CN113748941A - Method for improving selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing phyllotreta striolata - Google Patents
Method for improving selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing phyllotreta striolata Download PDFInfo
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- CN113748941A CN113748941A CN202111228077.0A CN202111228077A CN113748941A CN 113748941 A CN113748941 A CN 113748941A CN 202111228077 A CN202111228077 A CN 202111228077A CN 113748941 A CN113748941 A CN 113748941A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving selenium content of cabbages and preventing and controlling phyllotreta striolata, which comprises the following steps of soil selection, land preparation, base fertilizer application, thinning and final singling, weeding, water and fertilizer management and harvesting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for improving selenium content in flowering cabbage and preventing phyllotreta striolata.
Background
Selenium is one of trace elements necessary for human bodies, is closely related to the health of people, has the effects of resisting cancer, delaying senescence, detoxifying and the like, is easy to cause cardiovascular diseases, Kashin-Beck disease and keshan disease of people due to selenium deficiency, has more and more importance on selenium nutrition in recent years, and is supplemented with selenium in various ways, so that the inorganic selenium is low in absorption and conversion rate and also can cause harm to the health of the people due to narrow safe dose range, and researches show that selenium supplement is one of the most safe and effective selenium supplement ways by eating selenium-enriched food.
The flowering cabbage is one of the most popular green leaf vegetables, and is widely cultivated all over the country, particularly in the south China with the largest cultivation area and consumption. The selenium supplement through eating the selenium-rich Chinese flowering cabbage is one of effective ways for preventing the selenium deficiency of the human body. However, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the production process of the cabbage heart is serious, particularly, the strong drug resistance of phyllotreta striolata is the greatest difficulty in prevention and treatment, if the novel method which can improve the selenium content of the cabbage heart and can effectively prevent and treat the phyllotreta striolata of the cabbage heart can be invented, the method plays a positive promoting role in promoting the development of the cabbage heart industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for improving the selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing phyllotreta striolata.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil, namely selecting soil with irrigation conditions, good drainage, flat terrain, high organic matter content and good air permeability;
step two: preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, cultivating when the soil water content is low, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer such as decomposed chicken manure and pig manure, spreading base fertilizer, ploughing and breaking soil, and ditching and raising according to the width of the furrow surface of 1.5-1.8 m, the height of the furrow of 0.3 m and the width of the furrow of 0.3 m;
step three: sowing, namely sowing seeds and medium and early maturing flowering cabbage, directly sowing the medium and early maturing flowering cabbage, and sowing seeds with the seed consumption of 600 grams per mu and 800 grams per mu;
step four: thinning and final singling, wherein the early-maturing variety is final singling according to the plant spacing of 8-10 cm, and 30000 and 32000 plants are left in each mu of seedlings; setting seedlings of the medium-maturing variety according to the plant spacing of 10-12 cm, and reserving 24000 and 26000 seedlings per mu;
step five: weeding, and spraying 10.8 percent of haloxyfop-R-methyl of 1500 times of liquid for 1 time when the emergence of the weeds grows to about 5 cm 10 to 12 days after sowing;
step six: managing water and fertilizer, wherein root systems of the flowering Chinese cabbage are shallow, are not drought-tolerant, have high requirements on water conditions, and spray water for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in sunny days to ensure that the soil is moist, and timely drain water and prevent waterlogging in rainy seasons;
step seven: pest control, wherein during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out on soft rot, anthracnose, virus diseases, downy mildew, black rot and leaf spot, and during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out in a chassis for aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamond back moths, liriomyza sativae and phyllotreta striolata;
step eight: harvesting, wherein generally only the main bolt is harvested for the early-maturing flowering cabbage variety, 1-3 leaves are reserved from the plant base to cut off the flowering stalk, and 4-5 leaves are reserved from the late-maturing variety to cut off the flowering stalk.
Preferably, in the first step, the selenium content of the soil is more than 0.2mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 6-7.
Preferably, in the second step, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizers such as decomposed chicken manure and pig manure is 1500-2000 kg per mu, the base fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O-15: 15:15 long-acting compound fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is 30 kg per mu.
Preferably, in the third step, the cabbage seed and the fine sand are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 when the seeds are sowed, and then the seeds are uniformly sowed.
Preferably, in the fourth step, thinning and final singling are carried out when the cabbage heart seedlings have the characteristics of 3 leaves and 1 heart.
Preferably, in the sixth step, when the flowering cabbage has the characteristics of the 2 nd leaf and the 1 st heart, topdressing is carried out in time, 5 kilograms of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O to 25 to 10 to 20 is topdressed per mu, and water is sprayed according to the concentration of 0.5 percent; when the flowering cabbage has the characteristics of 5 leaves and 1 heart, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O to 20 to 10 to 15 is broadcast to each mu, and watering is carried out timely after fertilization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for improving the selenium content of the cabbages and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata simultaneously, diseases and insect pests such as phyllotreta striolata, liriomyza sativae, cabbage caterpillars, plutella xylostella, aphids, leaf spot, black rot, downy mildew, virus diseases, anthracnose, soft rot and the like can be controlled in the planting process of the cabbages, especially the phyllotreta striolata is prevented and treated, a big problem in the planting process of the cabbages is solved, the selenium content of the cabbages is also improved, and the method plays a positive promoting role in promoting the development of the cabbages industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides the following embodiments:
a method for improving selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil, namely selecting soil with irrigation conditions, good drainage, flat terrain, high organic matter content and good air permeability, wherein the selenium content of the soil is more than 0.2mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 6-7;
step two: preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, cultivating when the water content of soil is low, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer such as decomposed chicken manure and pig manure with the amount of 2000 kilograms per mu, and spreading the base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is N, P2O5, K2O, 15:15: 15:15 long-acting compound fertilizer with the amount of 30 kilograms per mu, ditching and raising the furrow according to the width of the furrow surface of 1.5-1.8 meters, the height of the furrow of 0.3 meter and the width of the furrow of 0.3 meter after ploughing and breaking soil;
step three: sowing, coating seeds before sowing, wherein the formula of the coating agent is 100 g of 10% bromofenoxanil fluorobenzamide suspending agent, 5 g of sodium selenite, 200 g of 25% thiamethoxam water powder, 200 g of 20% dinotefuran soluble granules, 250 g of 99% kasugamycin technical and 50 g of 98% azoxystrobin technical;
preparing glutinous rice paste, mixing and stirring glutinous rice powder and water uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, boiling with slow fire while stirring until the glutinous rice powder and the water are boiled into a lake shape, cooling for later use, mixing and stirring the cooled glutinous rice paste and a coating agent uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a coating agent, wherein the components of the coating agent before mixing are 100 g of 10% bromobenflumizone bisamide suspending agent, 5 g of sodium selenite, 200 g of 25% thiamethoxam water powder, 200 g of 20% dinotefuran soluble granules, 250 g of 99% kasugamycin original drug and 50 g of 98% azoxystrobin original drug;
uniformly mixing the cabbage seed and a coating agent according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, adding a proper amount of dry cassava starch, stirring until the agglomerated seed is dispersed so as to facilitate the sowing of the cabbage, and spraying 1 time of 5 milligram liters of sodium selenite solution and 60 milligram liters of bromofenoxaprop-bene bisamide solution on each leaf surface when 5 leaves and 1 heart and 10 leaves and 1 heart of the cabbage;
seeds and medium-early-maturing flowering cabbage can be used for sowing, the medium-early-maturing flowering cabbage is directly sown, the seed amount used per mu during seed sowing is 800 grams, the flowering cabbage seeds and the fine sand are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 during seed sowing, and then uniform sowing is carried out;
step four: thinning and final singling, thinning and final singling are carried out when the flowering cabbage seedlings have the characteristics of 3 leaves and 1 heart, the early maturing variety is final singling according to the plant spacing of 8-10 cm, and 30000 plus 32000 plants are left in each mu of seedlings; setting seedlings of the medium-maturing variety according to the plant spacing of 10-12 cm, and reserving 24000 and 26000 seedlings per mu;
step five: weeding, and spraying 10.8 percent of haloxyfop-R-methyl of 1500 times of liquid for 1 time when the emergence of the weeds grows to about 5 cm 10 to 12 days after sowing;
step six: managing water and fertilizer, wherein root systems of the flowering Chinese cabbage are shallow, are not drought-resistant and have high requirements on water conditions, water is sprayed for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in sunny days to ensure that soil is moist, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to in rainy seasons, top dressing is carried out in time when the flowering Chinese cabbage has the characteristic of the 2 nd leaf 1, and 5 kilograms of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N, P2O5, K2O being 25, 10, 20 is applied to water in a spraying manner according to the concentration of 0.5 percent; when the flowering cabbage has the characteristics of 5 leaves and 1 heart, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O to 20 to 10 to 15 is broadcast per mu, and watering is carried out in time after fertilization;
step seven: pest control, wherein during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out on soft rot, anthracnose, virus diseases, downy mildew, black rot and leaf spot, and during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out in a chassis for aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamond back moths, liriomyza sativae and phyllotreta striolata;
the soft rot control is mainly based on crop rotation control, and the control is carried out by spraying 600-1000 times of 20% thiamethoxam suspending agent, 3000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin liquid, 500-600 times of 33.5% oxine-copper, or 77% wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid, or 47% kasugao, copper oxychloride 600 times of liquid, or 2% kasugamycin 500 ion 600 times of liquid at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time and continuously spraying for 2-3 times at the initial stage of disease attack;
the anthrax prevention and treatment method can be carried out by spraying 45% of 1000-fold liquid of Sphinger, or 600-700-fold liquid of 80% of mancozeb wettable powder, or 600-800-fold liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, or 500-700-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 3000-6000-fold liquid of 10% shigao dispersible granules, or 20% of azoxystrobin and 12.5% of difenoconazole 1500-fold liquid of 2000-fold, or 25% of pyraclostrobin 1500-fold liquid of 2000-fold, and the like at intervals of 7-10 days for 2-3 times
Virus disease prevention and control, select antiviral variety, with strengthening pest prevention and control such as aphid, thrips, etc. mainly, the initial stage of onset, the seed is disinfected, the initial stage of onset can use 1000 times of liquid of 30% dufulin, 800 times of liquid of 5% amino-oligosaccharin, 6% oligosaccharin wettable powder 1500 times of liquid, etc. to spray, about 1 time every 7 days, consecutive 3-4 times;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) preventing and treating downy mildew, wherein a 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, or 80% dimethomorph 2000 times liquid, or 67.5% fluorine bacterium-propamocarb 600 times liquid can be sprayed at the early stage of the disease; or 72% of cymoxanil and manganese zinc wettable powder, or 52.5% of famoxadone and cymoxanil 1500-2000 times of liquid, and 10% of fluorothiazole pyriproxyfen dispersible oil suspending agent 1500-2000 times of liquid, wherein the pesticide is sprayed once in 7-10 days generally, and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times according to the state of illness, and the pesticide is applied alternately;
for the prevention and treatment of black rot, 72 percent agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder of 3000 times liquid 2000, 47 percent copper carbonate 500 and 600 times liquid, 50 percent amobam aqueous solution of 800 and 1000 times liquid and the like can be used for spraying;
for the prevention and treatment of leaf spot, 1500 times of liquid of 1000-fold quick-acting 50% wettable powder, 800 times of liquid of 700-fold quick-acting 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 600-700 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid of 800-fold quick-acting 50% wettable powder, 600 times of liquid of 500-fold quick-acting 50% wettable powder, 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules and the like can be selected, and the pesticide is sprayed for 2-3 times at intervals of 7 days and 1 time;
aphid prevention and control, wherein 25% buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid is sprayed in the seedling stage for prevention, and 10% imidacloprid 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid, or 5% acetamiprid missible oil 1000-fold 1200-fold liquid, or 7.5% biphenyl acetamiprid missible oil 800-fold 1000-fold liquid, or 22.4% spirotetramat 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid can be sprayed in the initial stage of insect pest occurrence;
for the control of cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths, 5.7 percent 4000-fold liquid of emamectin benzoate, 10 percent 1500-fold liquid of chlorfenapyr, 15 percent 1500-fold liquid of indoxacarb suspending agent, 24 percent 1500-fold liquid of methoxyfenozide, 5 percent 1200-fold liquid of lufenuron emulsifiable concentrate, or 10 percent 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid of bromofenoxanil suspending agent, or 3000-4000-fold liquid of 20 percent chlorantraniliprole suspending agent can be sprayed;
the method can be used for controlling liriomyza sativae, and can be implemented by spraying 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution and 1500-2000 times of liquid or 20% of cyromazine 800-;
the phyllotreta striolata is prevented and treated by adopting paddy and upland rotation, 2 kilograms of 50 percent phoxim granules can be applied to the land per mu, and 1500 times of liquid of 25 percent buprofezin wettable powder is sprayed in the seedling stage, or 2000 times of liquid of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil, or 3000 times of liquid of 20 percent biphenyl acetamiprid, 1000 times of liquid of acetamiprid, and 2000 times of liquid of spirotetramat and 17 percent fluopicolide 2000, and the liquid is sprayed;
step eight: harvesting, wherein generally only the main bolt is harvested for the early-maturing flowering cabbage variety, 1-3 leaves are reserved from the plant base to cut off the flowering stalk, and 4-5 leaves are reserved from the late-maturing variety to cut off the flowering stalk.
Experimental data:
the following experimental data show the effects of different treatments on the control effects of cabbage soft rot and phyllotreta striolata as well as the yield and selenium content:
although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving selenium content in cabbage heart and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil, namely selecting soil with irrigation conditions, good drainage, flat terrain, high organic matter content and good air permeability;
step two: preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, cultivating when the soil water content is low, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer such as decomposed chicken manure and pig manure, spreading base fertilizer, ploughing and breaking soil, and ditching and raising according to the width of the furrow surface of 1.5-1.8 m, the height of the furrow of 0.3 m and the width of the furrow of 0.3 m;
step three: sowing, namely sowing seeds and medium and early maturing flowering cabbage, directly sowing the medium and early maturing flowering cabbage, and sowing seeds with the seed consumption of 600 grams per mu and 800 grams per mu;
step four: thinning and final singling, wherein the early-maturing variety is final singling according to the plant spacing of 8-10 cm, and 30000 and 32000 plants are left in each mu of seedlings; setting seedlings of the medium-maturing variety according to the plant spacing of 10-12 cm, and reserving 24000 and 26000 seedlings per mu;
step five: weeding, and spraying 10.8 percent of haloxyfop-R-methyl of 1500 times of liquid for 1 time when the emergence of the weeds grows to about 5 cm 10 to 12 days after sowing;
step six: managing water and fertilizer, wherein root systems of the flowering Chinese cabbage are shallow, are not drought-tolerant, have high requirements on water conditions, and spray water for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in sunny days to ensure that the soil is moist, and timely drain water and prevent waterlogging in rainy seasons;
step seven: pest control, wherein during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out on soft rot, anthracnose, virus diseases, downy mildew, black rot and leaf spot, and during the pest control, corresponding treatment is carried out in a chassis for aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamond back moths, liriomyza sativae and phyllotreta striolata;
step eight: harvesting, wherein generally only the main bolt is harvested for the early-maturing flowering cabbage variety, 1-3 leaves are reserved from the plant base to cut off the flowering stalk, and 4-5 leaves are reserved from the late-maturing variety to cut off the flowering stalk.
2. The method for increasing the selenium content in cabbage and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the selenium content of the soil is more than 0.2mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 6-7.
3. The method for increasing the selenium content in cabbage and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizers such as decomposed chicken manure and pig manure is 1500-2000 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O-15: 15:15 long-acting compound fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is 30 kg/mu.
4. The method for increasing the selenium content in cabbage and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, when sowing seeds, the flowering cabbage seeds and the fine sand are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, and then the seeds are uniformly sown.
5. The method for increasing the selenium content in cabbage and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, thinning and final singling are carried out when the cabbage heart seedlings have the characteristics of 3 leaves and 1 heart.
6. The method for increasing the selenium content in cabbage and preventing and treating phyllotreta striolata as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the sixth step, topdressing is carried out in time when the flowering cabbage has the characteristics of the 2 nd leaf and the 1 st heart, 5 kilograms of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N, P2O5, K2O to 25, 10, 20 is topdressed in each mu of land, and water is sprayed according to the concentration of 0.5 percent; when the flowering cabbage has the characteristics of 5 leaves and 1 heart, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the nutrient ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O to 20 to 10 to 15 is broadcast to each mu, and watering is carried out timely after fertilization.
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