CN113856630B - 一种秸秆炭镁镧ldh纳米磷吸附材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种秸秆炭镁镧ldh纳米磷吸附材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113856630B CN113856630B CN202111337722.2A CN202111337722A CN113856630B CN 113856630 B CN113856630 B CN 113856630B CN 202111337722 A CN202111337722 A CN 202111337722A CN 113856630 B CN113856630 B CN 113856630B
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- straw
- ldh
- lanthanum
- phosphorus
- magnesium
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- VAUXQCJMLFLYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[C].[La] Chemical compound [Mg].[C].[La] VAUXQCJMLFLYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 lanthanum ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IGMQLTZGGAHFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[La] Chemical compound [C].[La] IGMQLTZGGAHFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- RIAXXCZORHQTQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[La] RIAXXCZORHQTQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 7
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238426 Anostraca Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGPMPCSRDZYKPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron zirconium Chemical compound [Cu][Fe][Zr] DGPMPCSRDZYKPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料及其制备方法与应用。所述制备方法包括如下步骤:S1、配制硝酸镁和硝酸镧的混合水溶液作为合成剂,向合成剂中加入秸秆的水分散液,并进行搅拌;S2、将沉淀剂滴加至步骤S1得到的混合液中,升温后进行搅拌;然后离心收集沉淀,依次经烘干、研磨至颗粒状,过筛得到秸秆‑Mg/La‑LDH复合物;沉淀剂为Na2CO3与NaOH的混合水溶液;S3、在通氮气的条件下,将秸秆‑Mg/La‑LDH复合物进行热解炭化即得。本发明中镁镧层状双金属氢氧化物调控后,减少了金属盐的投入量,不仅充分利用了秸秆生物质,而且优化了材料的复合比例,达到了高效的磷吸附效果,结果表明,沼液磷的回收率超过90%,该复合材料处理沼液具有良好应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料及其制备方法与应用,属于农村能源与环保技术领域。
背景技术
沼液作为可回收利用的农业废弃物资源,其中含有丰富的磷素资源,磷资源是一种不可再生资源。一方面从沼液中进行磷素等养分的回收可实现磷素等养分的管理利用,另一方面沼液中磷的过量排放会引起严重的富营养化问题。
目前,在农业生产中沼液磷元素的回收还未找到适合的途径,如何在农业管理中回收磷并研发基础性的技术设施,是目前亟需解决的问题。吸附技术是当前养分回收研究中的一项主要技术,用于沼液磷回收具有一定前景,近些年发现在众多磷回收材料中,层状金属氢氧化物(LDH)对磷的选择性吸附效果显著,与其它双金属LDH相比,镁基(Mg)-LDH具有更多的羟基和晶体区缺陷,晶体结构中的羟基和其他金属离子位点更容易暴露,从而更容易与吸附质接触,促进吸附。但是LDH材料在吸附磷过程中结晶度易破坏、重复使用性差、回收率低且成本较高。
目前有下述几种磷吸附材料:
1、中国专利申请CN 108525638 A公开了一种铝铜双金属氢氧化物与生物炭纤维复合除磷,该材料结合了改性生物质材料比表面积大,官能团丰富,经济环保的特点,适合除磷特点,有利于促进生物质资源化利用,但上述材料含有铜、铝元素,具有潜在的生态毒性风险,且材料制备使用到反应釜进行水热处理,工序复杂,不易扩大工程生产。
2、中国专利申请CN 111135790 A公开了一种通过慢速热解法将富集镁离子的卵壳制成具有多级孔道结构的纳米氧化镁生物炭除磷复合吸附剂,采用纳米镁是以Mg2+为前驱体制得的亚10纳米级MgO棒材料,多孔道的暴露提升了磷的吸附效果,但同时也会导致其他物质进入孔道,不易解吸出孔道内物质以后续使用,且该材料生物质使用的是水产废物卤虫卵壳,原料具有局限性,多孔道且污水除磷率在86%以上,除磷率有待进一步提升。
3、中国专利申请CN 112973635 A公开了一种除磷吸附剂:聚乙烯醇包覆得的纳米铁铜锆复合氧化物的活性炭壳聚糖颗粒,特点采用活性炭和壳聚糖的复合物作为载体,陈本较低,复合过程中采用聚乙二醇对活性炭一级壳聚糖进行包覆,避免壳聚糖降解和吸湿溶胀导致被洗脱的问题,提高材料稳定性和吸附性,但壳聚糖在材料中占比较大,影响材料的机械强度,且合成方法是煅烧,消耗大量热源,对于纳米颗粒生长情况也不易控制,且含有铜锆金属,聚磷剂后续应用也受限。
4、程福龙等在《农业工程学报》2021年发表的“生物炭Mg/Al-LDHs复合材料对磷的吸附特性及机理”中报道采用共沉淀法制备出生物炭镁铝水滑石复合材料。结合了生物炭比表面积大、官能团丰富的特点,克服了单一材料吸附磷酸盐的局限性,以废香蕉皮为生物炭原料复合Mg/Al-LDHs制备材料,但吸附剂适合应用于磷浓度较低的模拟配水,不适合沼液这种复杂的高悬浮物高磷废水,同时香蕉皮收集来源有限,不具有普及性。
目前,有报道,将生物炭用作层状双金属氢氧化物的负载体,通过共沉淀法、水热法和共热解法活化制备复合材料,但尚未有报道将金属前体进行定量调控后再复合生物炭制备,以及Mg/La这两种金属与秸秆炭复合制备,也未出现该材料用于沼液磷回收的报道,及其富磷材料资源化利用方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料,其磷吸附量大、稳定性强、重复利用率高、选择性好、易制备、清洁无害低成本。
本发明所提供的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、配制硝酸镁和硝酸镧的混合水溶液作为合成剂,向所述合成剂中加入秸秆的水分散液,并进行搅拌;
S2、将沉淀剂滴加至步骤S1得到的混合液中,升温后进行搅拌;然后离心收集沉淀,依次经烘干、研磨至颗粒状,过筛得到秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物;
所述沉淀剂为Na2CO3与NaOH的混合水溶液;
S3、在通氮气的条件下,将所述秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物进行热解炭化,即得所述秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,所述合成剂中,所述硝酸镁的摩尔浓度为0.5~1mol/L,优选1mol/L,所述硝酸镧的摩尔浓度为0.001~0.5mol/L,优选0.001~0.1mol/L。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,所述秸秆为玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆或其他生物质秸秆。
所述秸秆过100目筛;
所述秸秆的加入量为所述硝酸镁和所述硝酸镧总质量的5%~55%。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,加入所述秸秆后,加热至85~95℃,剧烈搅拌10~20min后,再于常温下搅拌2~4h。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S2中,所述沉淀剂中,所述Na2CO3的摩尔浓度为0.80~1.20mol/L,所述NaOH的摩尔浓度为2.50~3.50mol/L;
所述沉淀剂中钠离子的摩尔与所述合成剂中镁离子和镧离子的摩尔比为1:0.4~0.6。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S2中,升温至65±5℃后搅拌16h以上;
过30~100目筛得到所述秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物,优选35~100目,更优选100目。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S3中,所述热解炭化的温度为400~600℃,优选600℃,热解时间为2h。
本发明方法制备的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附剂,具有丰富的纳米颗粒和表面官能团,纳米粒径为10~25nm。
本发明具有下述有益技术效果:
1、本发明吸附材料主要由玉米秸秆或水稻秸秆、硝酸镁、硝酸镧和沉淀剂组成,其合成结构和组分大大提升了沼液磷回收效果、明显增大了磷的去除率、净化沼液,降低沼液氮磷含量,减少了养分流失。
2、本发明吸附材料提高了对磷的选择吸附性,提升了吸附剂的重复利用率。
3、本发明不仅可以大量的利用农业废弃物秸秆,还可以净化沼液,同时回收的富磷材料是一种养分充足的有机肥料,提升农业综合效益。
4、本发明中,镁镧层状双金属氢氧化物调控后,减少了金属盐的投入量,不仅充分利用了秸秆生物质,而且优化了材料的复合比例,达到了高效的磷吸附效果,结果表明,沼液磷的回收率超过90%,该复合材料处理沼液具有良好应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的优选秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸磷材料的制备方法流程图。
图2是本发明实施例2中不同温度(400、500和600℃)下制备的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图3是本发明实施例3中采用不同粒径(18目、35目和100目)的秸秆制备的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图4是本发明实施例5中吸附剂应用于回收沼液中磷的效果图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、Mg/La-LDH材料的制备
1)配制Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和La(NO3)3·6H2O双金属盐混合溶液A,配制3.5mol·L-1的NaOH溶液和0.94mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液作为沉淀剂B;
2)将Na2CO3和NaOH混合溶液B逐滴加入到上混合溶液A中进行共沉淀反应,期间不断搅拌使反应体系均匀,其中,钠离子的摩尔与镁离子和镧离子的摩尔比为1:0.4;
3)将步骤2反应物加热到65±5℃后用磁力搅拌器继续搅拌16h以上得到纳米结晶产物;
4)将步骤3)得到的纳米结晶产物反复离心并清洗干净、80℃烘干,研磨至均匀颗粒状并过100目筛得到Mg/La-LDH粉末;
5)将上述Mg/La-LDH粉末材料在500℃下于管式炉中通N2条件下活化2h后得到纳米Mg/La-LDHs吸附材料,材料平均大小为30~100目,颗粒纳米粒径为10~25nm。
本实施例制备的材料呈淡黄色粉末状,其中,步骤1)中,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O溶液浓度为1mol/L,La(NO3)3·6H2O的溶液浓度分别为0.001、0.005、0.01、0.1、0.3和0.5mol/L。
将0.02g吸附剂(本实施例制备的纳米Mg/La-LDHs吸附材料)分别放入50mL的聚乙烯管中,分散于40mL的KH2PO4(100mg·L-1)溶液中,置于25℃恒温振荡器中,120rpm振荡24h,测定对磷的吸附效果,结果如表1所示。
通过采用紫外分光光度计,按照钼锑抗分光光度法或电感耦合等离子发射ICP-OES测定KH2PO4的含量。
表1纳米Mg/La-LDHs吸附材料对磷的吸附效果
合成材料 | La添加比例(硝酸镧浓度)mol/L | 磷酸盐吸附率(%) | 磷吸附量(mg/g) |
Mg-La0.001-LDH | 0.001 | 99.15 | 46.74±0.45 |
Mg-La0.005-LDH | 0.005 | 98.44 | 45.64±0.91 |
Mg-La0.01-LDH | 0.01 | 98.44 | 46.10±0.33 |
Mg-La0.1-LDH | 0.10 | 99.58 | 46.32±0.33 |
Mg-La0.3-LDH | 0.30 | 98.73 | 46.08±0.63 |
Mg-La0.5-LDH | 0.50 | 94.90 | 43.93±0.83 |
实施例2、不同温度的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附剂的制备
制备流程图如图1所示。
1)按照物质的量比n(Mg2+)/n(La3+)为10/1在常温下制备Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和La(NO3)3·6H2O混合溶液,配制3.5mol·L-1的NaOH溶液和0.94mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液;
2)以Mg/La盐总质量的5%称取秸秆(玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆),秸秆以0.2g·mL-1的量分散于去离子水中超声30min,之后将秸秆倒入Mg/La混合溶液中,加热至90℃,剧烈搅拌10min后,常温搅拌2h;
3)然后,将Na2CO3和NaOH混合溶液逐滴加入到上述秸秆Mg/La混合溶液中(钠离子的摩尔与镁离子和镧离子的摩尔比为1:0.6),将其加热到65±5℃后继续搅拌16h以上,后反复离心并清洗干净、烘干,研磨至均匀颗粒状并过100目筛,得到秸秆-Mg/La0.1-LDH复合物;
4)上述步骤完成后,将秸秆-Mg/La0.1-LDH复合物分别在不同温度(400℃、500℃、600℃)下于管式炉中通N2条件下热解炭化2h,降温干燥后即得秸秆炭-Mg/La0.1-LDH复合材料。
本实施例中不同温度(400、500和600℃)下制备的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图如图2所示,可以看出,热解温度越高表面颗粒粘连性越强,孔隙度更紧密,材料粒径逐渐减小,其中6YBC-LDH的粒径尺寸最小,主要集中分布在介孔范围(<14nm),部分颗粒尺寸在微孔范围内,而纳米粒度越小,基质孔隙度越小。
本实施例制备的秸秆炭-Mg/La-LDH复合材料对磷的吸附效果如表2所示,测定方法同实施例1。
表2秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附剂对磷的吸附效果
在相同条件下600℃热解的6YBC-LDH和6SBC-LDH显示更好的吸附性能,P回收率分别为98.72%和98.69%。整体来看,由于水稻秸秆炭本身热解后灰分较大,对材料本身的表面积和孔隙度有影响,因此采用玉米秸秆炭复合材料相比水稻秸秆炭有明显的磷吸附优势。
实施例3:不同粒径的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附剂的制备
1)按照物质的量比n(Mg2+)/n(La3+)为10/1在常温下制备Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和La(NO3)3·6H2O混合溶液A,配制3.5mol·L-1的NaOH溶液和0.94mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液B;
2)秸秆粉碎后分别过18目、35目和100目筛后按照Mg/La盐总质量的5%的量分散于去离子水中超声30min,得到混合液C;
3)将混合溶液A与混合液C混合,加热至90℃,剧烈搅拌10min后,常温搅拌2h。之后将混合溶液B逐滴加入到上述秸秆镁镧混合溶液中(A+C)(钠离子的摩尔与镁离子和镧离子的摩尔比为1:0.6),将混合溶液加热到65±5℃后继续搅拌16h以上,之后反复离心并清洗干净,烘干,得到不同粒径的复合吸附材料;
4)将3)得到的复合材料在通N2条件下采用加热设备在600℃温度下热解炭化一段时间,降温干燥后即得到纳米6YBC-Mg/La-LDHs吸附材料。
本实施例采用不同粒径(18目、35目和100目)的秸秆制备的秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图如图3所示,可以看出,粗颗粒的材料表面孔隙结构更明显,秸秆炭内部层次分明,层状结构突出;细颗粒的材料表面有更多Mg/La-LDH暴露在表面及孔道内,促进磷的吸附。
本实施例制备的秸秆炭-Mg/La-LDH复合材料对磷的吸附效果如表3所示,测定方法同实施例1。
由表3结果发现,秸秆粒径对材料吸附磷的效果有显著的影响,随着秸秆粒径减小,合成的复合材料吸附磷的效果逐渐增大,说明粒径小的复合材料在沼液中的分散性较好,与液体中的磷酸盐接触位点较多,更容易捕获周围的磷酸根离子,本发明优选35~100目的秸秆。
表3秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米吸附剂对磷的吸附效果
实施例4、添加不同秸秆量合成秸秆炭镁镧LDH的纳米吸附剂对沼液中磷的吸附回收
本实施例考虑在不影响P回收的前提下,增大秸秆原料的比例,减少成本,按照5%~55%的秸秆量制备6YBC-LDH材料,如表5所示。在制备的不同配比材料中,随着秸秆投入量的增大,吸附剂产率降低,秸秆质量为55%的6YBC-LDH相比5%的处理,吸附剂产率减少了17.33%,Mg/La含量明显降低,但是对P的回收效率无显著变化,说明在后续生产中可扩大秸秆的投加量至55%。
表4不同配比的6YBC-LDH回收磷前后参数
实施例5、采用55%秸秆添加量的6YBC-LDH复合材料对比吸附剂投加量对沼液磷的回收效果
沼液初始磷浓度为147.66mg·L-1,吸附剂6YBC-LDH投加量范围是0.5~10.0g·L-1,吸附后的沼液无需离心,静置沉淀12h后即呈现如图4所示现象,当吸附剂投加量超过2g/L时,不仅去除了沼液中90%以上的磷酸盐,同时沼液变得澄清,色度被去除,悬浮物显著减少,可在1h内将磷酸盐的浓度降至8.25mg·L-1以下,在沼液磷浓度为147.66mg·L-1范围,对磷酸盐的有效回收量可达到69.73mg·g-1。
通过采用紫外分光光度计,按照钼锑抗分光光度法和电感耦合等离子发射ICP-OES测定沼液中磷酸盐和磷素的含量。
Claims (7)
1.一种秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料在吸附回收沼液中的磷的应用;
所述秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、配制硝酸镁和硝酸镧的混合水溶液作为合成剂,向所述合成剂中加入秸秆的水分散液,并进行搅拌;
所述秸秆为玉米秸秆;
S2、将沉淀剂滴加至步骤S1得到的混合液中,升温后进行搅拌;然后离心收集沉淀,依次经烘干、研磨至颗粒状,过筛得到秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物;
所述沉淀剂为Na2CO3与NaOH的混合水溶液;
S3、在通氮气的条件下,将所述秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物进行热解炭化,即得所述秸秆炭镁镧LDH纳米磷吸附材料;
步骤S3中,所述热解炭化的温度为500~600℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述合成剂中,所述硝酸镁的摩尔浓度为0.5~1.0mol/L,所述硝酸镧的摩尔浓度为0.001~0.5mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述秸秆过100目筛;
所述秸秆的加入量为所述硝酸镁和所述硝酸镧总质量的5%~55%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S1中,加入所述秸秆后,加热至85~95℃,剧烈搅拌10~20min后,再于常温下搅拌2~4h。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述沉淀剂中,所述Na2CO3的摩尔浓度为0.8~1.20mol/L,所述NaOH的摩尔浓度为2.50~3.50mol/L;
所述沉淀剂中钠离子的摩尔与所述合成剂中镁离子和镧离子的摩尔比为1:0.4~0.6。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S2中,升温至65±5℃后搅拌16h以上;
过30~100目筛得到所述秸秆-Mg/La-LDH复合物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤S3中,所述热解炭化的时间为2h。
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