CN113710361A - 催化剂制备方法 - Google Patents
催化剂制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113710361A CN113710361A CN202080029457.9A CN202080029457A CN113710361A CN 113710361 A CN113710361 A CN 113710361A CN 202080029457 A CN202080029457 A CN 202080029457A CN 113710361 A CN113710361 A CN 113710361A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- support
- catalyst
- aluminate
- alkaline earth
- calcined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- -1 alkaline earth metal aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical group Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- B01J23/04—Alkali metals
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- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
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- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0063—Granulating
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种用于制备蛋壳型催化剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(i)制备煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐催化剂载体,(ii)用包含水蒸气的气体处理煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体以形成水合载体,(iii)在具有或不具有居间干燥步骤的情况下,用包含一种或多种催化金属化合物的酸性溶液浸渍水合载体并干燥浸渍的载体,(iv)煅烧干燥的浸渍载体以形成煅烧的催化剂,该煅烧的催化剂具有集中在载体的表面处的催化金属氧化物,以及(v)任选地重复步骤(ii)、(iii)和(iv)。
Description
本发明涉及在碱土金属铝酸盐载体上制备蛋壳型催化剂的方法。
蛋壳型催化剂诸如蛋壳型镍催化剂是已知的,并且可用于工业过程,包括甲烷化和蒸汽重整过程。蛋壳型催化剂具有薄外涂层,该薄外涂层包含承载在惰性难熔金属氧化物载体上的催化活性金属诸如镍。
WO2010125369公开了一种用于制备蛋壳型催化剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(i)制备煅烧的成型铝酸钙催化剂载体,(ii)用液态水处理煅烧的成型铝酸钙载体,并且然后干燥载体,(iii)用包含一种或多种金属化合物的溶液浸渍干燥的载体并干燥浸渍的载体,(iv)煅烧干燥的浸渍载体以在载体的表面上形成金属氧化物,以及(v)任选地在金属氧化物涂覆的载体上重复步骤(ii)、(iii)和(iv)。该方法提供蛋壳型催化剂,其中金属氧化物集中在载体上的外层中。
WO2012056211公开了一种用于制备蛋壳型镍催化剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(i)在≥40℃的温度下用包含乙酸镍的溶液浸渍包含金属铝酸盐的煅烧的载体,并且干燥浸渍的载体,(ii)煅烧干燥的浸渍载体以在载体的表面上形成氧化镍,以及(iii)任选地在氧化镍涂覆的载体上重复步骤(i)和(ii)。该方法提供蛋壳型催化剂,其中氧化镍集中在载体上的外层中。
申请人已开发出克服已知方法的问题的另选的方法。
已发现,通过用湿气体而不是液态水处理碱土金属铝酸盐催化剂载体的表面,该载体不需要干燥步骤,并且可改善对蛋壳厚度的控制。该方法也是灵活的,不需要在≥40℃的温度下使用乙酸镍以便制备蛋壳型催化剂。
因此,本发明提供了用于制备蛋壳型催化剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(i)制备煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐催化剂载体,(ii)用包含水蒸气的气体处理煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体以形成水合载体,(iii)在具有或不具有居间干燥步骤的情况下,用包含一种或多种催化金属化合物的酸性溶液浸渍水合载体并干燥浸渍的载体,(iv)煅烧干燥的浸渍载体以形成煅烧的催化剂,该煅烧的催化剂具有集中在载体的表面处的催化金属氧化物,以及(v)任选地重复步骤(ii)、(iii)和(iv)。
通过该方法制备的催化剂是蛋壳型催化剂。所谓术语“蛋壳型催化剂”意指一种或多种催化活性金属不是均匀地分布在催化剂载体内,而是集中在表面处并因此形成薄层,其中在该层下方不存在一种或多种金属。蛋壳层的厚度优选地≤1000μm,更优选地≤800μm,最优选地≤600μm。蛋壳层的最小厚度可为100μm。该层的厚度可使用电子探针显微分析(EPMA)或光学显微镜在形成横截面的催化剂上容易地确定。
成型催化剂载体包含碱土金属铝酸盐。碱土金属铝酸盐为第II族铝酸盐,优选地铝酸镁和/或铝酸钙。催化剂载体优选地包含铝酸钙粘固剂。所谓术语“铝酸钙粘固剂”包括包含一种或多种式nCaO.mAl2O3的铝酸钙化合物的组合物,其中n和m为整数。此类铝酸钙化合物的示例包括一铝酸钙(CaO.Al2O3)、铝酸三钙(3CaO.Al2O3)、三铝酸五钙(5CaO.3Al2O3)、五铝酸三钙(3CaO.5Al2O3)和七铝酸十二钙(12CaO.7Al2O3)。一些铝酸钙粘固剂(例如所谓的“高氧化铝”粘固剂)可包含与此类铝酸钙化合物混合、溶解于此类铝酸钙化合物中或与此类铝酸钙化合物组合的氧化铝。例如,熟知的商业高氧化铝粘固剂具有对应于约18%氧化钙、79%氧化铝和3%水以及其他氧化物的组成。该材料具有约1:5的钙:铝原子比,即2CaO.5Al2O3。铝酸钙粘固剂通常被铁化合物污染,但据信这些不会对本发明不利。合适的铝酸钙粘固剂包括可商购获得的Ciment FonduRTM和SecarRTM 50、SecarRTM 71、SecarRTM 80(购自KerneosRTM)以及CA-25、CA-14、CA-270(购自AlmatisRTM)。
合适的铝酸钙粘固剂优选地具有在1:3至1:12,更优选地1:3至1:10,最优选地1:4至1:8范围内的钙:铝原子比。在铝酸钙粘固剂为“高氧化铝”粘固剂的情况下,可能不需要附加的氧化铝,但一般来讲,载体有利地由已向其中添加附加量的氧化铝(可呈过渡型氧化铝、一水合物或三水合物形式)的铝酸钙粘固剂制成。为了加速固化,也可将一定量的石灰(CaO)(例如组合物的至多20重量%)掺入载体组合物中。
因此,碱土金属铝酸盐载体优选地包含氧化铝、一种或多种铝酸钙化合物和/或铝酸镁、以及任选的石灰的混合物。煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体可通过将铝酸钙粘固剂粉末和/或铝酸镁粉末,任选地与附加的氧化铝和/或石灰一起形成为型材并随后煅烧该型材来制备。
载体中可存在其他氧化物质,例如二氧化钛、氧化锆或氧化镧。虽然在一些情况下可掺入二氧化硅以用作蒸汽重整载体,但是期望低二氧化硅含量,即基于载体组合物中氧化物质的重量计小于1重量%,优选地小于0.5重量%,因为二氧化硅在蒸汽重整条件下具有明显的挥发性。载体组合物优选地包含≤25重量%、更优选地≤15重量%、最优选地≤10重量%的除氧化铝、碱土金属氧化物或碱土金属铝酸盐之外的氧化物质。
特别合适的载体包含与24重量%至48重量%的氧化铝、0重量%至20重量%的石灰混合的30重量%至70重量%的铝酸钙粘固剂(包含65重量%至85重量%的氧化铝和15重量%至35重量%的CaO)。
碱土金属铝酸盐载体例如通过制粒成型以形成适用于甲烷化或蒸汽重整反应器的粒状成型单元。可在成型之前将加工助剂诸如石墨和/或金属硬脂酸盐(例如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铝)掺入组合物中。通常,按组合物的重量计,石墨的比例为1%至5%。所包含的金属硬脂酸盐的量可在0.1重量%至2.0重量%的范围内。组合物有利地使用已知的制粒技术成型为粒料,但是也可制备成挤出物或颗粒。此类粒状成型单元的长度、宽度和高度可在3mm-50mm的范围内。载体可以呈任何合适的形状,但优选地该载体呈圆柱体的形式,该圆柱体可具有一个或多个通孔。更优选地,成型载体呈圆柱形粒料的形式,该圆柱形粒料具有介于1个和12个之间的延伸穿过其中的孔,尤其是3-10个孔,优选地具有圆形横截面。成型载体可具有介于2个和20个之间的沿着粒料的长度延伸的沟槽或凸角。此类圆柱形粒料的合适直径在4mm-40mm的范围内,并且纵横比(长度/直径)优选地≤2。圆柱体可为穹顶形或平端形。优选的形状包括4孔四边形、5孔五边形、7孔圆柱体和10孔圆柱体。特别优选的形状描述于WO 2010/029323 A1和WO 2010/029324 A1中。
成型后,可通过添加水将碱金属铝酸盐组合物固化,该水可包含溶解的碱金属或碱土金属盐,并且将载体干燥,通常低于200℃。组合物的固化增加了其强度,这在催化剂用于蒸汽重整时是特别期望的。组合物的固化在干燥步骤之前和/或期间进行,例如通过在干燥之前用水喷雾或浸渍成型催化剂载体。
成型载体为煅烧的成型载体,即成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体已优选地在400℃-1400℃的范围内在空气或惰性气体中经受加热步骤,以在用湿气体处理之前改变其物理化学特性。煅烧优选地通过将成型单元在空气中加热到500℃至1200℃并持续1小时至16小时来进行。随着煅烧温度升高,催化剂载体强度增加,然而孔隙率和表面积减小。因此,载体煅烧应在足以获得所需机械强度的温度下进行,但不应过高以使得表面积和孔隙率不当地降低。可使用一个或多个煅烧步骤。
煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体优选地具有如通过氮吸收所测量的0.5m2g-1至40m2g-1,具体地讲1m2g-1至15m2g-1的总表面积,和如通过压汞法所测定的0.1cm3g-1至0.3cm3g-1的孔体积。
在最终煅烧之前,成型的碱土金属铝酸盐载体可通过用碱金属化合物(诸如氢氧化钾)的溶液浸渍来“碱化”。这用于在蒸汽重整期间使碳在催化剂上的沉积最小化。可使用在煅烧的载体上含量为至多约5重量%的碱金属氧化物,例如钾碱。相似地,在最终煅烧之前,可通过用碱土金属化合物(诸如硝酸钙或氢氧化钙)的溶液浸渍来“活化”成型载体,该碱土金属化合物通过煅烧转化成碱土金属氧化物。以这种方式包含碱土金属化合物可优选直接包含石灰,例如当碱土金属铝酸盐为铝酸镁时。
在本发明中,在用催化金属化合物浸渍之前,煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体经受用包含水蒸气的气体的处理以形成水合载体。包含水蒸气的气体可具有在45g/m3至300g/m3范围内的绝对湿度。绝对湿度是气体中水蒸气(水分)的量度,与温度无关。其以克水分/立方米气体(g/m3)来表示。绝对湿度优选地≥75g/m3,更优选地≥100g/m3,最优选地≥150g/m3,尤其是≥200g/m3。湿气体可以为氮气、空气或其他合适的气体,但优选地为空气。气体可使用常规设备诸如气体饱和器或鼓泡器来加湿。用于产生湿气体的水可为自来水或工业用水,但有利地具有低含量的溶解盐,优选地低于150mg/L。还可使用去矿物质水。处理可以处于40℃至99℃,优选地50℃至99℃,更优选地75℃至99℃范围内的温度下。处理压力可为大气压或可高于大气压,例如约1巴至2巴绝对压力(1×105Pa至2×105Pa)。该处理可被施加1小时至10天,或更长时间(如果需要),但优选在8小时-24小时范围内的较短时间段。较短的时间段通常需要较高的绝对湿度和温度。应当理解,低于水沸点的处理将导致处理用水蒸气进行。
包含水蒸气的气体的相对湿度优选地在60%至100%的范围内。空气-水混合物的相对湿度被定义为空气中水蒸气的分压与相同温度下水的饱和蒸气压的比率,其以百分比表示(参见例如,Lide,David,1998,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(第79版),CRC Press,第2-55页)。绝对湿度和相对湿度的组合提供了以特别有效的方式提供蛋壳型催化剂的方法。
干燥步骤在本发明中是不必要的。这提供了许多优点。此外,湿气体处理比液态水处理更快且更有效,从而允许更快的生产速率,并且去除了对浸水罐及其相关联的管理的需要。如果进行干燥步骤,则其可以正常方式实现,例如通过将经处理的载体暴露于气体(诸如干燥空气或干燥氮气),暴露于50℃-120℃范围内的温度。
在具有或不具有居间干燥步骤的情况下,将经处理的水合催化剂载体用包含一种或多种可溶性催化金属化合物的酸性溶液浸渍。酸性浸渍溶液优选地包含一种或多种过渡金属,更优选地包含一种或多种选自铬、锰、镍、钴、铁、铜和锌的过渡金属。最优选地,酸性浸渍溶液包含镍、钴、铁或铜中的一种或多种,尤其是镍。
水性浸渍溶液是特别合适的。酸性浸渍溶液包含一种或多种酸性化合物,即溶解于水中以获得酸性溶液的化合物(即浸渍溶液有利地具有pH<7.0)。合适的酸性金属化合物包括金属硝酸盐、金属乙酸盐、金属柠檬酸盐和金属草酸盐。在浸渍的金属为镍的情况下,用于浸渍水合载体的金属化合物优选地为硝酸镍或乙酸镍。
酸性浸渍溶液中的金属浓度(即酸性浸渍溶液中金属的总金属浓度)有利地在100克金属/升-300克金属/升的范围内。
浸渍可使用已知的技术在环境温度或升高的温度下以及在大气压或高压下进行,包括将经水蒸气或蒸汽处理的催化剂载体浸入含金属溶液中,或者通过所谓的“始润”浸渍进行,其中所用的溶液体积大约等于载体材料的孔体积。可使用在环境温度(即10℃至25℃)和大气压(约1巴绝对压力)下对金属化合物的浸渍,然而已发现通过在40℃-90℃范围内的温度下浸渍水合载体,可获得对蛋壳层厚度的改善的控制。
在用酸性浸渍溶液浸渍水合载体之后,将浸渍的载体干燥并且煅烧。干燥条件适宜地在大气压或减压下,在25℃-250℃范围内,优选地在50℃-150℃范围内的温度下。干燥时间可在1小时-24小时的范围内。将浸渍的催化金属化合物转换成对应催化金属氧化物的该干燥的浸渍载体的煅烧步骤优选地在空气中在250℃-850℃范围内的温度下进行。由于催化剂的表面处较低的金属含量和增加的金属浓度,本发明的优点在于,与目前的催化剂材料相比,在基于金属硝酸盐的前体的煅烧期间释出的氮氧化物的量可减少。
可以多种方式(诸如溶液的金属含量和浸渍条件)控制所得催化剂的催化金属含量。在本发明中,因为催化金属氧化物集中在载体的表面处,因此可通过降低金属载量来实现改善的催化剂活性。这具有明显的商业有益效果。煅烧的催化剂的催化金属氧化物含量优选地在1重量%-25重量%,优选地1重量%-15重量%,更优选地1重量%-10重量%的范围内。因此,一次浸渍可足以生成期望的催化剂。然而,如果需要,可重复浸渍、干燥和煅烧步骤(ii)、(iii)和(iv),直到煅烧的催化剂的催化金属氧化物含量处于期望水平。
可使用相同或不同的催化金属进行多次浸渍。如果需要,可在每次催化金属浸渍之前用包含水蒸气的气体处理煅烧的催化剂。
催化金属氧化物优选地包括NiO。
催化金属氧化物的比表面积适宜地在0.1m2/g至50m2/g催化剂的范围内。
可将一种或多种促进剂化合物浸渍到水合载体、干燥的浸渍载体和/或煅烧的催化剂中。因此,可在催化金属浸渍溶液中包含一种或多种促进剂化合物,或者可随后通过单独的浸渍来添加促进剂。促进剂可局限于蛋壳层或可分布在整个催化剂载体中。促进剂包括铂族金属,诸如铂、钯、铱、钌、铑和金。还可包含镧系金属诸如镧和铈作为促进剂。水溶性盐,具体地讲硝酸盐,可用作金属促进剂的来源。可存在多于一种促进剂,并且还可添加附加的碱。如果使用的话,促进剂金属的量将通常在煅烧的催化剂材料的0.1重量%-5重量%的范围内。
在煅烧的催化剂包含可还原的金属氧化物诸如Cu、Ni、Co或Fe的氧化物的情况下,可将煅烧的催化剂提供给反应器,在该反应器中其将以其氧化形式使用,并且用于形成元素金属的催化金属氧化物的还原原位进行。例如,可将煅烧的催化剂置于其中待使用该催化剂的反应器中,并且用还原剂诸如含氢气体还原催化金属氧化物。可使用已知的还原技术。
另选地,可将煅烧的催化剂中的可还原催化金属氧化物非原位还原,并且然后使用含氧气体诸如空气或氮气稀释的空气,使元素金属涂覆有薄的氧化物钝化层。也可使用氧气和二氧化碳(任选地与氮气)的混合物。以这种方式,还原的催化剂可被安全地运输给使用者,并且生成活性催化剂的时间和在后续活化期间使用的氢气的量减少。这对使用者而言具有明显的有益效果。因此,在一个实施方案中,用于制备催化剂的方法还包括以下步骤:用含氢气体混合物将催化金属氧化物的至少一部分还原成元素形式以形成还原催化剂,并且随后用含氧气体钝化该还原催化剂,该还原催化剂包含呈元素形式的金属。
根据本发明制备的蛋壳型催化剂可用于蒸汽重整工艺,诸如初级蒸汽重整、初级重整气体混合物的次级重整以及预重整。该催化剂还可用于甲烷化反应、氢化反应,并且以氧化未还原形式用于水溶液中次氯酸盐的分解。
参考以下实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例1.煅烧的催化剂载体的制备
(a)将铝酸钙粘固剂与氧化铝三水合物和石灰共混以获得Ca:Al比率为10:56(基于摩尔)的混合物。添加石墨(4重量%),并且使用压片机将所得混合物制粒,以获得直径为3.3mm并且长度为3.3mm的圆柱体。使粒料经受水固化和煅烧,以获得具有以下特性的煅烧的成型载体。
BET表面积:4.5m2/g
孔体积:0.24cm3/g
密度:1.79g/cc
(b)重复实施例1(a)的方法以制备对称的4孔四边形圆柱形粒料,如WO2010125369的图3所示,其具有13mm的直径和在16.7mm-17.3mm范围内的长度。
BET表面积:4.4m2/g
孔体积:0.23cm3/g
实施例2.蛋壳型Ni催化剂的制备
a)用水蒸气处理煅烧的催化剂载体
用去矿物质水填充实验室干燥器的底部(其中去除了干燥剂),然后将容纳实施例1(b)的煅烧的成型铝酸钙载体粒料的盘置于在上方的筛网上,并且将干燥器密封。然后将干燥器置于设定为55℃的烘箱中,确保处理期间在55℃下在空气中的100%相对湿度。如下对粒料进行处理:
实施例2(a)-1天(24小时),
实施例2(b)-3天
实施例2(c)-7天
b)用硝酸镍浸渍水合载体
处理后,在不进行中间干燥步骤的情况下,将水合载体在80℃下在140g硝酸镍溶液(每1000ml大约220g Ni,pH 1.5)中浸渍20分钟但不搅拌,然后排出。
c)煅烧以形成煅烧的催化剂
将浸渍的粒料置于加热炉中,并且采用以下程序,在空气中煅烧:100℃/h升温至120℃,并且停留10小时,之后100℃/h升温至640℃,停留4小时。一旦加热炉已冷却至低于200℃,就移除样品。实施例2(a)、2(b)、2(c)的所有样品均具有包含NiO的蛋壳层。
另选地,在用湿空气处理之后,在浸渍之前,将每种经处理的载体的部分在120℃下干燥17小时。然后以与如上所述相同的方式对干燥的样品进行浸渍和煅烧。这些实施例标记为2(d)、2(e)和2(f)。
结果在下表中示出。
实施例 | 处理时间(h) | 平均蛋壳层厚度(mm) | NiO重量%(无损耗,900℃) |
2(a) | 24 | 0.587 | 未测量 |
2(b) | 72 | 0.260 | 未测量 |
2(c) | 168 | 0.172 | 1.03 |
2(d) | 24 | 1.151 | 未测量 |
2(e) | 72 | 0.274 | 未测量 |
2(f) | 168 | 0.175 | 0.98 |
上述结果表明,根本不必要干燥经处理的催化剂载体以获得蛋壳型催化剂。此外,湿气体处理提供了对蛋壳层厚度的控制,并且能够提供更薄的、因此更有效的蛋壳层。
实施例3:蛋壳型Ni催化剂的制备
将大约50g实施例1(a)的粒状载体称量到坩埚中,然后置于湿度室中。湿度室用于在特定温度和湿度下用湿空气处理粒料并持续不同的持续时间。一旦处理完成,就移除粒料,然后在不干燥的情况下,在80℃下将粒料在硝酸镍水溶液(每1000ml 210g Ni,pH 1.5)中浸渍20分钟但不搅拌,然后在轻微摇动下与液体分离以移除过量的溶液。然后如实施例2中所述煅烧浸渍的粒料。一旦加热炉已冷却至室温,就移除样品并分析蛋壳厚度和NiO含量。结果在下表中示出。
对实施例1(b)的载体重复该实验。
*使用100g而不是50g的粒料。
实施例3(b)B的横截面示于图1中。
实施例3(f)A的横截面示于图2中。
图1和图2均描述了通过本发明的方法制备的蛋壳型催化剂。
实施例4:测试
将实施例3(b)A和3(g)A的蛋壳型催化剂作为天然气蒸汽重整催化剂进行测试。为了进行该测试,首先通过在氢气和蒸汽的流(约1:7摩尔比)下,在28巴下,将催化剂处理至750℃的温度并持续20天来“老化”该催化剂。然后将它们冷却、排出、与α-氧化铝砂粒共混,然后再装入到天然气蒸汽重整测试反应器中。对于实施例3(b)A测试而言,用α-氧化铝砂粒将20.8g催化剂稀释至105cm3。对于实施例3(g)A测试而言,用α-氧化铝砂粒将22.2g催化剂稀释至105cm3。在600℃、27巴下,在氮气(300NL h-1)和氢气(300NL h-1)的流中还原进料并持续2小时。然后天然气蒸汽重整测试通过将气体流改变为天然气(1400NL h-1)和蒸汽,在27巴下以3.0的蒸汽与碳摩尔比开始。测试一系列温度,并且将天然气的乙烷组分的转化量化为催化剂活性的量度。乙烷转化是总体活性的有用指标,因为与甲烷转化不同,乙烷转化是不可逆的。
结果在下表中示出:
结果示出在蒸汽重整反应中来自两种蛋壳型Ni催化剂的良好乙烷转化。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于制备蛋壳型催化剂的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(i)制备煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐催化剂载体,(ii)用包含水蒸气的气体处理所述煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体以形成水合载体,(iii)在具有或不具有居间干燥步骤的情况下,用包含一种或多种催化金属化合物的酸性溶液浸渍所述水合载体并干燥所述浸渍的载体,(iv)煅烧所述干燥的浸渍载体以形成煅烧的催化剂,所述煅烧的催化剂具有集中在所述载体的表面处的催化金属氧化物,以及(v)任选地重复步骤(ii)、(iii)和(iv)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述碱土金属铝酸盐选自铝酸钙、铝酸镁以及它们的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体通过将铝酸钙粘固剂粉末和/或铝酸镁粉末,任选地与附加的氧化铝和/或石灰一起形成为型材并随后煅烧所述型材来制备。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中在所述煅烧步骤之前,通过用碱金属或碱土金属的溶液浸渍来碱化所述煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体为圆柱形粒料的形式,所述圆柱形粒料具有介于1个和12个之间的延伸穿过其中的孔,并且任选地具有介于2个和20个之间的沟槽或凸角。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中湿气体为湿空气。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述包含水蒸气的气体具有在45g/m3至300g/m3范围内的绝对湿度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述绝对湿度≥75g/m3,优选地≥100g/m3,更优选地≥150g/m3,最优选地≥200g/m3。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中用所述包含水蒸气的气体处理所述煅烧的成型碱土金属铝酸盐载体在40℃至99℃,优选地50℃至99℃,更优选地75℃至99℃范围内的温度下进行。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述包含水蒸气的气体具有在60%至100%范围内的相对湿度。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述包含一种或多种催化金属化合物的酸性溶液包含一种或多种过渡金属,优选地铬、锰、镍、钴、铁、铜或锌中的一种或多种,更优选地镍、钴、铁或铜中的一种或多种,最优选地镍。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述包含一种或多种催化金属化合物的酸性溶液中的金属浓度在100克金属/升-300克金属/升的范围内。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中所述金属浸渍步骤(iii)在40℃-90℃范围内的温度下进行。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述煅烧的催化剂具有在1重量%至25重量%范围内的催化金属氧化物含量。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法,其中将一种或多种促进剂化合物浸渍到所述水合载体、所述干燥的浸渍载体和/或所述煅烧的催化剂中。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中煅烧所述干燥的浸渍载体以形成所述煅烧的催化剂在250℃-850℃范围内的温度下进行。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述催化金属氧化物为可还原金属氧化物,所述方法还包括用含氢气体混合物将所述催化金属氧化物的至少一部分还原成元素形式以形成还原催化剂的步骤。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,所述方法还包括用含氧气体钝化所述包含呈元素形式的金属的还原催化剂的步骤。
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GB202006393D0 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
MX2021013200A (es) | 2021-12-10 |
GB2586305B (en) | 2021-10-06 |
GB201907062D0 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
JP2022533125A (ja) | 2022-07-21 |
GB2586305A (en) | 2021-02-17 |
WO2020234561A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
JP7506095B2 (ja) | 2024-06-25 |
EP3972734A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
CN113710361B (zh) | 2023-09-26 |
US11958040B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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