JP2003321290A - Calcium-spraying agent on leaf surface and preparation for spraying - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a calcium-spraying agent on leaf surfaces with which calcium can be absorbed directly and efficiently in the leaf surfaces of crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, petals and fruits, to reduce a physiological disorder due to calcium deficiency of the crops and to reinforce the crops' constitutions. <P>SOLUTION: The calcium-spraying agent on the leaf surfaces and the preparation for spraying are obtained by containing a humificated extract in a calcium compound. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the leaves of plants and crops for reducing physiological disorders caused by calcium in plants.
Further, the present invention relates to a calcium foliar spray agent to be sprayed on fruits and a spray preparation containing the foliar spray agent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Calcium is an important nutrient that constitutes cells in plants, but it often causes deficiency due to malabsorption due to acidification of soil. The calcium fertilization applied to the soil as a countermeasure is difficult to predict in advance and cannot be an effective countermeasure because the timing of deficiency occurs in the latter half of the plant growth. Further, since the absorption of calcium is carried out together with the absorption of water in soil, it depends on meteorological factors, and deficiency may occur even if sufficient calcium exists in soil. In addition, the migration of calcium within the plant is slower than other fertilizer factors, and partial calcium deficiency is seen in permanent crops. In particular, with regard to calcium deficiency in fruits of fruit trees, most of the calcium absorbed from the roots migrates over a year, so that fertilization to soil lacks immediate effect.

In order to solve these problems, foliar application of calcium fertilizer, which is adapted to directly absorb calcium at the site where deficiency occurs, has been effective.

At present, such calcium fertilizers for foliar sprays include calcium chloride and calcium formate (JP-A-59-13).
7384), or calcium EDTA, etc. are known.

However, when these conventional calcium agents are applied by foliar application, the absorption efficiency from the foliage is not necessarily high. In addition, there are some cases in which chemical damage such as foliage burning occurs after spraying, and the expected effect is often not obtained. On the other hand, in order to reduce phytotoxicity and promote efficient calcium absorption, a calcium fertilizer in which a highly soluble calcium salt and a low solubility salt are combined is disclosed (JP-A-7-1066).
No. 6) has been put to practical use.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have proposed a calcium fertilizer combining a high-solubility calcium salt and a low-solubility salt in order to reduce phytotoxicity and promote efficient calcium absorption.
In a completely different method from (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-10666), it is possible to efficiently absorb calcium into crops, reduce physiological disorders due to calcium deficiency in crops, and strengthen the constitution. In order to provide a calcium foliar spray that does not cause phytotoxicity, the present inventors have made extensive studies. As a result, the present inventors have found that such a problem can be solved by a foliar-dispersed calcium fertilizer characterized by containing a humus extract substance in a calcium compound. Further, they have found that by mixing and diluting a calcium compound and a humus extract and spraying them on the leaves, calcium is efficiently absorbed in crops, and furthermore, the occurrence of phytotoxicity is eliminated. The present invention has been completed from this point of view.

[0007]

That is, the present invention provides a foliar spray agent for calcium, which comprises a calcium compound and a humus extract substance. Here, the calcium compound is usually an organic or inorganic calcium compound, and for example, a water-soluble calcium compound is suitable. For calcium foliar spray,
In addition, a chelating agent can be added. Also,
The present invention also provides a spray preparation containing the above-mentioned calcium foliar spray, a plant nutrition component, and a plant physiologically active substance. Such a calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention can directly and efficiently absorb calcium to the leaves and fruits of crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, and reduce physiological disorders due to calcium deficiency in crops. Then
It has the effect of strengthening the constitution of crops. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The calcium foliar spray of the present invention contains a humus extract substance in a calcium compound. As the calcium compound, widely known calcium compounds can be widely used, for example, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, inorganic calcium salts such as calcium hydroxide, or acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, Examples thereof include organic acid calcium salts such as gluconic acid and citric acid, chelate calcium salts such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and fatty acid calcium salts. You may use these calcium compounds in mixture of 2 or more types. Further, as the calcium compound, a water-soluble calcium salt is particularly preferable in consideration of absorption and utilization in crops.

The humus extract used in the present invention may be one obtained by extracting corrosion or humus soil with an acid / alkali / water or an organic solvent. In the broad sense, humus is a general term for "organic substances existing in soil," and in a narrow sense, "dark brown to black amorphous decomposing or residual organic substances among soil organic substances". The term "humus soil" refers to soil containing 20% or more of humus in soil. Such corrosion is described, for example, in “Soil Organic Chemistry (2nd Edition)”, Kyoichi Kumada (Society Press Center), pp. 2-6, or “Encyclopedia of Fertilizers (Revised 4th Edition)”. Pp. 232-233. Non-humic substances and corrosive substances are mainly contained in these humus extracts. Non-humic substances include organic compounds having distinguishable chemical characteristics such as carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, amino acids, fats and pigments. Also, as humic substances,
Amorphous polydisperse substances having molecular weights of thousands to tens of thousands such as humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin are included. It is preferable to adjust the pH of these extracts depending on the purpose of use.

A chelating agent may be added to the calcium foliar spray of the present invention in order to enhance the effect.

As the chelating agent used in the present invention,
There are aminopolycarboxylic acid type chelating agents, aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid type chelating agents, amino acid type chelating agents and the like, and these may be in the form of an acid or a sodium salt. Also, two or more chelating agents may be used.

Examples of the aminopolycarboxylic acid type chelating agent include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and salts thereof.

Examples of the aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid type chelating agents include citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid and salts thereof.

The calcium foliar spray of the present invention may be mixed with other plant nutrients, plant physiologically active substances, carriers and other auxiliary agents, if necessary, to prepare a spray formulation, You can spray it.

Examples of plant nutritional components include those conventionally used. Specifically, ammonia nitrate, nitrogen sources such as urea, magnesium phosphate, phosphoric acid sources such as melt, potassium sources such as potassium chloride, and other trace elements (iron, manganese) that are essential components of plants. , Copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron) and the like. Examples of the plant physiologically active substance include plant hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid, and vitamin substances such as ascorbic acid, riboflavin and pyridoxine.

The carrier and other auxiliary agents include those conventionally used. Specifically, a wettable powder, an emulsion, a flowable agent or the like can be prepared and used.

Further, as a suitable carrier to be used in formulating the calcium foliar spray of the present invention, any solid carrier or liquid can be used as long as it is usually used for agricultural and horticultural agents. It is not limited.

Examples of the solid carrier include clay, talc, bentonite, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, mineral powder such as white carbon, soybean powder, vegetable powder such as starch, petroleum resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol and the like. Polymer compounds such as, urea,
Examples thereof include waxes.

As the auxiliary agent, surfactants, binders, stabilizers and the like which are usually used in agricultural and horticultural chemicals can be used alone or in combination as required. Further, depending on the case, an industrial bactericidal agent, an antibacterial agent or an antifungal agent may be added for antibacterial / mildew. Examples of surfactants include known nonionic, anionic,
Examples thereof include cationic and amphoteric organic surfactants, and inorganic surfactants such as phosphate ester salts.

When the calcium foliar spray of the present invention is applied to vegetables, fruit trees and Hanai, its concentration varies depending on the type of crop to be applied, the cropping pattern, the climate and the weather, and is not generally determined. , Generally in the range of 1 ppm to 1 wt% as calcium, preferably 50 p
It is preferable to be in the range of pm to 0.5% by weight. If this concentration is less than 1 ppm, the desired effect may not be obtained, while
If it exceeds 1% by weight, the effect is limited, and there is a risk of chemical damage such as browning of leaf edges, which is not preferable.

In preparing the calcium foliar spray of the present invention, the amount of the humus extract added depends on the amount of the humus, but is usually in the range of about 0.5% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 1% by weight.
% To 20% by weight is preferable. If this concentration is less than 0.5% by weight, the desired effect may not be obtained, while 50% by weight
If it exceeds, the effect may be limited due to the occurrence of precipitation or the like during the adjustment, which is not preferable.

When the calcium foliar spray of the present invention is applied to vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, the timing varies depending on the type of crop to be applied, the pattern, the climate and the weather and is not generally determined. Generally, it is preferable that the fruits are sprayed from the juvenile stage to the late stage of growth, in the case of vegetables until the harvest after planting in this field, and in the case of flowers from the middle stage of growth to the bud stage. Furthermore, the calcium deficiency of each crop is
Since application of calcium after generation does not produce a sufficient effect, it is preferable to apply it prophylactically.

The calcium foliar spray of the present invention has the above-mentioned constitution and can directly and efficiently absorb calcium to the leaves and fruits of crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, and the calcium deficiency of the crops. It has the effect of alleviating the physiological disorders caused by and strengthening the constitution of crops. That is, as is clear from the examples described below, the calcium foliar spray of the present invention has a remarkable effect of reducing calcium deficiency as compared with the untreated section, and also increases the calcium content in the crop. Therefore, it has the same or higher effect than the calcium foliar sprays currently on the market.

[0024]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Preparation Example of Formulation CaCl ₂ (anhydrous) as a calcium source in a final concentration of 25% by weight, citric acid in a final concentration of 1% by weight, and a humus extract in an appropriate amount of tap water
Add (humus soil water extraction) to a final concentration of 5% and dissolve. After adjusting the pH to 7.0 with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution,
100% with tap water. This preparation is a colorless and transparent aqueous solution, and has a calcium concentration (CaO) of 12.5% by weight. This formulation was used in the following examples.

Example 1 Shiraishi Calcium Co., Ltd. test field in 1999 (Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture)
In a test tree apple (cultivar; Fuji / M26 8th grade) by applying calcium foliar spray agent
A test for confirming the effect of reducing the occurrence of (calcium deficiency in apples) was conducted. In the test, the effect of reducing the bitter pit occurrence rate of each preparation was observed from the calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention prepared in Preparation Examples, calcium chloride, calcium formate, and the bitter pit occurrence rate of the untreated section. In addition, the flesh and skin of each plot were analyzed for calcium and the differences between the treatments were compared.

[0027] As test drug test drug was prepared following agents. Incidentally, in order to compare the effect of reducing the occurrence of bitter pits of the calcium foliar spray agent, a non-scattering section where no calcium supplement agent was applied was provided.

For each of the calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention, calcium chloride and calcium formate prepared in the preparation example of the preparation, each reagent is CaO and is 0.00.
What was diluted to 1% was used.

Dispersion day The diluted solution of the test reagent was added on June 20, July 5, July 20, 8
On the 5th of each month and 20th of August, using a shoulder spreader, the fruits and leaves were sprayed so that a sufficient amount of the drug solution was applied. The test was carried out by tree and repeated twice in each section.

On the day of survey, the test tree sprayed with each reagent was harvested on December 19, 50 fruits in each plot were randomly extracted, and the occurrence rate of bitter pits was investigated. Approximately the same weight of apples was selected from each group and calcium analysis was performed. still,
For calcium analysis, the core of the fruit was removed, the skin and the flesh were separated, and after dry ashing, it was extracted with hydrochloric acid and analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrometer.

Results The tests as described above were performed, and the results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention, calcium chloride,
The rate of calcium formate, the occurrence of bitter pits in the untreated section, and the calcium content of pulp and skin were shown to show the effect of the calcium supplement, and the degree of phytotoxicity was determined.

[0032]

[Table 1]

Evaluation The calcium supplement is evaluated by suppressing the incidence of bitter pit, which is a calcium deficiency in apple, and further increasing the calcium content in fruits. We will evaluate along with this.

First, although untreated, the rate of occurrence of bitter pits was 16.0%, and bitter pits occurred at a considerable rate, which may lower fruit quality and reduce the commercialization rate.

Next, calcium chloride and calcium formate were sprayed.
It was 10.0% and 12.5%. Compared with non-spraying, the rate of occurrence of bitter pits was reduced in both plots, and the calcium content in the fruits was also higher than that of untreated. There was a burning symptom due to the drug on the leaves, but this was not a problem. Therefore, spraying calcium chloride and calcium formate is effective in reducing the bitter pits of apples.

Next, regarding the foliar-dispersed calcium agent of the present invention, the bitter pit occurrence rate is 6.0%, and the bitter pit occurrence rate is higher than that of the untreated or calcium chloride or calcium formate sprayed. It is reducing. In addition, the calcium content in fruits is higher than that of untreated or sprinkled with calcium chloride or calcium formate. Further, no phytotoxicity is observed at all, and therefore, the calcium foliar spray of the present invention is more effective in further improving fruit quality than spraying calcium chloride or calcium formate.

Example 2 In 1999, in a test field in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, tomatoes were subjected to a test for confirming the effect of reducing the occurrence of bottom rot (calcium deficiency in tomato) by applying a calcium foliar spray. In addition, in the test, the effect of reducing the bottom rot of each preparation was observed from the number of the bottom rot generated in the calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention, calcium chloride, calcium formate, and the untreated group which were adjusted in the formulation examples.

[0038] As test drug test drug was prepared following agents. In addition, in order to compare the effect of reducing the occurrence of bottom rot of the calcium foliar spray agent, a non-scattering area where no calcium supplement agent was applied was provided.

For each of the calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention, calcium chloride, and calcium formate prepared in the preparation example of the preparation, each reagent was used as CaO in an amount of 0.0
What was diluted to 1% was used.

After planting on the main field on June 2nd, the diluted solution of the reagent solution was sprayed at 150 liters / 10a (R) on June 21, July 3 and July 18th.
It was sprayed.

On the survey day, on July 30, the number of occurrence of bottom rot of the fruits bearing fruit in 2-3 bunches was examined for 20 strains in each test plot.

Results The tests described above were performed, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Then the calcium foliar spray of the present invention, calcium chloride,
The effect of the calcium supplement is shown by the number of occurrences of bottom rot in calcium formate and untreated plots. The degree of occurrence of drug damage was also determined.

[0043]

[Table 2]

Evaluation The calcium supplement is evaluated by suppressing the occurrence of bottom rot which is a calcium deficiency in tomato. We will evaluate along with this.

First, although no treatment was carried out, the number of fruits with rot on the bottom was 31, which was a very large number. This may reduce the commercialization rate of tomatoes.

Next, calcium chloride and calcium formate were sprayed, and the numbers of fruits with bottom rot were 14 and 12, respectively. Compared with non-spraying, the number of bottom rots generated in both plots was reduced, and there was no chemical damage. Therefore, spraying calcium chloride and calcium formate is effective in reducing the occurrence of bottom rots in tomatoes.

Next, regarding the calcium agent for foliar application according to the present invention, the number of fruits causing rot on the bottom is 6, and the rot on the bottom is higher than that in the non-treated group, the calcium chloride group and the calcium formate group. The number of occurrences is reduced. Also, no drug damage can be seen. Therefore, the calcium foliar application agent of the present invention is more effective than the application of calcium chloride or calcium formate for further improving the commercialization rate.

Example 3 Reduction of occurrence of leaf tip blight (calcium deficiency of eustoma) by applying calcium foliar spray to lisianthus (variety: Azuma no Kaoru) in a test field in Kami-gun, Kochi prefecture in 1998 An effect confirmation test was conducted. Incidentally, the test is a calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention prepared in the formulation example,
From the incidence of leaf tip blight of calcium chloride and non-treated areas, the effect of reducing leaf tip blight on each formulation was examined. Moreover, the calcium analysis of the leaves of each plot was performed to compare the differences between the treatments.

[0049] As test drug test drug was prepared following agents. In addition, in order to compare the effect of reducing the development of leaf tip blight of the calcium foliar spray agent, a non-scattering section to which no calcium supplement agent was applied was provided.

The calcium foliar spray agent of the present invention prepared in the formulation example and calcium chloride were used by diluting each reagent agent to 0.01% as CaO.

After planting in the main field on the spraying day October 5, a sufficient amount of the above-mentioned diluted solution of the reagent to be dripped from the leaves was applied on November 5 and November 12.
It was sprayed on Sunday and November 18th three times.

On the survey day, on December 10, the occurrence rate of leaf tip blight was investigated for 200 strains in each test plot according to the degree. For 10 strains randomly selected from each plot after the survey, the leaves were divided into upper leaves and middle to lower leaves, and calcium analysis was performed. The calcium analysis was performed by dry ashing, extraction with hydrochloric acid, and analysis with an atomic absorption spectrometer.

Results The tests described above were performed, and the results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, calcium foliar spray of the present invention, calcium chloride,
The effects of calcium supplements are shown based on the incidence of leaf tip blight in the untreated plots and the calcium content in the leaves.

[0054]

[Table 3]

Evaluation The calcium supplement is evaluated by suppressing the incidence of leaf tip blight, which is a calcium deficiency of eustoma, and further increasing the calcium content in the leaves.

First, in the untreated plot, the occurrence rate of leaf tip blight was 95.0%, and leaf tip blight occurred at a very high rate. Regarding the degree of leaf tip blight, "Jin" was 6
2.0% was the highest, followed by "medium" at 23.5% and "light" at 9.5%
The percentage of “no” without leaf tip blight was 5.0%. This may reduce the quality of eustoma and significantly reduce the commercialization rate.

Next, although calcium chloride was sprayed, the occurrence rate of leaf tip blight was 72.5%,
Leaf tip blight occurred at a high rate. However, looking at the degree of tip blight, 12.5% of `` Jin '' and 43 of `` Medium ''.
0%, “Light” was 18.0%, and “None” was 26.5%, clearly reducing the occurrence. Moreover, the calcium content in the leaves is also higher than that in the non-sprayed plant. Therefore, sprinkling of calcium chloride is effective for reducing leaf tip blight of Eustoma but is not sufficient.

Next, regarding the foliar sprayed calcium agent of the present invention, the incidence of leaf blight is 68.0%,
The occurrence rate of leaf tip blight was lower than that of untreated and calcium chloride sprayed areas. The incidence of leaf tip blight was 9.0% for Jin, 25.0% for Medium, and 34 for Light.
0% and "None" were 32.0%, and the occurrence degree of leaf tip blight was less than that of untreated or calcium chloride sprayed plots. Furthermore, the calcium content in the leaves is also increased as compared to that without treatment or sprayed with calcium chloride. Therefore, the calcium foliar spray of the present invention further improves the quality of lisianthus compared with spraying calcium chloride. It is effective to let.

[0059]

The calcium foliar spray according to the present invention is
Contains humus extract substances in calcium compounds, resulting in
Calcium can be directly and efficiently absorbed by fruit trees, vegetables, and Hanai. Furthermore, the effect is stable, and
It exhibits an extremely excellent calcium absorption effect, and its usefulness is extremely large.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A calcium foliar spray which comprises a humus extract substance in a calcium compound. 2. The calcium foliar spray according to claim 1, wherein the calcium compound is an organic or inorganic calcium compound. 3. The calcium foliar spray agent according to claim 1, wherein the calcium compound is a water-soluble calcium compound. 4. The calcium foliar spray according to claim 1, further comprising a chelating agent. 5. A spray preparation comprising the calcium foliar spray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a plant nutrition component, and a plant physiologically active substance.