CN113950390A - 合成磨石 - Google Patents
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- CN113950390A CN113950390A CN202080041842.5A CN202080041842A CN113950390A CN 113950390 A CN113950390 A CN 113950390A CN 202080041842 A CN202080041842 A CN 202080041842A CN 113950390 A CN113950390 A CN 113950390A
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Abstract
在对晶片W进行化学机械磨削的合成磨石(100)中具备:对晶片W具有化学机械磨削作用、且以粒径小于5μm的气相法二氧化硅作为主成分的研磨剂(101);由与晶片W同质或软质的材料形成、且以粒径大于研磨剂(101)的球状硅胶作为主成分的球状填充剂(102);以及以将研磨剂(101)和球状填充剂(102)粘结成一体的纤维素作为主成分的树脂粘结剂(103)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对硅晶片等被磨削物的表面进行磨削加工的合成磨石。
背景技术
在半导体制造领域中,成为半导体元件基板的硅晶片的表面加工通常将单晶硅锭切片而成的晶片经由包装工序、蚀刻工序、抛光工序等数步工序而精加工成镜面。在包装工序中,获得平行度、平坦度等尺寸精度、形状精度。接着,在蚀刻工序中,去除包装工序中形成的加工改性层。进一步,在抛光工序中,通过化学机械抛光(以下称为“CMP”)而形成保持了良好的形状精度且具有镜面级表面粗糙度的晶片。另外,在半导体后工序中去除被称为背磨的磨削加工的损伤时,也可以使用与其等同的抛光工序。
近年来,使用了基于干式的化学机械磨削(以下称为“CMG”)的表面加工来代替抛光工序的方法(例如,参照专利文献1)。在CMG工序中,使用通过硬质树脂等树脂粘结剂将研磨剂(磨粒)固定而成的合成磨石。然后,使晶片及合成磨石一边旋转,一边将合成磨石按压于晶片(例如,参照专利文献2)。晶片表面的凸部通过与合成磨石的摩擦而被加热/氧化,变脆,剥落。由此,仅使晶片的凸部被磨削,变得平坦化。
对于合成磨石的主成分而言,例如,在被磨削物为硅晶片的情况下,可使用氧化铈、二氧化硅这样的氧化物作为研磨剂。另外,作为树脂粘结剂,除了酚醛树脂、环氧树脂这样的热固性树脂以外,还可以使用耐热性高的热塑性树脂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利4573492号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2004-87912号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
上述的合成磨石存在如下问题。即,随着CMG工序的进行,研磨剂会从合成磨石对于被磨削物的抛光作用面上逐渐脱落,抛光作用面变得平滑。因此,在抛光作用面,树脂粘结剂与被磨削物的接触机会增加,其结果是,研磨剂与被磨削材料之间的接触压力降低,加工效率显著降低,另一方面,特别是在为了提高加工速率而进行干式加工时,摩擦热变得过大,存在发生烧损、抛光残渣的卷入所导致的划痕的问题。
因此,本发明是为了解决上述技术问题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种合成磨石,所述合成磨石即使进行加工,也可充分保持研磨剂与被磨削物的接触压力,保持加工效率,而且将树脂粘结剂与被磨削物的接触面积抑制为一定以下,由此能够防止被磨削物面的品质降低及划痕的产生。
解决技术问题的方法
本实施方式的合成磨石对上述被磨削材料具有化学机械磨削作用,具备平均粒径小于5μm的研磨剂、平均粒径大于上述研磨剂的球状填充剂、将上述研磨剂与上述球状填充剂粘结成一体的树脂粘结剂。
发明的效果
即使进行加工,也可充分保持研磨剂与被磨削物的接触压力,保持加工效率,而且将树脂粘结剂与被磨削物的接触面积抑制为一定以下,由此能够防止被磨削物面的品质降低及划痕的产生。
附图说明
图1是示出导入了本发明的一个实施方式的合成磨石的CMG装置的立体图。
图2是示出该合成磨石的立体图。
图3是示出该合成磨石的结构的说明图。
图4是示出用电子显微镜放大该合成磨石的说明图。
符号说明
10…CMG装置、20…旋转工作台机构、21…工作台电动机、22…工作台轴、23…工作台、30…磨石支撑机构、31…座架、32…摆动轴、33…臂、40…磨石驱动机构、41…旋转电动机部、42…旋转轴、43…磨轮保持构件、100…合成磨石、101…研磨剂、102…球状填充剂、103…树脂粘结剂、M…母材、S…间隙、W…晶片。
具体实施方式
图1~图4是示出本发明的一个实施方式的图。需要说明的是,在这些图中,W表示作为磨削对象的硅晶片(被磨削物)。如图1所示,CMG装置10具备支撑晶片W的旋转工作台机构20和后述的支撑合成磨石100的磨石支撑机构30。CMG装置10构成了晶片处理装置的一部分。CMG装置10通过运送机器人等将晶片W运入/运出。
旋转工作台机构20具备:配置于地面的工作台电动机21、从该工作台电动机21向上方凸出配置的工作台轴22、以及安装在该工作台轴22的上端的工作台23。工作台23具有可拆卸地保持作为磨削对象的晶片W的机构。作为进行保持的机构,例如有真空吸附机构。
磨石支撑机构30具备:配置于地面且在内部容纳电动机的座架31、受到该座架31支撑且通过座架31内的电动机沿图1中箭头方向摆动的竖直方向的摆动轴32、设置在该摆动轴32的上端且沿水平方向延伸设置的臂33、以及设置在该臂33的前端侧的磨石驱动机构40。
磨石驱动机构40具备旋转电动机部41。旋转电动机部41具备向下方凸出的旋转轴42。在旋转轴42的前端部安装有圆环状的磨轮保持构件43。如图2所示,在磨轮保持构件43可拆卸地安装有圆环状的合成磨石100。在合成磨石100的安装时,将螺栓从磨轮保持构件43侧拧入设置于合成磨石100的螺纹孔进行安装。
如图3所示,将0.2~50体积%的研磨剂101、20~60体积%的球状填充剂102、以及3~25体积%的树脂粘结剂103通过下述的体积比率形成了合成磨石100。需要说明的是,球状填充剂102的形状并不一定限于球体,如果为块状,则包括一些凹凸、变形。
作为研磨剂101,例如使用粒径20nm以下的气相法二氧化硅。需要说明的是,粒径是指等效球直径的中值粒径D50。另外,研磨剂101的粒径优选小于5μm。
这里,对尽管使用了粒径20nm以下的气相法二氧化硅但仍将研磨剂101的粒径的上限值限定为小于5μm的原因进行说明。即,对于微粒而言,分散在液体中的状态下的初级粒子与在大气中、固体中凝聚的状态下的次级粒子的粒径有很大差别。例如,在上述的气相法二氧化硅的情况下,初级粒子为10~20nm左右,次级粒子为0.1~0.5μm左右。因此,在限定研磨剂的粒径的上限值的情况下,优选考虑初级粒子与次级粒子这两者混合在一起的情况而以次级粒子的粒径的上限值进行限定。另一方面,微粒除了气相法二氧化硅以外,还如后面所述有各种种类(氧化铈、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化铝/碳化硅等),基于该次级粒子的粒径确定了上限值。
另外,在粒径为1μm以下的亚微米粒子的情况下,研磨剂101的体积比率可以为0.2~1%左右。作为球状填充剂102,使用粒径20μm的球状硅胶。需要说明的是,球状硅胶为二氧化硅的多孔体。作为树脂粘结剂103,例如,使用酚醛树脂、乙基纤维素。用电子显微镜放大显示这样形成的合成磨石100得到图4所示的结果。
对于合成磨石100而言,用MEK(甲乙酮)溶剂将上述的比率的研磨剂101、球状填充剂102、树脂粘结剂103溶解,在搅拌后于大气中进行干燥。在干燥后进行粉碎,制成粉体,将该粉体填充于模具,在180℃下进行加压成型而形成。研磨剂101及树脂粘结剂103形成母材M,并处于球状填充剂102分散在该母材M内的状态。需要说明的是,可以调整树脂粘结剂103的粘结度,或者为了提高组织分散性而加入比研磨剂101更细小的粒子、线经更小的纤维质。
另外,相对于以硅作为主成分的晶片W,由气相法二氧化硅制成的研磨剂101与晶片或其氧化物同等或为软质。另外,相对于研磨剂101,由球状硅胶制成的球状填充剂102与晶片或其氧化物为同质或软质。此外,相对于研磨剂101,由纤维素制成的树脂粘结剂103为同质或软质。
需要说明的是,上述的合成磨石100中的体积比率如下所述确定。即,研磨剂101小于0.2体积%时,加工效率降低,超过50体积%时,磨石的成型变得困难。因此,研磨剂101的体积比优选为0.2~50%。
另外,在球状填充剂102小于20体积%的情况下,存在防止磨石面的平滑化的效果弱的问题。球状填充剂102的体积比率增大时,可以较高地保持加工效率、并且能够防止晶片W的品质降低及划痕产生的效果强,因此优选为30体积%以上。但是,超过60体积%时,磨石成型变得困难。因此,球状填充剂102的体积比优选为20~60%,更优选为50~60%。
此外,树脂粘结剂103的比率减少时,加工效率提高,但小于3体积%时难以成型,合成磨石100的磨损速度加快。树脂粘结剂103超过25体积%时,磨石粘结度大幅上升,消除了加工中的磨损,因此,即使有上述球状填充剂,也容易发生磨石面平滑化。因此,树脂粘结剂103的体积比优选为3~25体积%。
这样构成的合成磨石100被安装于CMG装置10,如下所述对晶片W进行磨削。即,将合成磨石100安装于磨轮保持构件43。接下来,通过运送机器人将晶片W安装于工作台23。
接着,发动工作台电动机21,使工作台23沿图1中的箭头方向旋转。另外,发动旋转电动机部41,使磨轮保持构件43及合成磨石100沿图1中的箭头方向旋转。使合成磨石100的圆周速度以例如600m/min进行旋转,并且以加工压力300g/cm2按压晶片W侧。进一步,使摆动轴32沿图1中的箭头方向摆动。通过这些连动,合成磨石100和晶片W发生滑动。
将此时的合成磨石100与晶片W的关系示于图3。由于球状填充剂102的平均粒径大于研磨剂101,因此,加工中的合成磨石100与晶片W基本上通过球状填充剂102的顶点而接触。即,在合成磨石100的母材M与晶片W之间,由于存在球状填充剂102,因此,母材M与晶片W不直接接触而形成一定的间隙S。
在球状填充剂102与晶片W接触的状态下开始加工时,会对母材M施加外力。通过该外力连续地作用,树脂粘结剂103松弛,研磨剂101从母材M上脱落。游离的研磨剂101在合成磨石100与晶片W的间隙中以吸附于球状填充剂102的状态存在于加工界面。因此,加工中的研磨剂101与晶片W基本上通过球状填充剂102的顶点进行接触。因此,研磨剂101与晶片W的实际接触面积大幅减小,加工点处的作用压力增高。因此,可以高加工效率进行磨削加工。
另一方面,通过间隙S,促进晶片W的表面附近的空气与外部气体的循环,加工面被冷却。另外,由研磨剂101产生的残渣经由间隙S而从晶片W被排出至外部,能够防止晶片W的表面受到损伤。其结果是能够防止因摩擦热导致的晶片W的表面的烧损、划痕。
由此,利用合成磨石100,将晶片W的表面磨削得平坦且为给定的表面粗糙度。
如上所述,根据本实施方式的合成磨石100,即使进行加工,也能够充分保持研磨剂101与晶片W的接触压力,保持加工效率,而且抑制树脂粘结剂103与晶片W的直接接触,由此防止晶片W的品质降低及划痕产生。
需要说明的是,构成合成磨石100的材料并不限于上述的材料。即,作为研磨剂101,在被磨削材料为硅的情况下,可以应用二氧化硅或氧化铈,在被磨削材料为蓝宝石的情况下,可以应用氧化铬/氧化铁。此外,作为可应用的研磨剂,也可以根据被磨削材料的种类而使用氧化铝/碳化硅。
作为球状填充剂102,可以应用二氧化硅、碳和作为他们的多孔体的硅胶、活性炭等。需要说明的是,作为气孔形成剂而使用的中空球会在加工中产生裂缝而成为划痕的原因,因此是不适合的。
作为树脂粘结剂103,除了酚醛树脂/环氧树脂这样的热固性树脂以外,还可以应用乙基纤维素这样的热塑性树脂。在热塑性树脂的情况下,只要是软化点较高为120℃以上、且伸长率小的热塑性树脂就可以使用。
需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,在实施阶段,可以在不脱离其主旨的范围进行各种变形。另外,各实施方式也可以适当组合而实施,在这样的情况下可以得到组合的效果。此外,上述实施方式包含了各种发明,可以从选自公开的多个构成要件的组合中提取出各种发明。例如,在即使从实施方式中示出的全部构成要件中删除若干构成要件也能够解决技术问题而获得效果的情况下,可以将删除了该构成要件的构成作为发明。
Claims (8)
1.一种合成磨石,其是对被磨削材料进行化学机械磨削的合成磨石,其具备:
对所述被磨削材料具有化学机械磨削作用、且粒径小于5μm的研磨剂;
由与所述被磨削材料或其氧化物同质或软质的材料形成、且粒径大于所述研磨剂的球状填充剂;以及
将所述研磨剂和所述球状填充剂粘结成一体的树脂粘结剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述研磨剂为与所述被磨削材料或其氧化物同质或软质的材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述研磨剂的体积比为0.2~50%,
所述球状填充剂的体积比为20~60%,
所述树脂粘结剂的体积为3~25体积%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述球状填充剂的体积比为30~60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述研磨剂为二氧化硅、氧化铈、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化铝、碳化硅中的任一种或混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述球状填充剂为二氧化硅、碳、硅胶、活性炭中的任一种或混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述树脂粘结剂为热固性树脂、热塑性树脂中的任一种或混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的合成磨石,其中,
所述被磨削材料以硅作为主成分,
所述研磨剂为气相法二氧化硅,
所述球状填充剂为球状硅胶,
所述树脂粘结剂为纤维素。
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