CN113994820A - Cuttage breeding method for improving cold resistance of dragon fruits - Google Patents
Cuttage breeding method for improving cold resistance of dragon fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN113994820A CN113994820A CN202111277063.8A CN202111277063A CN113994820A CN 113994820 A CN113994820 A CN 113994820A CN 202111277063 A CN202111277063 A CN 202111277063A CN 113994820 A CN113994820 A CN 113994820A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of pitaya, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting robust branches, cutting the robust branches, and performing cuttage to obtain the rooting seedlings of the dragon fruits; s2: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 2-5 days; s3: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5-9 ℃, and spraying a nutrient solution; after culturing for 3-4 months, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature to-5 ℃, and spraying a nutrient solution; continuously culturing for 3-4 months, and removing dead seedlings; s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to the natural environment for continuous growth, harvesting after the seeds are mature, continuously sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation. The method can solve the problem of poor cold resistance of the dragon fruits and improve the survival rate and the yield of the low-temperature treatment of the dragon fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a cutting breeding method for improving cold resistance of dragon fruits.
Background
Pitaya (Latin name: Hylocereusundulantus Britt), Cactaceae, Medusa plant, also known as HONGLONGGUO, LONGZHUGUO, XIANMIAGUO, and YULONGGUO. Is a succulent plant with climbing ability for many years. The plant has no main root, the lateral roots are distributed in the superficial soil layer in large quantity, and simultaneously, a plurality of aerial roots are generated, so that the plant can grow in a climbing manner. The rootstock is dark green and thick, the length can reach 7 meters, the thickness is 10-12 cm, and the rootstock has 3 edges. The edges are flat, the edges are wavy, climbing roots grow at the stem nodes and can climb on other plants to grow, the number of the ribs is 3, and the sunken part of each segment of the stem node is provided with small thorns. Due to long-term growth in tropical desert regions, the leaves have degenerated and the photosynthesis function is taken over by the stems. The inside of the stem is a large number of parenchyma cells saturated with viscous liquid, which is beneficial to absorbing as much water as possible in rainy season. The dragon fruits are tropical fruits and subtropical fruits, are pleased with light, shade, heat, drought and fertilizer and barren, and have the optimum growth temperature of 25-35 ℃; the plant can grow rapidly in warm and humid environment with sufficient light, the stem can grow when being attached to the rock, the plant has extremely strong wind resistance, and the support can resist typhoon as long as the support is firm.
The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in a natural state, the fruit is ripe in summer and autumn, and is sweet and juicy. Modern scientific research results show that the dragon fruit has a good health-care function, has the effects of losing weight, removing edema, resisting free radicals, expelling toxin, detoxifying, whitening and the like, is favored by people in recent years, and is not in demand in the market.
At present, the pitaya has better drought resistance, but the cold resistance is poorer, so that the planting of the pitaya is greatly limited by regions. And even in subtropical regions with abundant heat, the dragon fruits can be affected by cold tides to cause frost damage to the dragon fruits in large areas, so that the yield is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of pitaya, and the cuttage breeding method is used for solving the problem of poor cold resistance of the pitaya in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged, shearing, and performing cuttage to obtain the rooting seedlings of the dragon fruits;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 2-5 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5-9 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month; after 3-4 months of culture, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to-5 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month; continuously culturing for 3-4 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; continuously sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-5% of calcium chloride, 2-4% of surfactant, 0.2-0.4% of sodium bisulfite, 1-0.5% of abscisic acid, 3-5% of proline, 5-10% of N-acetylglucosamine, 0.1-1% of betaine, 0.1-0.5% of selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, 0.01-0.05% of soluble rare earth salt and the balance of water.
Further, in step S1, the cutting time is 9 middle and last days of month.
Further, in step S1, the branches are covered with a black plastic bag before being cut off, and yellowing treatment is performed for 18-22 days.
Further, in step S1, the processing method after the branch is cut off includes: cutting off the base of the selected branch, and cutting off the mesophyll tissue of 3-5 cm from the base to expose a colorful fiber tube.
Further, in the step S2, the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 5-10 kg per square meter.
Further, in the step S3, the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 6-8 kg per square meter.
Further, the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer is a positive selenium organic water-soluble fertilizer; the selenium-rich organic water-soluble fertilizer is produced by spraying treasure Co., Ltd, North sea, Guangxi.
Further, the soluble rare earth salt is one or a mixture of more of rubidium chloride, lanthanum chloride and ceric ammonium nitrate.
Further, the surfactant is one or a mixture of tributyl phosphate, diethyl suberate and diethyl sebacate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the cutting breeding method of the dragon fruits, the cold resistance exercise is carried out on the dragon fruits in two temperature ranges of 5-9 ℃ and-5 ℃, and the seedlings are rooted before the cold resistance exercise, so that a large amount of seedlings cannot die in the exercise process. And due to the reasonable spraying of the nutrient solution, the method can further protect the nursery stock, improve the survival rate of low-temperature treatment and improve the acre yield of the bred and transplanted dragon fruits to a certain extent.
(2) In the nutrient solution, calcium chloride contains rich calcium element, so that the damage and leakage of a membrane structure caused by low temperature can be slowed down, the function of an antioxidant system is improved, and the integrity of the membrane structure at low temperature is maintained, so that the damage degree at low temperature is reduced; the sodium bisulfite can increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic intensity of the leaves, simultaneously reduce the respiratory intensity, inhibit the reversion of photosynthetic products and increase the accumulation of net photosynthetic products, thereby improving the absolute accumulation of dry matters in unit leaf area per unit time. Abscisic acid, a growth-inhibiting plant hormone, can bring the shoots into dormancy, promote plants to produce new stress proteins, induce the re-synthesis of enzymes and increase the cold resistance of plants. Proline is one of components of plant protein, and plays an important role in stabilizing biological macromolecular structure, reducing cell acidity, relieving ammonia toxicity, regulating cell redox as an energy bank and the like besides serving as an osmotic adjusting substance in plant cytoplasm; proline has strong hydrophilicity, can stabilize the metabolic process in protoplasm colloid and tissues, can reduce the freezing point, and has the effect of preventing cell dehydration; under the condition of low temperature, proline in plant tissue is increased, and the cold resistance of the plant can be improved. The N-acetylglucosamine can protect the nursery stock, recover the accumulation of chlorophyll in the growth process of the nursery stock after low-temperature stress and promote the normal growth of the nursery stock in a low-temperature environment; can regulate the organism osmotic potential of the nursery stock, promote the accumulation of osmotic adjusting substances and the conversion and utilization of nitrate nitrogen; the malonaldehyde content in the seedling with cold damage can be effectively reduced; improving the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase antioxidase, and protecting the seedling antioxidant system; in addition, the gene expression in the metabolic pathway of abscisic acid of the nursery stock with cold damage can be remarkably promoted, the accumulation of endogenous abscisic acid in the nursery stock is further promoted, and the nursery stock is protected against the cold damage through the metabolic pathway of abscisic acid. The betaine is used as an important osmotic adjusting substance in cells, and can effectively maintain osmotic balance, so that the structure and the function of the protein and the biological membrane at low temperature are maintained; can induce the expression of cold-resistant related genes, can improve the proline content and the protein content of the nursery stock under low temperature stress and the activity of antioxidant enzyme, reduce the accumulation and the relative conductivity of malondialdehyde, and improve the cold resistance. The selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer contains selenium, so that the content of chlorophyll and proline in a plant body can be increased, the content of malondialdehyde can be reduced, the active oxygen level can be adjusted, and the harm of low temperature to the plant can be reduced; selenium can improve the activity of the protective enzyme, regulate the oxidative stress reaction in plant chloroplasts and reduce low-temperature damage; selenium is accumulated in the plant body, so that the growth and development of the plant can be stimulated, the plant cannot stop growing and development under the influence of cold environment, and the yield and the quality are improved. The rare earth elements in the soluble rare earth salt can reduce the opening degree of air holes, reduce water transpiration, keep more water in plants and soil, promote root development, improve root activity and enable crops to absorb more water and nutrients; the activity of various enzymes and the chlorophyll content of the plant can be improved, so that the metabolism of the plant is vigorous, the photosynthesis is enhanced, and the sugar and dry matters are increased, thereby improving the cold resistance, disease resistance and stress resistance, and improving the product quality and yield; and the absorption and running capability of the root system to the selenium element can be promoted.
(3) According to the invention, exogenous abscisic acid and proline are used for absorption of the pitaya, so that the pitaya has certain cold resistance at the initial stage of low-temperature treatment; and by adding N-acetylglucosamine, betaine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, the self-production and accumulation of abscisic acid, proline, soluble sugar and other substances of the pitaya can be stimulated, so that the pitaya has cold resistance. The cutting breeding method of the dragon fruit can improve the cold resistance of the dragon fruit, the survival rate of the dragon fruit after low-temperature treatment is high, the bred dragon fruit can tolerate the low temperature of 0-5 ℃, the influence of extreme weather in the south can be resisted, and the yield is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, deep in color and fully aged in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags, performing yellowing treatment for 18 days, then cutting the branches, cutting and breeding the bases of the branches, cutting off mesophyll tissues of 3cm of the bases, exposing multi-color fiber tubes, and performing cuttage to obtain the pitaya rooting seedlings;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 2 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 9 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month, wherein the spraying amount is 5kg per square meter; after 3 months of culture, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 5 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 6kg per square meter; continuously culturing for 3 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; continuously sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1% of calcium chloride, 2% of tributyl phosphate, 0.4% of sodium bisulfite, 0.5% of abscisic acid, 4% of proline, 5% of N-acetylglucosamine, 0.1% of betaine, 0.1% of normal selenium organic water-soluble fertilizer, 0.02% of rubidium chloride and the balance of water.
Example 2
A cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, deep in color and fully aged in the last ten days of 9 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags, performing yellowing treatment for 20 days, then cutting the branches, cutting and breeding the bases of the branches, cutting off mesophyll tissues with the bases of 4cm, exposing multi-color fiber tubes, and performing cuttage to obtain the pitaya rooting seedlings;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 3 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 6 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month, wherein the spraying amount is 6kg per square meter; after culturing for 4 months, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 2 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 7kg per square meter; continuously culturing for 4 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3% of calcium chloride, 1% of diethyl suberate, 2% of diethyl sebacate, 0.3% of sodium bisulfite, 0.8% of abscisic acid, 3% of proline, 7% of N-acetylglucosamine, 0.5% of betaine, 0.3% of regular selenium organic water-soluble fertilizer, 0.02% of lanthanum chloride, 0.02% of rubidium chloride and the balance of water.
Example 3
A cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, deep in color and fully aged in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags, performing yellowing treatment for 19 days, then cutting the branches, cutting and breeding the bases of the branches, cutting off mesophyll tissues with the bases of 4cm, exposing multi-color fiber tubes, and performing cuttage to obtain the pitaya rooting seedlings;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 4 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 8 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month, wherein the spraying amount is 8kg per square meter; after 3 months of culture, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to-5 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 8kg per square meter; continuously culturing for 3 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; continuously sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2% of calcium chloride, 4% of diethyl sebacate, 0.3% of sodium bisulfite, 1% of abscisic acid, 5% of proline, 6% of N-acetylglucosamine, 1% of betaine, 0.5% of selenium-rich organic water-soluble fertilizer, 0.01% of ammonium cerium nitrate and the balance of water.
Example 4
A cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, deep in color and fully aged in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags, performing yellowing treatment for 22 days, then cutting the branches, cutting and breeding the bases of the branches, cutting off mesophyll tissues of 5cm of the bases, exposing multi-color fiber tubes, and performing cuttage to obtain the pitaya rooting seedlings;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 5 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month, wherein the spraying amount is 10kg per square meter; after culturing for 4 months, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 0 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 6kg per square meter; continuously culturing for 4 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; continuously sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of calcium chloride, 3% of diethyl suberate, 0.2% of sodium bisulfite, 0.6% of abscisic acid, 4% of proline, 10% of N-acetylglucosamine, 0.6% of betaine, 0.2% of selenium-rich organic water-soluble fertilizer, 0.02% of lanthanum chloride, 0.03% of ammonium ceric nitrate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 1
The cutting breeding method is basically the same as the cutting breeding method in the embodiment 2, except that the nutrient solution does not contain N-acetylglucosamine, betaine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, and the water content is adjusted to ensure that the percentage content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 2
The cutting breeding method is basically the same as the cutting breeding method in the embodiment 2, except that the nutrient solution does not contain betaine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, and the water content is adjusted to ensure that the percentage content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 3
The cutting breeding method is basically the same as the cutting breeding method in the embodiment 2, except that the nutrient solution does not contain N-acetylglucosamine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, and the water content is adjusted to ensure that the percentage content of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 4
The cutting breeding method is basically the same as the cutting breeding method in the embodiment 2, except that the nutrient solution does not contain N-acetylglucosamine and betaine, and the water content is adjusted to ensure that the percentage content of other components is not changed.
Comparative experiment
The cuttage breeding method of the embodiment 1-4 is respectively adopted as an experimental group, the cuttage breeding method of the comparative example 1-4 is respectively adopted as a control group, each experimental group and each control group are cultured in a separate plastic greenhouse, and the area of each greenhouse is 1 mu. And (4) counting the survival rate of the low-temperature treatment of the dragon fruits in each greenhouse and the acre yield of the bred dragon fruits after planting, and measuring the water-soluble total sugar content. The results are shown in the following table.
| Experimental groups | Survival rate/% | Yield per mu/kg/mu | Water soluble total sugar/%) |
| Example 1 | 96.7 | 9000 | 12.24 |
| Example 2 | 97.2 | 9004 | 12.38 |
| Example 3 | 97.1 | 9002 | 12.29 |
| Example 4 | 97.0 | 9001 | 12.33 |
| Comparative example 1 | 85.0 | 8090 | 11.43 |
| Comparative example 2 | 89.1 | 8360 | 11.75 |
| Comparative example 3 | 88.4 | 8200 | 11.47 |
| Comparative example 4 | 87.9 | 8424 | 11.49 |
(1) As can be seen from the data of the embodiments 1 to 4, by adopting the cuttage breeding method, the breeding survival rate of the dragon fruits is over 97.0 percent, and the acre yield of the bred dragon fruits after being planted is over 9000 kg/mu, so that the cold resistance of the dragon fruits is improved, the yield is improved, and the method has good economic benefit. According to the data of the comparative examples 1 to 4, when any one of the three components of N-acetylglucosamine, betaine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer is lacked in the nutrient solution, the cold resistance of the dragon fruits is affected, the survival rate of the dragon fruits is reduced to different degrees under the environment of low-temperature treatment, and the acre yield is also affected to a certain extent.
(2) As can be seen from the data of the example 2 and the comparative examples 1-4, compared with the comparative example 1, the survival rate of low-temperature treatment is improved by 12.2% and the acre yield is improved by 914 kg/mu when the example 2 contains N-acetylglucosamine, betaine and selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer;
comparative example 2 only contains N-acetylglucosamine, the survival rate of low-temperature treatment is improved by 4.1%, and the yield per mu is improved by 270 kg/mu; comparative example 3 only contains betaine, the survival rate of low-temperature treatment is improved by 3.4%, and the yield per mu is improved by 110 kg/mu; the comparative example 4 only contains the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, the survival rate of low-temperature treatment is improved by 2.9 percent, and the acre yield is improved by 334 kg/mu; therefore, under the combined action of the N-acetylglucosamine, the betaine and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, the survival rate of the low-temperature treatment is enhanced as follows compared with the survival rate of the low-temperature treatment when the N-acetylglucosamine, the betaine and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer are respectively and independently used: [12.2- (4.1+3.4+2.9) ]/(4.1 +3.4+2.9) × 100 ═ 17.3%; the yield per mu is increased as follows: [914- (270+334+110) ]/(270 +334+110) × 100% — 28.0%. Therefore, the N-acetylglucosamine, the betaine and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer produce a synergistic effect when being mixed, and the survival rate of low-temperature treatment and the acre yield are synergistically improved. This is because:
the expression of cold-resistant related genes is induced by the N-acetylglucosamine and the betaine together, and osmotic balance is maintained together; the N-acetylglucosamine can improve the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase antioxidase, protect a seedling antioxidant system, and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer can protect the activity of enzyme and regulate oxidative stress reaction in plant chloroplasts; the abscisic acid can induce the synthesis of betaine, the N-acetylglucosamine can protect the nursery stock from cold damage through the abscisic acid metabolic pathway, the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer can improve the contents of chlorophyll and proline in plants, and the N-acetylglucosamine and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer can synergistically reduce the content of malondialdehyde; the N-acetylglucosamine and the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer jointly enhance the cold resistance of the pitaya, help the pitaya to accumulate more betaine, and further enhance the cold resistance of the pitaya under the action of the betaine; the N-acetylglucosamine serving as a chitin structural unit containing acetyl groups can promote accumulation and expression of soluble sugar, proline and other substances in the pitaya, and the selenium can stimulate growth and development of plants, promote photosynthesis, and improve nutrient absorption and conversion; the pitaya can absorb exogenous betaine and transport the exogenous betaine to other organs of plants, and the betaine is not easy to decompose under normal conditions and accumulates in the plants to exert a lasting effect, so that the stress resistance of the plants is improved; n-acetylglucosamine and selenium can increase the permeation efficiency and promote transportation and transformation.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (9)
1. A cutting breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cutting treatment: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged, shearing, and performing cuttage to obtain the rooting seedlings of the dragon fruits;
s2: transplanting treatment: transplanting the rooting seedlings of the pitaya into a plastic greenhouse, immediately irrigating rooting water, and spraying a nutrient solution after 2-5 days;
s3: low-temperature treatment: after the nutrient solution is sprayed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5-9 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution once every month; after 3-4 months of culture, removing dead seedlings, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to-5 ℃, and spraying the nutrient solution for 2 times per month; continuously culturing for 3-4 months, and removing dead seedlings;
s4: transplanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a natural environment for continuous growth, and harvesting after the seeds are mature to obtain cold-resistant dragon fruit seeds; sowing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, selfing the cold-resistant dragon fruit, and selecting branches or seeds with excellent and stable characters in the offspring for cultivation;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-5% of calcium chloride, 2-4% of surfactant, 0.2-0.4% of sodium bisulfite, 0.1-0.5% of abscisic acid, 3-5% of proline, 5-10% of N-acetylglucosamine, 0.1-1% of betaine, 0.1-0.5% of selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer, 0.01-0.05% of soluble rare earth salt and the balance of water.
2. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the cutting time is 9 middle and last ten days of the month.
3. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, before the branches are cut off, the branches are covered by a black plastic bag and yellowing treatment is carried out for 18-22 days.
4. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the processing method after the branch is cut off is as follows: cutting off the base of the selected branch, and cutting off the mesophyll tissue of 3-5 cm from the base to expose a colorful fiber tube.
5. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 5-10 kg per square meter.
6. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 6-8 kg per square meter.
7. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer is a positive selenium organic water-soluble fertilizer.
8. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soluble rare earth salt is one or a mixture of more of rubidium chloride, lanthanum chloride and ammonium ceric nitrate.
9. The cuttage breeding method for improving the cold resistance of dragon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surfactant is one or a mixture of tributyl phosphate, diethyl suberate and diethyl sebacate.
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