CN113841607B

CN113841607B - Method for seed production and pollination of vegetables by using flies

Info

Publication number: CN113841607B
Application number: CN202111050962.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张仕林; 郏颖杰; 曹艺; 王海林; 朱秀春; 龚俊岭
Original assignee: Shanghai Vegetable Research Institute; Shanghai Wells Seed Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Vegetable Research Institute; Shanghai Wells Seed Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-08
Filing date: 2021-09-08
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-08
Also published as: CN113841607A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for utilizing flies to produce seeds and pollinate greenhouse vegetables, wherein the full-bloom period of the vegetables is from March to April, and the method comprises the following steps: step (1), luring, breeding and larva culturing of the flies in the early winter in the late autumn: a. luring and breeding the flies: pig lungs are used as fly-attracting materials and are placed at a dense fly distribution point to attract flies to come forward to lay eggs; b. larva culture of the flies: putting the oviposited pig lung into a pupation barrel, converting the larva into pupae at the temperature of 15-25 ℃, and then dormancy of the pupae at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ after temperature change treatment; step (2), vegetable seed production and pollination: breaking dormancy of fly pupae 15-25 days before the greenhouse seed production vegetable enters into the flowering phase, putting the fly pupae broken through dormancy into a greenhouse, and pollinating the vegetable after the fly pupae are broken into flies. The method for pollinating the vegetable seed production by using the flies provided by the invention is a pollination method which has the advantages of low capital investment, simple and easy operation, high pollination efficiency and suitability for large-area isolation greenhouse vegetable seed production.

Description

Method for breeding and pollinating vegetables by using flies

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pollination seed production, in particular to a method for pollinating a vegetable seed production with a blooming period from march to april by using flies, and particularly relates to a method for pollinating a green Chinese onion seed production by using flies.

Background

Liliaceous vegetables such as green Chinese onions and the like, and umbelliform vegetables such as carrots, celery, caraway and the like have a long cultivation history and wide planting regions in China. In recent years, the demand of China on the two vegetables rapidly rises, the planting area of the green Chinese onions in each region is also enlarged year by year, and the seed demand is correspondingly increased. The green Chinese onion, the carrot, the celery, the caraway and the like are hermaphrodite cross-pollination crops, the male flowers and the female flowers are very small, and each inflorescence has hundreds of small flowers. In south China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and the middle and lower reaches of the Zhujiang river are basically influenced by plum rain seasons and typhoon in the blooming period and the mature harvest period of seeds, so that the yield and the quality of the seeds are seriously influenced, and therefore, the greenhouse seed production in a protected area is inevitably selected in the areas. At present, the conventional varieties and hybrid F1 generations of seeds for vegetable crop production are available, and compared with an artificial pollination seed production method, insect auxiliary pollination becomes a main choice due to the absolute advantages of low operation cost, high efficiency, high yield and the like. In a common open field environment, insects such as butterflies, bees, flies and the like pollinate the vegetable crops in the flowering phase, however, adverse factors such as no butterflies, low pollination efficiency and the like caused by inactivity of high-temperature bees in the greenhouse and the like in the isolation greenhouse due to pest control cause that the vegetable crops basically cannot fruit normally, so that the seed yield is low, and the flies become the first choice. The use of fly pollination has been reported in China for mango, chinese cabbage, rape, onion and other crops, and the fly pollination has not been applied to large-scale hybrid seed production in vegetable crop greenhouses. The commonly used pollination assisting insects in production comprise bees, pandemics, osmia, flies and the like, and through repeated tests, the effects of pollinating the vegetable crops by the bees, the pandemics and the osmia are not ideal and the cost is relatively high.

Xuwei Zhonget al published "application research of fly-assisted pollination in onion isolation sampling" (inner Mongolia agricultural science 2015 (1): 71-72), jiahubiao et al published "a method for onion seed production using flies" (CN 201710068173.0), which is mainly for onion pollination and uses flies in the season and is thrown in a large number of batches.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for pollinating greenhouse seed production vegetables with blooming period from March to April by using flies, and particularly relates to a method for pollinating seed production vegetables with blooming period from March to April by using flies, for example, in Shanghai areas, for the vegetables with blooming period from March to April, the flies are not active yet, a small amount of flies can actively lay eggs only in the early morning in April, the time required for laying eggs to adult flies is about 25 days, and the blooming period is already over, so that the active period of the flies is staggered with the blooming period of the vegetables, and the vegetables are difficult to pollinate by using the flies. This technical problem is solved by the method of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for utilizing flies to pollinate vegetable seeds, wherein the full-bloom period of the vegetable is from March to April, and the method comprises the following steps:

step (1), luring and breeding and larva culturing of the flies in later seasons and autumn in the previous year:

a. luring and breeding the flies: pig lungs are used as fly-attracting materials and are placed at a dense fly distribution point to attract flies to come forward to lay eggs;

b. larva culture of the flies: putting the oviposited pig lung into a pupation barrel, converting the larva into pupae at the temperature of 10-25 ℃, and then dormancy of the pupae at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ after temperature change treatment;

step (2), vegetable seed production and pollination: breaking dormancy of fly pupae 15-25 days before the vegetable enters into flowering phase, putting the fly pupae broken dormancy into a greenhouse, and pollinating the vegetable after the fly pupae are broken into flies.

Optionally, the temperature-changing treatment in step (1) is carried out by cooling from room temperature to 14-18 ℃ for two days, cooling to 6-10 ℃ for two days, and finally cooling to 1-5 ℃.

Optionally, the dormancy breaking process in the step (2) is that the temperature is increased from 1-5 ℃ to 6-10 ℃ for two days, then increased to 14-18 ℃ for two days, and finally increased to 23-27 ℃ for two days.

Optionally, soil in the pupation barrel is loose pupation soil which is formed by mixing garden soil, soilless culture medium and organic fertilizer in proportion, and water containing brown sugar is further contained in the pupation barrel.

Optionally, the vegetables with full-bloom period from march to april comprise two or more species of green Chinese onion, carrot, celery and caraway which can generate reproductive isolation, and are mixed for cultivation, so that the sufficient fly food source is ensured.

Optionally, the vegetable seed production pollination comprises pollination of a conventional variety and pollination of a hybrid variety, wherein the pollination of the hybrid variety is that the fly larvae obtained in the step (1) are used for carrying out hybrid pollination on the male parent and the female parent of the vegetable, and the proportion of the male parent to the female parent is preferably 1: (3-5), for example, 1:4.

optionally, the normal variety of pollinated fly larvae is released at a density of 25-35 per square meter and the hybrid variety of pollinated fly larvae is released at a density of 55-65 per square meter.

Optionally, the method further comprises a harmless treatment step, wherein the harmless treatment step comprises the following steps: after the vegetables are withered, the greenhouse is continuously closed for 5 days, the supply of food and water is stopped, all flies are dead in the greenhouse, and then the bactericide and the insecticide are sprayed to prevent the vegetable diseases and insect pests, so that the purpose of cleaning the field and the environment from being damaged by flies is achieved.

Optionally, the dosing frequency of the fly pupae of step (2) is one batch every 7-9 days, for example, one batch every 8 days.

Optionally, the fly is red head blowfly.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention provides a method for utilizing flies to pollinate seeds of vegetables with full-bloom periods from Mare to April, wherein the vegetables with full-bloom periods from Mare to April have the cultivated flies incapable of corresponding to the bloom periods due to low temperature in the season;

2. the invention utilizes the matching of multiple crops for seed production, prolongs the service life of flies, improves the pollination efficiency and increases the income of comprehensive seed production;

3. according to the pollination method, a series of conditions such as fly induced breeding time and method, low-temperature storage of fly pupa cold storage, pollination density, harmless treatment and the like are tested and explored, so that the pollination method which is low in capital investment, simple and feasible in operation, high in pollination efficiency and suitable for large-area isolation greenhouse vegetable seed production is obtained.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment provides a method for pollinating a vegetable seed production in the flowering season from March to April by using flies, and particularly relates to a method for pollinating a green Chinese onion seed production by using flies.

1. Culturing first-generation flies:

the flowering period of the crops is different according to varieties, early flower varieties in Shanghai areas generally enter the full-bloom period in the middle ten days of March, late flower varieties generally enter the full-bloom period in the middle late ten days of April, and external flies are not moved due to low temperature, so that the pig lungs cannot be used for attracting the flies to lay eggs to culture young flies; even if a small amount of flies can lay eggs in the open field in the early four months, the time from the egg laying to the fly forming is about 25 days, and the full-bloom period of the green Chinese onion is already passed. Therefore, in this example, the pig lungs are used to attract the last batch of flies to lay eggs in the first 11 months of winter, and then the pig lungs after laying eggs are placed in a pupation bucket (each bucket is, for example, two pig lungs, the volume of the pupation bucket is, for example, 15L, the soil in the bucket is, for example, the proportion of field soil to organic fertilizer: soilless culture medium = 1. After about 10 days, the pupae are stored in a soil layer in a barrel, and then are subjected to temperature change treatment of room temperature → 2 days at 16 ℃ → 2 days at 8 → 3 ℃ to ensure dormancy of the pupae, and the pupae are put into a low-temperature storage room at 3 ℃ for dormancy. Beginning to bloom at the end of 2 months next year according to different allium fistulosum varieties, breaking dormancy in a bolting period (about 20 days away from the flowering period) of the allium fistulosum according to a mode of 3 ℃ → 2 days 8 ℃ → 2 days 16 ℃ → 2 days 25 ℃, putting the dormant fly pupae into a greenhouse, breaking the fly pupae into flies after about 10 days, pollinating the allium fistulosum, and putting the allium fistulosum in batches every 8 days according to the method.

2. And (3) interplanting other crops in the same flowering period in the green Chinese onion seed production field:

the single green Chinese onion flower causes the food source of the flies to be limited, and in addition, the temperature in the greenhouse is high, so that the service life of the flies is short, the activity degree of the flies is low, the pollination efficiency is reduced, and the raising batch and the raising cost of the flies are increased. The invention adopts an efficient seed production mode of, for example, green Chinese onions, carrots, celery and caraway, and is specifically configured to configure 20 carrots, 20 celery and 20 caraways per 3 ten thousand green Chinese onions, thereby effectively enriching the types of crops, prolonging the life of flies, improving the activity degree of the flies and improving the pollination efficiency of the green Chinese onions. Meanwhile, the carrot, the celery and the caraway harvest high-quality seeds, and the seed production efficiency and the economic income per mu are improved.

3. The optimal fly throwing density is as follows:

after the green Chinese onions enter the flowering phase, the greenhouse door of the green Chinese onions is tightly closed, and the situation that other varieties of pollen are introduced to cause variety mixing is avoided. Through a plurality of tests, the fly throwing density in the greenhouse is kept to be 30 flies/m for example by adopting the conventional green Chinese onion variety ² The fly throw density in the shed of the hybrid variety (at a parental ratio of, for example, 1 ² 。

4. The first generation flies are used in cooperation with the now-old pig lung flies:

the flowering period of the green Chinese onions generally lasts about 25 days, and for early flowering varieties, first generation flies are used for pollination in the whole process; for late-flowering variety, the flowering period ranges from the last 4 months to the last 5 months, and the flies can be cultured by utilizing the pig lungs in the last 4 months as described above, and the specific culture method refers to the method for onion seed production by utilizing the flies (CN 201710068173.0). In the embodiment, the pig lungs are used for culturing the flies at the end of 3 months, and the flies in the current season replace the first generation flies for pollination in the last ten months, so that the first generation fly pupas are stopped to be thrown into the seed production greenhouse in the middle ten months, and the use cost of the first generation pupas is reduced.

5. And (3) harmless treatment:

after the flowers of the green Chinese onions wither, the greenhouse is continuously closed for 5 days, the supply of food and water is stopped, all flies are dead in the greenhouse, and then the bactericide and the insecticide are sprayed to prevent the diseases and the insect pests of the green Chinese onions, so that the purpose of cleaning the field and the garden is achieved, and the flies are prevented from flying out to harm the environment.

1. the invention provides a method for utilizing flies to breed and pollinate vegetables in the full-bloom stage from March to April, for example, for Shanghai local areas, the temperature is low in the season, and the cultured flies cannot correspond to the blooming stage;

2. according to the invention, multiple crops are matched for seed production, so that the service life of flies is prolonged, the pollination efficiency of the green Chinese onions is improved, and meanwhile, the seed production income is increased;

3. according to the invention, a series of conditions such as fly induced propagation time and method, low-temperature storage of fly pupa refrigerator, pollination density, harmless treatment and the like are tested and explored, so that the pollination method which is low in capital investment, simple and feasible in operation, high in pollination efficiency and suitable for large-area isolation greenhouse green Chinese onion seed production is obtained.

The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims

1. A method for utilizing flies to pollinate greenhouse vegetables for seed production and pollination is characterized in that the full-bloom period of the vegetable for seed production is from march to April, and the method comprises the following steps:

a. luring and breeding the flies: the pig lung is taken as a fly-inducing material and is placed at a dense distribution point of the flies to induce the flies to lay eggs before;

b. larva culture of the flies: putting the oviposited pig lung into a pupation barrel, converting the larva into pupae at the temperature of 10-25 ℃, and then dormancy of the pupae at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ after temperature change treatment; wherein the temperature-changing treatment process comprises the steps of reducing the room temperature to 14-18 ℃ for two days, reducing the room temperature to 6-10 ℃ for two days, and finally reducing the room temperature to 0-5 ℃;

step (2), vegetable seed production and pollination: breaking dormancy of fly pupae 15-25 days before the greenhouse seed production vegetable enters into the flowering phase, putting the fly pupae broken through dormancy into a greenhouse, and pollinating the vegetable after the fly pupae are broken into flies; wherein the dormancy breaking process comprises the steps of raising the temperature from 0-5 ℃ to 6-10 ℃ for two days, raising the temperature to 14-18 ℃ for two days, and finally raising the temperature to 23-27 ℃ for two days.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil in the pupation barrel is loose pupation soil which comprises garden soil, soilless culture medium and organic fertilizer which are mixed in proportion, and the pupation barrel also comprises water containing brown sugar.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetables with full bloom stage from march to april comprise two or more species of liliaceae and Umbelliferae such as green Chinese onion, carrot, celery and caraway, which can generate reproductive isolation, and are mixed cultivated to ensure sufficient fly food source.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pollination of the vegetable seed comprises pollination of a conventional variety and pollination of a hybrid variety, wherein the ratio of the pollination of the hybrid variety, male parent and female parent is 1: (3-5).

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the normal variety of pollinated fly pupae is delivered at a density of 25-35 per square meter and the hybrid variety of pollinated fly pupae is delivered at a density of 55-65 per square meter.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a detoxification step of: after the vegetables are withered, the greenhouse is continuously closed for 10 days, the supply of food and water is stopped, all flies are dead in the greenhouse, and then the bactericide and the insecticide are sprayed to prevent the vegetable diseases and insect pests, so that the purpose of cleaning the field and the environment from being damaged by flies is achieved.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fly pupae are dosed in step (2) at a dosing frequency of one batch every 7-9 days.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said fly is red head blowfly.