CN113796250A - Camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113796250A CN113796250A CN202110935363.4A CN202110935363A CN113796250A CN 113796250 A CN113796250 A CN 113796250A CN 202110935363 A CN202110935363 A CN 202110935363A CN 113796250 A CN113796250 A CN 113796250A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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Abstract
The invention discloses a camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method, which aims to solve the technical problems of short time window period, strong seasonality, low survival rate and the like of the current bare-rooted seedlings suitable for planting, realizes rapid forest establishment of camellia oleifera planting, and reduces the technical difficulty and input cost of planting management, and comprises the following steps: (1) filling a bottom non-woven cloth bag with nutrient soil to form container cup bodies which are arranged on the seedbed; (2) repeatedly drenching with rain or watering, and forming a hole in the center of the cup body of the container; (3) inserting annual bare-rooted seedlings of the viscous mud into the holes and sealing the holes from 11 months of the current year to 1 month of the next year; (4) soil is taken from the periphery of the seedbed to protect the slope; (5) spreading the compound fertilizer and spraying insecticide and bactericide; (6) in 12 months, taking out the seedlings at intervals and arranging the seedlings on a newly prepared seedbed at intervals; (7) filling nutrient soil around each container seedling of the original seedling bed and the new seedling bed and protecting the slope; (8) repeating the step (5) in the second year; (9) and taking seedlings from 11 months of the second year to 3 months of the third year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-yield camellia oleifera afforestation and seedling raising technology for forestry, in particular to a camellia oleifera three-year-old container large-seedling cultivation method suitable for new afforestation of high-yield camellia oleifera and quality-improving, efficiency-increasing and transformation of low-yield low-efficiency forests.
Background
In 2008, the country greatly promotes the development of high-yield camellia oleifera, and the seedlings applied to production mainly comprise two-year-old bare-rooted seedlings and two-year-old light-matrix non-woven fabric cup seedlings. Practice proves that the two seedlings have certain problems in actual production: 1. The bare-rooted seedlings are suitable for planting in a short time window, strong in seasonality and low in survival rate; 2. the investment of seedling raising of the light-matrix cup seedlings is large, the growth amount and the growth vigor of the seedling field are not as good as those of bare-rooted seedlings, the roots are adhered, extruded and wound in the cup body, the later-stage afforestation root system extension is not facilitated, most of the non-woven bags cannot be degraded after three or four years of afforestation, the root system extension of the camellia oleifera seedlings is further restrained, the camellia oleifera seedlings grow slowly (even die seedlings), the afforestation target of fast afforestation is influenced, the management cost of the young forest period is increased, and the expected income is reduced.
Through years of research and experiments, the cultivation technology and the matched afforestation technology innovation of the camellia oleifera large container seedlings in three years are completed, the large container seedlings in three years are applied to production, the growth period of the camellia oleifera young forest period only needs two years, the large container seedlings are saved by two years compared with bare-rooted seedlings in two years, the large container seedlings are saved by three years compared with light-matrix cup seedlings in two years, the management period, the technical difficulty and the investment cost of the camellia oleifera young forest period are reduced, the income is obtained two years ahead, the large container seedlings are certainly widely applied to the future new high-yield camellia oleifera afforestation and low-yield low-efficiency forest transformation, the camellia oleifera planting technology innovation of the camellia oleifera industry is realized, and the camellia oleifera planting technology of China is improved to a new stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the practical requirements and provide a method for cultivating three-year-old container large seedlings of camellia oleifera abel, so as to solve the problems that the current bare-rooted seedlings are short in time window suitable for planting, strong in seasonality and low in survival rate; the technical problems of large investment for seedling raising of the light medium cup seedlings, slow growth of the tea-oil tree seedlings, high management cost and the like are solved, the rapid forest establishment of the tea-oil tree planting is realized, and the technical difficulty, investment and early profit of planting management are reduced.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
discloses a method for cultivating three-year-old container large seedlings of camellia oleifera, which comprises the following steps:
(1) filling a non-woven cloth bag with a bottom with nutrient soil (with the diameter of 12 cm and the height of 20 cm) and arranging the non-woven cloth bag on a seedbed, wherein the length and the width of the seedbed are 30 m/1.2 m;
(2) before planting, rain is drenched or watering is drenched thoroughly for many times, and then a planting cone is inserted into the bottom hole at the center point of the container;
(3) inserting annual bare-rooted seedlings stuck with slurry into the cavity of the container and sealing holes on the outer side of the cup body by using a seedling planting cone in the 11 th month to 1 st month of the next year;
(4) after the seedling planting is finished, soil is taken from the periphery of the seedbed to protect the slope;
(5) broadcasting compound fertilizer in 3-5 months of the first year; spraying insecticide and bactericide in 4-7 months;
(6) in 12 months of the first year, the container seedlings are taken out at intervals and arranged on a newly prepared seedbed beside the container seedlings at the row spacing of 12 cm;
(7) filling nutrient soil around each container seedling of the original seedbed and the new seedbed to be level with the cup mouth, taking soil to protect the slope and opening a drainage ditch;
(8) repeating the step (5) in 3-5 months and 4-7 months of the second year;
(9) and taking seedlings from 11 months of the second year to 3 months of the third year.
In the step (1), the nutrient soil comprises, by weight, 10-15% of fermented organic fertilizer, 5% of a mixture of pine bark and sawdust, 1% of calcium magnesium phosphate and 79-84% of loess.
In the step (3), when the bare-rooted seedlings are inserted into the container holes, the grafting opening is positioned at a position 10 cm away from the cup body.
In the step (6), 15 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer is respectively broadcast and applied in 3 months and 5 months.
And (6) spraying the insecticide and the bactericide in the months of 4 and 7 respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method of the invention adopts the seedling cultivation cones and the like, has low investment cost and simple implementation and operation, is suitable for long window time (11 months to 3 months of the next year) for planting, has high survival rate (the time proves that the survival rate of the large seedlings of the three-year-old container cultivated by the cultivation method of the invention reaches 100 percent), can realize quick forest planting of the camellia oleifera, and reduces the technical difficulty and investment of planting management and early profit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-year-old container-grown seedling plant cultivated by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second three-year-old container seedling plant cultivated by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three-year-old container seedling plant cultivated by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-year-old container seedling plant cultivated by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-year-old container seedling plant cultivated by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1: a method for cultivating three-year-old container large seedlings of camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation:
preparing a seedbed: the length and width of the nursery are 30 meters by 1.2 meters, the depth of a main ditch of the drainage ditch nursery is 40 centimeters, and the depth of a side ditch is 30 centimeters.
A plurality of seedling planting cones with the length of 25 cm and the diameter of 3 cm.
(2) Filling a bottomed nonwoven cloth bag with the thickness of 40 g and the specification of 20 x 26 cm with nutrient soil to form a container cup body with the specification of 20 cm height and the diameter of 12 cm; according to weight percentage, the nutrient soil comprises 10-15% of fermented organic fertilizer, 5% of mixture of pine bark and sawdust, 1% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 79-84% of loess.
(3) In the first year, the container cup bodies filled with nutrient soil are placed on a seedbed in a row, waiting for raining thoroughly or watering thoroughly for many times, and then a seedling planting cone is inserted into a hole at the bottom of the central point of the container cup bodies;
(4) inserting annual bare-rooted seedlings of the viscous mud into the cavity of the container in the period from 11 months of the current year to 1 month of the next year, positioning a grafting opening at a position of 10 cm of the cup body, and extruding and sealing holes at the outer edge of the cup body by using a seedling planting cone;
(5) after the seedling planting is finished, soil is taken from the periphery of the seedbed for slope protection, and meanwhile, bactericides such as carbendazim, root rot agent and the like are sprayed for disinfection;
(6) managing in the first year: artificial weed pulling is carried out in time, and compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied according to 15 Kg/mu in 3-5 months; spraying insecticide (pyrethrin and acetamiprid) and bactericide (rhizofurazoline) in months 4-7;
(7) in 12 months of the first year, the container seedlings are taken out at intervals and arranged on a newly prepared seedbed beside the container seedlings at the row spacing of 12 cm;
(8) filling nutrient soil around each container seedling of the original seedbed and the new seedbed to be level with the cup mouth, taking soil to protect the slope and opening a drainage ditch;
(9) repeating the step (6) for 3-5 months and 4-7 months of the second year;
(10) and taking seedlings for afforestation from 11 months of the second year to 3 months of the third year.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams of three-year-old container seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation method, and the technical parameters of the three-year-old container seedlings can reach the following indexes:
the ground diameter is more than or equal to 0.8 cm;
the number of lateral branches is more than or equal to 6;
the height of the seedling is more than or equal to 60 cm;
the crown is more than or equal to 25 cm;
compared with the seedling growing in two years, the seedling growing method of the invention has the advantages that: the method has no seedling revival stage during afforestation on the mountains, high survival rate and quick growth vigor, and can realize the early benefit effect after afforestation.
Example 2, the same method as that described in example 1 was used in this example, except that the nutrient soil consisted of 10% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 84% loess.
Example 3 this example used the same method as described in example 1, except that the nutrient soil comprised 11% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate, and 83% loess.
Example 4 this example used the same method as described in example 1, except that the nutrient soil comprised 12% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate, and 82% loess.
Example 5 this example used the same method as described in example 1, except that the nutrient soil comprised 13% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 81% loess.
Example 6, the same method as that described in example 1 was used in this example, except that the nutrient soil consisted of 14% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 80% loess.
Example 7 the same procedure as in example 1 was followed except that the nutrient soil consisted of 15% fermented organic fertilizer, 5% pine bark and sawdust mixture, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 79% loess.
The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed as the preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention and make various extensions and changes without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating three-year-old container large seedlings of oil tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) filling a bottom non-woven cloth bag with nutrient soil to form container cup bodies which are arranged on the seedbed;
(2) before planting, rain is drenched or watering is drenched thoroughly for many times, and then a planting cone is inserted into a hole at the bottom part at the central point of the cup body of the container;
(3) inserting annual bare-rooted seedlings stuck with slurry into the cavity of the container and sealing holes on the outer side of the cup body by using a seedling planting cone in the 11 th month to 1 st month of the next year;
(4) after the seedling planting is finished, soil is taken from the periphery of the seedbed to protect the slope;
(5) broadcasting compound fertilizer in 3-5 months of the first year; spraying insecticide and bactericide in 4-7 months;
(6) in 12 months of the first year, taking out the container seedlings at intervals, and arranging the seedlings on a newly prepared seedbed at intervals of row spacing;
(7) filling nutrient soil around each container seedling of the original seedbed and the new seedbed to be level with the cup mouth, taking soil to protect the slope and opening a drainage ditch;
(8) repeating the step (5) in 3-5 months and 4-7 months of the second year;
(9) and taking seedlings from 11 months of the second year to 3 months of the third year.
2. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the nutrient soil comprises, by weight, 10-15% of fermented organic fertilizer, 5% of a mixture of pine bark and sawdust, 1% of calcium magnesium phosphate and 79-84% of loess.
3. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), when annual bare-rooted seedlings are inserted into the container, the grafting opening is positioned in the middle of the cup body, and the planting awl is used for extruding the outer edge of the cup body to complete hole sealing of the cup body.
4. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), 15 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer is respectively broadcast and applied in 3 months and 5 months.
5. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) spraying the insecticide and the bactericide in the months of 4 and 7 respectively.
6. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), the row spacing of the plants is 24 cm.
7. The camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (7), the nursery main ditch of the drainage ditch is 20 cm lower than the seedbed, and the side ditch of the seedbed is 10 cm lower than the seedbed.
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| CN202110935363.4A CN113796250A (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | Camellia oleifera three-year-old container large seedling cultivation method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104221725A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Cultivation method for big and strong oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings |
| CN105294277A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 贺友德 | Light matrix formula for camellia oleifera seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN106577150A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-04-26 | 管天球 | Cultivation method of dry land oil-tea big seedlings |
| CN111837783A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia oleifera large cup seedling cultivation method |
-
2021
- 2021-08-16 CN CN202110935363.4A patent/CN113796250A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104221725A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Cultivation method for big and strong oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings |
| CN105294277A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 贺友德 | Light matrix formula for camellia oleifera seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN106577150A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-04-26 | 管天球 | Cultivation method of dry land oil-tea big seedlings |
| CN111837783A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia oleifera large cup seedling cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨祖达: "《园林实践简明教程》", 31 August 2008, 华中师范大学出版社 * |
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