CN114051894B - Passion fruit planting method - Google Patents
Passion fruit planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114051894B CN114051894B CN202111319557.8A CN202111319557A CN114051894B CN 114051894 B CN114051894 B CN 114051894B CN 202111319557 A CN202111319557 A CN 202111319557A CN 114051894 B CN114051894 B CN 114051894B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a passion fruit planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) setting up, digging holes, planting, leading vines, and fertilizing management. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1: mixing soybean protein and zein with water, adding sugar residue, yeast extract and manganese chloride, adjusting pH, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating for enzymolysis, and making into polypeptide complex; s2: mixing the polypeptide with water, regulating pH, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion; s3: adding urea, and mixing. The planting method is scientific, the planting density is high, the land utilization rate is high, the yield is high, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for a plurality of times, the planting cost and the labor cost are reduced, the absorption efficiency of passion fruit is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the passion fruit quality and yield are improved, and the income is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passion fruit planting, and particularly relates to a passion fruit planting method.
Background
Passion fruit (passion fruits) is known as passion fruit, also known as passion fruit, love fruit, which is a tropical, subtropical perennial evergreen allium root plant of passion genus of passion family. The fruit is favored because of unique and intense fragrance and rich nutrition, is called as juice king, contains 17 amino acids, multiple vitamins and carotenoid, wherein the fruit contains very rich natural vitamin C, 34.6mg of natural vitamin C in every hundred grams of juice, has moderate sweet and sour, has high nutrition value, can be eaten raw, made into juice, made into fruit juice, jam, jelly and preserved fruit, can also be eaten as vegetables, extracts oil from seeds, is suitable for being used as edible oil, and can also be made into soap and paint. The fruit skin can be used as feed, the extracted pectin is stabilizer and thickener for food processing, the extracted essence is additive for preparing cake and wine, and the root, stem and leaf can be used as medicine.
Chinese patent document (application number: CN 201711202852.9) discloses a high-quality passion fruit planting method, which controls passion fruit to grow according to connecting ropes and transverse ropes at the top of a shed frame through the shed frame with unique design, so that the passion fruit is uniformly distributed, sunlight can be better absorbed, and meanwhile, the quality of passion fruit is ensured due to reasonable steps and lateral number of the passion fruit. The compound organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the fertilizer components together through the straw, and gradually dissolving out when the liquid fertilizer is applied, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the fertilizer is ensured to be uniformly applied for a long time, the nutrients required by the passion fruits are ensured, the management is scientific, the operation is convenient, and the quality of the planted passion fruits is good. But the utilization rate of the planting land is low and the yield is insufficient.
Chinese patent document (application number: CN 201711393262.9) discloses a planting method of passion fruit, which adopts a scientific seed pretreatment method to carry out seed soaking and germination accelerating, uses nutrient solution to strengthen passion fruit seedling plants in a seedling stage, improves survival rate, and also uses a novel passion fruit guide frame, thereby not only improving photosynthesis area, but also directly improving the yield of single plant, but the used foliar fertilizer can not be fully utilized by passion fruit, and has lower foliar fertilizer utilization rate.
Chinese patent document (application number: CN 201710742642.2) discloses a planting method of passion fruit, which uses soil fertilizer raw materials for irradiation, steam treatment and fermentation, wherein the plant disease and insect pest control liquid raw materials are soaked in alkali liquor, and leaf fertilizer is treated under high temperature and high pressure, so that nutrients required by the growth of passion fruit are ensured, and the yield of passion fruit is improved through scientific management and fertilization. But the planting density is lower, and the utilization rate of the foliar fertilizer is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of passion fruits, which is scientific in planting, high in planting density, high in land utilization rate, reasonable in fertilization, high in foliar fertilizer utilization rate, high in passion fruit yield and good in quality, and the foliar fertilizer can meet the growth requirements of passion fruits.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a passion fruit planting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: setting two cement columns with the height of 3.0-3.2 m and the longitudinal distance of 2.5-3.5m, and burying the cement columns into the ground for 40-60cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.3-1.8m away from the ground and used as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer of frames to form double-layer frames, a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 1-2m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 1-2 months, and backfilling the soil;
(3) planting: digging a hole with the depth of 20-25cm in the hole, straightening the passion fruit seedling to the root system, planting the main root vertically to the hole, enabling the neck of the seedling root to be slightly higher than the planting surface by 6-8cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying root fixing water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer frame, topping, reserving 2 side buds, pulling branches of 1 side bud along the direction of the first layer frame to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer frame, topping when 6-8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, wherein the grown branches are second-stage vines of the first layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the first layer frame grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 6-8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame grow downwards;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of soybean protein, 40-80 parts of corn protein, 5-10 parts of soybean proteinase, 5-10 parts of corn proteinase, 8-16 parts of sugar residue, 8-16 parts of yeast extract, 4-8 parts of manganese chloride, 10-20 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 40-60 parts of urea.
In the step (1), two cement columns with the height of 3m are arranged, the longitudinal distance is 3m, and the cement columns are buried under the ground for 55cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.6m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer of frames to form double-layer frames, a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse interval is 1.5m;
in the step (2), the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil are mixed and backfilled into the pit for 2/3, and the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed and backfilled into the pit and are 10-13cm higher than the ground.
In the step (3), the dosage of the root fixing water is 5-10kg.
Further, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean protein, 60 parts of corn protein, 8 parts of soybean proteinase, 8 parts of corn proteinase, 10 parts of sugar residue, 10 parts of yeast extract, 6 parts of manganese chloride, 15 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 55 parts of urea.
Further, the soybean protease activity is 4000U/g, and the corn protease activity is 4000U/g.
Further, the preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5, mixing, adding sugar residues, yeast extract and manganese chloride, regulating pH, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating for enzymolysis, and obtaining polypeptide compound;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting pH, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15-25min;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
In step S1, the pH is regulated to 6-8, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60-70 ℃.
In step S2, the PH is regulated to 6-8, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15-25min, the power is 300-600w, and the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the planting method of the passion fruit is scientific and reasonable, adopts a double-layer frame-building mode to pull the passion fruit to the double-layer frame to form double-layer planting, can realize high-density planting, has high land utilization rate, fully utilizes the space, enables the passion fruit branch to grow by a vertical curtain, can lead sunlight to be directly irradiated on all fruits, blades and the ground, has good ventilation and air permeability, and reduces plant diseases and insect pests. The planting frame has smooth channel, is favorable for water and fertilizer management, pest control, fruit picking and other operations, is convenient and practical, greatly improves the working efficiency, is convenient to manage, and saves the planting cost.
2. According to the foliar fertilizer, the soybean protein and the corn protein are subjected to enzymolysis by the protease to obtain the polypeptide, the polypeptide has various polar functional groups and the surfactant, and the surfactant can soften the foliar cuticle, so that the foliar fertilizer is not easy to fall off from the leaves when being sprayed, nutrients are promoted to enter plant tissues, and the use efficiency of the foliar fertilizer is increased; the polypeptide consists of amino acids and contains a certain amount of sugar, free amino acids and other nutrient elements, and the amino acids are nutrient substances necessary for plant growth, have promotion effect on passion fruit growth, especially photosynthesis, and can increase various nutrient elements required in plants.
The nano silicon dioxide has strong adsorption and viscous capacity, and when the surface of the nano silicon dioxide is irradiated by light, electron-hole pairs with oxidation-reduction performance can be generated, meanwhile, hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidability are generated by combining with water molecules adsorbed by the surface of the nano silicon dioxide, the hydroxyl radicals on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide can be easily combined with polar hydrophobic organic substances and the like on plant leaves, so that the viscosity of the leaf fertilizer is increased, the retention time of the leaf fertilizer on passion fruit leaves is prolonged, the consumption is reduced, the waste is avoided, the cost is reduced, and the benefit is increased. The particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is smaller than that of the passion fruit leaves, so that the nano silicon dioxide can easily enter the passion fruit leaves, and as the nano silicon dioxide has strong adsorption capacity, the nano silicon dioxide can be used as a carrier to adsorb nutrients of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer and enter the leaves, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is improved.
The nano silicon dioxide can adsorb the nutrient substances of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer and pass through the air holes on the leaf surface to enter the leaf, the polypeptide can soften the horny layer of the leaf to enable the nano silicon dioxide to enter the leaf more smoothly, meanwhile, the detention time of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer on the leaf is increased, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer and the leaf are used cooperatively, multiple spraying is not needed, the planting cost and the labor cost are reduced, the absorption efficiency of passion fruits is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the passion fruits are increased in quality and yield, and the income is improved.
3. In the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer, the yeast extract, sugar slag and urea are added as raw materials, so that the nutritional ingredients of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer can be increased, and the nutrients required by the growth of passion fruits are met; the manganese chloride is added in the preparation of the foliar fertilizer, so that the activity of enzyme can be kept, the enzymolysis efficiency is higher, and the hydrolysis is more sufficient.
4. In the preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer, the ultrasonic dispersion nano silicon dioxide can prevent the agglomeration of nano silicon dioxide particles, and can be uniformly dispersed in the foliar fertilizer, so that the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is easier to enter the leaves.
Detailed Description
Before the embodiments of the invention are explained in further detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its scope to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A passion fruit planting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: setting two cement columns with the height of 3.0, wherein the longitudinal distance is 3.5m, and the cement columns are buried underground for 40cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.3m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer frame to form a double-layer frame; a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 1.5m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 2 months, backfilling the soil, mixing and backfilling the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil into the holes for 2/3 during backfilling, mixing and backfilling the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil into the holes and 12cm higher than the ground. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(3) Planting: digging 22cm deep holes in the holes, straightening the passion fruit seedlings to root systems, planting main roots perpendicular to the holes, enabling the root necks of the seedlings to be slightly higher than the planting surfaces by 8cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying 10kg of fixed root water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer of frames, topping, reserving 2 lateral buds, pulling branches of 1 lateral bud along the direction of the first layer of frames to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer of frames, topping when 8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, wherein the grown branches are second-stage vines of the first layer of frames, and the second-stage vines of the first layer of frames grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame sag to grow;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of soybean protein, 60 parts of corn protein, 5 parts of soybean proteinase, 5 parts of corn proteinase, 10 parts of sugar slag, 16 parts of yeast extract, 4 parts of manganese chloride, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 50 parts of urea.
The activity of the soybean protease is 4000U/g, and the activity of the corn protease is 4000U/g.
The preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5 mixing, adding sugar residue, yeast extract and manganese chloride, adjusting pH to 6, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating to 60deg.C, and performing enzymolysis to obtain polypeptide complex;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting the pH to 6, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min with the power of 600w;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
The polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
Example 2
A passion fruit planting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: two cement columns with the height of 3.2m are arranged, the longitudinal distance is 2.5m, and the cement columns are buried underground for 60cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.5m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer frame to form a double-layer frame; a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 2m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 1 month, backfilling the soil, mixing and backfilling the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil into the holes for 2/3 of the time of backfilling, mixing and backfilling the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil into the holes and 13cm higher than the ground. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(3) Planting: digging a hole with the depth of 20cm in the hole, straightening the passion fruit seedling to the root system, planting the main root perpendicular to the hole, enabling the neck of the seedling root to be slightly higher than the planting surface by 7cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying 5kg of fixed root water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer of frames, topping, reserving 2 lateral buds, pulling branches of 1 lateral bud along the direction of the first layer of frames to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer of frames, topping when 6 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, wherein the grown branches are second-stage vines of the first layer of frames, and the second-stage vines of the first layer of frames grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 6 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame sag to grow;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of soybean protein, 40 parts of corn protein, 8 parts of soybean proteinase, 8 parts of corn proteinase, 8 parts of sugar residue, 8 parts of yeast extract, 5 parts of manganese chloride, 12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 40 parts of urea.
The activity of the soybean protease is 4000U/g, and the activity of the corn protease is 4000U/g.
The preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5, mixing, adding sugar residues, yeast extract and manganese chloride, adjusting pH to 8, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating to 65deg.C, and performing enzymolysis to obtain polypeptide complex;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting the pH to 8, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min with the power of 400w;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
The polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
Example 3:
a passion fruit planting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: two cement columns with the height of 3m are arranged, the longitudinal distance is 3m, and the cement columns are buried underground for 40cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.6m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer frame to form a double-layer frame; a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 1.5m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 1 month, backfilling the soil, mixing and backfilling the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil into the holes for 2/3, mixing and backfilling the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil into the holes and 10cm higher than the ground. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(3) Planting: digging a hole with the depth of 25cm in the hole, straightening the passion fruit seedling to the root system, planting the main root vertically to the hole, enabling the neck of the seedling root to be slightly higher than the planting surface by 6cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying 8kg of fixed root water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer of frames, topping, reserving 2 lateral buds, pulling branches of 1 lateral bud along the direction of the first layer of frames to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer of frames, topping when 7 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, and enabling the grown branches to be second-stage vines of the first layer of frames, wherein the second-stage vines of the first layer of frames grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame sag to grow;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean protein, 80 parts of corn protein, 10 parts of soybean proteinase, 10 parts of corn proteinase, 14 parts of sugar residue, 10 parts of yeast extract, 6 parts of manganese chloride, 15 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 60 parts of urea.
The activity of the soybean protease is 4000U/g, and the activity of the corn protease is 4000U/g.
The preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5 mixing, adding sugar residue, yeast extract and manganese chloride, adjusting pH to 7, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating to 70deg.C, and performing enzymolysis to obtain polypeptide complex;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting the pH to 7, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min with the power of 300w;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
The polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
Example 4
A passion fruit planting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: setting two cement columns with the height of 3.1, wherein the longitudinal distance is 2.8m, and the cement columns are buried underground for 50cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.8m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer frame to form a double-layer frame; a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 1m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 1.5 months, backfilling the soil, mixing and backfilling the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil into the holes for 2/3, mixing and backfilling the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil into the holes and 13cm higher than the ground. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(3) Planting: digging a hole with the depth of 20cm in the hole, straightening the passion fruit seedling to the root system, planting the main root perpendicular to the hole, enabling the neck of the seedling root to be slightly higher than the planting surface by 7cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying 6kg of fixed root water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer of frames, topping, reserving 2 lateral buds, pulling branches of 1 lateral bud along the direction of the first layer of frames to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer of frames, topping when 8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, wherein the grown branches are second-stage vines of the first layer of frames, and the second-stage vines of the first layer of frames grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame sag to grow;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean protein, 50 parts of corn protein, 6 parts of soybean proteinase, 6 parts of corn proteinase, 16 parts of sugar residue, 12 parts of yeast extract, 8 parts of manganese chloride, 20 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 40 parts of urea.
The activity of the soybean protease is 4000U/g, and the activity of the corn protease is 4000U/g.
The preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5 mixing, adding sugar residue, yeast extract and manganese chloride, adjusting pH to 6, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating to 70deg.C, and performing enzymolysis to obtain polypeptide complex;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting the pH to 8, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min with the power of 500w;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
The polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that only one layer of the rack was provided in (1).
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that no soybean protein and no corn protein were added to the raw material for producing the polypeptide-based compound foliar fertilizer; the water content is regulated to ensure that the concentration of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that no nanosilica was added to the raw material for producing the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that nano silica, soy protein and zein were not added to the raw material for preparing the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that in the step of producing a polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer, ultrasonic dispersion was not performed.
Comparative example 6
And (3) a commercial foliar fertilizer.
1. Chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, yield assay
Test lands with good illumination conditions, good drainage and flat land are selected, planting is carried out according to examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6, the planting area is 1 mu, the planting variety is passion fruit "gold No. 1", the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves at the same time are measured during the flowering period, the chlorophyll content is measured by using a chlorophyll meter (tuo pu, china), the net photosynthetic rate of leaves is measured by using a Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system (LI-COR company), and the mu yield is weighed after harvesting.
TABLE 1 chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic Rate of leaves of examples 3 and comparative examples 1-6 passion fruit bits
| Group of | Chlorophyll content mg/g | Net photosynthetic rate mu mol/(m 2. S) |
| Example 3 | 1.57 | 18.61 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.36 | 15.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.29 | 14.89 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.24 | 14.51 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.12 | 13.04 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1.35 | 15.74 |
| Comparative example 6 | 1.49 | 16.85 |
From table 1, it can be seen that, compared with comparative example 1, in example 3, the chlorophyll content is improved by 15%, the net photosynthetic rate is improved by 21.3%, which indicates that the double-layer planting method of the invention can increase the illumination area, improve the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate, and promote the growth and development of passion fruits.
Example 3, compared to comparative example 4, has a chlorophyll content increased by 40.1%, a net photosynthetic rate increased by 42.7%,
comparative example 2 has a chlorophyll content increased by 15.1% and a net photosynthetic rate increased by 14.1% relative to comparative example 4;
comparative example 3 has a chlorophyll content increased by 10.7% and a net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.2% relative to comparative example 4;
therefore, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer can obviously increase the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of passion fruit leaves, so that passion fruit can increase the yield and improve the quality. In the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer, the soybean protein and the corn protein are subjected to enzymolysis by protease to obtain the polypeptide, and the polypeptide can soften the foliar cuticle, so that the foliar cuticle is not easy to fall off from the leaves when spraying and fertilizing; the polypeptide consists of amino acids, contains a certain amount of sugar, free amino acids and other nutrient elements, has unique promotion effect on the growth of passion fruits, especially photosynthesis, and can increase various nutrient elements required by plants. The nano silicon dioxide has strong adsorption and viscosity capability, and hydroxyl free radicals on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide can be easily combined with polar hydrophobic organic substances and the like on plant leaves, so that the viscosity of the leaf fertilizer is increased, the retention time of the leaf fertilizer on passion fruit leaves is prolonged, the consumption is reduced, the waste is avoided, the cost is reduced, and the benefit is increased. The particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is smaller than the pore size of the passion fruit leaves, so that the passion fruit leaves can be easily entered; the plant fertilizer has strong adsorption capacity, can be used as a carrier to adsorb the nutrients of the plant fertilizer, and enters the leaves, so that the leaf surface effect is improved, and the growth of passion fruits is promoted.
2. Mu yield test
TABLE 2 acre yield of passion fruits of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6
As can be seen from table 1, the acre yield of the passion fruits in examples 1 to 4 is higher than that in comparative examples 1 to 6, wherein the acre yield of the passion fruits in example 3 is increased by ((4865-2314)/2314) ×100% =110% compared with that in comparative example 1, which indicates that the yield of passion fruits can be greatly increased by adopting the double-layer planting mode of the invention. The double-layer frame-building mode is adopted, the passion fruit is pulled to the double-layer frame to form double-layer planting, high-density planting can be realized, the land utilization rate is high, the space is fully utilized, the passion fruit branches and tendrils are vertical to be grown, sunlight can be directly irradiated on all fruits, blades and the ground, the ventilation and the air permeability are good, and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced.
Example 3 simultaneous use of soy protein, zein, nanosilica has a synergy of 4865-3896=969 kg compared to comparative example 4; the per mu yield of the nano-silica used alone in comparative example 2 is increased by 4257-3896=361 kg compared with comparative example 4; comparative example 3 the acre yield when soy protein and zein were used alone was increased by 4163-3896=267 kg compared to comparative example 4; the effects of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 alone are superimposed 267+361=628 < 969, and (969-628)/(682×100% = 54.3%. Therefore, the nano silicon dioxide and the soybean protein and the corn protein produce a synergistic effect, and the yield of passion fruits is increased.
The polypeptide composite foliar fertilizer has the advantages that the nano silicon dioxide in the polypeptide composite foliar fertilizer can adsorb nutrient substances of the polypeptide composite foliar fertilizer, and pass through air holes in the foliar surface to enter the foliar, the polypeptide can soften the cuticle of the foliar so that the nano silicon dioxide can smoothly enter the foliar, meanwhile, the detention time of the polypeptide composite foliar fertilizer on the foliar is increased, the polypeptide composite foliar fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are cooperatively used, multiple spraying is not needed, the planting cost and the labor cost are reduced, the absorption efficiency of passion fruits is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the passion fruits are enhanced in quality and yield, and the income is improved.
Compared with comparative example 5, the yield per mu of passion fruit is increased by 4865-4315=550 kg, because the ultrasonic dispersion of nano silicon dioxide can prevent agglomeration of nano silicon dioxide particles, and the nano silicon dioxide particles can be uniformly dispersed in the foliar fertilizer, so that the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer can enter the leaves more easily, and the growth of passion fruit is promoted.
The increase in yield per mu of passion fruit in example 3 compared with comparative example 6 of 4865-4576=289 kg shows that the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer of the invention can significantly increase the yield of passion fruit and increase economic benefits compared with common commercial foliar fertilizer.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A passion fruit planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) building a frame: setting two cement columns with the height of 3.0-3.2 m and the longitudinal distance of 2.5-3.5m, and burying the cement columns into the ground for 40-60cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.3-1.8m away from the ground and used as a first layer frame; iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the cement columns to be connected and used as a second layer frame to form a double-layer frame; a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged in each mu, and the transverse spacing is 1-2m;
(2) digging: digging holes according to the specification of 60cm 70cm, distinguishing the dug soil according to shallow soil and bottom soil, airing the holes for 1-2 months, and backfilling the soil;
(3) planting: digging a hole with the depth of 20-25cm in the hole, straightening the passion fruit seedling to the root system, planting the main root vertically to the hole, enabling the neck of the seedling root to be slightly higher than the planting surface by 6-8cm, filling soil, compacting, and spraying root fixing water;
(4) and (5) vine guiding: when the main vines of the passion fruits grow to the height of the first layer frame, topping, reserving 2 side buds, pulling branches of 1 side bud along the direction of the first layer frame to serve as first-stage vines of the first layer frame, topping when 6-8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines, wherein the grown branches are second-stage vines of the first layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the first layer frame grow downwards; the branches of the other side buds are pulled to a second layer frame, topping is carried out, 1 side bud is reserved, the branches of the side buds are pulled along the direction of the second layer frame and serve as first-stage vines of the second layer frame, when 6-8 buds grow out of the first-stage vines of the second layer frame, topping is carried out, the grown branches are second-stage vines of the second layer frame, and the second-stage vines of the second layer frame grow downwards;
(5) and (3) fertilization management: applying nitrogen fertilizer again before fruiting; applying a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the flower and fruit period; during the flowering phase, the fruit retention phase, the swelling phase and the coloring phase, the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is used for foliar fertilization;
the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of soybean protein, 40-80 parts of corn protein, 5-10 parts of soybean proteinase, 5-10 parts of corn proteinase, 8-16 parts of sugar residue, 8-16 parts of yeast extract, 4-8 parts of manganese chloride, 10-20 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 40-60 parts of urea;
the preparation method of the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: soy protein, zein and water were mixed in a 1:1:5, mixing, adding sugar slag, yeast extract and manganese chloride, regulating pH, adding soybean protease and soybean protease, heating for enzymolysis, and obtaining a polypeptide compound;
s2: mixing the polypeptide compound with water at a ratio of 1:5, adjusting pH, adding nano silicon dioxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15-25min;
s3: and after ultrasonic dispersion is finished, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain the product.
2. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), two cement columns with the height of 3m are arranged, the longitudinal distance is 3m, and the cement columns are buried into the ground for 55cm; two cement columns are connected by iron wires at the position 1.6m away from the ground and serve as a first layer frame; the top ends of the cement columns are connected by iron wires and serve as a second layer of frames to form double-layer frames, a plurality of double-layer frames are arranged per mu, and the transverse spacing is 1.5m.
3. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the organic fertilizer and the shallow soil are mixed and backfilled into the pit for 2/3 of the time of backfilling, and the microbial fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed and backfilled into the pit and are 10-13cm higher than the ground.
4. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the dosage of the root fixing water is 5-10kg.
5. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean protein, 60 parts of corn protein, 8 parts of soybean proteinase, 8 parts of corn proteinase, 10 parts of sugar residue, 10 parts of yeast extract, 6 parts of manganese chloride, 15 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 55 parts of urea.
6. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the activity of the soybean protease is 4000U/g, and the activity of the corn protease is 4000U/g.
7. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the PH is regulated to 6-8, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60-70 ℃.
8. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the PH is regulated to 6-8, the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15-25min, and the power is 300-600w.
9. The method for planting passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polypeptide compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of passion fruits She Quanshe and passion fruits.
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