CN114051492A - 灰泥处理复合物 - Google Patents
灰泥处理复合物 Download PDFInfo
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- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种灰泥处理复合物，特别是一种含有水玻璃的、用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物，其含有20至69wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、20至59.9wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10至20wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷和0.1至1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于灰泥处理的复合物，特别是涉及一种含有水玻璃的用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物。
背景技术
从目前的技术，已知多种用于改善灰泥表面性能的种方法，它们的组成与灰泥的组成有关，特别是与它们的粘合剂的类型有关。
丙烯酸类灰泥含有合成树脂粘合剂，因此灰泥坚硬、坚韧且防水。它们的主要缺点是，除了抗灰尘粘附性较差、热稳定性较低和抗真菌作用较弱外，它们的蒸气渗透性特别差。
硅酸盐灰泥的粘合剂由钾水玻璃制成，因此它们具有优异的蒸气渗透性，并且可用于所有类型的隔热系统。它们的缺点包括柔韧性和防水性较差。
除了这些现代灰泥外，石灰灰泥还用于较旧的历史建筑。它们的问题是逐渐降解，这可以是物理的(湿度变化、机械影响)和生物的(植物根系、微生物的影响)，但尤其是化学的，它由作为石灰砂浆和灰泥的主要硬化产物的碳酸钙的分解组成。
灰泥的增强也可以通过用水玻璃涂刷来进行。使用水玻璃的已知解决方案的缺点在于，在它们被使用之后，灰泥的表面层通常硬化并与基材分离。
从专利文献CZ PV 1988-8934中已知一种基于丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、甲基硅氧烷和二氧化硅(siloxide)以及高达10wt％水玻璃的外墙涂料。填料是石灰石和颜料。由于其有机碱，该涂料的蒸气渗透性不足。该涂料防水，但不适用于旧灰泥的补救处理。
从另外的专利文献CZ PV 1991-1916已知一种基于石灰石、钾水玻璃、胶体二氧化硅、硅酮、硅氧烷和颜料的灰泥涂料。这种涂料不具有良好的蒸气渗透性，再次不适合旧灰泥的补救处理。
从专利文献CZ 279049中已知一种由钾水玻璃组成的涂料物质，其含量为5至15wt％的二氧化硅(silica)，5至15wt％50wt％的苯乙烯丙烯酸酯分散体，20至30wt％的石灰石、白云石、菱镁矿或其混合物，10至20wt％的硅酸铝、碱金属、碱性土壤和镁，0.1至15wt％的有机白色和彩色颜料，以及0.2至1wt％的基于硅烷或聚有机硅氧烷的疏水添加剂。这种涂料的缺点是它会在灰泥上形成一坚硬的层，这会导致灰泥的破坏。
从上述当前技术可以清楚地看出，已知当前技术的主要缺点是已知的灰泥表面处理物质往往会造成灰泥表面的破坏。
本发明的目的是提供一种灰泥处理复合物，其稳定并改善灰泥的长期表面性能。
发明内容
通过一种灰泥处理复合物，特别是一种用于增强防水灰泥处理的含有水玻璃的复合物，在很大程度上消除了上述缺点并且实现了本发明的目的，根据本发明，其特征在于它由20至69wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、20至59.9wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10至20wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和0.1至1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂组成。该复合物的优点是抗降解性高。该复合物还具有优异的抗真菌作用，环境友好且对健康无害，能很好地反射UV辐射，同时不释放任何有机有毒物质。为了改善疏水化效果，将溶液加入到硅烷浓度高达30wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷复合物中。优点是不会降低复合物的蒸汽渗透性、抗真菌作用和热稳定性。
所述灰泥处理复合物还含有0.1至1wt％的胶体银水溶液，最有利的是浓度为100ppm。优点是它含有胶体银溶液，其显著提高了对真菌、病毒和细菌的控制。
有利的是，所述硅酸钾水溶液具有在1.67至1.73范围内的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比，并且具有在1650至1670kg/m3范围内的密度。这种组合物的优点是涂层与灰泥的优异附着力以及所述复合物与灰泥的化学粘合的优化。
进一步有利的是，所述硅酸锂水溶液具有在3.8至4.1范围内的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比以及在1100至1300kg/m3范围内的密度。这种复合物的优点是优异的防水性。另一个优点是这种复合物降低了粘度并降低了碱度，这有助于复合物更深入且更有效地渗透到灰泥表面。锂水玻璃具有防水性，同时覆盖并保护灰泥表面免受水的持续侵入，并填充灰泥中出现的任何孔隙，从而防止其中的水和盐分迁移。
有利的是，所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐。
根据本发明的灰泥处理复合物的主要优点是它同时在深度上稳定灰泥表面并显著改善其性能。硬化后，灰泥表面类似于经典玻璃，坚固、坚硬、耐磨，并且除耐水外，还耐盐溶液、油和柴油。另一个优点是该复合物对与灰泥接触的金属元素具有防腐作用。灰泥的表面是可渗透蒸汽的，并确保水蒸气的释放，所述水蒸气可以留在灰泥中或从彻体或地面上升进入灰泥。此外，显著消除了灰泥的磨损。灰泥具有光滑、有光泽且可清洗的表面。该复合物是生态的，且对健康也无害。
具体实施方式
实施例1
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有67wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、21wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、11wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液、0.1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂和0.9wt％浓度为100ppm的胶体银水溶液。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.7并且密度在1660kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为4.03并且密度为1209kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
实施例2
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有69wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、20wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.67并且密度在1650kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为3.8并且密度为1100kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
实施例3
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有68wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、20wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液、1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂和1wt％浓度为100ppm的胶体银水溶液。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.73并且密度在1670kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为4.1并且密度为1300kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
实施例4
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有69wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、20wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.69并且密度在1655kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为4.05并且密度为1250kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
实施例5
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有20wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、59.8wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、20wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液、0.1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂和0.1wt％浓度为100ppm的胶体银水溶液。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.69并且密度在1660kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为4.01并且密度为1150kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
实施例6
用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物含有20wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、59.9wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、20wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和0.1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂。
所述硅酸钾水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.68并且密度在1662kg/m3范围内。
所述硅酸锂水溶液的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比为4.03并且密度为1211kg/m3。
所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
工业应用
根据本发明的灰泥处理复合物可用于灰泥的表面处理，特别是用于旧灰泥的翻新和潮湿墙壁上灰泥的翻新。
Claims (8)
1.一种灰泥处理复合物，特别是一种含有水玻璃的、用于增强防水灰泥处理的复合物，其特征在于所述复合物含有20至69wt％的硅酸钾水溶液，20至59.9wt％的硅酸锂水溶液、10至20wt％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和0.1至1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述复合物还包含0.1至1wt％的胶体银水溶液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述胶体银水溶液具有100ppm的浓度。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸钾水溶液具有在1.67至1.73范围内的二氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸钾水溶液具有在1650至1670kg/m3范围内的密度。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸锂水溶液具有在3.8至4.1范围内的二氧化硅与氧化锂的摩尔质量比。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸锂水溶液具有在1100至1300kg/m3范围内的密度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的灰泥处理复合物，其特征在于所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐。
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