug at the upper part of the first guide pipe can be blocked, and the second opening at the bottom end of the container and the second plug at the lower part of the first guide pipe can be blocked. The method comprises the following steps: when the buds meet the length requirement, the device containing the mixed liquid of salicylic acid and endothelin in the container is sleeved on the buds, the second opening and the second plug are clamped by rotating the container, the needle head is inserted into the buds, the liquid medicine in the container is injected into the buds through gravity, and meanwhile, the second guide pipe changes the growth direction of the buds to enable the buds to grow downwards. The invention realizes pinching-free and branch-pulling-free, thereby avoiding the cross infection of plant diseases and insect pests and reducing the cost.

Description

Device and method for picking-free and branch-pulling-free winter jujube tree
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for picking and branch pulling-free winter jujube trees.
Background
Pinching is a common technical measure for maintaining tree shape, adjusting nutrition, promoting fruit bearing and improving yield in fruit tree management. As the flower buds of the jujube trees are formed in the same year and have poor capability of competing for nutrients with leaves, the pinching yield-increasing effect is more obvious. The winter jujube is one of the most vigorous varieties in the jujube tree, so that the yield per mu is not more than 300kg if the flowering phase is not pinched and matched with girdling (also called cracking the first) and gibberellin spraying. Branch pulling is an effective auxiliary means for improving fruit setting rate and increasing fruit yield. The physiological habit of winter jujube trees is that the branches stand to grow trees and the branches stand to bear fruits flatly. The jujube trees with vertical branches have few and erect branches, strong and erect branches, thick leaf curtains, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, thick upper branches, thin and weak lower branches and even baldness, small fruiting area, outward movement of fruiting parts, low yield and poor quality; after branch pulling, branches on the jujube trees with inclined, horizontal or downward branches are distributed evenly, the trees are good in ventilation and light transmission, the space is effectively utilized highly, and the method is the basis for high quality and high yield of winter jujubes.
The pinching can be divided into pinching of a new jujube head and pinching of a backbone extension branch. The new jujube head pinching method comprises the following specific steps: and in 5-8 months, when the newly-grown jujube head is not lignified, keeping 3-5 secondary branches, removing the top tips, inhibiting the lengthening growth and enabling the nutrients to flow to the flower parts more. The backbone extension branch pinching method comprises the following specific steps: when the length of the backbone extension branch is proper (50-60 cm), the top end of the bud tip is removed, so that the branch growth and the thickening growth can be promoted, and the load capacity can be increased.
The pinching of the winter jujube trees not only lasts for a long time, but also has the phenomenon that the same part is pinched and then sprouts grow, so that the pinching has to be performed for many times, and the labor investment is large. In addition, the traditional pinching method is to pinch or cut off the new bud by hand or an instrument. Repeated contact of the hand or implement with different buds also tends to result in cross-infection of bacteria, fungi and viruses. The traditional branch pulling method is complex to operate, and for thinner branches with the diameter of less than 0.6cm, branch pulling is carried out for multiple times step by step after the branches are softened in a proper season to prevent breakage. For the branches with the diameter larger than 0.6cm and sprouting from the base of the central trunk, the included angle between the central trunk and the inclined plane of the branch is bound before branch pulling so as to avoid splitting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that multiple pinching is time-consuming and labor-consuming, insect disease cross infection is easy to generate, and branch pulling operation is complex, the invention provides a pinching-free and branch pulling-free device and a pinching-free and branch pulling method for winter jujube trees, overcomes the defects of the traditional pinching and branch pulling technology, and can achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield without pinching and branch pulling at the growing points of newly-grown jujube heads and backbone extension branches by placing the pinching-free and branch pulling device and injecting liquid medicine.
On one hand, the invention provides a device for a winter jujube tree without pinching and branch pulling, which comprises a first conduit and a second conduit, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are connected in an inverted V shape and are communicated with each other, the ports of the first conduit and the second conduit are in an open state, a container is arranged outside the first conduit, the container is fixed and communicated with a needle head, the needle head is positioned inside the first conduit, and a mutually fixed combined body formed by the container and the needle head rotates on the first conduit along an axis; the top end of the container is provided with a first opening, and the bottom end of the container is provided with a second opening; the upper part of the first guide pipe is provided with a first plug, the lower part of the first guide pipe is provided with a second plug, the first opening and the first plug can be clamped, and the second opening and the second plug can be clamped; the front end of the catheter is also provided with tweezers for fixing the device on a branch.
Before use, the first opening and the first plug are locked to fix the container and prevent the liquid medicine from leaking. When the container is used, the container and the needle head are rotated, the second opening and the second plug are clamped to fix the container, and the first opening is opened to facilitate the liquid medicine to permeate into the bud along the needle head under the action of gravity. The device can be used on trees for many years, and only needs to be filled with liquid medicine from one opening when the device is used again in the next year or later.
Furthermore, the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe are both round pipes.
Furthermore, the included angle between the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe is 100-140 degrees.
Furthermore, the upper half of the container is hollow and can be used for containing liquid medicine, and the lower half of the container is solid, so that the device can play a role in fixing and preventing the liquid medicine from remaining in the using process.
Furthermore, the length of the needle head is 0.3-0.4cm, and the aperture is 0.5-0.8mm.
Furthermore, the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe are both made of high-density polyethylene.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a core-picking-free and branch-pulling-free method for the winter jujube trees, which comprises the following specific steps: when the current new part of the buds meets the requirements of the length of 2.5-4cm and the thickness of 0.3-0.4cm, sleeving the device containing the mixed liquid medicine of salicylic acid and endothelin in the container on the buds through the first guide pipe, then clamping the tree branches by using tweezers, clamping the second opening and the second plug by rotating the container, inserting the needle into the buds, and injecting the liquid medicine in the container into the buds through gravity, so that the pinching-free effect is achieved. The second guide pipe changes the growth direction of the buds to enable the buds to grow downwards, the same effect as that of artificial branch pulling is achieved, and labor cost is greatly saved.
Salicylic acid is a simple phenolic compound generated in plants, and has wide physiological effects in the aspects of plant growth, development, maturation, aging regulation, stress resistance induction and the like. Endothelin is an active polypeptide consisting of 21 amino acid residues, is considered to be a major paracrine and daughter secretion regulator in various organs, and has a wide range of physiological functions. Its effect on cell kinetics has been widely described. However, the effect of endothelin as an active peptide on plant growth has been rarely studied. The research of the patent finds that the growth of winter jujube buds can be inhibited by mixing salicylic acid and endothelin according to a certain concentration proportion.
Further, the ratio (concentration) of the salicylic acid and the endothelin mixed liquid medicine is as follows: salicylic acid 200-400 mu mol/L, endothelin 10-120 mu mol/L.
Further, the method further comprises: the lamp with the negative regulation effect on the plant growth is laid on the ground, the lamp with the positive regulation effect on the plant growth is laid above the tree crown, the lamp with the negative regulation effect on the plant growth irradiates the back of the leaf, and the lamp with the positive regulation effect on the plant growth irradiates the front of the leaf, and the lamps are alternately used at night. The application of yellow light can inhibit the growth of plant nutrition, promote the generation of adverse-resistant substances, and achieve the purposes of avoiding pinching and branch pulling of the jujube trees and realizing normal fruiting.
Furthermore, the lamp with the negative regulation effect on the plant growth is a yellow LED lamp, and the lamp with the positive regulation effect on the plant growth is a blue-violet LED lamp.
Furthermore, the illumination intensity is 400-1200Lux.
Further, the specific period of the alternate use is: the blue-violet LED lamp is lighted for 2-4 hours after the yellow LED lamp is lighted for 2-3 hours, and the cyclic irradiation is carried out twice at night.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pinching-free and branch-pulling-free device for the winter jujube trees, provided by the invention, is exquisite and simple in structure and low in production cost, is applied to the winter jujube trees, the mixed liquid medicine of salicylic acid and endothelin is injected through the first conduit, the container and the needle head to inhibit the growth of buds, the growth direction of the buds is changed through the second conduit to enable the buds to grow downwards, a manual treatment mode of pinching or repeated pinching is not required, pinching-free and branch-pulling-free are realized, the cross infection of plant diseases and insect pests can be avoided, and the labor cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or prior art solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the pinching-free and branch-pulling-free device for the winter jujube trees.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a point a in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the device for picking-free and branch-pulling-free winter jujube tree covering on the bud.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 3.
In the figure, 1-catheter one, 2-catheter two, 3-container, 4-needle, 5-opening one, 6-plug one, 7-opening two, 8-plug two, 9-forceps, 10-branch, 11-shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, a device for avoiding pinching and branch pulling for winter jujube trees comprises a first conduit 1 and a second conduit 2, wherein the first conduit 1 and the second conduit 2 are round pipes and are made of high-density polyethylene, the first conduit 1 and the second conduit 2 are connected in an inverted V shape and are communicated with each other, an included angle between the first conduit 1 and the second conduit 2 is 120 degrees, ports of the first conduit 1 and the second conduit 2 are in an open state, a container 3 is arranged outside the first conduit 1, the upper half part of the container 3 is hollow, the lower half part of the container 3 is solid, the container 3 is fixed and communicated with a needle 4, the needle 4 is positioned inside the first conduit 1, the length of the needle 4 is 0.35cm, the aperture is 0.7mm, and a mutually fixed assembly formed by the container 3 and the needle 4 rotates on the first conduit 1 along an axis 11; the top end of the container 3 is provided with a first opening 5, and the bottom end of the container is provided with a second opening 7; the upper part of the first guide pipe 1 is provided with a first plug 6, the lower part of the first guide pipe 1 is provided with a second plug 7, the first opening 5 and the first plug 6 can be clamped, and the second opening 7 and the second plug 8 can be clamped; forceps 9 are also provided at the front end of the catheter to secure the device to a tree branch 10.
Before use, the opening I and the plug I are locked to fix the container and prevent the liquid medicine from leaking; when the medical liquid collecting device is used, the container and the needle head are rotated, the second opening and the second plug are clamped to fix the container, and the first opening is opened to facilitate the medical liquid to permeate into buds along the needle head under the action of gravity.
Example 2
A method for picking and branch pulling-free winter jujube trees comprises the following specific steps: when the current new part of the sprout meets the requirements of 2.5-4cm in length and 0.3-0.4cm in thickness, sleeving the device containing the mixed liquid medicine of salicylic acid and endothelin on the sprout through a conduit, wherein the ratio (concentration) of the mixed liquid medicine of salicylic acid and endothelin is as follows: salicylic acid 300 mu mol/L and endothelin 70 mu mol/L. Then the branch is clamped by tweezers, the second opening and the second plug are clamped by rotating the container, the needle head is inserted into the bud, and the liquid medicine in the container can be injected into the bud through gravity, so that the pinching-free effect is achieved. The second guide pipe changes the growth direction of the buds to enable the buds to grow downwards, the same effect as that of artificial branch pulling is achieved, and labor cost is greatly saved.
Paving a yellow light LED lamp on the ground, paving a blue-violet light LED lamp above a tree crown, wherein the yellow light LED lamp irradiates the back surface of a leaf, the blue-violet light LED lamp irradiates the front surface of the leaf, the illumination intensity is 620Lux, the yellow light LED lamp is used alternately at night, and the specific period of the alternate use is as follows: the yellow LED lamp lights for 3 hours, then the blue-violet LED lamp lights for 3 hours, and the cycle irradiation is carried out twice at night.
Test example 1
Selecting 10 five-year-old winter jujube trees with consistent growth vigor, and performing pinching-free and branch-pulling-free treatment on 5 winter jujube trees by adopting the device of the embodiment 1 and the method of the embodiment 2 in the middle ten days of 3 months. And (3) carrying out pinching or branch pulling treatment on other 5 winter jujube trees (a comparison group) without using the device and using the method, wherein other growth conditions and management measures are the same, and counting the yield of the winter jujubes when the winter jujubes are harvested in 10 th of the month.
Statistics shows that the yield of the winter jujubes in the embodiment 2 is 15-20 kg/plant, and the yield of the winter jujubes in the control group is 2-2.5 kg/plant.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the drawings in connection with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A device for avoiding pinching and branch pulling of winter jujube trees is characterized by comprising a first guide pipe and a second guide pipe, wherein the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe are connected in an inverted V shape and are communicated with each other, ports of the first guide pipe and the second guide pipe are in an open state, a container is arranged outside the first guide pipe, the container is fixed and communicated with a needle head, the needle head is positioned inside the first guide pipe, and a mutually fixed combined body formed by the container and the needle head rotates on the first guide pipe along an axis; the top end of the container is provided with a first opening, and the bottom end of the container is provided with a second opening; the upper part of the first guide pipe is provided with a first plug, the lower part of the first guide pipe is provided with a second plug, the first opening and the first plug can be clamped, and the second opening and the second plug can be clamped; forceps are also arranged at the front end of the catheter.
2. The pinching-free and branch-pulling-free device for the winter jujube tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle between the first conduit and the second conduit is 100-140 degrees.
3. The device for avoiding pinching and branch pulling for the winter jujube tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the needle head is 0.3-0.4cm, and the aperture is 0.5-0.8mm.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are made of high density polyethylene.
5. A method for picking and branch pulling-free winter jujube trees is characterized in that the device of claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following specific steps: when the current new part of the bud meets the requirements of 2.5-4cm in length and 0.3-0.4cm in thickness, sleeving the device containing the mixed liquid medicine of salicylic acid and endothelin in the container on the bud through the first guide pipe, clamping the branch with tweezers, clamping the second opening and the second plug by rotating the container, inserting the needle into the bud, injecting the liquid medicine in the container into the bud through gravity, and changing the growth direction of the bud through the second guide pipe to enable the bud to grow downwards.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ratio of the salicylic acid to the endothelin mixed liquor is as follows: salicylic acid 200-400 mu mol/L, endothelin 10-120 mu mol/L.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises: the lamp with the negative regulation effect on the plant growth is laid on the ground, the lamp with the positive regulation effect on the plant growth is laid above the tree crown, the lamp with the negative regulation effect on the plant growth irradiates the back of the leaves, and the lamp with the positive regulation effect on the plant growth irradiates the front of the leaves, and the lamps are alternately used at night.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the lamp with negative control effect on plant growth is a yellow LED lamp, and the lamp with positive control effect on plant growth is a blue-violet LED lamp.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the illumination intensity is 400-1200Lux.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the specific period of alternate use is: the blue-violet LED lamp is lighted for 2-4 hours after the yellow LED lamp is lighted for 2-3 hours, and the cycle irradiation is carried out twice at night.
CN202210289991.4A 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Device and method for picking-free and branch-pulling-free winter jujube tree Active CN114631455B (en)

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CN115517097B (en) * 2022-09-15 2023-11-10 河北农业大学 Device for preventing and controlling fruit shrinkage of winter jujubes with short branches and application method thereof

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CN107996170A (en) * 2016-10-30 2018-05-08 湖北文理学院 A kind of Novel environmental-sanitation branch bar folder
CN107593262A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-01-19 舒城县河棚科技创新协会 Arched branch-pulling device for tea oil tree shaping
CN215898472U (en) * 2021-08-02 2022-02-25 深圳罗湖区鸿雅园艺中心 Direction conversion structure and liana draw gear

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