CN113455270B - Construction method of three-dimensional functional hedge for peach orchard - Google Patents
Construction method of three-dimensional functional hedge for peach orchard Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a three-dimensional functional plant hedge for a peach garden, which belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological prevention and control and is mainly used for water and soil conservation, nutrient emission reduction, habitat improvement and pest ecological prevention and control of the peach garden in a south plain or hilly mountain area. The three-dimensional functional plant fence is formed by gathering and avoiding landscape plant fences in surface water under the peach garden, gathering and avoiding landscape plant fences in ditch water, gathering landscape three-dimensional plant fences around the peach garden along the ditch water. The peach orchard has lower requirements on the site conditions, is not limited by the scale area of the orchard, does not influence the normal production of the orchard, and has low investment and simple and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological prevention and control, in particular to a construction method of a three-dimensional functional hedge for a peach garden.
Background
China is the most main peach producing country in the world, and the peach harvesting area is 48.72 percent of the total harvesting area in the worldPeach fruit yield is about 54.63% of the total world yield. However, the investment of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the peach production process is large, and the investigation shows that the investment of the nutrients in the peach garden in the Taihu water net area reaches 838.65-853.95kg N.hm -2 And 213.00-290.70kgP 2 O 5 ·hm -2 The nutrient demand of peach trees is far exceeded, and the peach trees are mainly concentrated in the fruit expanding period to the mature period and are synchronous with the local rainfall collecting period (plum rainy period and typhoon season), so that the nutrient is easy to lose, and serious threat is caused to the quality of the surrounding water environment. Meanwhile, due to intensive single planting in an orchard, single purification of biological community structures and species, disease and pest induction are rampant, the pesticide consumption is increased, potential safety hazards of fruit quality are prominent, market competitiveness is lacked, and production and management benefits are low. With the development of social economy and the improvement of the consumption level of fruits, the quality of fruits has become the focus of market competition.
At present, the most critical measures for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in peach orchard still mainly include drug prevention and control based on the occurrence rule of diseases and insect pests, and are assisted by using insecticidal lamps, yellow boards, sex attractant and the like, and from the viewpoint of biodiversity utilization, the application of green prevention and control technology based on a push-pull mode is less. The reconstruction of orchard biological diversity and the remarkable improvement of habitat are key to sustainable development of ecological fruit industry and high-quality development of peach fruit industry.
The plant hedge is a plant system based on the utilization of the diversity of agricultural and forestry plants, originates from Europe and America, mainly aims at the landscape structure, ecological function, biodiversity and the like of the plant hedge, and is relatively late in research and development of the plant hedge in China and mainly aims at the configuration mode, soil and water conservation, soil improvement, non-point source pollution control effect and the like of the plant hedge in hillside farmland.
The orchard grass growing coverage is a construction method of a surface plant fence by artificially planting herbaceous plants in orchard rows or whole orchards, but leguminous or gramineous herbaceous plants are mostly adopted at present, and although good ecological effects are obtained, economic values and pest prevention and control functions of the coverage plants are mostly not considered. Meanwhile, the orchard grass growing coverage mode does not consider the plant diversified annual layout of the intercross drainage ditches and the ditch edges (the middle-period drainage requirements of rainfall collection) of the southern orchard.
The peach garden has high nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient input and heavy non-point source pollution discharge load. Meanwhile, peach orchards are singly planted for a long time, diseases and insects occur frequently, and pesticide application amount is large. The existing orchard grass growing covering mode has a certain positive effect, but can only exert the effect in stages (covering the growing period of plants), and does not consider the ditches, the edges and the periphery of the peach orchard. Up to the present, there are few research and development and model applications of three-dimensional functional hedge construction technology for peach orchard in the water network area of the middle and downstream plain in Yangtze river of China.
Therefore, how to provide a construction method of a peach orchard three-dimensional functional plant hedge which can be used for water and soil conservation, nutrient emission reduction, habitat improvement and pest ecological prevention and control in a peach orchard in a south plain or a hilly mountain area is a problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a three-dimensional functional hedge which is configured from the surface, the row and the periphery of the peach garden in an overall mode based on a push-pull mode, and is mainly used for water and soil conservation, nutrient emission reduction, habitat improvement and pest ecological prevention and control of the peach garden in a southern plain or hilly mountain area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a three-dimensional functional hedge for a peach garden comprises the following steps: the three-dimensional functional plant hedges of the peach garden are constructed by trapping three-dimensional plant hedges of the landscape under the surface water of the peach garden, the landscape plant hedges of the ditch water and the landscape plant hedges of the ditch edge water.
Preferably, the construction method of the surface water retention and trapping landscape hedge under the peach garden comprises the following steps: selecting functional plant varieties which are suitable for local climate and peach garden site conditions and have the functions of expelling insects and deinsectization (pyrethrum and the like), trapping natural enemies (red clover, golden flower and the like) and beautifying the landscapes of an orchard (red clover, golden flower and the like), and reasonably densely planting functional plants such as pyrethrum, red clover, golden flower and the like under the peach garden by adopting a autumn and winter sand mixing and broadcasting mode in combination with the turning over of the peach garden on the day or the next day after the base fertilizer is applied to the peach garden.
The method comprises the following steps: according to the regular shape of the peach garden, the pyrethrum planting adopts a ring shape or a square shape to be arranged at the lower periphery of the peach garden to form a pyrethrum plant fence, and according to the actual area of the peach garden, the width of the ring shape or the square pyrethrum plant fence is suitable for the width of a single row (3.5 m-4 m) peach tree or a double row (7 m-8 m) peach tree, and the sowing amount is 15-20 kg-hm -2 Preferably, the method comprises the steps of;
the purple three leaves and the golden flower vegetables are planted in the middle strip type under the peach gardens to form purple three leaf hedges and golden flower vegetable hedges, and the widths of the purple three leaf hedges and the golden flower vegetable hedges are preferably equal to the widths of single-row peach trees (3.5 m-4 m) or double-row peach trees (7 m-8 m); simultaneously, two kinds of plant hedges are alternately arranged, and the sowing quantity of the three-leaf purple sweet potato and the golden flower vegetable is 120-150kg & hm -2 Preferably, the method comprises the steps of. After emergence of seedlings, weeds are removed in time.
Preferably, the trench water conservation landscape hedge comprises: the method comprises the steps of selecting a wet landscape plant Lewis Anna iris with high shadow resistance and high stain resistance, preferably growing strong seedlings in two years, planting the plants in a drainage diversion branch ditch among rows of fruit trees under peach gardens and a drainage total ditch of the peach gardens in the last 10 to 11 months of the current year, planting one row in the diversion branch ditch, preferably planting two rows in the drainage total ditch alternately, preferably planting 30-40cm in plant spacing, pruning the overground parts of iris plants after transplanting, and reserving 15-20cm overground parts to avoid water loss of the plants and promote survival and branching in the next year.
Preferably, the construction method of the ditch water conservation landscape hedge comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the landscape plants with stronger shadow tolerance are selected, the plants are preferably grown in two years, in the last 10 to last 11 months of the current year, the plants are planted on the two sides of the drainage diversion branch ditch between rows of fruit trees in the peach gardens and the drainage total ditch edge of the peach gardens, one row of the drainage diversion branch ditch and the two sides of the drainage total ditch are planted, the plants are alternately planted with Louisiana iris in the ditch, the plant spacing is preferably 20-30cm, the overground parts of the plants of the butterfly flowers can be partially sheared in winter, and the overground parts of 15-20cm are reserved, so that the water loss of the plants is avoided, and the survival and branching in the next year are promoted.
Preferably, the construction method of the stereoscopic hedge for trapping landscapes around the peach orchard comprises the following steps: selecting high and large plant type functional plants such as China rose, sunflower, sulfur flower and the like which are suitable for local climate and peach garden site conditions and are used for trapping natural enemies and beautifying garden landscapes, and medium and small plant type functional plants such as iris, spiraea and the like, and planting three rows at intervals around the peach garden;
the method comprises the following steps: in the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the current year, adult vine roses (pompon, free spirit, dragon fruits and other varieties) with different color systems are planted in close proximity to one side of the fruit tree reasonably, and the plant spacing is preferably 40-50 cm. Sowing and planting the inula flowers in the middle row in the middle and late 3 months of the next year, wherein the row width is 20-30cm, and the sowing amount is 75-90 kg/hm -2 Preferably, transplanting and planting two rows of high-stalk single-head sunflowers (breeds such as breeds with gentle breeds, golden sun and the like in summer) at intervals of 4 months in the last ten days, wherein the row width is 20-30cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 60-80cm; the outermost row is used for planting China rose (such as canary, dragon gem and the like) in the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the current year, transplanting and planting short-stalk multi-headed sunflower (such as Jin Yongbi green, infinite sunlight and the like) in the last 4 th of the next year, german iris and spiraea (the other three sides of the peach garden are the same as the three sides), and forming the three-dimensional multi-functional plant fence around the peach garden.
Wherein 2 plants are planted in a single hole of China rose, the hole distance is 40-50cm, the sunflower plant distance is 40-50cm, the German iris plant distance is 30-40cm, and the spiraea plant distance is 15-20cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can flexibly design the three-dimensional plant hedge structure and layout according to the actual production conditions of the orchard, has lower requirement on the site conditions of the orchard, is not limited by the scale area of the orchard, does not influence the normal production of the orchard, and has low investment.
2. The invention combines the surface water conservation and trapping landscape hedges, the ditch edge water conservation and the periphery of the peach garden to construct the three-dimensional functional hedges of the peach garden, thereby realizing the emission reduction of the surface runoff of the nutrients of the peach garden, the improvement of micro-regional habitat, the soil fertility improvement, the improvement of species diversity, the landscaping and the ecological prevention and control of diseases and insects, and having simple operation and good ecological effect and economic benefit. Specifically, by adopting a three-dimensional function hedge technology, the runoff nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration of the peach garden soil is reduced by 4.61 percent and 14.68 percent respectively, the water content of the surface soil of the peach garden in the full bearing period is obviously improved by 17.02 to 26.14 percent, and the number of aphids, the total aphid quantity, the aphid quantity and the hundred-tip aphid quantity of the peach trees are obviously reduced by 12.5 to 20.0 percent, 20.61 to 21.54 percent, 12.5 to 20.0 percent and 20.61 to 21.54 percent respectively.
3. The annual plants can be crushed and returned to the field in situ, so that the soil fertility of the peach orchard can be further improved, the application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the annual plants have potential forward ecological effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a surface water retention and trapping landscape hedge under a peach garden in the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a peach garden ditch water conservation landscape hedge in the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a water conservation landscape plant fence along the ditch of a peach garden in the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional hedge for trapping landscapes around a peach garden.
Wherein, in the figure:
1-surface water under peach gardens keeps away landscape hedges (pyrethrum); 2-surface water under peach gardens is used for keeping and trapping landscape hedges (purple three leaves); 3-surface water under peach gardens is used for keeping and trapping landscape hedges (golden flower vegetables); 4-a peach garden ditch water conservation landscape plant fence; 5-a water conservation landscape plant fence along the ditch of the peach garden; 6-trapping landscape three-dimensional hedges around the peach orchard; 7-drainage and diversion branch ditches among rows of the peach orchard fruit trees; 8-a peach garden drainage total ditch; 9-pyrethrum; 10-crimson three leaves; 11-broccoli; 12-Louisiana iris; 13-butterfly flowers; 14-vine China rose; 15-thioflos Chrysanthemi; 16-high stalk single head sunflower; 17-China rose; 18-dwarf multi-head sunflower; 19-German iris; 20-spiraea.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Taking Jiangsu tin-free juicy peach garden production examples as examples:
the test point is located in the Huishan area Luoshen town Yang Shirun Yang Cun of Wuxi city, jiangsu province, the shore of Taihu lake at the site, belongs to the northern subtropical humid monsoon climate area, the annual average temperature is about 16 ℃, the annual average sunlight is about 2000h, the annual precipitation is 1100-1200mm, and the annual frost free period is reached>230d. The soil of the test Tian Tao garden is yellow soil, the texture is biased, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil layer of 0-10 cm are as follows: pH (H) 2 O, 1:5) 4.44, organic matter (g.kg) -1 ) 36.78 all N (g.kg) -1 ) 2.96, all P (g.kg) -1 ) 0.35, quick-acting nitrogen (mg.kg) -1 ) 151.95 quick-acting phosphorus (mg. Kg) -1 ) 121.78 quick-acting potassium (mg. Kg) -1 ) 739.27. Experiments are carried out in 2019, 10 months and 2021, 7 months, peach tree varieties are lake scenery, tree ages are 10 years, and plant row spacing is 4m multiplied by 4m. Test field area of at least 2000m 2 Conventional production technology (habitual fertilization and cultivation) is used as a control.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the construction method of the three-dimensional functional plant hedges in the peach garden is constructed by the surface water under the peach garden to protect and trap landscape plant hedges, the ditch water to protect the landscape plant hedges 4, the ditch water to protect the landscape plant hedges 5 and the periphery of the peach garden to trap the landscape three-dimensional plant hedges 6.
The construction method of the surface water retention, trapping and avoiding landscape plant hedge under the peach garden comprises the steps of selecting functional plant varieties with insect expelling and deinsectization (pyrethrum), natural enemy trapping (red clover and golden flower), and garden landscape beautifying (red clover and golden flower) suitable for local climate and peach garden site conditions, and selecting the functional plant varieties with insect expelling and avoiding functionsThe day or the next day after the application of the peach garden base fertilizer, the peach garden is turned over, and functional plants such as pyrethrum 9, red clover 10, golden flower 11 and the like are reasonably planted in the peach garden in a close manner by adopting a autumn and winter sand mixing and broadcasting mode, and then seeds are covered. According to the regular shape of the peach garden, the planting of the pyrethrum 9 adopts a square shape to be arranged at the lower periphery of the peach garden, and according to the actual area of the peach garden, the width of the square pyrethrum 9 plant hedge is preferably the width of a single row peach tree (4 m), and the sowing amount is 20kg hm -2 Preferably, the method comprises the steps of. The purple three leaves 10 and the golden flower vegetables 11 are planted in the middle of the peach gardens in a strip mode, and the width of the hedges of the purple three leaves 10 and the golden flower vegetables 11 is preferably equal to the width of a single peach tree (4 m). Meanwhile, the middle strip under the peach garden is planted into two functional plants alternately, the single plant is suitable for the width of a single row peach tree (4 m) in the alternate arrangement, and the seeding quantity of the three leaves 10 and the cauliflower 11 in a crimson manner is 150kg & hm -2 Preferably, the method comprises the steps of. After emergence of seedlings, weeds are removed in time. In the implementation process, a portable soil moisture tester (AZS-2, beijing Australian crop ecological instrument Co., ltd.) is adopted to measure the water content of the surface layer of the peach orchard soil in the full bearing period.
The ditch water conservation view plant fence 4 selects wet-growth landscape plants with high shadow resistance and high stain resistance, namely Lewis Anna iris 12, selects two-year strong seedlings, and is planted in a drainage diversion branch ditch 7 between rows of fruit trees in the peach gardens and a drainage total ditch 8 of the peach gardens in the last ten days of 11 months of the current year, one row of the diversion branch ditches 7 is planted, the plant spacing is preferably 30cm, two rows of the drainage total ditches 8 can be alternately planted, and the plant spacing is preferably 30 cm. Pruning iris 12 after transplanting, and reserving 15cm overground parts to avoid water loss of plants and promote survival and branching in the next year. In the implementation process, the surface runoff water sample discharged through the peach garden drain total ditch is collected and timely brought back to a laboratory, and a full-automatic flow analyzer (SKALARsan is adopted ++ ) And detecting the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration of the runoff water sample.
The water along the ditch protects the landscape plant hedge 5, the landscape plant butterfly flower 13 with stronger shadow tolerance is selected, two-year strong seedlings are selected, the two-year strong seedlings are planted in the first 11 th of the current year on two sides of the ditch edge of the drainage diversion branch ditch 7 between the rows of the fruit trees in the peach gardens and the drainage total ditch 8 of the peach gardens, one row of the drainage diversion branch ditch 7 and the two sides of the drainage total ditch 8 are planted, the two rows of the drainage diversion branch ditch 7 and the two sides of the drainage total ditch 8 are alternately planted with the iris 12 in the ditch, and the plant spacing is preferably 30 cm. The butterfly flowers 13 are trimmed in winter, and the overground parts of 15cm are reserved, so that the water loss of plants is avoided, and the survival and the next-year branching are promoted.
The three-dimensional hedge 6 for trapping landscapes around the peach orchard is prepared by selecting high and large plant type functional plants such as China rose, sunflower, sulfur chrysanthemum and the like which are suitable for trapping natural enemies and beautifying the landscapes of the peach orchard and medium and large plant type functional plants such as iris, spiraea and the like, planting three rows of functional plants at intervals around the peach orchard, and reasonably densely planting adult China rose 14 (varieties such as pomace, free spirit, dragon fruits and the like) with different color systems on one side close to the fruit tree in the next 10 months of the year, wherein the plant spacing is preferably 40 cm. Sowing and planting the flowers 15 of Thunb 15 in the middle row in the middle of 3 months of the next year, wherein the row width is 30cm, and the sowing amount is 90kg hm -2 Preferably, two rows of high-stalk single-head sunflowers 16 (breeds such as breeds of summer breeds, golden sun and the like) are transplanted and planted in the first ten days of 4 months at intervals, the row width is 30cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 80 cm. The outermost row is used for transplanting and planting dwarf multi-head sunflower 18 (Jin Yongbi green, infinite sunlight and other varieties), german iris 19 and meadow 20 at intervals of 10 to 11 last 10 to 4 last 10 years of the current year according to the plant types of the functional plants. 2 plants are planted in a single hole of China rose 17, the hole spacing is 40cm, the sunflower plant spacing is 40cm, the German iris 19 plant spacing is 30cm, the spiraea 20 plant spacing is 15cm, and the three-dimensional multi-functional plant hedge 6 around the peach garden is formed. In the implementation process, the number of peach aphids is investigated periodically (4-6 months).
The three-dimensional functional plant hedge can flexibly design the structure and the layout of the three-dimensional plant hedge according to the actual production conditions of an orchard, has lower requirements on the site conditions of the orchard, is not limited by the scale area of the orchard, and does not influence the normal production of the orchard. The three-dimensional functional hedge for the peach garden is constructed by combining the surface water conservation and trapping landscape hedge, the ditch water conservation and landscape hedge, the ditch edge water conservation and landscape hedge and the three-dimensional landscape hedge for the peach garden, so that the reduction of the surface runoff of the nutrients of the peach garden, the improvement of micro-regional habitat, the soil fertility improvement, the improvement of species diversity, the landscaping and the ecological prevention and control of diseases and insects are realized, and the operation is simple.
Specifically, by adopting a three-dimensional function hedge technology, the runoff nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration of the peach garden soil is reduced by 4.61 percent and 14.68 percent respectively, the water content of the surface soil of the peach garden in the full bearing period is obviously improved by 17.02 to 26.14 percent, and the number of aphids, the total aphid quantity, the aphid quantity and the hundred-tip aphid quantity of the peach trees are obviously reduced by 12.5 to 20.0 percent, 20.61 to 21.54 percent, 12.5 to 20.0 percent and 20.61 to 21.54 percent respectively. Meanwhile, annual plants related to the plant hedge can be crushed and returned to the field in situ, so that the soil fertility of the peach orchard can be further improved, the application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the potential forward ecological effect is realized, and the specific reference can be seen in tables 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1 effects of reducing the emission of soil nutrient runoffs from peach orchard under hedge management mode
TABLE 2 peach orchard micro-domain environmental improvement Effect under hedge management technique mode
TABLE 3 peach garden aphid control effect under hedge management technique mode
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. A construction method of a three-dimensional functional plant fence of a peach garden is characterized in that the three-dimensional functional plant fence of the peach garden is constructed by surface water under the peach garden, a landscape plant fence is protected by ditch water, and the three-dimensional plant fence of the landscape is trapped around the peach garden;
the construction method of the surface water conservation, trapping and avoiding landscape hedges under the peach garden comprises the following steps: selecting functional plant varieties which are suitable for local climate and peach garden site conditions and have the functions of expelling insects and removing insects, trapping natural enemies and beautifying the garden landscape, and covering seeds after the functional plants are reasonably densely planted under the peach garden by adopting a autumn and winter sand mixing and sowing mode in combination with the turning of the peach garden on the day or the next day after the application of the base fertilizer of the peach garden;
the functional plants are pyrethrum, red clover and broccoli;
the close planting method of the functional plant specifically comprises the following steps: according to the regular shape of the peach garden, the pyrethrum is planted in the shape of a ring or square at the lower periphery of the peach garden, and according to the actual area of the peach garden, the planting width of the pyrethrum is the width of a single row peach tree or a double row peach tree, and the sowing amount is 15-20kg hm -2 ；
The purple-red three-leaf and the golden flower are planted in a middle strip mode under peach gardens, the width of the purple-red three-leaf and the golden flower is equal to that of a single-row peach tree or a double-row peach tree, meanwhile, the purple-red three-leaf and the golden flower are planted alternately, and the sowing quantity of the purple-red three-leaf and the golden flower is 120-150kg & hm -2 After emergence of seedlings, timely removing weeds;
the construction method of the ditch water conservation landscape hedge comprises the following steps: selecting two-year-old Louisiana iris strong seedlings, planting the two-year-old Louisiana iris strong seedlings in a drainage diversion branch ditch between rows of fruit trees below a peach garden and a drainage total ditch of the peach garden in the last 10 to 11 months, planting one row in the diversion branch ditch, alternately planting two rows in the drainage total ditch, wherein the plant spacing is 30-40cm, pruning the overground parts of the Louisiana iris plants after transplanting, and reserving 15-20cm overground parts;
the construction method of the ditch water conservation landscape hedge comprises the following steps: selecting two-year-old strong seedlings of iris, planting in the middle of rows of fruit trees under the peach gardens in the last 10 to last 11 months of the year, planting one row on both sides of the drainage diversion branch groove and the edge of the drainage main groove of the peach gardens, alternately planting the strong seedlings of iris with Louisiana in the grooves, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30cm, pruning the overground parts of the iris plants in winter, and reserving 15-20cm overground parts;
the construction method of the stereoscopic hedge for the scenery induced and collected around the peach orchard comprises the following steps: densely planting a row of adult vine China rose on one side close to a peach tree, then broadcasting and planting a row of sulfur chrysanthemum on the outer side of the vine China rose, and alternately transplanting two high-stalk single-head sunflowers in the sulfur chrysanthemum at intervals; then planting a row of mixed plants comprising China rose, dwarf multi-head sunflower, german iris and spiraea on the outer side of the sulfur chrysanthemum;
the construction method of the stereoscopic hedge for the scenery induced and collected around the peach garden specifically comprises the following steps: densely planting a row of adult vine China rose on one side of a peach tree in the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the year, sowing a row of sulfur chrysanthemum on the outer side of the vine China rose in the middle and last 3 rd of the next year, wherein the row width is 20-30cm, the sowing amount is 75-90kg & hm-2, and then alternately transplanting two rows of high-stalk single-head sunflower in the sulfur chrysanthemum in the last 4 th of the year at intervals, wherein the row width is 20-30cm and the plant spacing is 60-80cm;
the planting method of the mixed plant is that China rose is planted in the middle and late 10 months to the upper 11 months of the year, short-stalk multi-head sunflower, german iris and spiraea are transplanted at intervals of 4 months of the year, wherein 2 plants are planted in a single hole of China rose, the hole spacing is 40-50cm, the plant spacing of the short-stalk multi-head sunflower is 40-50cm, the plant spacing of the German iris is 30-40cm, and the plant spacing of the spiraea is 15-20cm.
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| CN113039989A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-29 | 安徽大学 | Intelligent ecological planting method for changing selenium-rich orchard into soil and controlling grass in hilly and mountainous areas |
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