CN105493878A - Oil-tea camellia improved-variety light medium container seedling cultivating method - Google Patents
Oil-tea camellia improved-variety light medium container seedling cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105493878A CN105493878A CN201610042998.0A CN201610042998A CN105493878A CN 105493878 A CN105493878 A CN 105493878A CN 201610042998 A CN201610042998 A CN 201610042998A CN 105493878 A CN105493878 A CN 105493878A
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- nursery stock
- light media
- seedling
- media container
- seedlings
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
Abstract
The invention provides an oil-tea camellia improved-variety light medium container seedling cultivating method and belongs to the field of oil-tea camellia seedling cultivation. The method includes the steps of seedbed selection; seed treatment; soil preparation, shed erecting and light medium container placing; seedling rootstock grafting and transplanting; film uncovering and unwanted sprout removing treatment; seedling classification; seedling bed splicing; water, fertilizer and disease and pest management; outplanting. According to seedling bed splicing, light medium containers containing tea seedlings are ranked side by side, one seedling is arranged in each row, the rows are perpendicular to long compartments, the interval between the light medium containers in the rows is two times of the diameter of the light medium containers, and the portions between the light medium containers in the rows are filled with rice hulls or wood bits till the portions are flush with the height of the seedling containers. The method has the advantages that oil-tea camellia improved-variety big seedlings and strong seedlings with rich root systems are cultivated, the outplanting quality of the seedlings is improved, the outplanting rate of the seedlings is increased, the survival rate generated when the seedlings are transplanted is guaranteed, and the rejuvenation period is also relieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea cultivating seedlings, particularly relate to seedbed and the nursery of the nursery of a kind of oil tea Light media.
Background technology
Oil tea (CamelliaoleiferaAbel) integrates traditional oil tree that is economic, ecological and social benefit, relate to the great livelihood issues such as national grain and oil safety, energy security, ecological safety and people's health, be subject to the great attention of governments at all levels.
Light media container nursery adopts light soil-less matrix to be culturing raw material, adopting the natural fiber material of easily degraded to make mesh bag is container material, utilizing container formation equipment that Light media mechanization is added installs in material mesh bag container, be processed into nutrition section and be placed in nursery railway carriage or compartment bed, utilize cuttage or sowing means to carry out a kind of Novel seedling raising technology of forest fast breeding.Compared with traditional seedling raising manners, have that root growth is good, seedling is fast, it is neat to emerge, be convenient to transport, the advantage such as transplanting survival rate is high, environmental protection.But it has a weakness, reach national oil tea Seedling Criterion one-level (through 0.4 centimetre, height more than 25 centimetres) ratio exactly lower than 50%, reach secondary (through 0.25 centimetre, height more than 25 centimetres) less than 90%.
But it is general and serious problem during oil tea produces that Light media newly plants seedlings withered in a large number, and oil tea planting survival rate of going up a hill is always very low.Except only a few oil tea garden is under the guidance of professional, planting survival rate can reach 80% with upper outside, most planting survival rate about 50%, minority at about 30%-40%, have even below 20%.
Planting survival rate is low directly causes huge direct economic loss not only to numerous self-employed tree cultivators and the producer; Simultaneously nursery stock after-culture and nursery stock rank is low adds management cost, extends the time that oil tea enters high yield period; In addition, when oil tea nursery stock deficiency at that time, the development speed that oil tea produces also is had influence on widely.Therefore, oil tea newly plant seedlings planting survival rate low be one piece of worry of self-employed tree cultivator always, how to avoid oil tea planting nursery stock in a large number withered, guarantee oil tea planting survival rate, that improves nursery stock goes out garden standard, cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, shortening oil tea to bear fruit the production cycle, is that current oil tea produces problem anxious to be resolved.
In order to planting survival rate, most of tea grower carries out transplanting in strong sprout, Light media nursery is moved on to large bed and cultivates, and such oil tea in process of production root system enters in soil, and needing to cut part when again transplanting, to be completely cured be that impact survives, and produce seedling-slowing stage.
China's publication number is CN103477818A, invention is a kind of patent application of oil tea method for cultivating seedlings, disclose and container seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops and carries out " bareroot seedling " thin planting and cultivate, the nursery stock more serious to dehydration in transport is taked " high standard is heeled in ", namely use fine earth buried, sun-proof grade of sheltering from heat or light measure, can heel in a period of time and recover seedling vigor under the condition of convenient management, plants subsequently and is equivalent to the level of " existing cultivation ".This patent does not also solve the problems of the technologies described above.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and a kind ofly produce Light media strong sprout, method that oil tea planting survival rate is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of oil tea breeding Light media container seedling culture method, comprises step:
→ Nurse seed grafting put by seedbed selection → seed treatment → put up a shed, Light media container wholely, film of planting → take off, spell bed → rich water, pest management → go out garden except sprouting management → seedling sorting → nursery stock;
Above-mentioned nursery stock is spelled bed and refers to: carry out spelling bed to the tea shoot of grafting survival by strain classification, when spelling bed, the Light media container that tea shoot is housed is lined up side by side, often row is single arrangement, arrange vertical with long railway carriage or compartment, between the Light media container of row and row, spacing is the twice of Light media container diameter, fills, be filled to nursery stock container height equal between the Light media container of row and row with rice husk or wood chip.
Further, spacing between rows and rows is 12 centimetres, the wide 1.20M in seedbed.
Further, above-mentioned seedbed is well-drained nonirrigated farmland, and soil property is sandy loam matter, and supporting sprinkling irrigation system is irrigated.
Further, above-mentioned oil tea Light media container seedling culture method, the described nursery stock being classified as grafting survival will carry out by the end of October, to spell before bed nursery stock by being highly divided into 4 specification grades, one-level is highly be greater than 10 centimetres, secondary height is 7-10 centimetre, and three grades of height are 4-7 centimetre, and level Four is tooth one leaf to 4 centimetre.
Further, carry out pinching to the tender tip of nursery stock in management to pinch as carrying out after the summer shoot lignification of nursery stock Second Year.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: annual Light media seedling is transplanted seedlings on this seedbed, and such main root can not be pricked the soil body and go, going out garden is that root system is abundant and complete; The interval distance increased between nursery stock is conducive to the growth of nursery stock ventilation and penetrating light, is conducive to cultivating large seedling, strong sprout; Filling with the Light media of ventilation to keep the air of Light media to be completely cured principle, early stage (spring and summer phase) root system in seedbed is made to control in container, prevent from visiting root between nursery stock simultaneously, and the later stage (mainly autumn) simultaneously Light media become thoroughly decomposed and can promote the growth of bottom fibrous root, a large amount of fibrous roots is formed, for transplant survival performs material base in the Light media in container inside and outside portion; This seedbed can repeatedly reuse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the generalized section in seedbed of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be seedbed of the present invention floor map;
Fig. 3 is the generalized section in nursery of the present invention;
Fig. 4 be nursery of the present invention floor map;
Fig. 5 is the tea shoot in 2 years life seedbeds of the present invention and common tea shoot contrast figure;
Fig. 6 is the tea shoot in 2 years life seedbeds of the present invention and the root system contrast figure of common tea shoot.
1-Light media container; 2-tea shoot; 3-soil; 4-rice husk or wood chip; 5-sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head; 6-irrigation pipe; 7-road; 8-seedbed.
Embodiment
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, tea shoot 2 kinds is planted in Light media container 1, seedbed width 1.20M, and the Light media container 1 that tea shoot 2 is housed is lined up side by side, and the distance often between row is 0.12M; Often row is single arrangement, arranges vertical with long railway carriage or compartment, and between the Light media container 1 of row and row, spacing is 12 centimetres, fills, be filled to nursery stock container height equal between the Light media container 1 of row and row with rice husk or wood chip 4.
Well-drained nonirrigated farmland is preferably selected in nursery plot, and soil property is sandy loam matter, and the height of soil 3 is not less than 20cm.
See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, multiple seedbed constitutes nursery, and nursery is generally a unit with five thinning bedside degree arranged side by side.Road 7 is staggered between seedbed.By-path (longitudinal road) wide 0.50M between seedbed, main stem (horizontal road) the wide 2.60M between seedbed, two sides in nursery are provided with sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head 5, and the every 6.360M of sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head 5 is interval, and any one end in nursery is provided with the irrigation pipe 6 be connected with sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head 5.
See the 2 years raw tea shoots being 1. the growth of common bed seedling, be 2. the tea shoot of the present invention's life in 2 years in figure in Fig. 5, figure.
See the root system being 1. 2 years raw tea shoots that common bed seedling grows, be 2. the root system of the tea shoot of the present invention's life in 2 years in figure in Fig. 6, figure.
Particularly, oil tea breeding Light media container seedling culture method, comprises key step: nursery plot selection → seed treatment → put up a shed, Light media container put → Nurse seed grafting wholely, plant → take off film except management → classification → spelling bed → rich water, the pest management → go out garden such as sprouting.
Classification process is carried out after being branched away by strain by annual Light media container tea shoot after grafting survival, nursery stock is by being highly divided into 4 specification grades, one-level is highly be greater than 10 centimetres, and secondary height is 7-10 centimetre, three grades of height are 4-7 centimetre, and level Four is tooth one leaf to 4 centimetre.
Light media tea shoot after classification spells bed by strain peer, and put on same seedbed by identical for size strain tea shoot, classification is conducive to the growth neat and consistent of nursery stock; When spelling bed, carry out whole railway carriage or compartment by same size and put, when putting, often row is single arrangement, arranges vertical with long railway carriage or compartment, and between the Light media container 1 of row and row, spacing is 12 centimetres, fill with rice husk or wood chip 3 between the Light media container 1 of row and row, be filled to nursery stock container height equal; Sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head 5 is for watering tea shoot.Seedbed is tamped.
Rich water, plant disease management.Fertilising.1. base manure, before nursery stock spells bed, mu 150 kilograms of biological organic fertilizers evenly spread fertilizer over the fields face, railway carriage or compartment, every railway carriage or compartment; 2. topdress, season in spring and summer autumn three, in conjunction with three the every minor tick 7-10 days of 7-10 natural gift before the rudiment of tea shoot different lines, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields face, railway carriage or compartment by with mu 4-6 kilogram urea, has spread rear combination irrigation and has sprayed to nursery stock, sprinkling irrigation is watered seedbed but is not irrigated, and prevents fertilizer loss; 3. foliage spray, after nursery stock spring, summer all taking out the tip, carries out the foliage-spray of 2-3 time by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% concentration, take out the foliage-spray that tip potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% concentration carries out 4-6 time autumn, to stopping by the end of September.Disease control, be mainly carbon jaundice disease, from May, every two weeks 75% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid or 5% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid spray once every two weeks, seedbed goes out garden when within 2 years, re-using after raw tea shoot every year, within first 10 days, carries out disinfection to seedbed with quicklime spelling bed nursery stock.
Spell bed Light media seedling to transplant seedlings, main root can not be pricked the soil body and go, going out garden is that root system is complete, the interval distance increased between nursery stock is conducive to the growth of nursery stock ventilation and penetrating light, filling with the Light media of ventilation to keep the air of Light media to be completely cured principle, early stage (spring and summer phase) root system in seedbed is made to control in container, prevent from visiting root between nursery stock simultaneously, and the later stage (mainly autumn) simultaneously Light media become thoroughly decomposed and can promote the growth of bottom fibrous root, a large amount of fibrous roots is formed, for transplant survival performs material base in the Light media in container inside and outside portion; This seedbed can repeatedly reuse.
Carry out pinching to the tender tip of nursery stock in management to pinch as after the summer shoot lignification of nursery stock Second Year, (before autumn growth is sprouted) carries out.
Pinching is pinched can increase the branch progression of nursery stock.Country's oil tea Seedling Criterion is: one-level, 0.4 centimetre, ground, height 25 centimetres; Secondary, 0.25 centimetre, ground, height 25 centimetres.By this method nursery stock through 0.6 centimetre, height 40 centimetres, and have the ratio of the branch of more than secondary to reach 80%, one-level seedling ratio reaches 100%, and root system enriches, be 2-4 times of common nursery, such seedlings, strong sprout transplant, can planting survival rate be improved, shorten the time that oil tea enters high yield period.
Claims (6)
1. an oil tea breeding Light media container seedling culture method, is characterized in that, comprise step:
→ Nurse seed grafting put by seedbed selection → seed treatment → put up a shed, Light media container wholely, film of planting → take off, spell bed → rich water, pest management → go out garden except sprouting management → seedling sorting → nursery stock;
Described nursery stock is spelled bed and refers to: the Light media container that tea shoot is housed is lined up side by side, often row is single arrangement, arrange vertical with long railway carriage or compartment, between the Light media container of row and row, spacing is the twice of Light media container diameter, fill with rice husk or wood chip between the Light media container of row and row, be filled to nursery stock container height equal.
2. oil tea Light media container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, spacing between rows and rows is 12 centimetres, the wide 1.20M in described seedbed, and compacting process is carried out in seedbed.
3. oil tea Light media container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, described seedbed is well-drained nonirrigated farmland, and soil property is sandy loam matter, and supporting sprinkling irrigation system is irrigated.
4. oil tea Light media container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the described container nursery stock being classified as grafting survival will carry out by the end of October, to spell before bed container nursery stock by being highly divided into 4 specification grades, one-level is highly be greater than 10 centimetres, secondary height is 7-10 centimetre, and three grades of height are 4-7 centimetre, and level Four is tooth one leaf to 4 centimetre.
5. oil tea Light media container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, strengthens rich water quality management, carries out pinching pinch as carrying out after the summer shoot lignification of nursery stock Second Year in management to the tender tip of nursery stock.
6. oil tea Light media container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described reinforcement rich water quality management is: 1. base manure, and before nursery stock spells bed, mu 150 kilograms of biological organic fertilizers evenly spread fertilizer over the fields face, railway carriage or compartment, every railway carriage or compartment;
2. topdress, season in spring and summer autumn three, in conjunction with three the every minor tick 7-10 days of 7-10 natural gift before the rudiment of tea shoot different lines, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields face, railway carriage or compartment by with mu 4-6 kilogram urea, has spread rear combination irrigation and has sprayed to nursery stock, sprinkling irrigation is watered seedbed but is not irrigated, and prevents fertilizer loss;
3. foliage spray, after nursery stock spring, summer all taking out the tip, carries out the foliage-spray of 2-3 time by potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% concentration, take out the foliage-spray that tip potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% concentration carries out 4-6 time autumn, to stopping by the end of September.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610042998.0A CN105493878A (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Oil-tea camellia improved-variety light medium container seedling cultivating method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610042998.0A CN105493878A (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Oil-tea camellia improved-variety light medium container seedling cultivating method |
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| CN105493878A true CN105493878A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718471A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of teak high-quality cultivation of container seedling method |
| CN109005734A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | A kind of method of Seed of Camellia oleifera sawdust vernalization |
| CN109618800A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-16 | 张龙成 | A kind of biennial oil tea Light media method for culturing seedlings |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100998300A (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2007-07-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Light-wt. material net-bag type container package system |
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2016
- 2016-01-22 CN CN201610042998.0A patent/CN105493878A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100998300A (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2007-07-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Light-wt. material net-bag type container package system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 钟秋平等: "《油茶良种繁育》", 31 July 2010 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718471A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of teak high-quality cultivation of container seedling method |
| CN109005734A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | A kind of method of Seed of Camellia oleifera sawdust vernalization |
| CN109618800A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-16 | 张龙成 | A kind of biennial oil tea Light media method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109618800B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-07-02 | 张龙成 | Light medium seedling culture method for two-year-old camellia oleifera |
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Application publication date: 20160420 |