CN114208568A - Kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208568A CN114208568A CN202111215875.XA CN202111215875A CN114208568A CN 114208568 A CN114208568 A CN 114208568A CN 202111215875 A CN202111215875 A CN 202111215875A CN 114208568 A CN114208568 A CN 114208568A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method, which comprises the steps of dividing a plurality of planting boxes with the width of 6m, planting a row of female plants with the row spacing of 2.5m and a row of male plants with the row spacing of 2.5m in each planting box, wherein the number ratio of the male plants to the female plants is 1: 1; constructing a rain shelter on each planting carriage respectively, and laying a traction rope based on the frame surface structure and a support main body of the rain shelter; the male and female plants were trimmed at the appropriate time. This technical scheme utilizes upwards to pull the technique, and make full use of space increases kiwi fruit branch and leaf area, adopts the facility cultivation, and effective prevention and control leads to the fact bad influence because of natural disasters scheduling problem to kiwi fruit growth, adopts multiple male plant of kiwi fruit of planting, prunes male plant at reasonable time, leaves the space to the growth of kiwi fruit female plant, and the guarantee kiwi fruit pollination is good, improves kiwi fruit product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method.
Background
China is the origin of kiwi fruits and new zealand was introduced in the early 20 th century. The kiwi fruit is soft in texture, sour and sweet in taste and extremely high in nutritional value and medicinal value, contains organic substances such as actinidine, proteolytic enzyme, tannin pectin and saccharides, trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc and germanium and 17 amino acids required by a human body, and also contains abundant vitamin C, glucose, fructose, citric acid, malic acid and fat, so that the kiwi fruit enjoys the reputations of 'king of vitamin C', 'king of fruit' and 'world treasure fruit'. The quality of the kiwi fruits is good, the planting benefit is high, the kiwi fruits become a special fruit industry which is striven for development in various places, the quality and the yield of the kiwi fruits are improved according to the continuous improvement of the living standard of human beings and the continuous increase of the demand of the kiwi fruits, and the development of the field of kiwi fruit planting and production is an important direction.
In order to improve the yield of the kiwi fruits, the invention patent application with the publication number of CN109601216A in the prior art discloses a cultivation method of the kiwi fruits on a flat vertical frame, which comprises the following steps: the planting method of the Chinese gooseberry 'flat vertical frame' is implemented, namely, male and female plants are separately planted in rows and alternately; planting frames of the Chinese gooseberry 'flat vertical frames' are implemented; the shaping and pruning mode of female plant 'one trunk and two layers of vine and four-level branch fruiting' and the high-tension drawing technology of female plant pre-prepared branch are implemented. According to the invention, the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of the kiwi fruit is realized by innovating the vertical frame mode and the frame surface structure of the kiwi fruit and improving the field planting mode and the shaping and trimming method of the kiwi fruit in a matching manner. However, the method has the problems that the bearing branches of the kiwi fruits are overlapped with the vegetative branches, male plants and female plants are mixed, and pollination on one surface of the female plants is poor.
In addition, the invention patent with the central publication number of the prior art of CN109429855A discloses a kiwi fruit planting method, which adopts a 'big and small pedestrian character frame' and a matched shaping and trimming technology, a 'high-tension traction' technology of prepared branches and a 'public tree row' technology, skillfully changes the vertical frame form and the planting mode, absolutely increases the planting density, relatively improves the environmental conditions, scientifically optimizes the group structure, effectively improves the most suitable leaf area index, fully utilizes the space, the soil fertility and the photo-thermal resources, and creates a more harmonious field ecological environment. Compared with the traditional cultivation mode, under the same production condition, the novel technology can be advanced to the full fruit period by 1-2 years, the yield can be increased by more than 20% every year, and the soluble solid content in the fruit can be increased by about 2%. However, the method has the problems of high planting density of kiwi fruits, inconvenience in cultivation and management of orchards and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the development needs in the field of kiwi fruit planting at present and aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method, which utilizes an upward traction technology, fully utilizes space, increases the area of kiwi fruit branches and leaves, adopts facility cultivation, effectively prevents and controls adverse effects on kiwi fruit growth caused by natural disasters and other problems, adopts multiple kinds of planted kiwi fruit male plants, prunes male plants in reasonable time, leaves space for the growth of kiwi fruit female plants, ensures good pollination of kiwi fruit, and improves the quality of kiwi fruit products.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of land planning, planting of kiwi fruit seedlings, cultivation of kiwi fruit tree branches, establishment of facilities, facility traction, shaping and pruning of male plants and shaping and pruning of female plants.
And (3) land planning: measuring the land size, dividing a plurality of planting compartments with the width of 6m according to the land area and the structure, wherein the interval between every two adjacent planting compartments is 1m, and marking the positions of all the planting compartments in a line drawing manner; then, ditch with the width of 1m and the height of 0.6-0.8m is arranged at the edge of the land and between two adjacent planting cabins along the drawn line mark.
The kiwi fruit seedling planting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the step of planting a kiwi fruit seedling unit which is 1.25m away from a ditch at the edge of a land in each planting compartment, wherein each kiwi fruit seedling unit comprises a row of female plants with the plant spacing of 2.5m and a row of male plants with the plant spacing of 2.5m, the number ratio of the male plants to the female plants is 1:1, the female plants are 1.5m away from a left side ditch of the planting compartment, and the male plants are 1.5m away from a right side ditch of the planting compartment.
The kiwi fruit branch and stem culture: culturing the tree form of the number of the kiwi fruits in summer of the second year after the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted; culturing a main rod and at least two side branch rods for each male plant, and arranging the cultured side branch rods on a nearby frame surface structure; culturing a main rod and two side branch rods for each female plant, drawing the two side branch rods towards two opposite directions along a nearby frame surface structure, and then sequentially connecting all the female plants in the same planting compartment into a row through the corresponding side branch rods.
The building facilities are as follows: the method comprises the steps of respectively building a rain shelter on each planting compartment, wherein the rain shelter comprises a ceiling, a reinforcing bracket and two strut units which are respectively arranged along the arrangement direction of female plants and the arrangement direction of the female plants; each support column unit comprises a plurality of support columns arranged at intervals of 5m, and every two adjacent support columns are spaced by two kiwi fruit trees; the top ends of all the support columns are fixedly connected with the reinforcing support, the bottom ends of the support columns are inserted into soil, the ceiling is installed on the reinforcing support, and the distance between the reinforcing support and the compartment surface is 3.8 m; the two sides of the rain shelter are respectively provided with a frame surface structure along the length direction of the planting carriage, and the frame surface structures are connected to the vertical columns and are 2m away from the carriage surface.
The facility traction is realized by laying a traction rope based on a frame surface structure and a support body of the rain shelter, and the facility traction method comprises the following steps:
A. respectively arranging 8 connecting points corresponding to each female plant on a frame surface structure close to the female plants, wherein the interval between every two adjacent connecting points is 30 cm;
B. preparing 8 hauling ropes for each female plant, and correspondingly connecting one ends of the 8 hauling ropes to 8 connection points respectively;
C. searching two draw points for each female plant; searching a male plant which is closest to the female plant in a planting compartment where the corresponding female plant is located, selecting a branch column body which is closest to the male plant, and arranging a first traction point on the branch column body at a position 3.8m away from a compartment surface; searching a male plant closest to the female plant in the adjacent planting compartment of the corresponding female plant, selecting a branch column closest to the male plant, and arranging a second traction point on the branch column at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface;
D. arranging traction ropes in a V shape, namely, aiming at each female plant, extracting corresponding 4 traction ropes according to the standard that the interval between connection points is 60cm, connecting the other ends of the 4 traction ropes to a first traction point, and ensuring that each traction rope is straightened; then connecting the other ends of the remaining 4 hauling ropes to a second traction point, and ensuring that each hauling rope is straightened;
E. aiming at each female plant, based on the layout structure of the corresponding traction ropes, the branches of the female plant are pulled in a V shape.
Shaping and pruning the male plants: aiming at male plants, in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after 1-2 days after the flowering of the kiwi fruit tree is finished, pruning branches of the kiwi fruit tree in a straight line shape along the length direction of a planting chamber, and completely pruning branches which are 50CM away from two sides of a frame surface structure close to the corresponding male plants; in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after leaves fall, pruning twigs of male plants to ensure that the twigs do not twist in later period.
The female plant shaping and pruning method comprises the following steps:
aiming at female plants, if the plants bear fruits in the first year, cutting off one end of a traction rope connected with a traction point in winter of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, and taking down branches from the traction rope to be uniformly arranged on a frame surface formed by matching all frame surface structures; if the fruit bearing is not the first year, cutting off all branches bearing the fruit in the current year before cutting off the traction rope;
II, pruning the branches fixed on the frame surface, and cutting the branches from the positions with the diameter of 0.5 cm;
III, in the growing season of the kiwi fruit tree, trimming thick branches and leaf surfaces of female plants.
Preferably, in the facility pulling step E, pulling the branches of the female plants comprises the following steps:
e-1, aiming at each adult female plant, when the branches of the kiwi fruit tree grow to 45-60cm after sprouting in spring, selecting 8 branches on the main stem of the kiwi fruit tree according to the tree shape of the kiwi fruit tree;
e-2, winding 8 branches on 8 traction ropes corresponding to the female plant in a one-to-one correspondence manner by adopting artificial assistance, wherein each branch is assisted once every 10-15 days, and assistance is required for 3-4 times in total;
e-2, when summer comes, the branches which are not pulled are cut short after 4-6 leaves are left.
Preferably, the traction rope is a cotton rope, and in the step I of shaping and pruning the female plant, after the branch is taken off from the traction rope, the cut end of the traction rope is tied to the position, which is close to the support column and is 50cm away from the reinforcing support.
Preferably, in the step i of pruning the female plant, the branches of the female plant are arranged, for each female plant, 8 branches are averagely divided into two groups according to the direction of the branches when the branches are pulled in the shape of the V before, and the two groups of branches are respectively pulled towards the frame surface structures close to the male plants on the two sides of the female plant, during the period, for each branch, the branch is fixed by matching the frame surface structure close to the female plant and the frame surface structure close to the corresponding male plant, that is, after the branch reaches the corresponding frame surface structure, the branch is fixed on the frame surface structure, and then the branch is bent and folded back along the fixed position, if the tail end of the branch can reach the frame surface structure, the tail end of the branch is fixed on the reached frame surface structure, and if the tail end of the branch can reach the frame surface structure, the tail end of the branch is fixed on the previously pulled branch.
Preferably, the facility is built, and the connecting rods are arranged along the edge of the ground after all the rain shelters are built, and are fixedly connected with the nearby support columns so as to connect all the rain shelters into a whole.
Preferably, the support column comprises a cement column and a steel pipe; the bottom of the cement column is inserted into the ground, and the top of the cement column is 2m away from the compartment surface; the steel pipe is fixed in the axle center department of cement post, and the top and the reinforcement support fixed connection of steel pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the technical scheme strictly requires the size of the planting compartment and the structure of the rain shelter, and the rain shelter is well applied to the cultivation of the three-dimensional facilities, so that compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the adverse effects on the growth of the kiwi fruits caused by natural disasters and other problems are effectively prevented and controlled, and simultaneously, materials required for laying the three-dimensional facilities and occupied land space are greatly saved; by effectively planning the size of the planting compartment, the rain shelter structure and the planting space of the kiwi fruit tree, the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruit tree are improved by fully utilizing the limited land space. Wherein the female and male plants are selected from 1:1, and the female plants and the male plants are planted side by side, so that uniform pollination is ensured, namely, a good pollination basis is provided for improving the yield of the kiwi fruit; and 8 connecting points are arranged according to the distance between adjacent female plants, and enough traction controls are prepared to create good traction conditions for the branches of the female plants. The growth of the female plants is related to the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruits, the male plants are trimmed at a reasonable time, and after the kiwi fruits are well pollinated, the growth space of the female plants of the kiwi fruits is further increased.
2) In the technical scheme, each female plant pulls 8 branches to ensure that the female plant supplies sufficient nutrition to each branch, and the 8 branches are pulled at two sides to ensure that the distance between adjacent branches is 60cm, and each branch has enough growth space, so that the yield is ensured and the quality is also ensured.
3) This technical scheme is connected all weather sheds as a whole through setting up the connecting rod, and very big limit has increased the fastness of three-dimensional facility.
4) The abutment body of this technical scheme adopts the cooperation structure of steel pipe and cement column, has increased life, and the structure is enough stable.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, in which:
fig. 1 is an axial view of the layout structure of the rain shelter in the technical scheme;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the layout structure of the rain shelter in the technical scheme;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overhead structure of the arrangement and facility traction of the kiwi fruit tree according to the technical scheme;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a strut structure of a preferred construction;
in the figure:
1. planting compartments; 2. a compartment ditch; 3. a female plant; 4. male plants; 5. a rain shelter; 5.1, a ceiling; 5.2, reinforcing the bracket; 5.3, a pillar body; 5.3.1, steel pipes; 5.3.2, a cement column; 5.4, a frame surface structure; 6. a connection point; 7. a hauling rope; 8. a draw point; 9. a connecting rod; 10. and (4) land.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are for explaining the present invention and not for limiting the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method, which is a basic technical scheme of the invention and comprises the steps of planning land 10, planting kiwi fruit seedlings, cultivating branches and stems of kiwi fruit trees, building facilities, towing facilities, shaping and pruning male plants 4 and shaping and pruning female plants 3.
Planning the land 10: the method comprises the steps of measuring the size of a land 10, dividing a plurality of planting compartments 1 with the width of 6m according to the area and the structure of the land 10, and reserving enough planting space for kiwi trees; the interval between every two adjacent planting boxes 1 is 1m, and the positions of all the planting boxes 1 are marked in a line drawing mode; then, a ditch 2 with the width of 1m is arranged at the edge of the land 10 and between two adjacent planting cabins 1 along the drawn line mark and is used as a key ring for orchard drainage and irrigation, and the ditch 2 with the height of 0.6-0.8m can be properly adjusted according to local drainage. Furthermore, the planting device also comprises a carriage surface structure for adjusting the planting carriage 1, so that the carriage surface of the planting carriage 1 is in a convex arc structure, and water accumulation in the planting carriage 1 is avoided.
Planting kiwi fruit seedlings: comprises planting a kiwi seedling unit 21.25m away from a ditch at the edge of a land 10 in each planting compartment 1; reserving enough growth space for the kiwi fruit tree according to the growth characteristics of the kiwi fruit tree to be pulled, wherein each kiwi fruit seedling unit comprises a row of female plants 3 with the plant spacing of 2.5m and a row of male plants 4 with the plant spacing of 2.5 m; the number ratio of the male plants 4 to the female plants 3 is 1:1, so that reliable pollination effect is ensured, and a good foundation is laid for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits; the distance between the female plant 3 and the left side ditch of the planting box 1 is 21.5m, and the distance between the male plant 4 and the right side ditch of the planting box 1 is 21.5m, so as to meet the distance condition required by pulling branches of the female plant 3 in the later period.
Building facilities: the method comprises the steps that in the autumn of the next year after the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted, a rain shelter 5 is respectively built on each planting box 1, and each rain shelter 5 comprises a ceiling 5.1, a reinforcing bracket 5.2 and two pillar units which are respectively arranged along the arrangement direction of a female plant 3 and the arrangement direction of the female plant 3, namely, the two pillar units are inserted in two rows of kiwi fruit trees; each support column 5.3 unit comprises a plurality of support columns 5.3 arranged at intervals of 5m, and every two adjacent support columns 5.3 are spaced by two kiwi trees; the top ends of all the support columns 5.3 are fixedly connected with the reinforcing support 5.2, the bottom ends of the support columns 5.3 are inserted into the soil, and in order to ensure the firmness of the rain shelter 5, the depth of the support columns 5.3 inserted into the soil 10 is 0.8-1 m; the ceiling 5.1 is arranged on a reinforcing support 5.2, the reinforcing support 5.2 is 3.8m away from the compartment surface, and enough traction controls are reserved for the external female kiwi fruit plants 3; the two sides of the rain shelter 5 are respectively provided with a frame surface structure 5.4 along the length direction of the planting carriage 1, the frame surface structures 5.4 are connected on the vertical column body and are 2m away from the carriage surface, and the height is convenient for later fruit growers to manage and pick kiwi fruits. Wherein, the frame surface structure 5.4 can be a stainless steel wire fixed on the support post body 5.3, and can also be a transverse railing fixed on the support post body 5.3; the reinforcing bracket 5.2 and the abutment 5.3 are mainly made of stainless steel tubes 5.3.1.
The kiwi fruit branch and stem culture: culturing the tree form of the number of the kiwi fruits in summer of the second year after the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted; culturing a main rod and at least two side branch rods for each male plant 4, and arranging the cultured side branch rods on a nearby frame surface structure 5.4; for each female plant 3, a main rod and two side branch rods are cultured, the two side branch rods are pulled towards two opposite directions along a nearby frame surface structure 5.4, and then all the female plants 3 in the same planting compartment 1 are connected into a row in sequence through the corresponding side branch rods.
Facility traction, based on frame face structure 5.4 and the rain shelter 5 support main body lay haulage rope 7, including the following steps:
A. on a frame surface structure 5.4 close to female plants 3, 8 connecting points 6 are respectively arranged corresponding to each female plant 3, and the interval between every two adjacent connecting points 6 is 30 cm;
B. preparing 8 hauling ropes 7 for each female plant 3, and correspondingly connecting one ends of the 8 hauling ropes 7 to 8 connection points 6 respectively;
C. two draw points 8 are searched for each female plant 3; searching a male plant 4 which is closest to the female plant 3 in the planting compartment 1 where the corresponding female plant 3 is located, selecting a support post body 5.3 which is closest to the male plant 4, and arranging a first traction point 8 on the support post body 5.3 and at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface (namely the connecting position of the support post body 5.3 and a reinforcing bracket 5.2); searching a male plant 4 which is closest to the female plant 3 in the planting compartment 1 adjacent to the corresponding female plant 3, selecting a support post body 5.3 which is closest to the male plant 4, and arranging a second traction point 8 on the support post body 5.3 and at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface (namely the connecting position of the support post body 5.3 and the reinforcing bracket 5.2);
D. arranging the hauling ropes 7 in a V shape, namely, aiming at each female plant 3, extracting corresponding 4 hauling ropes 7 according to the standard that the connecting point 6 is 60cm apart, connecting the other ends of the 4 hauling ropes 7 to a first traction point 8, and ensuring that each hauling rope 7 is straightened; then the other ends of the remaining 4 pulling ropes 7 are connected to a second pulling point 8 and each pulling rope 7 is ensured to be straightened;
E. for each female plant 3, the branches of the female plant 3 are pulled in a V shape based on the layout structure of the corresponding pulling ropes 7.
In this way, the bases of the branches on each side of the female plant 3 are gathered together by 60cm, and each branch has enough growth space.
Shaping and pruning male plants 4: aiming at a male plant 4, in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after 1-2 days after the flowering of the kiwi fruit tree is finished, pruning branches of the kiwi fruit tree in a straight line shape along the length direction of a planting compartment 1, and completely pruning branches which are 50CM away from two sides of a frame surface structure 5.4 close to the corresponding male plant 4; in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after leaves fall, pruning twigs of the male plant 4 to ensure that the twigs are not twisted in the later period and avoid the loss of nutrition of the kiwi fruit tree.
The female plant 3 shaping and pruning method comprises the following steps:
aiming at a female plant 3, if the female plant bears fruit in the first year, in winter of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, one end of a traction rope 7, which is connected with a traction point 8, is cut off, and then branches are taken off from the traction rope 7 and are uniformly arranged on a frame surface formed by matching all frame surface structures 5.4; if the fruit bearing is not the first year, cutting off all branches bearing the fruit in the current year before the traction rope 7 is cut off;
II, pruning the branches fixed on the surface of the frame, cutting the branches from the positions with the diameter of 0.5cm, preventing the branches from continuously growing, and accumulating nutrition on the branches to prepare for fruiting;
III, in the growing season of the kiwi fruit, the thick branches and leaf surfaces of the female plants 3 are trimmed, so that excellent growing conditions are created for the kiwi fruit.
The technical scheme strictly requires the size of the planting compartment 1 and the structure of the rain shelter 5, and the rain shelter 5 is well applied to the cultivation of the three-dimensional facilities, compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the adverse effects on the growth of the kiwi fruits caused by natural disasters and other problems are effectively prevented and controlled, and simultaneously, materials required for laying the three-dimensional facilities and occupied land 10 space are greatly saved; by effectively planning the size of the planting compartment 1, the structure of the rain shelter 5 and the planting space of the kiwi fruit tree, the limited space of the land 10 is fully utilized to improve the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruit. Wherein, the female strain 3 and the male strain 4 are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, and the female plants 3 and the male plants 4 are planted side by side, so that uniform pollination is ensured, namely, a good pollination basis is provided for improving the yield of the kiwi fruit; and 8 connecting points 6 are arranged according to the distance between adjacent female plants 3, and enough traction control is prepared to create good traction conditions for the branches of the female plants 3. The growth of the female plant 3 is related to the yield and quality of the kiwi fruit, the male plant 4 is trimmed in a reasonable time, and after the kiwi fruit is well pollinated, the growth of the female plant 3 of the kiwi fruit is further increased.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method, which is an optimal technical scheme of the invention and comprises the steps of planning land 10, planting kiwi fruit seedlings, cultivating branches and stems of kiwi fruit trees, building facilities, towing facilities, shaping and pruning male plants 4 and shaping and pruning female plants 3.
Planning the land 10: the method comprises the steps of measuring the size of a land 10, dividing a plurality of planting compartments 1 with the width of 6m according to the area and the structure of the land 10, enabling the interval between every two adjacent planting compartments 1 to be 1m, and marking the positions of all the planting compartments 1 in a line drawing mode; then, a ditch 2 with the width of 1m and the height of 0.6-0.8m is arranged at the edge of the land 10 and between two adjacent planting boxes 1 along the drawn line mark.
The kiwi fruit seedling planting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the step of planting a kiwi fruit seedling unit which is 21.25m away from a ditch at the edge of a land 10 in each planting compartment 1, wherein each kiwi fruit seedling unit comprises a row of female plants 3 with the plant spacing of 2.5m and a row of male plants 4 with the plant spacing of 2.5m, the number ratio of the male plants 4 to the female plants 3 is 1:1, the female plants 3 are 21.5m away from a left side ditch of the planting compartment 1, and the male plants 4 are 21.5m away from a right side ditch of the planting compartment 1. Wherein, no base fertilizer is applied when the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted, mainly the organic fertilizer is planted when soil is changed, the amount of the organic fertilizer is more than 5 tons per mu, the root parts of the seedlings are higher than the ground level by more than 0.2m, black mulching films are covered, the seedlings are exposed outside, and the films are uncovered when summer to culture the branches of the kiwi fruit trees.
The building facilities are as follows: the method comprises the steps of respectively building a rain shelter 5 on each planting box 1, wherein each rain shelter 5 comprises a ceiling 5.1, a reinforcing support 5.2 and two strut units which are respectively arranged along the arrangement direction of female plants 3 and the arrangement direction of the female plants 3; each support column 5.3 unit comprises a plurality of support columns 5.3 arranged at intervals of 5m, and every two adjacent support columns 5.3 are spaced by two kiwi trees; the top ends of all the support columns 5.3 are fixedly connected with a reinforcing support 5.2, the bottom ends of the support columns 5.3 are inserted into soil, a ceiling 5.1 is installed on the reinforcing support 5.2, and the distance between the reinforcing support 5.2 and the compartment surface is 3.8 m; two sides of the rain shelter 5 are respectively provided with a frame surface structure 5.4 along the length direction of the planting carriage 1, and the frame surface structures 5.4 are connected on the vertical columns and are 2m away from the carriage surface. In addition, still include after having built all weather shelters 5, set up connecting rod 9 along the soil 10 edge, and connecting rod 9 and pillar 5.3 fixed connection nearby to connect all weather shelters 5 as a whole, further increase the fastness of three-dimensional facility, in order to adapt to the strong wind weather. Further, in order to ensure the service life of the support post body 5.3 and improve the firmness of the rain shelter 5, the support post body 5.3 comprises a cement post 5.3.2 and a steel pipe 5.3.1; the bottom of the cement column 5.3.2 is inserted into the ground 10, and the top of the cement column 5.3.2 is 2m away from the compartment surface; the steel pipe 5.3.1 is fixed at the axis of the cement column 5.3.2, the top of the steel pipe 5.3.1 is fixedly connected with the reinforcing support 5.2, the steel pipe 5.3.1 is used as a support, and the steel pipe 5.3.2 is matched with the cement column for wrapping, so that the steel pipe 5.3.1 is prevented from being corroded by microorganisms in soil.
The kiwi fruit branch and stem culture: culturing the tree form of the number of the kiwi fruits in summer of the second year after the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted; culturing a main rod and at least two side branch rods for each male plant 4, and arranging the cultured side branch rods on a nearby frame surface structure 5.4; for each female plant 3, a main rod and two side branch rods are cultured, the two side branch rods are pulled towards two opposite directions along a nearby frame surface structure 5.4, and then all the female plants 3 in the same planting compartment 1 are connected into a row in sequence through the corresponding side branch rods.
The facility traction, based on the frame surface structure 5.4 and the support main body of the rain shelter 5, lays the haulage rope 7, and comprises the following steps:
A. on a frame surface structure 5.4 close to female plants 3, 8 connecting points 6 are respectively arranged corresponding to each female plant 3, and the interval between every two adjacent connecting points 6 is 30 cm;
B. preparing 8 hauling ropes 7 for each female plant 3, and correspondingly connecting one ends of the 8 hauling ropes 7 to 8 connection points 6 respectively; the traction rope 7 is a cotton woven rope which is not easy to break but weathers completely in the next year, so that the trouble of treating the traction rope 7 is eliminated;
C. two draw points 8 are searched for each female plant 3; searching a male plant 4 which is closest to the female plant 3 in the planting compartment 1 where the corresponding female plant 3 is located, selecting a branch column body 5.3 which is closest to the male plant 4, and arranging a first traction point 8 on the branch column body 5.3 and at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface; searching a male plant 4 which is closest to the female plant 3 in the planting compartment 1 adjacent to the corresponding female plant 3, selecting a branch column body 5.3 which is closest to the male plant 4, and arranging a second traction point 8 on the branch column body 5.3 and at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface;
D. arranging the hauling ropes 7 in a V shape, namely, aiming at each female plant 3, extracting corresponding 4 hauling ropes 7 according to the standard that the connecting point 6 is 60cm apart, connecting the other ends of the 4 hauling ropes 7 to a first traction point 8, and ensuring that each hauling rope 7 is straightened; then the other ends of the remaining 4 pulling ropes 7 are connected to a second pulling point 8 and each pulling rope 7 is ensured to be straightened;
E. aiming at each female plant 3, based on the layout structure of the corresponding traction rope 7, the branches of the female plant 3 are pulled in a V shape; the traction of the branches of the female strain 3 comprises the following steps:
e-1, aiming at each adult female plant 3, after sprouting in spring (a plurality of branches grow on two side branch rods of the female plant 3), when the branches of the kiwi fruit tree grow to 45-60cm, selecting 8 branches on the main stem of the kiwi fruit tree according to the tree shape of the kiwi fruit tree;
e-2, winding 8 branches on 8 traction ropes 7 corresponding to the female plant 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner by adopting artificial assistance, wherein each branch is assisted once every 10-15 days, and the assistance is required for 3-4 times in total, so that the winding effect of the branches is ensured, and the branches can smoothly grow upwards along the traction ropes 7;
e-2, when summer comes, in order to reduce nutrient loss, useless branches of the female plant 3 need to be reduced, but in order to keep conditions (such as photosynthesis) which can sufficiently absorb nutrients, enough leaves need to be reserved, so that branches which are not pulled are cut short after 4-6 leaves are left.
Each female plant 3 draws 8 branches to ensure that the female plant 3 supplies sufficient nutrition to each branch, and the 8 branches are drawn at two sides to ensure that the distance between adjacent branches is 60cm, and each branch has enough growth space, so that the yield is ensured, and the quality is also ensured.
Shaping and pruning the male plant 4: aiming at a male plant 4, in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after 1-2 days after the flowering of the kiwi fruit tree is finished, pruning branches of the kiwi fruit tree in a straight line shape along the length direction of a planting compartment 1, and completely pruning branches which are 50CM away from two sides of a frame surface structure 5.4 close to the corresponding male plant 4; in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after leaves fall, pruning twigs of the male plant 4 to ensure that no winding occurs in the later period.
The female plant 3 shaping pruning comprises the following steps:
aiming at a female plant 3, if the female plant bears fruit in the first year, in winter of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, one end of a traction rope 7, which is connected with a traction point 8, is cut off, and then branches are taken off from the traction rope 7 and are uniformly arranged on a frame surface formed by matching all frame surface structures 5.4; if the fruit bearing is not the first year, cutting off all branches bearing the fruit in the current year before the traction rope 7 is cut off; furthermore, after the branch is taken off from the haulage rope 7, the end that the haulage rope 7 was cut off still need be tied on the pillar body 5.3 nearby, apart from the position of consolidating the support 5.250cm, prevent that mixed and disorderly haulage rope 7 from causing the potential safety hazard for the fruit grower to and influence the management and the picking work of later stage to the kiwi fruit. The branches of the female plants 3 are arranged, 8 branches are evenly divided into two groups according to the directions of the branches when the female plants 3 are dragged in a V shape in the past, the branches are respectively dragged towards the frame surface structures 5.4 close to the male plants 4 on two sides of the female plants 3, in the period, the frame surface structures 5.4 close to the female plants 3 are matched with the frame surface structures 5.4 close to the corresponding male plants 4 to fix the branches, namely, after the branches reach the corresponding frame surface structures 5.4, the branches are fixed on the frame surface structures 5.4 and then are bent and folded back along the branch fixing positions, if the tail ends of the branches can reach the frame surface structures 5.4, the tail ends of the branches are fixed on the frame surface structures 5.4 which are reached, and if the tail ends of the branches can reach the frame surface structures 5.4, the tail ends of the branches are fixed on the previously dragged branches to ensure that all the branches are on the frame surface.
And II, pruning the branches fixed on the frame surface, and cutting the branches from the positions with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
III, in the growing season of the kiwi fruit tree, pruning thick branches and leaf surfaces of the female plant 3.
Claims (6)
1. A kiwi fruit three-dimensional facility cultivation method is characterized in that: comprises the steps of planning a land (10), planting kiwi fruit seedlings, culturing branches and stems of kiwi fruit trees, constructing facilities, dragging facilities, shaping and pruning male plants (4) and shaping and pruning female plants (3);
-said land (10) planning: the method comprises the steps of measuring the size of a land (10), dividing a plurality of planting boxes (1) with the width of 6m according to the area and the structure of the land (10), spacing 1m between every two adjacent planting boxes (1), and marking the positions of all the planting boxes (1) in a line drawing manner; then, a ditch (2) with the width of 1m and the height of 0.6-0.8m is arranged at the edge of the land (10) and between two adjacent planting boxes (1) along the line drawing mark;
the kiwi fruit seedling planting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of planting a kiwi fruit seedling unit which is 1.25m away from a box ditch (2) at the edge of a land (10) in each planting box (1), wherein each kiwi fruit seedling unit comprises a row of female plants (3) with the plant spacing of 2.5m and a row of male plants (4) with the plant spacing of 2.5m, the number ratio of the male plants (4) to the female plants (3) is 1:1, the female plants (3) are 1.5m away from the left box ditch (2) of the planting box (1), and the male plants (4) are 1.5m away from the right box ditch (2) of the planting box (1);
the building facilities are as follows: comprises that each planting compartment (1) is respectively provided with a rain shelter (5), and the rain shelter (5) comprises a ceiling (5.1), a reinforcing bracket (5.2) and two strut units which are respectively arranged along the arrangement direction of a female plant (3) and the female plant (3); each support column (5.3) unit comprises a plurality of support columns (5.3) arranged at intervals of 5m, and every two adjacent support columns (5.3) are spaced by two kiwi trees; the top ends of all the support columns (5.3) are fixedly connected with a reinforcing support (5.2), the bottom ends of the support columns (5.3) are inserted into soil, a ceiling (5.1) is installed on the reinforcing support (5.2), and the distance between the reinforcing support (5.2) and the compartment surface is 3.8 m; two sides of the rain shelter (5) are respectively provided with a frame surface structure (5.4) along the length direction of the planting carriage (1), and the frame surface structures (5.4) are connected to the vertical column body and are 2m away from the carriage surface;
the kiwi fruit branch and stem culture: culturing the tree form of the number of the kiwi fruits in summer of the second year after the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted; cultivating a main rod and at least two side branch rods for each male plant (4), and arranging the cultivated side branch rods on a nearby frame surface structure (5.4); cultivating a main rod and two side branch rods for each female plant (3), drawing the two side branch rods towards two opposite directions along a nearby frame surface structure (5.4), and then sequentially connecting all the female plants (3) in the same planting compartment (1) into a row through the corresponding side branch rods;
the facility traction is characterized in that a traction rope (7) is arranged on the basis of a support body of the frame surface structure (5.4) and the rain shelter (5), and the facility traction comprises the following steps:
A. on a frame surface structure (5.4) close to female plants (3), 8 connecting points (6) are respectively arranged corresponding to each female plant (3), and every two adjacent connecting points (6) are spaced by 30 cm;
B. preparing 8 hauling ropes (7) for each female plant (3), and correspondingly connecting one ends of the 8 hauling ropes (7) to 8 connecting points (6) respectively;
C. searching two draw points (8) for each female plant (3); searching a male plant (4) which is closest to the female plant (3) in the planting compartment (1) where the corresponding female plant (3) is located, selecting a branch column body (5.3) which is closest to the male plant (4), and arranging a first traction point (8) on the branch column body (5.3) at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface; searching a male plant (4) which is closest to the female plant (3) in the adjacent planting compartment (1) of the corresponding female plant (3), selecting a branch column body (5.3) which is closest to the male plant (4), and arranging a second traction point (8) on the branch column body (5.3) at a position 3.8m away from the compartment surface;
D. arranging traction ropes (7) in a V shape, namely, aiming at each female plant (3), extracting corresponding 4 traction ropes (7) according to the standard that the interval between connection points (6) is 60cm, connecting the other ends of the 4 traction ropes (7) to a first traction point (8), and ensuring that each traction rope (7) is straightened; then connecting the other ends of the remaining 4 hauling ropes (7) to a second traction point (8) and ensuring that each hauling rope (7) is straightened;
E. aiming at each female plant (3), based on the layout structure of the corresponding traction rope (7), the branches of the female plant (3) are pulled in a V shape;
shaping and pruning the male plant (4): aiming at the male plant (4), in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, when 1-2 days after the flowering of the kiwi fruit tree is finished, pruning branches of the kiwi fruit tree in a straight shape along the length direction of the planting compartment (1), and completely pruning branches which are 50CM away from two sides of a near frame surface structure (5.4) of the corresponding male plant (4); in spring of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, after leaves fall, pruning twigs of the male plant (4) to ensure that the twigs are not wound in the later period;
the shaping and pruning of the female plant (3) comprises the following steps:
aiming at a female plant (3), if the female plant bears fruit in the first year, in winter of the mature period of the kiwi fruit tree, one end of a traction rope (7) connected with a traction point (8) is cut off, and then branches are taken off from the traction rope (7) and are uniformly arranged on a frame surface formed by matching all frame surface structures (5.4); if the fruit bearing is not the first year, cutting off all branches bearing the fruit in the current year before the traction rope (7) is cut off;
II, pruning the branches fixed on the frame surface, and cutting the branches from the positions with the diameter of 0.5 cm;
III, in the growing season of the kiwi fruit tree, pruning the thick branches and leaf surfaces of the female plant (3).
2. The method for cultivating the kiwi fruit in the three-dimensional facility, according to claim 1, wherein in the facility pulling step E, pulling the branches of the female plant (3) comprises the following steps:
e-1, aiming at each adult female plant (3), when the branches of the kiwi fruit tree grow to 45-60cm after sprouting in spring, selecting 8 branches on the main stem of the kiwi fruit tree according to the tree shape of the kiwi fruit tree;
e-2, winding 8 branches on 8 traction ropes (7) corresponding to the female plant (3) in a one-to-one correspondence manner by adopting artificial assistance, wherein each branch is assisted once every 10-15 days, and is assisted for 3-4 times in total;
e-2, when summer comes, the branches which are not pulled are cut short after 4-6 leaves are left.
3. The stereoscopic kiwi fruit facility cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the pulling rope (7) is a cotton rope, and in the step I of pruning the female plant (3), after the branch is taken off from the pulling rope (7), the cut end of the pulling rope (7) is tied to the position which is close to the branch column (5.3) and is 50cm away from the reinforcing bracket (5.2).
4. The method for cultivating the kiwi fruit in the three-dimensional facility according to claim 1, wherein in the step I of shaping and pruning the female plants (3), the branches of the female plants (3) are arranged, and are averagely divided into two groups according to the branch orientation when the female plants (3) are pulled in the previous V shape, the 8 branches are respectively pulled towards the frame surface structures (5.4) nearby the male plants (4) at the two sides of the female plants (3), and during the period, the branches are fixed by matching the frame surface structures (5.4) nearby the female plants (3) and the frame surface structures (5.4) nearby the corresponding male plants (4) for each branch, namely, after the branches reach the corresponding frame surface structures (5.4), the branches are fixed on the frame surface structures (5.4), and then the branches are bent and folded back along the branches, and if the tail ends of the branches can reach the frame surface structures (5.4), the tail ends of the branches are fixed on the reached frame surface structures (5.4), if the end of the branch can reach the frame surface structure (5.4), the end of the branch is fixed on the previously drawn branch.
5. The stereoscopic kiwi fruit facility cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the facility building further comprises the step of arranging a connecting rod (9) along the edge of the land (10) after all the rain shelters (5) are built, and the connecting rod (9) is fixedly connected with the nearby support columns (5.3) so as to connect all the rain shelters (5) into a whole.
6. The method for cultivating the kiwi fruit stereoscopic facility, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the support column (5.3) comprises a cement column (5.3.2) and a steel pipe (5.3.1); the bottom of the cement column (5.3.2) is inserted into the ground (10), and the top of the cement column (5.3.2) is 2m away from the compartment surface; the steel pipe (5.3.1) is fixed at the axis of the cement column (5.3.2), and the top of the steel pipe (5.3.1) is fixedly connected with the reinforcing bracket (5.2).
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