JP2000327471A - Calcium fertilizer for foliar spray - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make calcium efficiently absorbed in plants b foliar spraying of a fertilizer to agricultural products at an adequate concentration by using a water-soluble calcium compound as an essential component and incorporating either or both of salicyclic acid or amino acid therein. SOLUTION: Ligninsulfonate is more adequately incorporated into the calcium compound. The compound preferably contains one or >=2 kinds among glycine, alanine, β-alanine, 4-aminolactic acid and glutamic acid. Inorganic salts, such as calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, having a high solubility in water are generally used as the calcium compound of the essential component and the use of other calcium compounds is possible as well. The salicyclic acid is used in a range of 1 to 300 ppm in spray concentration, more preferably in a range of 10 to 30 ppm. The solution concentration of at the time of spraying of the amino acid is used in a range of 20 to 1,000 ppm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a calcium fertilizer for foliar application. More specifically, the present invention relates to a calcium fertilizer for foliar spray capable of efficiently absorbing calcium into plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When calcium is absorbed into plants, calcium binds to pectin and plays an important role in maintaining and strengthening the tissue of the cell wall. A sufficient supply of calcium strengthens the cells and makes the plant harder. Conversely, it is known that a calcium deficiency causes a physiological disorder due to calcium deficiency. Calcium also plays a role in adjusting the pH of various organic acids generated in plants.

[0003] Calcium plays an important role in the growth of plants in this way, but is difficult to absorb from the outside and move in the body. Even if there is enough calcium in the soil,
Plants absorb the required amount from the roots and deficiency occurs if not used in each organ or tissue. On the other hand, there is a case where the growth of the plant is caused. When the plant grows remarkably, the vegetation grows rapidly and the competition between multiple fruits causes calcium deficiency in the living body, which causes deficiency. . Physiological disorders due to calcium deficiency are often found in the active growth points of plant cell division, new leaves and fruits. In actual situations, the following are said to be the causes of calcium deficiency. The soil may be caused by a lack of calcium, or a sufficient amount of other fertilizer elements such as nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, etc., which inhibit the absorption of calcium even if the calcium is sufficiently contained. Furthermore, due to the consumption of calcium (neutralization) and the drying of the soil due to the lowering of rhizosphere pH,
Calcium, which is less soluble in water than other fertilizer elements, absorbs less from the root.

[0004] Conventionally, despite the application of a sufficient amount of calcareous fertilizer, deficiency often occurs, and as a solution, a method of supplementing calcium deficiency by foliar spraying has been used. Calcium foliar sprays are used to ameliorate deficiency with the aim of spraying calcium directly onto plant leaves and fruits for absorption. In recent years, calcium foliar sprays have been developed in various ways, but most of them have focused on the use of calcium salts for the purpose of increasing the water-soluble calcium content of the preparations and the method of preparing the preparations. ing.

[0005] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-263477 discloses a method for producing a foliar spray agent characterized by a calcium concentration of 11% or more in terms of CaO, mainly comprising organic acid calcium and calcium chloride. JP-A-10-120517 also discloses a method for producing a foliar spray, characterized in that a high-concentration water-soluble calcium solution can be obtained by dissolving calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution containing glucose and an organic acid. It has been disclosed.

[0006]

The foliar sprayed calcium is absorbed over time. In addition, the calcium aqueous solution sprayed on the foliage evaporates with time and the calcium is concentrated, sometimes causing phytotoxicity, which is a problem. When a certain concentration of calcium aqueous solution is sprayed, the physicochemical properties of the solution cause rapid absorption from leaves, and if the evaporation of water droplets is suppressed, the concentration time is delayed. However, the risk of phytotoxicity is reduced. It is reported in the Journal of Soil Fertilizer Science, Vol. 69, pp. 626-632 (1998), that calcium is hardly absorbed from leaves, and measures to promote physiological absorption are required. It is also known that there are differences in the time and amount absorbed depending on the type of salt.

[0007] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the absorption of calcium with poor absorption efficiency does not depend only on the properties of the calcium compound, but a substance which promotes absorption from leaves is added and coexisted with the substance to prevent concentration impairment. Reduce phytotoxicity,
An object of the present invention is to develop a water-soluble foliar spray calcium fertilizer that promotes the efficient absorption of calcium by plants. Until now, the existence of a water-soluble calcium fertilizer having such a function is not yet known.

The present inventors have intensively studied various substances in order to rapidly absorb calcium chloride and organic acid calcium, which have been mainly used, into plants. As a result, they have found that salicylic acid and certain specific amino acids have an effect of promoting absorption of calcium into plants, and that lignin sulfonate further enhances the effect. By producing a new fertilizer combining these compounds, the calcium fertilizer for foliar application of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the fertilizer of the present invention) was completed.
In the fertilizer of the present invention, the calcium salt of the main agent can be selected from a composition and a concentration suitable for the target crop in the presence of salicylic acid, an amino acid, or a lignin sulfonate, or in the presence of several combinations. . That is,
It is also possible to produce a high-concentration solution or suspension or a powdery fertilizer of the present invention under a certain composition and dilute it to a predetermined concentration for use. It can also be manufactured and used without dilution. By spraying these fertilizers of the present invention on agricultural crops at an appropriate concentration,
The problem for the above calcium deficiency has been solved.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object comprises a water-soluble calcium compound as a main component and one or both of salicylic acid and amino acid as a constituent. It is a calcium fertilizer for foliar spray characterized by containing as a.

A second aspect of the present invention is the calcium fertilizer for foliar application containing a lignin sulfonate according to the first aspect of the present invention.

The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1 or 2, glycine, alanine, β-alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid or glutamic acid is used as an amino acid. One or two of them
It is a calcium fertilizer for foliar application containing more than one species.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The effects of calcium, salicylic acid, amino acids and lignin sulfonate constituting the fertilizer of the present invention will be described in detail below.

As the calcium compound as the main component, inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and calcium nitrate having high solubility in water are generally used, but other calcium compounds can also be used. That is, instead of calcium chloride, organic acid calcium such as calcium formate, calcium acetate, and calcium propionate can be mixed and used at an arbitrary ratio. The calcium content of the fertilizer of the present invention can be produced at any concentration, and can be produced depending on the type of target plant (fruits, leafy vegetables, fruit trees, flowers). In general, it is preferable to prepare and use a formulation in the range of 5% to 10% in terms of CaO as a solution. This is because, in the present invention, the combination of the concentration of salicylic acid and the amino acid with the concentration at which the calcium absorption effect sufficiently works is important together with the calcium concentration at the time of use. In actual use, it is used at an appropriate concentration in consideration of the stage and condition of the crop. Further, the fertilizer of the present invention can be used by mixing with other fertilizers and pesticides.

Salicylic acid has recently been proposed as a new plant hormone because it exhibits various physiological actions at low concentrations. Salicylic acid is a natural substance, also present in plants, and plays an important signaling role in plant defense against pathogenic bacteria.

The present inventor focused on the properties of calcium for maintaining and enhancing plants and the physiological effects of salicylic acid on plants, and conducted various studies on the calcium absorption promoting effect.
As a result, it has been found that calcium absorption is remarkably promoted in a mixed solution containing a predetermined concentration of calcium and salicylic acid. Salicylic acid of the fertilizer of the present invention is used in a spray concentration of 1 to 300 ppm, but a spray concentration of 10 to 30 ppm.
The ppm range is particularly preferred. At this time, the absorption of calcium is remarkably promoted. Various salts can be used for salicylic acid. Hereinafter, the effect will be described.

The calcium absorption effect of salicylic acid was tested. Calcium chloride, fertilizer of the present invention containing sodium salicylate, calcium chloride concentration 200ppm in terms of CaO,
Spray solution prepared so that the concentration of sodium salicylate is 10 ppm was sprayed on cucumber seedlings together with control (distilled water spray) and single use spray of calcium chloride (CaO conversion: 200 ppm) to determine the calcium content in the leaves. Examined. as a result,
The salicylic acid-added section of the fertilizer of the present invention containing salicylic acid had a significantly higher calcium content than the calcium chloride single-use section and the control section (sprayed with distilled water). Salicylic acid addition section has higher calcium absorption rate than calcium chloride single section,
A remarkable absorption promoting effect was recognized.

Next, the calcium absorption effect of amino acids will be described. Amino acids are important components of proteins that can be said to be the source of vital activities, and are also important substances for plants. Special amino acids are used to promote growth, improve taste and aroma, and have cold resistance and antibacterial properties. Its useful functions, such as improvement, are becoming more and more apparent. In the context of calcium, calmodulin, a calcium binding protein, binds to calcium ions involved in signal transduction to activate glutamate decarboxylase and decarboxylate glutamic acid to convert it to 4-aminobutyric acid. These amino acids increase rapidly in cells in response to rapid changes in the cultivation environment, diseases and tissue damage.

The present inventor focused on how the application of various amino acids affects the absorption of calcium, and studied the effects. As a result, it has been found that a certain concentration of a specific amino acid significantly promotes calcium absorption. The fertilizer of the present invention is used when the specific amino acid is applied in a solution concentration of 20 to 1,000 ppm, preferably 50 to 1,000 ppm.
100 ppm. At this time, absorption of calcium is remarkably promoted.

The calcium absorption effect of amino acids was tested. A spray solution prepared by adjusting the fertilizer of the present invention containing calcium chloride and various amino acids to a calcium chloride concentration of 200 ppm in terms of CaO and a concentration of various amino acids to 100 ppm was used as a control (sprayed with distilled water) and calcium chloride alone. Spray (Ca
(200 ppm in terms of O) and cucumber seedlings were sprayed onto the leaves to examine the calcium content in the leaves. As a result, the specific amino acid-added group had a higher calcium content than the control group and the calcium chloride single-use group. From the test results, in the comparison between each amino acid-added group and the calcium chloride single-use group, the specific amino acids constituting the fertilizer of the present invention include, in particular, glutamic acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, β-alanine, alanine,
Glycine can be mentioned, and a spray liquid containing one or more of these glycine showed a high calcium absorption promoting effect. The specific amino acid to be used may be either an acid or a salt, and as a salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an amine salt or the like can be used.

Lignin sulfonates are widely used in the agricultural field, for example, to improve the physical properties of agricultural chemical formulations and to use them as spreading agents when used. The fertilizer of the present invention is diluted at the time of use, and the addition of lignin sulfonate is effective. The physical properties (wetting property, spreadability, adhesion) and chemical properties of lignin sulfonate synergistically increase the calcium absorption effect of salicylic acid and amino acids, and improve the performance of the fertilizer of the present invention. Was found. As the salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt and the like can be used.

The effect of lignin sulfonate on promoting calcium absorption was tested. The fertilizer of the present invention containing calcium chloride, salicylic acid and sodium ligninsulfonate was adjusted to a calcium concentration of 200 ppm in terms of CaO, salicylic acid to two concentrations of 10 ppm and 50 ppm, and ligninsulfonic acid to 20 ppm. As described above, the foliage was sprayed on cucumber seedlings and the amount of calcium absorbed was examined. As a result, the absorption of calcium by the combination of “calcium salt + salicyl salt + lignin sulfonate” was much higher than that of calcium chloride alone. In particular, the treatment with 10 ppm of salicylic acid showed a high accelerating effect by ligninsulfonate.

Further, a spray solution of a predetermined concentration of the fertilizer of the present invention containing predetermined amounts of calcium chloride, amino acids and sodium ligninsulfonate was prepared. Alanine, β-alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, and glutamic acid were used as amino acids, and their concentrations were adjusted to 100 ppm, and calcium chloride was Ca
O 2 conversion was adjusted to 200 ppm, and lignin sulfonic acid was adjusted to 20 ppm. Cucumber seedlings were treated in the same manner as above, and the amount of calcium absorbed in the cucumber leaves was examined. As a result, the combination of "calcium salt + amino acid + lignin sulfonate"
It shows the same tendency as in the application test of “calcium salt + amino acid”, and in particular, glutamic acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, β
-Alanine and each amino acid of alanine had an extremely high promoting effect on calcium absorption. Here, these amino acids were confirmed as specific amino acids of the fertilizer of the present invention.

Saccharides are also considered as absorption-promoting substances, and are used for preventing phytotoxicity when spraying pesticides, preventing frost damage during early and late frost, countermeasures against salt concentration disorders, maintaining freshness, and improving the stability of preparations. . Addition is effective because it may be mixed with other preparations or included in the preparations at the time of use.

The present inventors have also paid attention to the effect when salicylic acid and amino acids each exhibiting an effective calcium absorption promoting effect coexist in the fertilizer of the present invention. As a result of testing the effect, a remarkable calcium absorption promoting effect was confirmed.

As one specific example, the main component of calcium is calcium chloride or calcium chloride and calcium acetate, and these are sodium glutamate,
Prepare a spray solution of a predetermined concentration of the fertilizer of the present invention containing sodium salicylate and sodium lignin sulfonate,
Applied. As in the case of the above example, the leaves were sprayed on the cucumber seedlings and the amount of calcium absorbed in the leaves was examined. Even when the type and composition ratio of the calcium compound as the main component were changed, an excellent absorption promoting effect was recognized as compared with the case of single application of the calcium aqueous solution.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically and in detail with reference to Examples. In addition, the combination of the kind, amount, and composition ratio of each component is not limited to these.

[0027]

Example 1 With respect to the method for producing the fertilizer of the present invention, an example of a combination of "calcium salt + glutamic acid + salicylic acid + lignin sulfonate + glucose" will be described below. To 25 g of distilled water, 2.0 g of glucose, 0.25 g of sodium ligninsulfonate, 0.58 g of sodium salicylate, and 5.0 g of sodium glutamate were sequentially added and dissolved. This is referred to as "one liquid". On the other hand, 26.3 g of calcium chloride dihydrate is dissolved in 40 g of distilled water to make a "two-liquid". After slowly mixing the two liquids into one liquid, water was added to finally adjust to 100 g. Before use, the fertilizer of the present invention was diluted to a predetermined concentration and subjected to a test. Other combinations were manufactured in the same manner.

[0028]

[Test Example 1] The method of conducting the biological test is as follows. The fertilizer of the present invention (prepared for each test, diluted with distilled water to the set concentration) was sprayed, and the calcium concentration was adjusted to 200 ppm in terms of CaO. Similarly, the calcium chloride single-use section and the control section (sprayed with distilled water) with a calcium concentration of 200 ppm in terms of CaO,
Using a five-leaf developed seedling of cucumber, 25 ml of each was sprayed on the second leaf of the true leaf. The components and concentrations of the spray liquid other than calcium are shown for each example. 48 after foliar application
Leaves are collected over time, washed immediately with water containing a small amount of surfactant, and then washed with distilled water to remove excess calcium and other contaminants attached. A quantitative analysis was performed.

[0029]

Example 2 A combination of "calcium salt + salicylic acid" is shown below as Example 2. The fertilizer of the present invention in Example 2 was prepared by adding a solution prepared by dissolving 0.58 g of sodium salicylate in 10 g of distilled water to a solution of 26.3 g of calcium chloride dihydrate in 60 g of distilled water, and then adding distilled water.
It was adjusted to 0 g.

[0030]

Test Example 2 The spray liquid (salicylic acid-added section) was prepared by diluting the fertilizer of the present invention of Example 2 500 times with distilled water to adjust the calcium concentration to 200 ppm in terms of CaO and 10 ppm with salicylic acid. Calcium chloride spray solution (Calcium chloride spray area) dilutes high concentration calcium chloride solution to reduce calcium concentration.
It was adjusted to 200 ppm in terms of CaO. A distilled water spraying section was provided as a control section. Using five-leaf development seedlings of cucumber, two leaves
The leaves were sprayed with 25 ml each. 48 hours after spraying the leaves, the leaves were collected, washed, dried and analyzed for calcium content. As a result, the salicylic acid-added section and the calcium chloride single-use section had higher calcium content than the control section, indicating that there was an effect by foliar spraying. Comparing the two groups, the salicylic acid-added group had a higher calcium absorption rate than the calcium chloride single-use group, and an absorption promoting effect was recognized. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0031]

[Table 1]

[0032]

Example 3 A combination of "calcium salt + salicylic acid + sodium lignin sulfonate" is shown below as Example 3. Sodium ligninsulfonate in 20g of distilled water
1.0 g and 0.58 g of sodium salicylate were added in this order to make a “one-pack” solution. Meanwhile, calcium chloride dihydrate 26.3g
Is dissolved in 50 g of distilled water to make "2 liquids". After slowly mixing the two liquids into one liquid, distilled water was added to adjust the final amount to 100 g.

[0033]

Test Example 3 The fertilizer of the present invention of Example 3 was diluted 500 times to obtain a spray liquid. Lignin sulfonate in spray liquid is 20ppm
The salicylic acid was prepared in two concentrations of 10 ppm and 50 ppm. Cucumber seedlings were sprayed on leaves in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the amount of calcium absorbed was examined. "Calcium salt +
Calcium absorption by the combination of “salicylic acid + ligninsulfonic acid” was significantly higher in the ligninsulfonate / salicylic acid combination group than in the calcium chloride single-use group, and higher in the 10 ppm concentration group than in the salicylic acid 50 ppm concentration group. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0034]

[Table 2]

[0035]

Example 4 A combination of “calcium salt + amino acid” is shown below as Example 4. 5.0 g of amino acid was added to a solution of 26.3 g of calcium chloride dihydrate in 45 g of distilled water.
g of distilled water was added, and then distilled water was added to adjust to 100 g. As the kinds of amino acids, β-alanine, sodium L-glutamate, glycine, and alanine were tested, and four kinds of the fertilizers of the present invention were produced.

[0036]

Test Example 4 The calcium absorption effect of amino acids was tested. The four types of the fertilizers of the present invention containing calcium chloride and amino acids of Example 4 were diluted to reduce the calcium concentration.
A spray solution prepared at 200 ppm in terms of CaO and an amino acid concentration of 100 ppm was sprayed on the second true leaf of a cucumber in the same manner as in Test Example 1, using a five-leaf developing seedling of cucumber. After spraying, leaves were collected 48 hours later, washed with water, dried and analyzed for calcium content. As a result, both the amino acid-added group and the calcium chloride single-use group had higher calcium content than the control group. The results of comparing each amino acid-added group with the calcium chloride single-use group showed that, among them, β-alanine,
Sodium L-glutamate, glycine and alanine show high absorption effects, and these were used as specific amino acids constituting the fertilizer of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0037]

[Table 3]

[0038]

Example 5 A combination of "calcium salt + amino acid + sodium lignin sulfonate" is shown below as Example 5. Sodium lignin sulfonate in 20 g of distilled water 1.
0 g and 5.0 g of each of several kinds of amino acids are added and dissolved to prepare a "one solution". On the other hand, 26.3 g of calcium chloride dihydrate is dissolved in 45 g of distilled water to prepare a "two-liquid". After slowly mixing the two liquids into one liquid, distilled water was added to adjust the final amount to 100 g. Alanine, β-alanine,
4-aminobutyric acid and sodium L-glutamate were used to produce four kinds of the fertilizers of the present invention.

[0039]

Test Example 5 Four kinds of the fertilizer of the present invention of Example 5 containing calcium chloride, an amino acid and sodium ligninsulfonate dissolved therein were diluted to a calcium concentration of 200 ppm in terms of CaO.
The concentration of the amino acid was adjusted to 100 ppm and the concentration of sodium ligninsulfonate was adjusted to 20 ppm to prepare a spray liquid. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, cucumber was sprayed onto the second leaf of the true leaf, and the calcium content was examined. The results are shown in Table 4. The absorption of calcium by the combination of “calcium salt + amino acid + sodium ligninsulfonate” indicates that among the types of amino acids, sodium L-glutamate, 4-aminobutyric acid, β-
Alanine followed by alanine had a high absorption effect. These amino acids were identified as specific amino acids of the fertilizer of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0040]

[Table 4]

[0041]

Example 6 In Example 6, a combination of "calcium salt + glutamic acid + salicylic acid + lignin sulfonate" will be described below. Solution a: 10 ml of sodium ligninsulfonate in 400 ml of distilled water
mg, sodium salicylate 5.8 mg, sodium glutamate 50 mg, calcium chloride dihydrate 210 mg and calcium acetate 63 mg were added and dissolved in this order, and water was added to finally give 500 m
l. Solution b: 10 ml of sodium ligninsulfonate in 400 ml of distilled water
mg, sodium salicylate 5.8 mg, sodium glutamate 50 mg, and calcium chloride dihydrate 265 mg were sequentially added and dissolved, and water was added to make a final 500 ml. Two kinds of the fertilizers of the present invention, which were used without dilution, were prepared from liquid a and liquid b having different calcium salt compositions.

[0042]

Test Example 6 The main component calcium is calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) alone or calcium chloride and calcium acetate
(Ac-Ca), and sodium glutamate (G
lu), sodium salicylate (Sa) and sodium ligninsulfonate (L) were mixed and dissolved to prepare a fertilizer of the present invention, which was used as a spray liquid. The concentrations of these components are shown in the composition of the spray liquid in Table 5. In addition to the spraying liquid, a control section (distilled water spraying), a calcium chloride single-use section, and a calcium acetate single-use section were provided as controls to compare the effects with the spraying liquid. Table 6 shows the results obtained by spraying leaves onto cucumber seedlings in the same manner as in Test Example 1 and examining the amount of calcium absorbed. The combination of "Calcium salt + Glutamic acid + Salicylic acid + Lignin sulfonic acid" has a high calcium absorption promotion effect. Even if the type and composition ratio of the main component calcium compound is changed, it is superior to single application of calcium aqueous solution. The effect was recognized.

[0043]

[Table 5]

[0044]

[Table 6]

[0045]

[Example 7] In Example 7, "Calcium salt + glutamic acid + salicylic acid + lignin sulfonate" of Example 6 was used.
A powdered fertilizer of the present invention having the same combination as in Example 1 was produced. Agent a: sodium lignin sulfonate 2.95 g, sodium salicylate 1.71 g, sodium glutamate 14.76 g,
61.98 g of calcium chloride dihydrate and 18.6 g of calcium acetate
Were added successively and mixed so as to be uniform to prepare 100 g. Agent b: sodium lignin sulfonate 3.02 g, sodium salicylate 1.75 g, sodium glutamate 15.11 g,
And 80.11 g of calcium chloride dihydrate were added in this order, and mixed until uniform to prepare 100 g. Two types of powdered fertilizers of the present invention, agent a and agent b, having different calcium salt compositions were produced. By dissolving 0.331 g of the agent a and 0.339 g of the agent b in water together and diluting them with a 500 ml aqueous solution, the liquids a and b, which are the spraying liquids of Example 6, can be produced.

[0046]

The calcium of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer of the present invention is efficiently absorbed without waste into plants when sprayed on the leaves. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the calcium concentration more than necessary, there is little risk of chemical injury, and the number of times of spraying can be reduced, so that it is economically and work efficiently.

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Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A water-soluble calcium compound as a main component,
A calcium fertilizer for foliar application, comprising one or both of salicylic acid and an amino acid as a component. 2. The calcium fertilizer for foliar application according to claim 1, comprising a lignin sulfonate. 3. Glycine, alanine, β
One of alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid
The calcium fertilizer for foliar application according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising a seed or two or more kinds.