CN113748858A - Grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses, belonging to the technical field of garden cultivation and comprising the following steps: planting multiflora rose, rosa pulchra and white jade hall as rootstocks; selecting large flower tea fragrance series China rose and full flower China rose series for centralized planting as scions; grafting the stock and the scion; after grafting, binding and fixing by adopting a grafting belt, binding tightly by using a binding belt from bottom to top, sealing the interface and the scion, and only leaving the exposed scion; and (4) planting the grafted Chinese roses, and watering the root fixing water thoroughly after planting. The invention grafts the China roses of different colors to the same China rose tree to form a multi-color China rose tree, and the China rose tree has the advantages of rich flower fragrance, long flowering phase, various colors and high grafting survival rate.

Description

Grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses, belonging to the technical field of garden cultivation.

Background

A dendriform Chinese rose is also called a Chinese rose tree, and is a novel Chinese rose type produced by a vertical trunk through a gardening means. The Chinese rose is called queen in the flower, is evergreen, semi-evergreen and short shrub and blooms in four seasons. The tree-shaped Chinese rose has good ornamental effect, unique shape, nobility, elegance and distinct layers, and is novel in visual effect; the shapes are various, such as spherical, sector, waterfall, miniature and the like; the advantages of thick flower fragrance, long flowering period, various flower colors and the like of common Chinese roses are kept, and the Chinese rose is more novel, more expensive and more hot, so that the Chinese rose has higher aesthetic value. The existing dendriform China rose is single-color, single in color, short in flowering phase and low in ornamental value, and the existing grafting method is not easy to survive.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-color tree-shaped Chinese rose grafting method, wherein the multi-color Chinese rose trees are formed by grafting Chinese roses of different colors onto the same Chinese rose tree, and the multi-color Chinese rose trees have the advantages of strong flower fragrance, long flowering phase, various colors and high grafting survival rate.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for grafting multi-color dendriform China roses, which comprises the following steps:

planting Rosa multiflora, Rosa fargesii and Begonia albuginea as stock, pinching at 1.5 m height, leaving 3-5 new shoots as branches, and removing all the rest sprouts;

selecting large flower tea fragrance series China rose and full flower China rose series for centralized planting as scions;

preparing scions, selecting robust and disease-free branches for the scions, reserving 2-3 full bud points for each section of the scions, cutting off the upper ends of the bud points at a position of 0.5 cm, cutting a long cut surface with the length of 2-3 cm on the lower part of each scion by using a cutter to ensure that the cut surface is straight, and cutting a vertical cut with the length of 2-3 cm downwards on the top end of the cut surface, wherein the length of the cut is as long as that of the long cut surface;

a knife is used for obliquely cutting downwards at the grafting part of the rootstock, an oblique angle of 45 degrees is formed between a notch and the rootstock, the depth reaches 1/3 or 1/2 of xylem according to the size of the rootstock, and then the phloem outside the notch is cut off to expose a cambium, wherein the length is 2-3 cm;

inserting the long cutting surface of the scion towards the inner side of the stock, inserting the vertical cut into the outer side of the cut of the stock, and inserting the scion to the bottom to ensure cambium alignment;

an included angle between the stock and the scion is filled after being wetted by the fine soil sterilized by potassium permanganate and then is tightly wrapped by a grafting belt;

after grafting, binding and fixing by adopting a grafting belt, binding tightly by using a binding belt from bottom to top, sealing the interface and the scion, and only leaving the exposed scion;

and (4) planting the grafted Chinese roses, and watering the root fixing water thoroughly after planting.

Preferably, the width of the nursery ridge of the stock is 3 meters, the breast diameter of the stock is 2-3 cm, and the row spacing of the stocks is 200 cm.

Preferably, the cutting orchard is 3 m wide, and the row spacing of each plant is 40 cm.

Preferably, bagging and heat preservation are carried out during winter grafting.

Preferably, before planting, deeply applying decomposed organic fertilizer, usually performing topdressing, wherein the topdressing mainly uses cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and combines pesticide application and small amount of urea for foliar topdressing.

Preferably, after grafting, topping each branch of the stock, and removing the sprout in time.

Preferably, the bandage is released after the sprout grows to 10-15 cm after grafting.

Preferably, when buds emerge from the buds, the buds are picked off, the shoots are promoted to age and bud from other places, the buds are reproduced by the buds picked, and the buds are removed until the diameter of the crown reaches 40-50 cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer application adopts a water application method, and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of 1:1:2 is adopted to prepare a thin liquid fertilizer; or prepared by 0.1 to 0.3 mass percent of urea and monopotassium phosphate with the mass ratio of 1: 1.

The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

1. the method is characterized in that the multi-color Chinese roses with different colors are grafted to the same Chinese rose tree to form the multi-color Chinese rose tree, the flower is fragrant and thick, the flower period is long, the colors are various, generally, the Chinese rose is a variety which is grafted by a stock with a straight tree shape, one or more Chinese rose buds are grafted at a high position, a round crown is formed, and the height is about 1.5 m.

2. The invention adopts a new technology of double-tongue abdomen grafting method, namely the abdomen grafting method and the double-tongue grafting method are combined, compared with a single grafting method, the plant is easier to survive, the survival rate reaches 99 percent, the plant can be grafted again in the same year after the survival of the grafting, and one branch can be grafted for more times. And is also beneficial to increasing inner chamber branches and achieving three-dimensional fruiting. Compared with other grafting methods, the scion and the cambium of the front, the back, the left and the right sides of the stock can be connected, meanwhile, the stock and the scion are mutually clamped, and the callus is easier to fuse.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

The invention provides a grafting method of multi-color dendriform Chinese roses, which comprises the following steps:

1. leveling field

Before construction, the tree piles, tree stalks, garbage, stones, weeds and the like in the operation area are cleaned by utilizing mechanical combination manpower, and then leveling operation is carried out. When leveling, a principle of nearby should be adopted, earthwork higher than a designed elevation is dug and backfilled to the ground nearby lower than the designed elevation, and when necessary, additional soil is adopted for backfilling, so that the earthwork leveling is achieved as much as possible. And loosening the soil after finishing the leveling operation, manually using tools such as a rake and the like to finely adjust the soil according to the elevation, wherein the soil quality within at least 25 cm below the surface layer must meet the requirement of planting soil.

2. Establishment of nursery

And (4) establishing a nursery garden by adopting double nursery gardens. The first tree nursery is a stock nursery, the second tree nursery is a scion nursery, and the same parts of the two gardens are as follows: selecting flat, sunny, well-drained, fertile and neutral slightly-acid soil, and enabling the soil to have a pH value of 6-6.5 and to be used as a cold ridge. The base fertilizer is applied per mu according to the following formula: 5000 kg of farmyard manure, 20 kg of phosphorus nitrate, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of carbofuran granules.

3. Selecting varieties and designs

The selection of tree-shaped Chinese rose planting varieties has the advantages of stronger growth vigor and branching capability, higher cold resistance, drought resistance and stress resistance, stronger sun-proof capability of flowers and longer flowering period. If several flowers are cultured on the same plant, the growth vigor and branching force of the selected varieties are basically consistent, and the size and flower type of the flowers are preferably basically similar so as not to influence the ornamental value.

4. Cultivation stock

The width of a stock garden is 3 meters, wild roses with the diameter of breast height of 2-3 cm, meadowsweet roses and white jade halls are planted as stocks, and the row spacing of the stocks is 200 cm, so that enough nutrition area is ensured, and the stocks can grow rapidly. Pinching at about 1.5 m high, leaving 3-5 shoots for branching, and erasing all other sprouts uniformly. During the period, firstly, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, secondly, pest control is enhanced, thirdly, vigorous growth of new shoots left at the upper end is maintained, so that the main rod is promoted to be thickened rapidly, when the main rod reaches about 5 cm, the thickness and the hardness of the main rod basically reach the capability of erecting and supporting a tree crown, and the main rod can be used as a Chinese rose tree stock for grafting.

5. Cultivation of scions

The ear-picking garden is 3 m wide, and large flower tea fragrance series China roses and full-flower China roses are selected and planted in a centralized manner, and the row spacing of each plant is 40 cm. And (5) listing according to the variety of the scions to facilitate the selection of the scions. During grafting, the parts with strong branches and plump scion spores are selected for standby. When preparing the scions, the scions are taken to be about 12-15 cm long, and 3-5 buds are reserved for each scion.

6. Grafting

(1) Preparing scions, selecting strong and disease-free branches for the scions, reserving 2-3 plump bud points for each section of the scions, and cutting off the upper ends of the bud points at a position of 0.5 cm. Firstly, a long sliced surface with the length of 2-3 cm is sliced at the lower part of the scion by a cutter, and the sliced surface is ensured to be straight. And then a vertical cut with the length of 2-3 cm is cut downwards at the top end of the sliced surface, and the length of the cut is the same as that of the long sliced surface. (2) And (3) obliquely downwards cutting the grafting part of the rootstock by a knife, wherein the cut forms an oblique angle of 45 degrees with the rootstock according to the modeling requirement, the depth reaches 1/3 or 1/2 of xylem according to the size of the rootstock, and then the phloem outside the bark cut of the rootstock is cut off to expose a cambium, and the length is 2-3 cm. (3) The long cutting surface of the scion is inserted towards the inner side of the stock, the vertical cut is inserted into the outer side of the cut of the stock, the scion is required to be inserted to the bottom, and the cambium alignment is ensured, if the scion is thinner than the stock, the cambium alignment on one side is required to be ensured.

(4) The included angle between the stock and the scion is filled after being wetted by the fine soil sterilized by potassium permanganate without filling too much, and then the stock and the scion are tightly wrapped by a grafting belt with the width of 5 cm.

7. Bandage fixation

After grafting, binding and fixing a prepared grafting band, tightly binding the grafting band by using a binding band from bottom to top, sealing the interface and the scion, and only leaving the grafting bud exposed. Binding is bound to be tight, and the purpose of doing so is: firstly, the cambium of the stock and the scion can be combined more closely, the wound healing is promoted, and the scion germinates rapidly; secondly, the grafting section is kept moist, and meanwhile, rainwater can be prevented from being drenched to cause the infection of the grafting section.

8. Bagging heat preservation

If the grafting is carried out in winter, the temperature is low, the illumination is not strong, the heat preservation and the moisture preservation are important targets for maintenance, the common heat preservation and the moisture preservation mode is that bags are sleeved, the grafting position is directly sleeved with a small bag, a plurality of air holes can be formed in the bag, the bottom of the bag can not be sealed too tightly, and the heat preservation bag is removed after the bud begins to become a blade after spring beginning and bud bursting.

9. Planting Chinese rose

(1) As the Nanjing area has no low temperature and high air humidity all the year round, China roses can be planted all the year round, but spring and autumn are the best. China rose is favored by slightly acidic soil, fertilizer, light and accumulated water, so the China rose should be planted in sunny land. And because the soil in the south is relatively barren, easy to harden, and poor in permeability and drainage performance, the Chinese rose plants are not beneficial to growth, the land form transformation and soil improvement are carried out before planting, and decomposed organic fertilizers are used as base fertilizers.

(2) The grafted tree-shaped Chinese rose can be grafted at any time and the scions can be picked at any time, the grafted Chinese rose tree has developed lateral roots and fibrous roots, enough absorption capacity is guaranteed, the tree body grows robustly, transplanting is easy to survive, field planting construction can be carried out, and after field planting, root fixing water needs to be watered thoroughly.

10. Liquid manure management

(1) Before planting, thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is applied deeply, and additional fertilizer is continuously applied at ordinary times to supplement the nutrient consumption of the continuously flowering Chinese roses. The top dressing mainly uses cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and a little urea can be applied in combination with the pesticide for leaf surface dressing. The fertilizer is used as little as possible, is used more, is easy to cause soil hardening and can cause excessive growth of plants. After the Chinese rose plants are cut again, the roots also grow simultaneously when the leaves are newly unfolded, so thick fertilizer is avoided being applied to avoid the damage of the new roots and the influence on the growth in the future. And (2) watering the Chinese rose well by a principle of 'no dry and no watering' and paying attention to water accumulation prevention. Watering is carried out according to the dryness and humidity of the soil, and the soil is generally watered thoroughly once a day in sunny days. After fertilization and pesticide spraying, watering is also needed to facilitate the release of fertilizer efficiency and avoid phytotoxicity.

11. Cleaning field

And (4) cleaning on-site garbage and tools after the planting construction of the tree-shaped Chinese roses is finished, and well protecting finished products.

12. Later maintenance

(1) Controlling the crown to remove sprouts: after grafting, each branch of the stock is topped, and the sprout is removed in time, so that the growth of the scion bud is facilitated, and the beautiful crown is kept. (2) Unbinding: and after the grafted sprout grows to 10-15 cm, removing the bandage.

(3) Trimming: when pruning, a "duty" word is to be mastered. In general, buds should be picked off when new buds appear, so that new branches are aged to bud from other places, buds should be picked up when the buds are reproduced, and buds should be removed until the diameter of the crown reaches 40-50 cm. At the moment, pruning is carried out to the greatest extent without outward expansion of branches, and the seedlings can be outplanted when the crowns are dense and spherical. (4) Watering: watering is preferably performed before 9 am and after 5 pm.

(5) Fertilizing: the fertilizer application mainly uses organic decomposed fertilizers which cannot be exposed, and different methods such as buried application or water application are adopted conventionally. Digging holes or furrowing before burying, backfilling, compacting, watering and leveling after fertilizing. The construction method adopts a water application method, and adopts a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of 1:1:2 to prepare a thin liquid fertilizer; or prepared by 0.1 to 0.3 mass percent of urea and monopotassium phosphate with the mass ratio of 1: 1.

(6) And (3) pest control:

1) aphids and red spiders: spraying omethoate or dichlorvos 1000 times solution once per week for 2 times.

2) Scarab and bridging insect: the two insects like young leaves and flower buds, have great harm to China rose, can spray 50% methamidophos, dilute 1500 times, spray once every 7 days for 2 times, and pay attention to the fact that spraying is needed on the front and back of leaves.

3) Powdery mildew: powdery mildew mostly occurs in rainy season or wet season, and the temperature is between 18 ℃ and 23 ℃. Under the ventilation condition, the high temperature of about 30 ℃ can disappear automatically in sunny days. The traditional spray adopts lime sulphur mixture or carbendazim or triadimefon for spraying.

4) Black spot: in contrast to powdery mildew, black spot occurs on the old leaves of Chinese rose, with the leaves becoming yellow and falling off over time. After the occurrence, lime sulfur mixture or Bordeaux mixture, methyl zandrin and the like can be sprayed, and the spraying is carried out once in 7 to 10 days. The spraying was all from 5 to 7 pm.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The grafting method of the multi-color dendriform China rose is characterized by comprising the following steps:

planting Rosa multiflora, Rosa fargesii and Begonia albuginea as stock, pinching at 1.5 m height, leaving 3-5 new shoots as branches, and removing all the rest sprouts;

selecting large flower tea fragrance series China rose and full flower China rose series for centralized planting as scions;

preparing scions, selecting robust and disease-free branches for the scions, reserving 2-3 full bud points for each section of the scions, cutting off the upper ends of the bud points at a position of 0.5 cm, cutting a long cut surface with the length of 2-3 cm on the lower part of each scion by using a cutter to ensure that the cut surface is straight, and cutting a vertical cut with the length of 2-3 cm downwards on the top end of the cut surface, wherein the length of the cut is as long as that of the long cut surface;

a knife is used for obliquely cutting downwards at the grafting part of the rootstock, an oblique angle of 45 degrees is formed between a notch and the rootstock, the depth reaches 1/3 or 1/2 of xylem according to the size of the rootstock, and then the phloem outside the notch is cut off to expose a cambium, wherein the length is 2-3 cm;

inserting the long cutting surface of the scion towards the inner side of the stock, inserting the vertical cut into the outer side of the cut of the stock, and inserting the scion to the bottom to ensure cambium alignment;

an included angle between the stock and the scion is filled after being wetted by the fine soil sterilized by potassium permanganate and then is tightly wrapped by a grafting belt;

after grafting, binding and fixing by adopting a grafting belt, binding tightly by using a binding belt from bottom to top, sealing the interface and the scion, and only leaving the exposed scion;

and (4) planting the grafted Chinese roses, and watering the root fixing water thoroughly after planting.

2. The grafting method of the multi-color tree-shaped Chinese rose according to claim 1, wherein the width of the nursery of the rootstock is 3 meters, the breast diameter of the rootstock is 2-3 cm, and the row spacing of the plants is 200 cm.

3. The grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses according to claim 1, wherein the cutting orchard is 3 m wide and the row spacing of each plant is 40 cm.

4. The grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses according to claim 1, wherein the grafting is performed in winter by bagging

And (4) warming.

5. The grafting method of the multi-color dendriform China rose according to claim 1, wherein before planting, a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is applied deeply, topdressing is performed at ordinary times, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mainly used for topdressing, and a small amount of urea is applied in combination with pesticide for foliar topdressing.

6. The grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese rose according to claim 1, wherein after grafting, each branch of the stock is topped to remove the sprout in time.

7. The grafting method of multi-color tree-shaped Chinese rose according to claim 1, wherein the band is removed when the sprout grows to 10-15 cm after grafting.

8. The grafting method of multi-color tree-like Chinese rose according to claim 1, wherein buds are picked off when buds emerge from new shoots, the new shoots are aged to sprout from other places, the buds are reproduced by the sprouting, and the buds are removed until the crown diameter reaches 40 to 50 cm.

9. The grafting method of the multi-color tree-shaped Chinese roses according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application adopts a water application method, and a thin liquid fertilizer is prepared by adopting a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of 1:1: 2; or prepared by 0.1 to 0.3 mass percent of urea and monopotassium phosphate with the mass ratio of 1: 1.