CN114041387A - Planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers - Google Patents
Planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN114041387A CN114041387A CN202111319794.4A CN202111319794A CN114041387A CN 114041387 A CN114041387 A CN 114041387A CN 202111319794 A CN202111319794 A CN 202111319794A CN 114041387 A CN114041387 A CN 114041387A
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- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000082085 Verticillium <Phyllachorales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000003784 poor nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018648 unbalanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers, and relates to the technical field of cucumber planting. The planting management method for improving the commodity rate of the greenhouse cucumbers comprises the following steps: s1, placing an ultraviolet irradiation lamp at room temperature, covering the whole planting soil area with the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, sealing the whole greenhouse area with a light-tight curtain, and starting the ultraviolet irradiation lamp outside the greenhouse to irradiate, sterilize and disinfect the greenhouse soil; s2, paving a layer of earthworm soil on the surface of the greenhouse soil, and then uniformly mixing the earthworm soil and the surface soil. According to the invention, the soil at room temperature can be sterilized and disinfected by the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, meanwhile, the earthworm soil is introduced, the microbial environment of the soil is reconstructed, the microbial activity of the soil is improved, physiological diseases caused by continuous cropping and continuous cropping are avoided, and the capabilities of resisting stubbles, resisting diseases and the like of the soil in the greenhouse are further improved by treating cucumber seedlings by the anti-stubbles biological agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting, in particular to a planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers.
Background
Cucumber, an annual vine or climbing herb of the cucurbitaceae family, is also known as cucurbit, cucumber. The stem and branch are extended, have arris ditch, by the white coarse hair, the curly hair is thin, the petiole is slightly rough, there are coarse hair; the leaf is wide, oval, heart-shaped, membranous, lobe-shaped and toothed. The same male and female plants. Male flowers: constant clusters in the axils of the leaves; the pedicel is fine and is slightly soft; the corolla is yellow and white, and the corolla split piece is long and round and shaped like a needle; female flowers: solitary or rare clustering; the flower stalks are thick and strong, and the quilt is soft; the ovary is rough. The fruits are long round or cylindrical, yellow green when ripe, and rough in surface; the seeds are small, narrow egg-shaped, white and without edges, the two ends are nearly sharp, and the summer is in the flower and fruit period.
At present, a plurality of cucumbers are planted in greenhouses, so that not only is the planting of products in different seasons ensured, but also large-scale production can be carried out, and land resources are reasonably utilized. However, in the greenhouse planting process, physiological diseases caused by continuous cropping and continuous cropping are easy to occur, such as blight, verticillium wilt, virus diseases, root rot, bacterial wilt, death, seedling rotten root, mosaic, deficiency of elements and the like, and meanwhile, in the greenhouse cucumber planting process in the prior art, the condition of poor nutrition of crops is often caused due to unbalanced nutrition of the roots of the crops, so that the harvest of the crops is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting management method for improving the commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers comprises the following steps:
s1, placing an ultraviolet irradiation lamp at room temperature, covering the whole planting soil area with the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, sealing the whole greenhouse area with a light-tight curtain, and starting the ultraviolet irradiation lamp outside the greenhouse to irradiate, sterilize and disinfect the greenhouse soil;
s2, paving a layer of earthworm soil on the surface of the greenhouse soil, and then uniformly mixing the earthworm soil and the surface soil;
s3, selecting cucumber seedlings with good growth vigor, dipping roots of all the cucumber seedlings by using an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, transplanting and planting the cucumber seedlings in greenhouse soil, keeping the temperature in an arched shed after transplanting the cucumber seedlings at 25-30 ℃, and keeping the external low temperature at night at 5 ℃;
s4, frequently cleaning a shed film and uncovering a night cover, arranging a silver-colored aluminized poly film as a reflective screen on the arched shed, and enhancing by using an artificial light source to prolong the illumination time when the arched shed is in continuous cloudy days or in cold weather;
s5, observing the growth conditions of all cucumber seedlings in the greenhouse after transplanting for 3-5 days, removing unqualified cucumber seedlings, and supplementing new cucumber seedlings;
s6, after transplanting, recovering seedlings for 15-20 days, and performing root irrigation treatment on the cucumber seedlings by using an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, wherein the root irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 30-50ml, and meanwhile, the water and fertilizer drip irrigation is matched, and the drip irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 10-20 ml;
s7, after 30 days of transplanting, spraying the mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron once every 5 days, wherein 50Kg of mixed solution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron is sprayed to each mu of land, the solution is prepared by adding 50g of urea, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 100g of borax to each 50Kg of water, and in addition, 1% of mixed solution of white sugar and 1% of urea is sprayed to the plants 5-8 times during the growth period of the cucumbers.
Preferably, in the step 1, when the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is used for irradiation, the irradiation frequency is 3-5 times, the irradiation time is 30-60min each time, and the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is turned off after each irradiation to turn over the soil.
Preferably, the thickness of the earthworm soil laid in the step 2 is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, in the step 3, during transplanting of the cucumber seedlings, a piece of spare soil is arranged in the greenhouse, the cucumber seedlings are planted in the spare soil, and the cucumber seedlings in the spare soil are used for replacing the cucumber seedlings with poor growth vigor.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the soil at room temperature can be sterilized and disinfected by the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, meanwhile, the earthworm soil is introduced, the microbial environment of the soil is reconstructed, the microbial activity of the soil is improved, physiological diseases caused by continuous cropping and continuous cropping are avoided, and the capabilities of resisting stubbles, resisting diseases and the like of the soil in the greenhouse are further improved by treating cucumber seedlings by the anti-stubbles biological agent.
2. According to the invention, through carrying out water and fertilizer drop application and spraying treatment on the cucumber seedlings, the root nutrition condition of the cucumber seedlings is effectively improved, the root nutrition of the cucumber seedlings is more uniform, the growth vigor of the cucumber seedlings is better, and the harvest of crops can be increased.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing an ultraviolet irradiation lamp in a room temperature, covering the whole planting soil area with the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, sealing the whole greenhouse area with a light-tight curtain, starting the ultraviolet irradiation lamp outside the greenhouse to perform irradiation sterilization and disinfection on the greenhouse soil, wherein when the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is used for irradiation, the irradiation frequency is 3-5 times, the irradiation time is 30-60min each time, and the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is turned off after each irradiation to turn over the soil;
s2, paving a layer of earthworm soil on the surface of the greenhouse soil, wherein the thickness of the paved earthworm soil is 3-5cm, and then uniformly mixing the earthworm soil and the surface soil;
s3, selecting cucumber seedlings with good growth vigor, dipping roots of all the cucumber seedlings with an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, transplanting and planting the cucumber seedlings in greenhouse soil, keeping the temperature in an arched shed to be 25-30 ℃ after transplanting the cucumber seedlings, and keeping the outside low temperature at night to be 5 ℃, wherein in the transplanting process of the cucumber seedlings, a piece of standby soil is arranged in the greenhouse, the cucumber seedlings are planted in the standby soil, and the cucumber seedlings in the soil are used for replacing the cucumber seedlings with poor growth vigor, so that the cucumber seedlings are ensured to be in the same growth condition, and the differentiation of the later-stage cucumber seedlings is avoided;
s4, frequently cleaning a shed film and uncovering a night cover, arranging a silver-colored aluminized poly film on an arched shed to serve as a reflective screen, and enhancing by using an artificial light source (such as a plant fluorescent lamp, an incandescent fluorescent lamp, an infrared lamp and the like) when the sun or cold flows occur, so as to prolong the illumination time;
s5, observing the growth conditions of all cucumber seedlings in the greenhouse after transplanting for 3-5 days, removing unqualified cucumber seedlings, and supplementing new cucumber seedlings;
s6, after transplanting, recovering seedlings for 15-20 days, and performing root irrigation treatment on the cucumber seedlings by using an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, wherein the root irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 30-50ml, and meanwhile, the water and fertilizer drip irrigation is matched, and the drip irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 10-20 ml;
s7, after 30 days of transplanting, spraying the mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron once every 5 days, wherein 50Kg of mixed nitrogen, potassium and boron solution is sprayed every mu of land, the solution is prepared by adding 50g of urea, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 100g of borax into 50Kg of water, the weight of downy mildew and the sugar-nitrogen ratio in the cucumber body have a great relationship, and during the growth period of the cucumber, 1% of mixed solution of white sugar and 1% of urea is sprayed, so that the disease prevention effect can reach more than 80%, and the disease prevention effect can be generally sprayed for 5-8 times.
According to the invention, the soil at room temperature can be sterilized and disinfected by the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, meanwhile, the earthworm soil is introduced, the microbial environment of the soil is reconstructed, the microbial activity of the soil is improved, physiological diseases caused by continuous cropping and continuous cropping are avoided, and the capabilities of resisting stubbles, resisting diseases and the like of the soil in the greenhouse are further improved by treating cucumber seedlings by the anti-stubbles biological agent; through carrying out water and fertilizer drop application and spraying treatment on the cucumber seedlings, the root nutrition condition of the cucumber seedlings is effectively improved, the root nutrition of the cucumber seedlings is more uniform, the cucumber seedlings grow better, and the harvest of crops can be increased.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing an ultraviolet irradiation lamp at room temperature, covering the whole planting soil area with the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation lamp, sealing the whole greenhouse area with a light-tight curtain, and starting the ultraviolet irradiation lamp outside the greenhouse to irradiate, sterilize and disinfect the greenhouse soil;
s2, paving a layer of earthworm soil on the surface of the greenhouse soil, and then uniformly mixing the earthworm soil and the surface soil;
s3, selecting cucumber seedlings with good growth vigor, dipping roots of all the cucumber seedlings by using an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, transplanting and planting the cucumber seedlings in greenhouse soil, keeping the temperature in an arched shed after transplanting the cucumber seedlings at 25-30 ℃, and keeping the external low temperature at night at 5 ℃;
s4, frequently cleaning a shed film and uncovering a night cover, arranging a silver-colored aluminized poly film as a reflective screen on the arched shed, and enhancing by using an artificial light source to prolong the illumination time when the arched shed is in continuous cloudy days or in cold weather;
s5, observing the growth conditions of all cucumber seedlings in the greenhouse after transplanting for 3-5 days, removing unqualified cucumber seedlings, and supplementing new cucumber seedlings;
s6, after transplanting, recovering seedlings for 15-20 days, and performing root irrigation treatment on the cucumber seedlings by using an anti-stubble-cleaning biological agent, wherein the root irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 30-50ml, and meanwhile, the water and fertilizer drip irrigation is matched, and the drip irrigation amount of each cucumber seedling is 10-20 ml;
s7, after 30 days of transplanting, spraying the mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron once every 5 days, wherein 50Kg of mixed solution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron is sprayed to each mu of land, the solution is prepared by adding 50g of urea, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 100g of borax to each 50Kg of water, and in addition, 1% of mixed solution of white sugar and 1% of urea is sprayed to the plants 5-8 times during the growth period of the cucumbers.
2. The planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the planting management method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, when the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is used for irradiation, the irradiation frequency is 3-5 times, the irradiation time is 30-60min each time, and the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is turned off after each irradiation to turn over the soil.
3. The planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the planting management method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the earthworm soil laid in the step 2 is 3-5 cm.
4. The planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the planting management method comprises the following steps: and 3, in the transplanting process of the cucumber seedlings, arranging a piece of spare soil in the greenhouse, planting the cucumber seedlings in the spare soil, wherein the cucumber seedlings in the spare soil are used for replacing the cucumber seedlings with poor growth vigor.
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