CN114586680A - Method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton - Google Patents
Method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN114586680A CN114586680A CN202210340773.9A CN202210340773A CN114586680A CN 114586680 A CN114586680 A CN 114586680A CN 202210340773 A CN202210340773 A CN 202210340773A CN 114586680 A CN114586680 A CN 114586680A
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- pollen
- pollination
- seed production
- female parent
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- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency pollination method for hybrid cotton seed production, which is characterized in that a female parent is sowed in advance in ten days of 4 months, seed production can be carried out by adopting a film-covering direct sowing or seedling transplanting mode, a male parent is sowed 5-7 days earlier than the female parent, and the planting ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:3-1: 5; after the flower-entering period, picking off the flower buds to be opened in the next day 4-5 pm before pollination, removing 1/3-1/2 parts at the lower part of the green bract, discarding the petal and sepal parts, selecting out the flower column and anther, placing on a moisture-proof paper (clean newspaper is also available), and placing the moisture-proof paper at a ventilated place; the next day, placing the flower column and anther in a fine-hole sieve, sieving pollen, and placing the pollen in a pollen bottle; the upper end of the pollen bottle is provided with a rubber plug, and the diameter of the opening of the plug is about 5mm, so that the column cap can be conveniently inserted deeply; storing the pollen in a glass bottle; pollinating by taking a small bottle at 6-10 am, prolonging labor time in full-bloom period, and avoiding high-temperature weather; the problems of pollen activity weakening, low hybridization boll forming rate and the like caused by high temperature are solved, and the seed production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a high-efficiency pollination method for hybrid cotton seed production.
Background
Hybrid cotton refers to cotton seeds produced by hybridization and sometimes cotton planted with hybrid seeds. The hybrid cotton fully utilizes the heterosis of the cotton, greatly improves the fiber quality, enhances the capability of resisting diseases and insects and the like, so that the cotton hybrid seeds quickly occupy more than 80 percent of the cotton area of the whole Yangtze river basin, and the cotton area of the yellow river basin and the cotton area of Xinjiang province are also quickly developed, thereby providing a new step on the cotton yield. The hybrid breeding generally utilizes conventional cotton as a parent to breed hybrid and utilizes cotton sterile line and restorer line as parents to breed hybrid, and the two methods respectively have the advantages and the disadvantages: the conventional cotton parent is utilized to breed the hybrid, the parent is free to select and is easy to obtain strong advantage combination, but the defects are that the hybrid production is performed through artificial emasculation and pollination, the seed production is complicated and the cost is high; the method for breeding the hybrid seeds by utilizing the cotton sterile line and the restorer line does not need manual emasculation, simplifies the seed production, has low cost, and has the defects that the combination matching is limited by the parents of the sterile line and the restorer line, and the dominant combination screening is difficult. However, every pollination link is required to be performed, the pollination method introduced by the patent effectively advances the pollination time, avoids operation under high temperature conditions, improves the pollination efficiency, is suitable for large-area seed production, and simultaneously avoids the problem of low boll forming rate of the hybrid cotton caused by bee death due to high temperature, rainy weather and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The method solves the problems in the existing hybrid cotton seed production process, and provides a method for high-efficiency hybrid cotton seed production and pollination.
The invention adopts the following scheme:
a method for high-efficiency pollination of hybrid cotton seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sowing the seed production female parent, and covering a film on the female parent for direct sowing or seedling transplantation in the first ten days of 4 months, wherein the density is 1200 plus 1500 plants/mu. Sowing the male parent 5-7 days earlier than the female parent, wherein the planting ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:3-1:5, and the flower season is guaranteed to meet;
and S2, entering the flowering phase, emasculating the flower buds to be opened by the female parent in the next day at 3-5 pm in the previous day, and marking. Taking flower buds of the male parent to be opened next day, removing 1/3-1/2 parts at the lower part of green bract, discarding petals, sepals and other parts, picking out stamen, placing on moisture-proof paper, and shading in ventilated place to dry and disperse powder;
s3, screening pollen with a fine mesh screen for the second day, collecting the pollen, and placing the pollen in a pollen bottle for storage;
s4, placing the screened pollen in a pollen bottle for pollination, and pollinating the castrated female parent (or sterile line).
As a further optimization, in step S3 of the present invention, the fine mesh screen is a 100-mesh 150-mesh screen.
As a further optimization, in step S4 of the present invention, the pollination time can be extended to 3-6 pm during full-bloom, but can be kept away from high temperature weather, typically 6-10 am.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. the seeding is advanced, thereby being beneficial to fully utilizing photo-thermal resources, realizing early seedling, strengthening the seedlings, early flowering and early seed production;
2. the pollen utilization rate is improved, and the pollination quality is guaranteed. The pollen is utilized for direct pollination, so that the utilization rate of the pollen can be improved, the contact between the stigma of the female parent and the pollen is more comprehensive, and the pollination quality is ensured;
3. the seed production efficiency is improved, the seed production yield level is improved, and the seed production cost is reduced;
4. reduce high-temperature working time and ensure pollen activity. The seed production method can be operated at 5-10 am and 3-6 pm, avoids high temperature period, reduces pollen activity reduction caused by high temperature, and avoids discomfort to human body caused by high temperature.
5. The materials required by the method, such as the moisture-proof paper (newspaper), the pollen bottle, the screen and the like, are simple to manufacture, convenient to operate and carry and use.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a seed production and pollination method of cotton hybrid, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing the seed production female parent, and covering a film on the female parent for direct sowing or seedling transplantation in the first ten days of 4 months, wherein the density is 1200 plus 1500 plants/mu. Sowing the male parent 5-7 days earlier than the female parent, wherein the planting ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:3-1:5, and the flower season is guaranteed to meet;
and S2, entering the flowering phase, emasculating the flower buds to be opened on the next day at 3-5 pm before pollination, and marking by using wool. Taking flower buds of the male parent to be opened in the next day, taking back, cutting off 1/3 at the lower part of the green bract with scissors, discarding the parts such as petals, sepals and the like, picking out the stamen group, airing on moisture-proof paper (newspaper), and placing in a cool and ventilated place to facilitate breaking of pollen sacs and spreading of pollen;
s3, in the morning of pollination, placing stamens and the like on a 100-mesh sieve, screening pollen, placing the pollen on new moisture-proof paper (clean newspaper), and transferring the pollen to a pollen bottle for later use.
S4, putting pollen in the pollen bottle to 2/3 position, inverting the bottle when pollinating, extending pistil stigma into the pollen bottle from the leather plug hole to make the pollen fully contact with the stigma, taking off the pollen bottle, tying line and marking.
Practical examples are as follows:
selecting a 500-meter land mass 1200m without cotton planting2Selecting a self-breeding sterile line J11A as a female parent and a restoring line R-206 as a male parent, and sowing the male parent 5 days earlier than the female parent according to the planting proportion of 1:4 of the male parent to the female parent in one ridge and two rows for seedling and transplanting. In the early flowering stage, flower buds opened in the next day of the male parent R-206 are taken at 4-5 pm before pollination and are treated according to the method. At 6 am the next day pollen was screened and placed in pollen bottles for future use. When pollinating, the pollen bottle is inverted, the pistil stigma is extended into the pollen bottle from the plug hole, the pollen is fully contacted with the stigma, the pollen bottle is taken out, and the line is tied for marking. The field can be manually finished at 10 am by 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for high-efficiency seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing the seed production female parent, and performing film mulching direct seeding or seedling transplanting on the female parent in the first ten days of 4 months, wherein the density is 1200 plus 1500 plants/mu; sowing the male parent 5-7 days earlier than the female parent, wherein the planting ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:3-1:5, and the flower season is guaranteed to meet;
s2, entering a flowering phase, emasculating the flower buds of the female parent which need to be opened in the next day at 3-5 pm in the previous day, and marking; taking flower buds of the male parent to be opened in the next day, removing 1/3-1/2 parts of the lower part of green bracts, discarding petals and sepals, picking out stamens from the flower buds, and shading in a ventilated place to dry and disperse powder;
s3, screening pollen with a fine mesh screen for the second day, collecting the pollen, and placing the pollen in a pollen bottle for storage;
s4, placing the pollen screened in S3 in a pollen bottle for pollination, and pollinating the castrated female parent or sterile line.
2. The method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the fine mesh screen is 100-150 mesh.
3. The method for high-efficiency seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the pollination time is properly prolonged to 3-6 pm in the full-bloom stage, but can be kept away from high-temperature weather, and the pollination is generally carried out at 6-10 am.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210340773.9A CN114586680A (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210340773.9A CN114586680A (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114586680A true CN114586680A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210340773.9A Pending CN114586680A (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Method for efficient seed production and pollination of hybrid cotton |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1046833A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-11-14 | 新疆生产建设兵团农业建设第一师农业科学研究所 | Cotton three series mating breeding technology |
| CN1382371A (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2002-12-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Process for preparing cotton seeds by crossing between two high temp sensitive male sterility lines |
| CN102948364A (en) * | 2012-11-11 | 2013-03-06 | 潜江市特色作物高科研究所 | High-yield and good-quality insect-resistant cotton hybrid with big cotton bolls and breeding method thereof |
| CN109287474A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton hybrid seed production method and pollination tube |
-
2022
- 2022-04-02 CN CN202210340773.9A patent/CN114586680A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1046833A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-11-14 | 新疆生产建设兵团农业建设第一师农业科学研究所 | Cotton three series mating breeding technology |
| CN1382371A (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2002-12-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Process for preparing cotton seeds by crossing between two high temp sensitive male sterility lines |
| CN102948364A (en) * | 2012-11-11 | 2013-03-06 | 潜江市特色作物高科研究所 | High-yield and good-quality insect-resistant cotton hybrid with big cotton bolls and breeding method thereof |
| CN109287474A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton hybrid seed production method and pollination tube |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 管志娟等: ""棉花杂交制种高产栽培技术"", 《种业导刊》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220607 |
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