CN114009251A - Passion fruit planting method - Google Patents
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- CN114009251A CN114009251A CN202111298691.4A CN202111298691A CN114009251A CN 114009251 A CN114009251 A CN 114009251A CN 202111298691 A CN202111298691 A CN 202111298691A CN 114009251 A CN114009251 A CN 114009251A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
- A01G9/122—Stakes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a passion fruit planting method, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The planting method comprises the following steps: and (3) setting a support pile in the planting field, building a cross-shaped flat-top shed frame at the top end of the support pile, and fixedly planting passion fruit seedlings around the support pile according to 4 directions of the flat-top shed frame. According to the method for supporting 4 passion fruits around the pile, the problems of relatively large labor cost ratio, low water-fertilizer-pesticide utilization planting efficiency and the like can be solved, the air permeability and light transmittance of an orchard are promoted to be high, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, the fruits are smooth and bright in color, the fruit quality is excellent, the yield can be increased to 2000 jin/mu, and the problems that the yield of the passion fruits planted by fruit growers is low and the fruit quality is poor at present are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a passion fruit planting method.
Background
Passion fruit science is named passion fruit, also named passion fruit, passion fruit and Brazil fruit, perennial evergreen liana plants are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and are divided into passion fruit, passion fruit and hybrid seeds of the passion fruit and the passion fruit. The variety of passion fruit used for commercial planting mainly comprises Tainong No. 1, gold fruit and the like, and is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and the like. In recent years, the passion fruit is one of important special fruits in Guizhou province, the planting area reaches 16.8 ten thousand mu by 2020, but the passion fruit belongs to a vine plant, high yield can be obtained only by means of measures such as frame building, climbing, vine guiding, pruning and the like, the cost of garden building and management is high, the passion fruit belongs to labor-intensive industries, and the sustainable healthy development of the passion fruit industry is restricted to a certain extent.
The planting mode of the early-stage passion fruit comprises a herringbone canopy frame, a cross-shaped flat-top canopy frame or a fence ledge, the cross-shaped flat-top canopy frame is mainly adopted, then 3 passion fruits are planted between the piles of the cement piles, and only 110-125 passion fruits can be planted in 1 mu in the planting mode. In addition, the same management steps such as digging, fertilizing and pesticide spraying are repeated once for each plant in the planting mode, and the labor cost is relatively high; the production cost mainly refers to water, fertilizer, pesticide and the like, the planting mode ensures that cost investment is required to be carried out on each plant among different passion fruit plants, the utilization rate is not high, and the yield per mu is only 500 plus one 1000 jin.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to provide a passion fruit planting method, plants are planted around supporting piles, labor cost and fertilization cost can be saved, management is convenient, an orchard is ventilated and transparent at intervals, and the yield and quality of passion fruits are greatly improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a passion fruit planting method comprises the steps of setting up a support pile in a planting field, building a cross-shaped flat-top shed frame at the top end of the support pile, and fixedly planting passion fruit seedlings around the support pile in 4 directions of the flat-top shed frame.
Preferably, the height of the support piles is 2.2-2.5m, the buried soil is 50-60cm, the open field is 1.7-1.9m, and the row spacing of the support piles is 3.5-5m multiplied by 3.5-5 m.
Preferably, 15-20cm of ridge is formed around the support piles to form tree disk cofferdam.
Preferably, the passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted 10-15cm away from the supporting piles.
Preferably, 1 passion fruit seedling is planted in 4 directions around the supporting pile, and 110-200 seedlings are planted in each acre.
More preferably, after the field planting is finished, inserting a traction rod or pulling a traction rope near the passion fruit seedlings, and pulling the passion fruit seedlings to grow to the flat-topped shed frames.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of pruning the seedling stage of the passion fruit: and only keeping the main vine to grow before the passion fruit seedlings grow to the flat-topped shed frame, and wiping off the buds and buds extracted from the main vine.
Preferably, after the passion fruit seedlings grow to the flat-topped shed frames, the main vines of the passion fruit are pulled to grow along the 4 directions of the flat-topped shed frames.
More preferably, the passion fruit on the shelf is subjected to plastic pruning: the main vines of the passion fruit are subjected to pinching when growing to 1.5-2m on a flat-top shed frame, 15-20 grade-1 vines are left for 1 main vine to grow in a drooping mode, and 6-9 vines of each grade-1 vine are subjected to pinching.
More preferably, the main vine retains 8-10 fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a passion fruit planting method, aiming at labor cost and production cost, the method for planting 4 passion fruits around a support pile can solve the problems of relatively high labor cost ratio, low water, fertilizer and pesticide utilization efficiency and the like, promotes strong ventilation and light transmission capability of an orchard, reduces plant diseases and insect pests, has smooth fruits, bright color and excellent fruit quality, can increase the yield to 3000 jin/mu, and solves the problems of low yield and poor fruit quality of the passion fruits planted by fruit growers at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention is a schematic diagram of passion fruit planting;
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a passion fruit planting real-time patting picture.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a passion fruit planting method, wherein a support pile is arranged in a planting field, a cross-shaped flat-top shed frame is built at the top end of the support pile, and passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted around the support pile in 4 directions of the flat-top shed frame.
The variety of the passion fruit is not specially limited, and the passion fruit can be a common variety in the market. As an implementation mode, the planted variety of the invention is purple fruit passion fruit purple incense No. 1 and Tainong No. 1.
The planting land is preferably flat land or gentle slope, the transportation is convenient, the soil texture must be loose and breathable, the soil layer reaches a certain thickness, the organic matter content is high, the soil is thick, and the irrigation and drainage are good; the gradient of the further sloping field is below 25 degrees; further preferably the depth of the soil layer is 50-70cm, more preferably 60 cm. Avoiding using paddy fields.
According to the method, the planting field is preferably disinfected before the passion fruit is planted; further preferably, the soil layer is turned and solarized before planting to kill bacteria and insects, and quicklime is used for uniformly mixing the soil by 80-100 jin/mu, and the quicklime is more preferably used for uniformly mixing the soil by 90 jin/mu. The tedding is carried out in sunny days.
The height of the support pile is preferably 2.2-2.5m, and the further preference is 2.35 m; preferably 50-60cm of buried soil, 1.7-1.9m of open field, further preferably 55cm of buried soil and 1.8m of open field; preferably, the row spacing of the support piles is 3.5-5m multiplied by 3.5-5m, and further preferably, the row spacing of the support piles is 4m multiplied by 4 m; more preferably 3.5-4m × 3.5-4m when the planting land is flat, 4-5m × 4-5m when the planting land is sloping, or 4-5m × 4-5m when the planting land is flat, so as to be beneficial to mechanized management. The source and the material of the support pile are not specially limited, and the support pile can be a cement pile, a wood pile, a self-built pile and the like.
After the supporting piles are set up, a cross-shaped flat-top shed frame is built at the top ends of the supporting piles. The invention has no special limitation on the source, material and fixing form of the flat-top shed frame, and the support rods or support ropes of the flat-top shed frame can be iron wires, steel wires, stainless steel rods, bamboo rods, nylon ropes and the like, and are fixed at the top ends of the support piles in a punching or binding mode.
The invention preferably applies base fertilizer to the planting field before planting the passion fruit. Further preferably, 8-20kg of farmyard manure or organic fertilizer and 0.4-0.6kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are put into the position 40-60cm around the periphery of the support pile to uniformly mix the soil; more preferably, 10-15kg of farmyard manure or organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are put into the position 50cm around the supporting pile and are uniformly mixed with the soil. Further preferably, the application depth of the base fertilizer is 30-50cm, and the width is 40-60 cm; more preferably, the base fertilizer is applied to a depth of 40cm and a width of 50 cm.
According to the establishment of the supporting piles and the orientation of the cross-shaped flat-top shed frame, the passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted, namely the passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted around the supporting piles in 4 directions of the flat-top cross-shaped shed frame. According to the method, the passion fruit seedlings are preferably planted 10-15cm away from the supporting piles, and further preferably 13cm away from the supporting piles; preferably, 1 passion fruit seedling is planted in 4 directions around the supporting pile, and 110-200 seedlings are planted in each acre. The invention preferably selects the seedling field planting with the plant height of more than 30cm, the stem thickness of 0.3-0.4cm and the leaves of glossy dark green. As an implementation mode, the passion fruit cup seedlings are selected for field planting, and the field planting depth is only the depth from soil coverage to the cup mouths of the cup seedlings.
After the optimal planting is finished, a traction rod is inserted or a traction rope is pulled near the passion fruit seedlings, and the passion fruit seedlings are pulled to grow to a flat-top shed frame. Further preferably, the traction rod or rope is 1-3cm away from the seedling and extends from the ground to the flat-topped shed frame for the passion fruit to climb.
According to the method, after the field planting of the passion fruit is finished, ridges are formed along the extension of the passion fruit to serve as tree disk cofferdams, and sufficient root fixing water is poured; further preferably, the ridge forming height is 15 to 20 cm. As an implementation mode, when drought weather occurs after planting, covering straws for moisture preservation till seedlings survive.
According to the invention, whether new roots of the field planting seedlings grow or not is checked preferably after 7-10 days of field planting, and the seedlings are supplemented in time when the field planting does not survive. As an implementable mode, after the seedlings survive, root fertilization is carried out by adopting a balanced compound fertilizer according to a thin fertilizer application principle, and foliage insecticidal and sterilization are combined with foliage fertilizer topdressing.
The invention also comprises the following steps of pruning the seedling stage of the passion fruit: and only keeping the main vine to grow before the passion fruit seedlings grow to the flat-topped shed frame, and wiping off the buds and buds extracted from the main vine. The invention only keeps the main vine on the shelf, the growth speed is high, the growth direction of the main vine on the shelf is changed from vertical growth to horizontal growth, and the lateral bud germination and the flower bud germination can be promoted after the horizontal growth. The invention preferably applies the balanced compound fertilizer before the compound fertilizer is put on shelves.
According to the invention, after the passion fruit seedlings grow to the flat-topped shed frame, the main vines of the passion fruit are pulled to grow along 4 directions of the flat-topped shed frame. Pulling the passion fruit to grow along 4 directions after the passion fruit is put on the shelf, facilitating management, ventilating and transmitting at intervals in an orchard, and facilitating the growth of the passion fruit. After the passion fruit is preferably put on the shelf, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to the roots of the passion fruit, and the high-potassium compound fertilizer K is further preferably selected2The content of O is more than or equal to 35 percent, and the foliage dressing flower and fruit protecting fertilizer is applied.
The invention also comprises the following steps of trimming the passion fruit on the shelf: the main vines of the passion fruit are subjected to pinching when growing to 1.5-2m on a flat-top shed frame, 15-20 grade-1 vines are left for 1 main vine to grow in a drooping mode, and 6-9 vines of each grade-1 vine are subjected to pinching. Preferably, pinching is carried out when the vine grows to 1.5m, 15 main vines of 1 grade are left for the vine to grow in a drooping mode, and pinching is carried out on 6-8 vines of each grade 1. Passion fruit is a vine plant, the growth of the passion fruit is unlimited, the row spacing of support piles is 3.5-5m, when the main vine of the passion fruit grows to 1.5-2m, pinching is carried out, a blank row of 0.5-1m is reserved, manual field management is facilitated, and the growth of 1-level vines can be promoted. The space between the segments of the passion fruit is preferably controlled to be 10-12cm, so that 15-20 main vines are left in 1 vine and grade 1 vines grow pendulously. For pruning of 1-grade vines, supporting piles are exposed to the ground for 1.7-1.9m, the 1-grade vines are too close to the ground, fruit coloring is affected by illumination, weeds and the like are prone to fruit diseases, the vines cannot grow all the time in order to guarantee fruit yield and quality, the fruits are too many, if plant nutrients cannot follow up, the fruits are too small, and therefore 6-9 vines per 1-grade are selected to be pinched.
The main tendrils of the invention preferably retain 8-10 fruits, and more preferably retain 9 fruits. After the fruit is put on the shelf, the growth direction of the main vine is changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the generation of buds is promoted, the growth of lateral buds is promoted, the nutrients are sufficient, 8-10 buds are reserved at the moment, and the fruit is picked as the earliest batch after fructification.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A passion fruit planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: tainong No. 1;
(2) selecting land: the soil is flat, the traffic is convenient, the soil texture is loose and breathable, the soil layer reaches 60cm, the organic matter content is high, the soil is fat, and the irrigation and drainage conditions are good;
(3) and (3) reclamation: before planting, selecting sunny weather to teddy soil layers to kill bacteria and insects, applying 90 jin/mu of quicklime and uniformly mixing the soil;
(4) building a frame: selecting cement piles with the height of 2.35m as supporting piles, burying 55cm of soil, exposing 1.8m of land, and supporting pile row spacing of 4m multiplied by 4 m; at the top end of the support pile, a support rope is set up by punching to form a cross-shaped flat-topped shed frame, and the support rope is made of iron wires;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: 10kg of farmyard manure or organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are put into the soil which is evenly stirred at the position of 50cm around the supporting pile, the depth of the applied base fertilizer is 40cm, and the width is 50 cm;
(6) planting: 1 passion fruit seedling is fixedly planted in each direction of the support rod which is set up by the support pile at a distance of 13cm, 166 passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted in each field, a traction rod is inserted into the position 2cm away from the edge of each seedling after field planting, a ridge is formed around the support pile for 18cm, a tree disc cofferdam is made, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
(7) seedling stage management: after the root fixing water is thoroughly poured, the survival rate is checked for 7 days, after the root fixing water survives, root fertilization is carried out by adopting a balanced compound fertilizer according to a thin fertilizer application principle, and foliage insecticidal and sterilization are combined with foliage fertilizer topdressing;
(8) pruning and shaping in seedling stage: only the main vines are kept to grow before the plants are put on shelves, and buds extracted from the main vines are removed;
(9) cultivation management after shelving: after putting on shelf, is covered with K2The high-potassium fertilizer with the O content more than or equal to 35 percent is used for topdressing at the root, and the foliar fertilizer adopts flower and fruit retention fertilizer;
(10) trimming after putting on the shelf: and (3) directly putting main vines on a frame for trimming, winding the main vines around stainless steel rods built around the cement piles one by one, pinching the main vines when the main vines grow to the length of 1.5m on iron wires, leaving 15 main vines at 1, allowing 1-grade vines to droop, pinching 8 vines at each grade 1, and reserving 9 fruits on flowers on the main vines.
Through yield measurement, more than 55.93 passion fruit plants can be obtained per plant, the maximum weight of a single fruit is 98.06 g, the minimum weight is 56.84 g, the average weight of 6.4 fruits is 1 jin, 166 plants per mu have the yield of 1420.86 kg, 15 yuan/kg and 21312.90 yuan per mu.
Example 2
A passion fruit planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: zixiang No. 1;
(2) selecting land: the soil is flat, the traffic is convenient, the soil texture is loose and breathable, the soil layer reaches 50cm, the organic matter content is high, the soil is fat, and the irrigation and drainage conditions are good;
(3) and (3) reclamation: before planting, selecting sunny weather to teddy soil layers to kill bacteria and insects, applying 80 jin/mu of quicklime and uniformly stirring the soil;
(4) building a frame: selecting timber piles with the height of 2.2m as supporting piles, burying soil for 50cm, exposing the ground for 1.7m, and supporting pile plant row spacing of 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m; at the top end of the support pile, a support rope is bound and built to form a cross-shaped flat-topped shed frame, and the support rope is made of nylon ropes;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: 20kg of farmyard manure or organic fertilizer and 0.6kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are put into the position 40cm around the supporting pile, and the soil is uniformly stirred, wherein the depth of the applied base fertilizer is 30cm, and the width of the applied base fertilizer is 40 cm;
(6) planting: 1 passion fruit seedling is fixedly planted in each direction of the supporting rope which is built by the supporting pile at a distance of 10cm, 200 passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted in each mu, a traction rope is pulled at the position of 1cm of the edge of each seedling after field planting, a tree disc cofferdam is made around the supporting pile for ridging for 15cm, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
(7) seedling stage management: after the root fixing water is thoroughly poured, the survival rate is checked for 7 days, after the root fixing water survives, root fertilization is carried out by adopting a balanced compound fertilizer according to a thin fertilizer application principle, and foliage insecticidal and sterilization are combined with foliage fertilizer topdressing;
(8) pruning and shaping in seedling stage: only the main vines are kept to grow before the plants are put on shelves, and buds extracted from the main vines are removed;
(9) cultivation management after shelving: after putting on shelf, is covered with K2The high-potassium fertilizer with the O content more than or equal to 35 percent is used for topdressing at the root, and the foliar fertilizer adopts flower and fruit retention fertilizer;
(10) trimming after putting on the shelf: and (3) directly putting main vines on a frame, winding one nylon rope around the periphery of the cement pile, pinching the main vines when the main vines grow to the length of 1.5m on the nylon ropes, leaving 15 main vines at 1 level, allowing the main vines to droop, pinching 7 vines at each level 1, and reserving 8 fruits on flowers on the main vines.
Example 3
A passion fruit planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: tainong No. 1;
(2) selecting land: the slope land with the slope of below 25 degrees has convenient traffic, loose soil texture, ventilation, soil layer of up to 70cm, high organic matter content, thick soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions;
(3) and (3) reclamation: before planting, selecting sunny weather to teddy soil layers to kill bacteria and insects, applying 100 jin/mu of quicklime and uniformly mixing the soil;
(4) building a frame: selecting cement piles with the height of 2.5m as supporting piles, burying soil for 60cm, exposing the ground for 1.9m, and supporting pile row spacing of 5m multiplied by 5 m; at the top end of the supporting pile, supporting rods are bound and built to form a cross-shaped flat-topped shed frame, and the supporting rods are bamboo poles;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: 8kg of farmyard manure or organic fertilizer and 0.4kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are put into the position of 60cm around the support pile, and the soil is uniformly stirred, wherein the depth of the applied base fertilizer is 50cm, and the width of the applied base fertilizer is 60 cm;
(6) planting: 1 passion fruit seedling is fixedly planted in each direction of a support rod built by the support pile at a distance of 15cm from the support pile, 110 passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted in each field, a traction rod is inserted into the position 3cm away from the edge of each seedling after field planting, a tree disc cofferdam is made around the support pile for ridging for 20cm, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
(7) seedling stage management: after the root fixing water is thoroughly poured, the survival rate is checked for 10 days, after the root fixing water survives, root fertilization is carried out by adopting a balanced compound fertilizer according to a thin fertilizer application principle, and foliage killing and sterilization are combined with foliage fertilizer topdressing;
(8) pruning and shaping in seedling stage: only the main vines are kept to grow before the plants are put on shelves, and buds extracted from the main vines are removed;
(9) cultivation management after shelving: after putting on shelf, is covered with K2The high-potassium fertilizer with the O content more than or equal to 35 percent is used for topdressing at the root, and the foliar fertilizer adopts flower and fruit retention fertilizer;
(10) trimming after putting on the shelf: and (3) directly putting a main vine on a frame, winding the main vine around each bamboo pole built around the cement piles, pinching the main vine when the main vine grows to the length of 2 meters on the bamboo poles, leaving 20 main vines at 1, allowing 1-level vines to droop, pinching 9 vines at each level 1, and leaving 10 fruits on flowers on the main vine.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A passion fruit planting method is characterized in that a supporting pile is arranged in a planting field, a cross-shaped flat-top shed frame is built at the top end of the supporting pile, and passion fruit seedlings are fixedly planted around the supporting pile in 4 directions of the flat-top shed frame.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the height of the support piles is 2.2-2.5m, the buried soil is 50-60cm, the open field is 1.7-1.9m, and the row spacing of the support piles is 3.5-5m x 3.5-5 m.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by ridging 15-20cm around the support piles as a tree cofferdam.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the passion fruit seedlings are planted 10-15cm away from the support piles.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1 passion fruit seedling is planted in 4 directions around the support pile, and 110-200 seedlings are planted per mu.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein after the planting is completed, a traction rod is inserted or a traction rope is pulled near the passion fruit seedlings, and the passion fruit seedlings are pulled to grow on a flat-topped shed frame.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising pruning the passion fruit at the seedling stage: and only keeping the main vine to grow before the passion fruit seedlings grow to the flat-topped shed frame, and wiping off the buds and buds extracted from the main vine.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein after the seedlings of the passion fruit are grown to the flat-topped shed frame, the main vine of the passion fruit is pulled to grow in 4 directions along the flat-topped shed frame.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the shelved passion fruit is subjected to a truing trim: the main vines of the passion fruit are subjected to pinching when growing to 1.5-2m on a flat-top shed frame, 15-20 grade-1 vines are left for 1 main vine to grow in a drooping mode, and 6-9 vines of each grade-1 vine are subjected to pinching.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the main vine retains 8-10 fruits.
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