CN114617038A - Potato-cutting, bud-digging and single-plant planting method - Google Patents
Potato-cutting, bud-digging and single-plant planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114617038A CN114617038A CN202210411766.3A CN202210411766A CN114617038A CN 114617038 A CN114617038 A CN 114617038A CN 202210411766 A CN202210411766 A CN 202210411766A CN 114617038 A CN114617038 A CN 114617038A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101710172072 Kexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method for planting single potato by cutting into pieces and digging buds aims to save labor and time and reduce production cost; the seed potatoes are selected firstly, then are cut into pieces and bud picking, the sizes of the cut potato pieces are uniform, and only one bud eye is kept for each piece; using carbendazim powder 1: 200 times of the seed soaking water is used for sterilizing and disinfecting; after the seed blocks are dried, the seedbed germination acceleration is started; when sowing, placing the seed blocks into the ditch with the seed buds facing upwards; after sowing, the seedlings are exposed to soil about 20 days, and the seedlings can be slightly filmed to release wind so as to prevent the seedlings from being steamed; watering the potatoes after the potatoes appear in flowers, and timely removing buds; the prevention and control of aphids are mainly performed in the seedling stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method for cutting potatoes into pieces, digging buds and planting single potatoes.
Background
The potato is mainly planted by using potato tubers as seed potatoes, each potato tuber is provided with a plurality of bud eyes, and each bud eye can grow a plant, so that the potato is generally planted by cutting.
At present, the potato cultivation production generally adopts the cutting planting, one potato block is planted in each hole, 2 or more than 2 plants can often grow in each hole, the redundant plants need to be pulled out, and the high yield can be realized only by reserving one plant in each hole. The invention patent of invention 'a potato species dicing method' applied by potato industrialization engineering technology limited company in south of Hunan province (Chinese patent application No. 2006100318429) mainly provides a novel potato dicing method, and requires at least 2 normal bud eyes on each seed block, and does not mention field management after seedling emergence. This may result in at least 2 plants per hole, which, if left unchecked, can affect yield and commercial yields.
In the production of potatoes, one plant is planted in each hole, the yield is high, and the commodity potato rate is high; otherwise, the yield is slightly low, and the commodity rate is greatly reduced along with the increase of the number of plants. For this reason, each seed piece was cut with the least possible bud eyes remaining. If the seed potato is small, the cut potato blocks have 2 or more bud eyes, 2 or more plants can grow in each hole after sowing, in order to achieve the purposes of high yield and high commodity potato rate, the excess plants need to be pulled out in production, and one robust plant is reserved in each hole. In potato planting, the phenomenon of multiple plants often appears in each hole, and the redundant plants need to be pulled out manually after seedling emergence, which takes labor and time. At present, the labor force in rural areas is reduced, and the labor cost is increased year by year. In the production of the potatoes, the excessive plants are thinned, which becomes the main cost of the production of the potatoes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a simple and feasible potato cutting, bud digging and single-plant planting method which is labor-saving, time-saving, low in production cost.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potato selection: the potato seeds suitable for local planting are selected to produce potatoes, the potato seeds are required to have no disease spots and scars, and the weight of a single potato is more than 30 g;
(2) cutting into blocks and digging buds: the seed potatoes are cut into pieces 20 days before sowing; the single potato blocks weighing 50 g-30 g are not cut into pieces; the single potato blocks of more than 50 g are evenly longitudinally cut into two or more halves, but the weight of the cut potato blocks is more than 25 g; the cut potato blocks are uniform in size, only one eye is reserved in each potato block, and the cut is close to the eye as much as possible. The potato blocks are provided with 2 or more than 2 bud eyes, the sharp blade is used for removing the redundant bud eyes, and each potato block is reserved with one strong bud eye.
(3) Seed potato treatment: putting the cut potato blocks in a dry place, airing the cut open water to promote wound healing, and then treating the cut open water with carbendazim powder 1: 200 times of the seed soaking water is used for sterilizing and disinfecting;
(4) accelerating germination: after the seed blocks are dried, the seed blocks are germinated on the seedbed, sand is used for germination at the room angle of more than 15 ℃ at room temperature, and the seed blocks are layered with sand; when the bud grows to 0.2-0.5 cm, the seedling can be sowed;
(5) fine sowing: during sowing, placing seed blocks into the ditches, enabling seed buds to face upwards, taking soil from two sides in the large rows to well cover the potato ditches and the spaces of the small rows, covering the soil with the thickness of 10cm, and tightly covering and compacting by adding a micro-film;
(6) exposing and seedling releasing: after about 20 days of sowing, seedlings are exposed, and at the moment, the microfilms can be scratched to release wind at the seedling emergence position to prevent the seedlings from being steamed; when the seedlings grow to 10cm high, tightly pressing the film around the seedlings with soil to preserve water and press grass;
(7) field management: watering is not needed in the early growth stage of the potatoes, and watering is carried out after flowers appear; if no rain exists in a dry land, watering can be carried out once every 10 days, the seeds can be matured by generally watering for 2-3 times, and the watering is stopped 10 days before harvesting. Preventing insect pests such as aphids or thrips in the seedling stage. And timely picking off buds in the bud period.
The germination accelerating treatment can be carried out outdoors, holes are dug in the east-west direction of a ventilated sunny place by 23-30 cm, seed blocks are arranged in a sand layer by layer, an arched shed film is added for covering, and a grass curtain is covered at night for heat preservation. During germination accelerating treatment, the seed blocks are layered with sand, preferably 3 layers.
The method is simple and easy to implement, and can solve the problems that after the conventional potato blocks are planted, the potato blocks emit 2 or more sprouts due to more sprouts, and after a plurality of sprouts emerge, the potatoes can be manually pulled out to leave 1 plant in each hole to be robust, so that not only is labor and time consumed, but also the seedlings are not robust, and after the potatoes are sown, only one plant of the potato seedlings is produced in each hole. Generally, the yield can be increased by more than 10%, the commodity rate can be increased by more than 20%, and the workload can be reduced by about 10%.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in 4-month middle ten days of 2020, in Xincun village (altitude 1300 m) in Beipingzhen county, the method is applied to test 2 mu of land for planting potatoes, and 7 mu of land for planting potatoes by a traditional method is used for comparison. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potato selection: selecting potato No. 5 suitable for local planting;
(2) cutting into blocks and digging buds: the seed potatoes are cut into pieces 20 days before sowing; the cut potato blocks are uniform in size and more than 25 g in weight; each block is kept with at least one bud eye, and the cut is as close to the bud eye as possible; and (4) digging redundant bud eyes by using a sharp blade, and reserving a strong bud eye for each potato block.
(3) Seed potato treatment: putting the cut potato blocks in a dry place, airing the cut open water to promote wound healing, and then treating the cut open water with carbendazim powder 1: 200 times of the seed soaking water is used for sterilizing and disinfecting;
(4) accelerating germination: after the seed blocks are dried, the seed bed is started to accelerate germination, sand is used for accelerating germination at a room angle with the room temperature of more than 15 ℃, and the seed blocks are layered with sand;
(5) fine sowing: during sowing, placing seed blocks into the ditches, enabling seed buds to face upwards, taking soil from two sides in the large rows to well cover the potato ditches and the spaces of the small rows, covering the soil with the thickness of 10cm, and tightly covering and compacting by adding a micro-film;
(6) exposing and seedling releasing: after about 20 days of sowing, seedlings are exposed, and the micro-film is scratched to release wind at the seedling emergence part to prevent the seedlings from being steamed; when the seedlings grow to 10cm high, tightly pressing the film around the seedlings with soil to preserve water and press grass;
(7) field management: preventing insect pests such as aphids or thrips in the seedling stage. And timely picking off buds in the bud period.
In the absence of irrigation (dry land), the film was covered with black microfilms, and harvested in the last 8 months, as was the case with other management conditions.
Tests show that 7300 kg of potatoes are harvested in 2 mu of land planted by the method, the commodity rate reaches 90%, the average selling price is 1.4 yuan/kg, the yield is 8574 yuan, and the average yield per mu is 4387 yuan. Planting 7 mu of potatoes in the same land by adopting a traditional method, harvesting 22750 kg of potatoes, wherein the commodity rate is 73%, the average selling price is 1.4 yuan/kg, the yield value is 23250 yuan, and the average yield per mu is 3321 yuan.
Example 2:
in late 3 months of 2020, in northern King Zheqiao northern village (elevation 850 m) of the Floating mountain county, 15 mu of potatoes are covered by a mulching film, the management of land preparation, fertilization, pest control and the like is the same, and 7 mu of potatoes are planted by adopting a cutting, bud digging and single-plant planting method. Selecting potatoes suitable for local planting to produce Kexin I; the other steps are the same as in example 1.
Tests show that the investment of seed potato cutting and bud picking is 400 yuan, 18900 kg of harvested potatoes, the commodity rate is 89%, the selling price of commercial potatoes is 1.4 yuan/kg, and the total yield is 23550 yuan; under the same plot condition, the traditional method is adopted to plant 7 mu, the investment of seed potato cutting is 180 yuan, the potato thinning is 1400 yuan, 17000 kg of harvested potatoes, the commodity rate is 85%, the selling price of commercial potatoes is 1.4 yuan/kg, and the total yield is 20230 yuan.
Example 3:
in 3 rd last ten days of 2021, 5 mu of water-irrigated land potatoes are covered by a mulching film in the large-pagodatree town Qinqiancun (the altitude is 500 m) in Hongkong county of Shanxi province, and 2 mu of single-plant potato is planted by adopting a cut-block bud-digging planting method under the same management conditions. Selecting potatoes which are suitable for local planting to produce purple-flower white seeds; the other steps are the same as in example 1. After the potatoes grow and see flowers, drip irrigation is adopted for watering once.
Experiments show that the investment of seed potato cutting and bud picking is 200 yuan, 7150 kg of potatoes are harvested in the middle 6 months, the commodity rate is 96%, the selling price of commercial potatoes is 1.1 yuan/kg, the total yield is 7550 yuan, and the average mu yield is 3775 yuan; under the same plot condition, planting 3 mu by adopting a traditional method, cutting the potato seeds into blocks, investing 130 Yuan, thinning the potatoes for 600 Yuan, harvesting the potatoes for 10300 Kg in the middle of 6 months, achieving a commodity rate of 94%, selling the commodity potatoes for 1.1 Yuan/Kg, a total yield of 10650 Yuan and an average yield per mu of 3550 Yuan.
Claims (7)
1. A potato cut-block bud digging single-plant planting method is characterized in that:
(1) seed potato selection: no disease spots or scars, and the weight of the potato is more than 30 g;
(2) cutting into blocks and digging buds: the seed potatoes are cut into pieces 20 days before sowing, and the weight of each piece of cut potato pieces is 30-50 g; the sizes are uniform, only one bud eye is reserved in each block, and the cut is close to the bud eye as much as possible;
(3) seed potato treatment: putting the cut potato blocks in a dry place, airing the cut open water to promote wound healing, and then treating the cut open water with carbendazim powder 1: 200 times of the seed soaking water is used for sterilizing and disinfecting;
(4) accelerating germination: after the seed blocks are dried, the seed blocks are germinated on the seedbed, sand is used for germination at the room angle of more than 15 ℃ at room temperature, and the seed blocks are layered with sand; the bud grows to 0.2-0.5 cm;
(5) fine sowing: during sowing, placing seed blocks into the ditches, enabling seed buds to face upwards, taking soil from two sides in the large rows to well cover the potato ditches and the spaces of the small rows, covering the soil with the thickness of 10cm, and tightly covering and compacting by adding a micro-film;
(6) exposing and seedling releasing: after sowing, the seedlings are exposed to soil about 20 days, and at the moment, the seedlings can be slightly filmed to break and release wind so as to prevent the seedlings from being steamed; when the seedlings grow to 10cm high, tightly pressing the film around the seedlings with soil to preserve water and press grass;
(7) field management: watering is not needed in the early growth stage of the potatoes, watering is carried out after flowers appear, and flower buds are removed in time; the prevention and control of aphids are mainly performed in the seedling stage.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination process is carried out outdoors by digging 23-30 cm holes in the direction from sun to east, covering with plastic film, covering with straw curtain, and keeping warm.
3. The method for planting the single potato in the form of the cut pieces according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the germination process is carried out by covering the seed pieces with sand layer by layer, preferably 3 layers.
4. The method for planting the potato with the cut pieces and the single sprout picked up by the sprout picking up device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the potato pieces have 2 or more sprout eyes, a sharp blade is needed to pick up the redundant sprout eyes, and only one robust sprout eye is reserved on each potato piece.
5. The method for planting the cut potato buds by digging as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein when the seed potatoes are cut into pieces, the single potato pieces weighing 50 g to 30 g are not cut into pieces; the potato pieces larger than 50 g are evenly slit into two or more halves.
6. The method for planting the cut potato shoots of the single plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water is added every 10 days after the flowers appear, the potatoes can be ripe after the flowers are dry and rainless, the potatoes are generally added with 2-3 times of water, and the water addition is stopped 10 days before the potatoes are harvested.
7. The method for planting the cut potato pieces into the single plants by bud picking as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the seedlings are protected from insect pests such as aphids or thrips.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210411766.3A CN114617038A (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Potato-cutting, bud-digging and single-plant planting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210411766.3A CN114617038A (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Potato-cutting, bud-digging and single-plant planting method |
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| CN114617038A true CN114617038A (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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| CN202210411766.3A Pending CN114617038A (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Potato-cutting, bud-digging and single-plant planting method |
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