CN113453794A - 羟乙基纤维素微胶囊 - Google Patents
羟乙基纤维素微胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113453794A CN113453794A CN201980092405.3A CN201980092405A CN113453794A CN 113453794 A CN113453794 A CN 113453794A CN 201980092405 A CN201980092405 A CN 201980092405A CN 113453794 A CN113453794 A CN 113453794A
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- polyquaternium
- microcapsule
- oil
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Abstract
本发明公开了各自具有微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁的微胶囊。微胶囊核含有活性材料,微胶囊壁含有羟乙基纤维素部分。还公开了制备方法,以及含有该微胶囊的消费品。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年2月8日提交的美国申请序列号62/803,024、2019年9月13日提交的62/899,866、2019年6月7日提交的62/858,632和2018年12月18日提交的62/781,162的优先权。所有申请的内容通过引用整体并入本文。
背景
与合成聚合物相比,消费者更喜欢环保产品。传统的递送系统广泛用于消费品中,用于以受控方式将香味或风味释放到目标区域。递送系统对于香味递送特别有用,其通常利用由合成聚合物例如三聚氰胺甲醛、聚脲或聚丙烯酸酯形成的微胶囊。
Mint等人在WO2016185171中报道了由天然材料制备的微胶囊,其中含有真菌壳聚糖。然而,Mint等人的工作不包括香味性能结果。丝素蛋白颗粒也已被用于封装芳香油(fragrance oil)。参见Kaplan等人,US 20150164117 A1。在消费品中没有报告性能优势。US4946624A描述了明胶微胶囊,其仅具有适度的香味性能。这些明胶微胶囊对于织物柔软剂等消费品来说不够好。
羟乙基纤维素(HEC)是一种源自纤维素的胶凝剂和增稠剂。它广泛用于化妆品、个人护理行业和医药产品。HEC还用作微胶囊中的乳化剂、改性剂等。参见例如US 8,765,659B2、US 9,725,684 B2、CN101984185B、US20130017239A1和US20100180386A1。HEC已被阳离子改性并作为涂层应用于微胶囊。参见例如US 9,011,887 B2、US20180078468和US20130216596A1。据报道,HEC不是微胶囊的优选表面改性剂。参见US 9,334,469。
需要开发具有高香味性能的环境友好型微胶囊,用于洗衣、洗涤、清洁、表面护理以及个人和皮肤护理。
发明内容
本发明基于以下发现:某些胶囊组合物具有出乎意料的期望性质,例如高感知嗅觉强度、高稳定性以及对环境友好。
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及一种微胶囊,其具有微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁,其中微胶囊核含有活性材料,并且基于微胶囊壁的重量,所述微胶囊壁含有30%至95%的衍生自羟乙基纤维素的第一部分,和5%至70%的一个或多个衍生自聚异氰酸酯、多官能醛、多酚、或它们的任意组合的其他部分。
优选地,微胶囊壁含有按重量计35%至90%(例如,40%至80%和40%至60%)的衍生自羟乙基纤维素的第一部分、2%至30%(例如,3%至20%和5%至15%)的衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分,1%至50%(例如,2%至40%和5%至30%)的衍生自多酚的第三部分(例如单宁酸),以及任选地0.5%至20%(例如,1%至15%和2%至10%)的衍生自多官能醛的第四部分,条件是第一、第二、第三、第四部分的总量为等于或小于100%。
示例性的聚异氰酸酯包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、以及它们的组合。有用的多官能醛是具有两个或更多个甲酰基(-CHO)基团的那些,例如戊二醛、乙二醛、二醛淀粉、丙二醛、以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,微胶囊壳还包含1%至60%水平的羟丙基纤维素。
优选地,微胶囊壳占微胶囊重量的10%至90%,并且微胶囊核占微胶囊重量的90%至10%。通常,微胶囊是直径为0.2μm至100μm大小的核-壳微胶囊。核-壳微胶囊具有围绕单个壳的微胶囊壁。
在上述任何微胶囊中,活性材料优选选自香料、香味前体(pro-fragrance)、风味剂、恶臭冲消剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗微生物活性剂、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、亮肤剂、驱昆虫剂、驱动物剂、驱害虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂、UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米到微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒、味道调节剂、细胞、益生菌、或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,活性材料是高性能香料。
任选地,任何上述微胶囊涂覆有选自以下的沉积聚合物:三甲基铵、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、二甲基铵、木糖、半乳糖、羟丙基化葡萄糖、羟乙基化葡萄糖、羟甲基化葡萄糖、壳聚糖、乙烯胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、己内酯、儿茶酚、乙烯醇、聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺与乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺与3-甲基丙烯酰基氨基丙基三甲基铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖、以及它们的组合。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种制备微胶囊组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:(i)提供具有分散在水相中的多个油滴的水包油乳液,其中水包油乳液含有表面活性剂和聚异氰酸酯,油相含有活性材料,水相含有羟乙基纤维素(HEC),(ii)获得含有水包油乳液、多官能醛和多酚的反应混合物,和(iii)提供足以在反应混合物中引发界面聚合以形成多个微胶囊的条件,从而得到微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊具有封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁。该方法任选地包括步骤(iv)在15℃至135℃下固化微胶囊。
该方法还可以具有向水包油乳液添加催化剂(例如,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷)的步骤。
在一些实施方案中,足以引发交联反应的条件是将反应混合物加热至至少35℃。
优选地,每个油滴的直径尺寸为0.1μm至100μm,并且每个微胶囊的直径尺寸为0.2μm至100μm。
合适的表面活性剂包括聚乙烯醇、聚磺苯乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、萘磺酸盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和季铵化二甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物、辛烯基琥珀酸酐(OSA)改性淀粉、OSA改性阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸盐、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、结冷胶、卵磷脂、改性卵磷脂、蛋白质、改性蛋白质、果胶、改性果胶、木质素、改性木质素、和它们的组合。
聚异氰酸酯可以微胶囊组合物重量的0.01%至10%的水平存在于油滴或水相中。多官能醛通常以例如水溶液的形式以微胶囊组合物重量的0.1%至2%的水平添加到水包油乳液中,并且多官能醛选自戊二醛、乙二醛、二醛淀粉、丙二醛、和它们的组合。HEC可以例如水溶液的形式以微胶囊组合物重量的1%至8%的水平添加到水包油乳液中。多官能醛或HEC可以两种单独的溶液或单一水溶液的形式添加到乳液中。也可以将多酚(例如,单宁酸)以微胶囊组合物重量的0.5%至5%的水平添加到水包油乳液中。
在一些实施方案中,羟丙基纤维素也以微胶囊组合物重量的0.2%至5%的水平加入到水包油乳液中。
通过上述任何方法制备的微胶囊组合物也在本发明的范围内。
仍然属于本发明范围内的是包含多个上述微胶囊的微胶囊组合物,这些微胶囊或者以浆料的形式分散在水相中,或者是干燥形式例如喷雾干燥的颗粒。
上述微胶囊及其组合物可用于在消费品中赋予香味,这些消费品例如是婴儿护理产品、尿布疹霜或香膏、婴儿爽身粉、尿布、围兜、婴儿湿巾、化妆品制剂、粉状粉底、粉底液、眼影、口红或润唇膏、家庭护理产品、多用途清洁剂、香滴剂产品(a scent drop product)、浴室清洁剂、地板清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、塑料抛光剂、漂白剂、马桶清洁剂、马桶圈、卫生纸、擦手纸、一次性湿巾、液体空气清新剂、空气清新剂喷雾、喷雾分配器产品、线香、地毯除臭剂、蜡烛、房间除臭剂、液体餐具洗涤剂、洗碗机用洗涤剂、粉剂餐具洗涤剂、皮革洗涤剂、片剂餐具洗涤剂、糊剂餐具洗涤剂、单位剂量片剂或胶囊、风味剂、饮料风味剂、乳制品风味剂、水果风味剂、混杂风味剂、甜品风味剂、烟草风味剂、牙膏风味剂、口香糖、口气清新剂、口服溶片(an orally dissolvable strips)、咀嚼糖、硬糖、口腔护理产品、牙膏、牙刷、牙线、漱口水、牙齿美白剂、假牙粘合剂、保健器具、卫生棉条、卫生巾、抗炎香膏、抗炎软膏、抗炎喷雾、消毒剂、个人护理产品、肥皂、条皂、液体皂、香氛沐浴乳(a bath fragrance)、沐浴液(a body wash)、非气溶胶身体喷雾、身体乳、清洁剂、身体霜、消毒洗手液、洗手液、功能性产品基料、防晒露、防晒喷雾、除臭剂、止汗剂、滚珠产品、气溶胶产品、天然喷雾产品、蜡基除臭剂、二醇类除臭剂、肥皂类除臭剂、面部乳液、身体乳液、手部乳液、杂用乳液、爽身粉、剃须霜(shave cream)、剃须凝胶、剃须膏(shave butter)、浴浸泡剂(a bath soak)、沐浴露(a shower gel)、去角质磨砂膏、足霜、面巾纸、清洁湿巾、滑石粉产品、护发产品、含氨护发产品、洗发剂、护发素、润丝剂(a hair rinse)、醒发水(a hair refresher)、头发定型或造型助剂、头发漂白剂、头发染料或着色剂、织物护理产品、织物柔软剂、液体织物柔软剂、织物柔软片剂、干燥剂片、织物清新剂、熨烫水、洗涤剂、衣物洗涤剂、液体衣物洗涤剂、衣物洗涤粉剂、衣物洗涤片剂、衣物洗涤条、衣物洗涤膏、手洗衣物洗涤剂、气味增强剂、香氛(afragrance)、古龙水、化合物、封装香氛、香水(fine fragrance)、男士香水、女士香水、香精(perfume)、固体香精、淡香水(Eau De Toilette)产品、天然喷雾产品、香精喷雾产品(perfume spray product)、驱虫产品和野生动植物气味。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在以下描述中阐述。根据说明书和权利要求书,本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将显而易见。
发明详述
已经发现某些HEC微胶囊具有出乎意料的高香味性能并且是环境友好的。这些HEC微胶囊组合物已成功地并入到许多消费应用中。
本发明的微胶囊可以按照以下步骤制备:(i)提供具有分散在水相中的多个油滴的水包油乳液,其中水包油乳液含有聚异氰酸酯,油相含有活性材料,水相含有羟乙基纤维素(HEC),水包油乳液还含有多官能醛、多酚或其两者,(ii)提供足以在反应混合物中引发界面聚合以形成微胶囊的条件,该微胶囊具有封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁,和(iii)任选地,在15℃至135℃的温度下固化微胶囊5分钟至48小时。在一些实施方案中,在步骤(i)或(ii)期间添加催化剂(例如,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷),以促进聚合。
水包油乳液可以使用常规乳液技术通过在胶囊形成助剂的存在下将油相乳化到水相中来制备。在一个实施方案中,油相包含活性材料(例如香料)、聚异氰酸酯和核溶剂(例如辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)。水相含有水和HEC,有或没有表面活性剂。在另一个实施方案中,油相包含活性材料和核溶剂。水相含有水、聚异氰酸酯和胶囊形成助剂。在又一个实施方案中,不将聚异氰酸酯在乳化之前添加到油相或水相中。它被添加到预先形成的水包油乳液中。
本发明的微胶囊也可以通过使用打印系统如3D打印机打印微胶囊壳和微胶囊核来制备。参见WO2016172699A1。印刷步骤通常包括以逐层方式沉积活性材料和微胶囊壳材料,优选通过单独的印刷头。微胶囊壳材料可以是如本文所述的聚合物或单体材料或水包油乳液。
因此制备的微胶囊各自的粒径(按直径计)范围为0.1微米至1000微米(例如,0.5微米至500微米、1微米至200微米和1微米至100微米),下限为0.1微米、0.5微米、1微米、2微米或5微米,且上限为1000微米、500微米、200微米、100微米、75微米、50微米或30微米。
微胶囊可以带正电荷或负电荷,ζ电位为-200mV至+200mV(例如,10mV或更高,25mV或更高,40mV或更高,25mV至200mV和40mV至100mV),下限为-200mV、-150mV、-100mV、-50mV、-25mV、-10mV、0mV、10mV、20mV或40mV,且上限为200mV、150mV、100mV、50mV、40mV、20mV、10mV、0mV、-10mV和-25mV。优选地,每个微胶囊都带正电荷。不受理论的束缚,带正电荷的微胶囊对特定的有生命和无生命的表面(例如毛发和织物)具有强亲和力,并且在某些消费品基料(例如护发素、洗发剂、沐浴露和织物调理剂)中出乎意料地稳定。
本发明的HEC微胶囊各自具有微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁。
微胶囊壁由包含一种或多种封装聚合物的聚合物网络形成。不受任何理论束缚,两种或更多种封装聚合物可以交联或交织以形成聚合物网络。示例性封装聚合物是聚氨酯聚合物,其是HEC和聚异氰酸酯之间的反应产物,其中HEC上的羟基(-OH)与聚异氰酸酯上的异氰酸酯基团(-NCO)反应以形成聚氨酯键。多酚(例如,单宁酸)也与聚异氰酸酯反应形成聚氨酯聚合物。封装聚合物的另一个例子是HEC和多官能醛之间的缩醛或半缩醛产物,其中HEC上的羟基(-OH)与多官能醛上的甲酰基(-CHO)反应以形成缩醛或半缩醛聚合物。多酚还可与多官能醛反应形成缩醛或半缩醛聚合物。优选同时具有聚氨酯聚合物和缩醛/半缩醛聚合物以形成具有足够稳定性、良好降解性和令人满意的香味释放特性的微胶囊壁。
在一个实例中,本发明的微胶囊具有由包含至少四个部分的聚合物网络形成的微胶囊壁:第一部分衍生自HEC,第二部分衍生自聚异氰酸酯,第三部分衍生自多酚,以及第四部分衍生自多官能醛。
微胶囊壁具有内表面和外表面。内表面与微胶囊核接触。外表面与微胶囊所在的环境,例如水相、皮肤和毛发接触。
羟乙基纤维素
羟乙基纤维素(HEC)已广泛用作胶凝剂、增稠剂、粘合剂、粘合增强剂、水泥增量剂、涂料和光学增白剂助剂、涂料聚合物、过滤控制添加剂、生坯强度增强剂、保护性胶体、回弹或坍落度降低剂、流变控制剂和改性剂、润滑性和和操作容易性增强剂、悬浮和稳定剂、保形增强剂和增稠剂。
HEC是一种非离子水溶性聚合物,通常具有1000道尔顿至10,000,000道尔顿的摩尔质量。市售HEC产品以白色、自由流动的颗粒粉末形式出售。它可以NatrosolTM(Ashland,科温顿,肯塔基州)、CELLOSIZETM(Dow,米德兰,密歇根州)和TyloseTM(ShinEtsu,东京,日本)的商品名获得。
HEC通常通过将环氧乙烷与碱性纤维素在严格控制的条件下反应而制得,其中环氧乙烷与纤维素上的羟基反应,以在纤维素的脱水葡萄糖单元上形成羟乙基取代基。理想化的HEC结构如下所示,其中右侧脱水葡萄糖单元上有一个羟乙基取代,并且左侧单元上有两个羟乙基取代:
其中n通常为200到4,000。
羟乙基添加到脱水葡萄糖单元的方式可以用取代度(D.S.)和摩尔取代度(M.S.)来描述。
取代度是指每个脱水葡萄糖单元上已与环氧乙烷反应的羟基的平均数目。适用于本发明的HEC的DS为0.1至3(例如,0.5至3、1至3、0.5至1.5、0.1、0.5、1、1.5、2和3)。
摩尔取代度是指添加到每个脱水葡萄糖单元上的环氧乙烷的平均数。HEC可以具有0.1到5的MS(例如,0.5到4、1到3、1.5和2)。
通常,HEC占微胶囊壁重量的10%至95%(例如,15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至80%、30%至75%、45%、55%、65%和75%)。在微胶囊组合物中,HEC以微胶囊组合物重量的0.5%至15%(1%至10%、2%至8%和3%至7%)的水平存在。
当HEC与其他多糖或糖醇组合使用时,HEC的含量可以处于该范围的低端,例如10%至50%和15%至40%。当与羟丙基纤维素(HPC)组合使用时,HEC与HPC的比例可以为1:9至9:1(例如,2:8至8:2、3:7至7:3、4:6至6:4、1:2、1:3、4:1和5:1)。
聚异氰酸酯
聚异氰酸酯具有至少两个对HEC或多酚具有反应性的异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团。聚异氰酸酯可以是芳族的、脂族的、直链的、支链的或环状的。它可以是水溶性的或水分散性的。或者,它可溶于有机溶剂或芳香油。在一些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯平均含有2至4个异氰酸酯基团。在特定实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯含有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团。在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是水不溶性的。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚异氰酸酯是芳族聚异氰酸酯。期望地,芳族聚异氰酸酯包括苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基或二苯基部分作为芳族组分。在某些实施方案中,芳族聚异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物或亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。
一类合适的芳族聚异氰酸酯是具有以下所示的通式结构及其结构异构体
其中n可在零至所需数值(例如,0-50、0-20、0-10和0-6)之间变化,取决于所用交联剂的类型。优选地,n的数目限于小于6。起始聚异氰酸酯也可以是其中n的值可在0到6之间变化的聚异氰酸酯的混合物。在起始聚异氰酸酯是各种聚异氰酸酯的混合物的情况下,n的平均值优选落在0.5至1.5之间。可商购的聚异氰酸酯包括以下商品名的产品:M20(化学名称:聚合亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯,即“PMDI”;商购自BASF,含有31.5wt%的异氰酸酯基团“NCO”),其中平均n为0.7;PAPITM 27(商购自Dow Chemical的PMDI,平均分子量为340,并含有31.4wt%的NCO),其中平均n为0.7;MR(PMDI,含有31wt%或更多的NCO,商购自Covestro,匹兹堡,宾夕法尼亚州),其中平均n为0.8;MR Light(PMDI,含有31.8wt%的NCO,商购自Covestro),其中平均n为0.8;489(PMDI,商购自Covestro,含有30-31.4wt%的NCO),其中平均n为1;聚[(异氰酸苯酯)-共-甲醛](Aldrich Chemical,密尔沃基,WI),其他异氰酸酯单体,例如N3200(聚(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯),商购自Covestro)和TakenateTM D-110N(亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,Mitsui Chemicals America,Inc.,黑麦布鲁克,NY,含有11.5wt%的NCO),L75(一种基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯,商购自Covestro),和IL(另一种基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯,商购自Covestro)。
本发明的某些可商购的聚异氰酸酯的结构如下所示:
或其结构异构体。R可以是C1-C10烷基、C1-C10酯或异氰脲酸酯。这种结构的代表性聚异氰酸酯为TAKENATETM D-110N(Mitsui)、L75(Covestro)和IL(Covestro)。
聚异氰酸酯TakenateTM D-110N和其他聚异氰酸酯通常以乙酸乙酯溶液形式市售获得。优选地,乙酸乙酯被具有高闪点(例如,至少100℃、至少120℃和至少150℃)的溶剂替代。合适的溶剂包括三乙酸甘油酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、苯甲酸苄酯、和它们的组合。
作为一个示例,将亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物的乙酸乙酯溶液(TakenateTM D-110N)与苯甲酸苄酯混合,并真空蒸馏除去乙酸乙酯,得到含有约59%的亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物溶液和41%的苯甲酸苄酯的聚异氰酸酯溶液。这种聚异氰酸酯溶液的闪点为至少60℃。这种聚异氰酸酯的苯甲酸苄酯溶液与PVP/PQ-11或II/CMC一起可用于制备本发明的微胶囊组合物。
芳族聚异氰酸酯的其他实例包括1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化MDI、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二-和四烷基-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、亚甲苯基二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体、4,4'-二异氰酸根合苯基-全氟乙烷、邻苯二甲酸二异氰酸根合乙酯,以及具有反应性卤素原子的聚异氰酸酯,例如1-氯甲基苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、1-溴甲基-苯基2,6-二异氰酸酯和3,3-双氯甲基醚4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯、以及它们的组合。
在其他特定实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是脂族聚异氰酸酯,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲。示例性的脂族聚异氰酸酯包括商业产品,例如,N302、N303、N304和N305,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族水分散性产品;N3600、N3700和N3900,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的低粘度、多官能脂族聚异氰酸酯;和3600和N100,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族聚异氰酸酯,每种都可从Covestro,匹兹堡,PA)获得。更多实例包括1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根合-2,2,4-三甲基-己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根合-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1-异氰酸根合甲基-3-异氰酸根合-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷、氯化和溴化二异氰酸酯、含磷二异氰酸酯、四甲氧基丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯,和它们的组合。含硫聚异氰酸酯例如通过使六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与硫二甘醇或二羟基二己基硫化物反应而获得。其他合适的二异氰酸酯是三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合十二烷、二聚体脂肪酸二异氰酸酯、以及它们的组合。
有用的聚异氰酸酯的重均分子量在200Da至2500Da、250Da至1000Da并且优选在275Da至500Da之间变化。
聚异氰酸酯含量的范围可在按微囊壁重量计0.2%至40%(例如,0.4%至35%、0.5%至30%、1%至25%、2%至25%和5%至20%)之间变化。在微胶囊组合物中,聚异氰酸酯的量从0.1%至20%(例如,0.1%至15%、0.2%至10%、1.5%至3.5%、0.4%至1.2%、0.5%至1%、0.6%至0.8%,均基于总胶囊组合物)之间变化。
HEC和聚异氰酸酯的比例在1:1至10:1之间变化(例如,2:1到9:1、3:1到8:1、4:1到7:1和5:1到6:1)。
在制备本发明的微胶囊组合物的过程中,可以将聚异氰酸酯添加到水相或油相中。优选地,将聚异氰酸酯添加到水相中。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备本发明的微胶囊的多官能异氰酸酯是单一聚异氰酸酯。在其他实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是聚异氰酸酯的混合物。在一些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯的混合物包括脂族聚异氰酸酯和芳族聚异氰酸酯。在特定的实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯的混合物是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲和亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是脂族异氰酸酯或脂族异氰酸酯的混合物,不含任何芳族异氰酸酯。换句话说,在这些实施方案中,没有使用芳族异氰酸酯来制备作为胶囊壁材料的封装聚合物。更多的聚异氰酸酯实例可在WO2004/054362和WO 2017/192648中找到。
多官能醛
多官能醛各自具有两个或更多个甲酰基(-CHO)。合适的多官能醛包括戊二醛、乙二醛、二醛淀粉、丙二醛、琥珀二醛、1,3-丙二醛、1,4-丁二醛、1,5-戊二醛和1,6-己烷;以及诸如乙醛酰三聚体和多聚甲醛、双(二甲基)缩醛、双(二乙基)缩醛的化合物;聚合二醛,如氧化淀粉。
多酚
示例性多酚包括具有3,4,5-三羟基苯基或3,4-二羟基苯基的那些。优选的多酚是单宁酸,其具有如下的典型化学结构:
上述化学式常作为C76H52O46给出,其对应于十没食子酰葡萄糖。然而,可商购的单宁酸通常包含聚没食子酰葡萄糖或聚没食子酰奎尼酸酯的混合物,每个分子的没食子酰基部分的数量范围为2至20(例如2至15和2至12),分子量为400道尔顿至3500道尔顿(例如,496至3232道尔顿、496道尔顿至2472道尔顿、180+152n道尔顿和192+152n道尔顿,其中n为2至13)。单宁酸在含1%单宁酸的水溶液中具有弱酸性(例如pKa为6左右),pH值为2至5(例如3-4和2.5至3.5)。单宁酸在25℃下的水溶解度为100g/L至2850g/L(例如,250g/L)。
单宁酸通常从以下任何植物部位中提取:Tara豆荚(刺云实(Caesalpiniaspinosa))、来自盐肤木(Rhus semialata)或栎树(Quercus infectoria)或西西里漆树(Sicilian Sumac)叶(Rhus coriaria)的五倍子。单宁酸可从供应商例如Sigma-Aldrich(St Louis)和Ajinomoto OmniChem(Wetteren,Belgium)以以下商品名商购获得:01(聚没食子酰葡萄糖,分子量为1440道尔顿)、02(聚没食子酰葡萄糖,分子量为1040道尔顿)和04(聚没食子酰奎尼酸酯,分子量为860道尔顿)。
除了多酚之外,还可以使用其他多元醇。参见WO 2015/023961中描述的多元醇。实例包括季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、新戊二醇、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、岩藻糖醇、艾杜糖醇、肌醇、庚七醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽三糖醇、麦芽四糖醇、多糖醇(polyglycitol)、多酚及其组合。
胶囊形成助剂
微胶囊组合物通常在胶囊形成助剂的存在下制备,该助剂可以是表面活性剂或分散剂。胶囊形成助剂还改善了微胶囊组合物的性能。性能是通过在某些阶段释放的香味强度来衡量的,例如,洗衣应用中的揉搓前(pre-rub)和揉搓后(post-rub)阶段。揉搓前阶段是当胶囊已经沉积在布料上时的阶段,例如,在使用含有胶囊的织物柔软剂或洗涤剂的洗涤循环之后。揉搓后阶段是在胶囊通过揉搓或其他机制沉积和破裂之后。
在一些实施方案中,胶囊形成助剂是保护胶体或乳化剂,包括例如马来酸-乙烯基共聚物,例如乙烯基醚与马来酸酐或酸的共聚物、木质素磺酸钠、马来酸酐/苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物以及环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、萘磺酸缩合物的钠盐、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚氧乙烯化山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、和它们的组合。胶囊形成助剂(例如,表面活性剂和分散剂)的浓度在按胶囊组合物重量计的0.1%至5%(例如,0.2%至4%、0.5%至4%、0.5%至2.5%和1%至2%)之间变化。
可商购的表面活性剂包括但不限于磺化萘-甲醛缩合物,例如D-425(烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物,可商购自Akzo Nobel,沃思堡,德克萨斯州);商品名为的部分水解的聚乙烯醇,例如3-83(可商购自Kuraray,休斯顿,德克萨斯州);环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物或泊洛沙姆,例如或(BASF);磺化聚苯乙烯,例如II(Akzo Nobel);乙烯-马来酸酐聚合物,例如(VertellusSpecialties Inc.,印第安纳波利斯,印地安那州);和聚季铵盐系列,例如聚季铵盐11(“PQ11”;乙烯基吡咯烷酮和季铵化甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的共聚物;由BASF以PQ11AT 1销售)。
加工助剂也可用作胶囊形成助剂。它们包括水胶体,其改善浆液抗凝结、沉降和乳状液分层的胶体稳定性。术语“水胶体”是指一大类具有阴离子、阳离子、两性离子或非离子特性的水溶性或水分散性聚合物。可用于本发明的水胶体包括但不限于多碳水化合物,例如淀粉、改性淀粉、糊精、麦芽糖糊精和纤维素衍生物,以及它们的季铵化形式;天然胶例如海藻酸酯、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、琼脂、果胶、果胶酸,以及天然胶例如阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶和刺梧桐树胶、瓜尔胶和季铵化瓜尔胶;明胶、蛋白质水解物及其季铵化形式;合成聚合物和共聚物,例如聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯醇-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚((甲基)丙烯酸)、聚(马来酸)、聚(烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯-共-(甲基)丙烯酸)、聚(丙烯酸-共-马来酸)共聚物、聚(环氧烷)、聚(乙烯基-甲基醚)、聚(乙烯基醚-共-马来酸酐)等,以及聚(乙烯亚胺)、聚((甲基)丙烯酰胺)、聚(环氧烷-共-二甲基硅氧烷)、聚(氨基二甲基硅氧烷)等,以及它们的季铵化形式。
胶囊形成助剂还可在加工过程中与羧甲基纤维素(“CMC”)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物和/或表面活性剂组合使用以促进胶囊形成。这些表面活性剂的实例包括十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)、商品名为(例如F127)、(例如F127)或的泊洛沙姆,皂苷例如(National Starch Food Innovation);或阿拉伯树胶,例如Seyal或Senegal。在某些实施方案中,CMC聚合物的分子量(例如,重均分子量)范围为90,000道尔顿至1,500,000道尔顿,优选250,000道尔顿至750,000道尔顿,更优选400,000道尔顿至750,000道尔顿。CMC聚合物的取代度为0.1至3,优选为0.65至1.4,更优选为0.8至1。CMC聚合物以0.1%至2%、优选0.3%至0.7%的水平存在于胶囊浆液中。在其他实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮是水溶性聚合物并且具有1,000道尔顿至10,000,000道尔顿的分子量(例如重均分子量)。合适的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K12、K15、K17、K25、K30、K60、K90或其混合物。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的量按微胶囊组合物的重量计为2%至50%、5%至30%或10%至25%。
催化剂
在一些实施方案中,添加催化剂以促进胶囊壁的形成。实例包括金属碳酸盐、金属氢氧化物、氨基或有机金属化合物并且包括例如碳酸钠、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(即DABCO)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙醇、N,N-二甲基环己胺、双-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N二甲基乙酰胺、辛酸亚锡和二月桂酸二丁基锡。在一些实施方案中,催化剂被添加到水包油乳液中以减少不期望的残基,例如异氰酸酯和胺。
其他封装聚合物
本发明的微胶囊组合物任选地具有第二、第三、第四、第五或第六微胶囊,每个微胶囊由选自溶胶-凝胶聚合物(例如二氧化硅)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、聚脲、聚氨酯、淀粉、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)及其组合。也可将支化聚乙烯亚胺及其衍生物包覆在微胶囊壁上,制备具有正ζ电位的微胶囊。
这些封装聚合物在下面详细描述。
溶胶-凝胶微胶囊。这些微胶囊具有由溶胶-凝胶聚合物形成的微胶囊壁,溶胶-凝胶聚合物是溶胶-凝胶前体通过聚合反应(例如水解)的反应产物。合适的溶胶-凝胶前体是能够形成凝胶的化合物,例如含有硅、硼、铝、钛、锌、锆和钒的化合物。优选的前体是有机硅、有机硼和有机铝,包括金属烷氧化物和b-二酮化物。
适用于本发明目的的溶胶-凝胶前体特别选自二-、三-和/或四官能硅酸、硼酸和铝酯,更特别是烷氧基硅烷(原硅酸烷基酯)、以及它们的前体。
适用于本发明目的的溶胶-凝胶前体的一个实例是对应于以下通式的烷氧基硅烷:
(R1O)(R2O)M(X)(X’),
其中X可以是氢或–OR3;X’可以是氢或–OR4;且R1、R2、R3和R4独立地代表有机基团,更特别是直链或支链烷基,优选C1-C12烷基。M可以是Si、Ti或Zr。
优选的溶胶/凝胶前体是对应于以下通式的烷氧基硅烷:(R1O)(R2O)Si(X)(X’),其中X、X’、R1和R2中的每一个如上所定义。
特别优选的化合物是硅酸酯,例如原硅酸四甲酯(TMOS)和原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)。优选的化合物包括(有机功能硅烷,可商购自Degussa Corporation,帕西帕尼,新泽西州,USA)。适用于本发明目的的其他溶胶-凝胶前体描述于例如德国专利申请DE10021165中。这些溶胶-凝胶前体是各种可水解的有机硅烷,例如烷基硅烷、烷氧基硅烷、烷基烷氧基硅烷和有机烷氧基硅烷。除了烷基和烷氧基之外,其他有机基团(例如烯丙基、氨基烷基、羟烷基等)可以作为取代基连接到硅上。
认识到金属和半金属烷氧化物单体(及其部分水解和缩合的聚合物)例如四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)等是许多分子和活性成分的非常好的溶剂,这是非常有利的,因为它有助于溶解高浓度的活性材料,因此最终胶囊中的负载量高。
聚丙烯酸酯微胶囊、聚丙烯酰胺微胶囊和聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)微胶囊。这些微胶囊由形成微胶囊壁的相应前体制备。优选的前体是双官能或多官能乙烯基单体,包括例如但不限于,甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸四乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯/丙烯酰胺、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三烯丙基甲醛三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、脂族或芳族尿烷二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、双官能尿烷丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化脂族双功能尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、脂族或芳族尿烷二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、环氧丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、环氧甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化双酚二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化双酚二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、烷氧基化己二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、烷氧基化环己烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化甘油基三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 200二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 400二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 600二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、3-丙烯酰氧基二醇单丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丙烯酰基甲醛(triacryl formal)、异氰酸三烯丙酯和异氰脲酸三烯丙酯。
单体通常在活化剂(例如引发剂)的存在下在升高的温度(例如,30-90℃)下或在紫外光下聚合。示例性引发剂是2,2'-偶氮双(异丁腈)(“AIBN”)、过氧化二碳酸二(十六烷基)酯、二(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二癸酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过月桂酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、氢过氧化叔丁酯、氢过氧化枯烯、乙基过氧化枯烯、二异丙基羟基二羧酸酯、2,2'-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、1,1'-偶氮双-(环己烷-l-甲腈)、二甲基2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸酯)、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟基乙基)丙酰胺、过硫酸钠、过氧化苯甲酰、以及它们的组合。
用于形成这些胶囊壁的乳化剂通常是阴离子乳化剂,包括但不限于烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基异硫磺酸盐、烷基羧酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基琥珀酸盐、烷基硫酸盐例如十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基肌氨酸盐、蛋白质水解物的烷基衍生物、酰基天冬氨酸盐、烷基或烷基醚或烷基芳基醚磷酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、磷脂或卵磷脂、或肥皂、硬脂酸、油酸或棕榈酸钠、钾或铵、烷基芳基磺酸盐如十二烷基苯磺酸钠、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、二月桂基磺基琥珀酸钠、聚(苯乙烯磺酸)钠盐、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、硫酸纤维素和果胶、聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯)、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、海藻酸钠、果胶酸、黄蓍胶、杏仁胶和琼脂;半合成聚合物,例如羧甲基纤维素、硫酸化纤维素、硫酸化甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、磷酸化淀粉、木质素磺酸;和合成聚合物,例如马来酸酐共聚物(包括其水解产物)、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或巴豆酸均聚物和共聚物、乙烯基苯磺酸或2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸均聚物和共聚物,以及此类聚合物和共聚物的部分酰胺或部分酯、羧基改性聚乙烯醇、磺酸改性聚乙烯醇和磷酸改性聚乙烯醇、磷酸化或硫酸化三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物。阴离子乳化剂的量按所有成分重量计为0.1%至40%,更优选为0.5%至10%,更优选按重量计为0.5%至5%。
氨基塑料(aminoplasts)和明胶。在US 3,516,941和US 2007/0078071中公开了用于氨基塑料封装的代表性方法,然而认识到关于材料和工艺步骤的许多变化都是可能的。US 2,800,457中公开了另一种封装方法,即明胶封装。这两种方法分别在美国专利号4,145,184和5,112,688中在用于消费品的香味封装中讨论了。聚合物系统是本领域公知的,并且这些系统的非限制性实例包括如GB 2006709 A中公开的氨基塑料胶囊和封装的颗粒;如US 4,396,670中公开的,生产具有包含与三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐的壁的微胶囊;如US 5,089,339中公开的与三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂交联的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物;如US 5,401,577中公开的由阳离子三聚氰胺-甲醛缩合物组成的胶囊;如US 3,074,845中公开的三聚氰胺甲醛微囊化;如EP 0 158 449 A1中公开的酰胺醛树脂原位聚合胶囊;如US 5,204,185中公开的醚化脲-甲醛聚合物;如US 4,525,520中描述的三聚氰胺-甲醛微胶囊;如US 5,011,634中描述的交联油溶性三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物;如US 5,013,473中公开的由然后交联的阳离子和阴离子三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物的复合物形成的胶囊壁材料;如US 3,516,941中公开的由加成聚合物例如缩聚物、酚醛、脲醛或丙烯酸聚合物制成的聚合物壳;如EP 0 443 428 A2中公开的脲甲醛胶囊;如GB 2 062 570 A中公开的三聚氰胺-甲醛化学过程;以及由酸的盐形式的苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物或共聚物组成的胶囊,和如US 4,001,140中公开的与三聚氰胺-甲醛交联的胶囊。
脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺甲醛胶囊。脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物胶囊壳壁前体通过使脲或三聚氰胺与甲醛反应来制备,其中三聚氰胺或脲与甲醛的摩尔比在10:1至1:6的范围内,优选地在1:2至1:5的范围内。为了实施本发明,所得材料的分子量在156Da至3000Da的范围内。所得材料可以“原样”用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以进一步与C1-C6烷醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、3-丙醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇或1-己醇)反应,从而形成部分醚,其中三聚氰胺/脲:甲醛:烷醇的摩尔比在1:(0.1-6):(0.1-6)的范围内。所得含醚部分的产物可以“原样”用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以自缩合形成二聚体、三聚体和/或四聚体,其也可以用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂。形成此类三聚氰胺-甲醛和脲-甲醛预缩合物的方法在美国专利号6,261,483和Lee et al.(2002)J.Microencapsulation 19,559-569中阐述。
可用于本发明的实践中的脲-甲醛预缩合物的实例是URACTM 180和URACTM 186,Cytec Technology Corp.(威尔明顿,DE)的商标。可用于本发明实践中的三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物的实例包括但不限于U-60\U-64和U-65,CytecTechnology Corp.(威尔明顿,DE)的商标。优选使用取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物作为用于交联的预缩合物。在实施本发明时,脲-甲醛预缩合物/三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物与取代/未取代的丙烯酸聚合物/共聚物的摩尔比范围为9:1至1:9,优选为5:1至1:5,最优选2:1至1:2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,也可以使用具有由伯胺和/或仲胺反应性基团或其混合物和交联剂组成的聚合物的微胶囊。参见US 2006/0248665。胺聚合物可具有伯胺和/或仲胺官能团并且可以是天然或合成来源的。天然来源的含胺聚合物通常是蛋白质,例如明胶和清蛋白,以及一些多糖。合成胺聚合物包括不同程度水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺、聚乙烯胺、聚烯丙胺和其他具有伯胺和仲胺侧基的合成聚合物。合适的胺聚合物的实例是可从BASF获得的系列的聚乙烯基甲酰胺。这些材料的分子量范围可以为10,000Da至1,000,000Da。
这些胶囊还可以包括能够结合游离甲醛的甲醛清除剂。当胶囊用于水性介质时,甲醛清除剂例如亚硫酸钠、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸和碳肼(carbohydrazine)是合适的。当胶囊欲用于具有低pH的产品(例如织物护理调理剂)中时,甲醛清除剂优选选自β二酮,例如β-酮酯,或选自1,3-二醇,例如丙二醇。优选的β-酮酯包括丙二酸烷基酯、乙酰乙酸烷基酯和聚乙烯醇乙酰乙酸酯。
本发明的微胶囊组合物任选地含有一种或多种另外的微胶囊,例如第二、第三、第四、第五或第六微胶囊。这些微胶囊中的每一个都可以是上述任何微胶囊。
这些额外的微胶囊可以是上述任何微胶囊,但在微胶囊尺寸、聚合度、交联度、封装聚合物、壁厚度、活性材料、壁材料和活性材料之间的比例、破裂力或断裂强度等方面彼此不同。
活性材料
微胶囊核可包含一种或多种活性材料,包括风味剂和/或香料成分(fragranceingredients),例如芳香油。可封装的个体活性材料包括在WO 2016049456第38-50页中列出的那些。这些活性材料包括风味剂或香料成分、掩味剂、味觉剂(taste sensates)、恶臭冲消剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗菌剂、防晒活性剂、抗氧化剂、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗真菌剂、抗生素、抗病毒剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、皮肤病活性成分、酶和辅酶、皮肤美白剂、抗组胺剂、化学治疗剂、驱昆虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂、UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂、驱动物剂、驱害虫剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米至微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒,以及它们的组合。
设想了高性能、高冲击(high impact)的香料。WO 2018/071897中描述了一类高性能香料。这些香料具有高强度谐香(accord),含有(i)至少7wt%(例如,7至95wt%)的第1类香料成分,(ii)5至95wt%(例如,5至80wt%,10至80wt%,和10至70wt%)的第2类香料成分,和(iii)0至80wt%的第3类香料成分,其中第1类香料成分各自具有8.5cm/秒或更大的实验速度,第2类香料成分各自具有小于8.5cm/秒且大于5cm/秒的实验速度,第3类香料成分各自具有5cm/秒或更小的实验速度。在一些实施方案中,第1类香料成分、第2类香料成分和第3类香料成分的总和为100%。在其他实施方案中,第1类和第2类成分的总和为20%至100wt%。适用于本发明的其他高冲击香料是在WO 1999/065458、US 9,222,055、US 2005/0003975和WO1997/034987中描述的那些。
除了上面列出的活性材料之外,本发明的产品还可以含有例如以下染料、着色剂或颜料:乳黄素(核黄素)、β-胡萝卜素、核黄素-5'-磷酸、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、鸡油菌素、赤藓红、姜黄素、喹啉黄、黄橙S、酒石黄、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素(胭脂树红、奥尔良(orlean))、辣椒黄素、辣椒红素、番茄红素、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素酸乙酯、叶黄素类(黄黄质、黄体素、隐黄质、玉红黄质、紫黄质、紫松果黄素(rodoxanthin))、永固洋红(胭脂红酸、胭脂虫红)、偶氮红质、胭脂虫红A(PonceauTM 4R)、甜菜红、甜菜苷、花青素、苋菜红、专利蓝V、靛蓝I(靛蓝胭脂红)、叶绿素类、叶绿素铜化合物、酸亮绿BS(丽丝胺绿)、亮黑BN、植物碳、二氧化钛、铁氧化物和氢氧化物、碳酸钙、铝、银、金,颜料宝石红BK(立索尔宝红BK)、甲基紫B、维多利亚蓝R、维多利亚蓝B、酸性艳蓝FFR(亮羊毛蓝FFR)、萘酚绿B、酸性固绿10G(碱性固绿10G)、谷神黄GRN(ceres yellow GRN)、苏丹蓝II、群青、酞菁蓝、酞菁绿、坚牢酸性紫R。其他天然获得的提取物(例如辣椒粉提取物、黑胡萝卜提取物、红甘蓝提取物)可用于着色目的。使用以下命名的色料(即所谓的铝色淀)也可以获得良好的结果:FD&C黄5号色淀、FD&C蓝2号色淀、FD&C蓝1号色淀、酒石黄色淀、喹啉黄色淀、FD&C黄6号色淀、FD&C红40号色淀、日落黄色淀、红色酸性染料色淀(Carmoisine Lake)、苋菜红色淀、Ponceau 4R色淀、赤藓红色淀(Erythrosyne Lake)、红2G色淀、诱惑红色淀、专利蓝V色淀、靛蓝胭脂红色淀、亮蓝色淀、棕HT色淀、黑PN色淀、绿S色淀、和它们的混合物。
当活性材料为香料时,优选使用香料中的ClogP为0.5至15的香料成分。例如,ClogP值在0.5至8之间(例如,1至12之间、1.5至8之间、2至7之间、1至6之间、2至6之间、2至5之间、3至7之间)的成分按香料重量计为25%或更高(例如,50%或更高和90%或更高)。
优选使用重均ClogP为2.5或更高(例如3或更高、2.5至7、2.5至5)的香料。重均ClogP计算如下:
ClogP={Sum[(Wi)(ClogP)i]}/{Sum Wi},
其中Wi是每种香料成分的重量分数,(ClogP)i是该香料成分的ClogP。
举例来说,优选大于60wt%(优选大于80wt%,更优选大于90wt%)的香料化学品具有大于2(优选大于3.3,更优选大于4,甚至更优选大于4.5)的ClogP值。
本领域技术人员将理解,可以使用各种溶剂和香料化学品来形成许多香料。使用相对低至中等的ClogP香料成分将得到适合封装的香料。这些香料通常是水不溶性的,通过本发明的胶囊系统被递送到处于不同阶段的消费品上,例如潮湿和干燥的织物。在不封装的情况下,游离香料通常在使用(例如洗涤)过程中蒸发或溶解在水中。虽然高ClogP材料通常可以很好地从消费品中的常规(非封装)香料中释放出来,但它们具有出色的封装性质,也适用于封装以实现整体香味特征的目的、非常持久的香味传递或克服与消费品(例如以其他方式不稳定、导致产品增稠或变色或以其他方式对所需的消费品性质产生负面影响的香料材料)不兼容。
在一些实施方案中,封装的活性材料的量按微胶囊组合物的重量计为5%至95%(例如,10%至90%、15%至80%和20%至60%)。胶囊壁的量也按微胶囊组合物的重量计为0.5%至30%(例如1%至25%、2至20%和5至15%)。在其他实施方案中,封装的活性材料的量按微胶囊的重量计为15%至99.5%(例如20%至98%和30%至90%),胶囊壁的量按微胶囊的重量计为0.5%至85%(例如,2至50%和5至40%)。
辅助材料
除了活性材料之外,本发明还考虑将包括溶剂、润肤剂和核改性剂材料在内的辅助材料并入到胶囊壁封装的核中。其他辅助材料是溶解度调节剂、密度调节剂、稳定剂、粘度调节剂、pH调节剂或它们的任何组合。这些调节剂可以存在于胶囊的壁或核中,或在递送系统中的胶囊的外部。优选地,它们在核中作为核调节剂。
一种或多种辅助材料可以以按微胶囊的重量计0.01%至40%(例如,0.5%至30%)的量添加。
合适的实例包括在WO 2016/049456第55-57页和US 2016/0158121第15-18页中描述的那些。
沉积助剂
可用于本发明微胶囊组合物的示例性沉积助剂是丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物。这种共聚物促进微胶囊沉积在硬表面(例如头发、皮肤、纤维、家具和地板)上。共聚物的平均分子量(例如,通过尺寸排阻色谱法测定的重均分子量(Mw))通常为2,000Da至10,000,000Da,下限为2,000Da、5,000Da、10,000Da、20,000Da、50,000Da、100,000Da,250,000Da、500,000Da或800,000Da,上限为10,000,000Da、5,000,000Da、2,000,000Da、1,000,000Da或500,000Da(例如,500,000Da至2,000,000Da和800,000Da至1,500,000Da)。共聚物的电荷密度范围为1meq/g至2.5meq/g,优选为1.5meq/g至2.2meq/g。丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺-丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物可从各种供应商处例如Ashland作为SP-100和CibaSC60商购获得。
其他合适的沉积助剂包括阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性离子水溶性聚合物。合适的沉积助剂包括壳聚糖、聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯胺和乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖、以及它们的组合。更多的沉积助剂实例描述于WO2016049456第13-27页;US 2013/0330292;US 2013/0337023;和US 2014/0017278中。
另外的沉积助剂是WO2016032993中描述的那些阳离子聚合物。这些阳离子聚合物的典型特征在于相对高的电荷密度(例如,从4meq/g,或从5meq/g,或从5.2meq/g到12meq/g,或到10meq/g,或到8meq/g或到7meq/g,或到6.5meq/g。阳离子聚合物包含为非离子、阳离子、阴离子、或它们的混合物的结构单元。在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含5mol%至60mol%或15mol%至30mol%的非离子结构单元,该非离子结构单元衍生自选自由以下的单体:(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、N,N-二烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、C1-C12烷基丙烯酸酯、C1-C12羟烷基丙烯酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇丙烯酸酯、C1-C12烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、C1-C12羟烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基乙酰胺、乙烯基烷基醚、乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基己内酰胺、以及它们的混合物。
在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含以按阳离子聚合物的质量计30mol%至100mol%或50mol%至100mol%或55mol%至95mol%或70mol%至85mol%的水平的阳离子结构单元。阳离子结构单元通常衍生自阳离子单体,例如N,N-二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰氨基烷基三烷基铵盐、丙烯酰氨基烷基三烷基铵盐、乙烯基胺、乙烯基亚胺、乙烯基咪唑、季铵化乙烯基咪唑、二烯丙基二烷基铵盐、以及它们的混合物。优选地,阳离子单体选自二烯丙基二甲基铵盐(DADMAS)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAM)、[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)乙基]三甲基铵盐、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺(DMAPA)、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA)、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵盐(APTAS)、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵盐(MAPTAS)、季铵化乙烯基咪唑(QVi)、以及它们的混合物。
在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含以按阳离子聚合物的质量计0.01mol%至15mol%、0.05mol%至10mol%、0.1mol%至5mol%或1%至4%的水平的阴离子结构单元。在一些方面,阴离子结构单元衍生自阴离子单体,所述阴离子单体选自:丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、丙烯酰胺丙基甲烷磺酸(AMPS)、和它们的盐、以及它们的混合物。
示例性阳离子聚合物是聚丙烯酰胺-共-DADMAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-DADMAS-共-丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺-共-APTAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-MAPTAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-QVi、聚乙烯基甲酰胺-共-DADMAS、聚(DADMAS)、聚丙烯酰胺-共-MAPTAS-共丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺-共-APTAS-共-丙烯酸、以及它们的混合物。
沉积助剂通常以按微胶囊组合物的重量计0.01%至50%(下限为0.01%、0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%或5%,上限为50%、40%、30%、20%、15%或10%,例如0.1%至30%、1%至20%、2%至15%和5%至10%)的水平存在。在诸如洗发剂等消费品中,沉积助剂通常以按洗发剂组合物的重量计0.001%至20%(下限为0.001%、0.005%、0.01%、0.02%或0.05%,上限为20%、15%、10%、5%、2%或1%,例如0.005%至10%、0.01%至5%和0.02%至0.5%)的水平存在。胶囊沉积助剂可在制备微胶囊期间添加,或可已制成微胶囊之后添加。
可以将0.01%至25%、更优选5%至20%的第二胶囊沉积助剂添加到微胶囊组合物中。第二胶囊形成沉积助剂可选自上述沉积助剂。
另外的组分
本发明的微胶囊组合物可包含0.01至50%、更优选5至40%的一种或多种非封闭或未封装的活性材料。
胶囊递送系统还可含有一种或多种其他递送系统,例如聚合物辅助递送组合物(参见US 8,187,580)、纤维辅助递送组合物(US 2010/0305021)、环糊精主客体包络物(US6,287,603和US 2002/0019369)、香味前体(WO 2000/072816和EP 0 922 084)、以及它们的任何组合。可并入的更多示例性递送系统是凝聚层胶囊、环糊精递送系统和香精原(pro-perfumes)。
另外的组分的实例包括在US 2016/0158121中描述的那些。
上面讨论的任何化合物、聚合物或试剂可以是如上所示的化合物、聚合物或试剂本身,或其盐、前体、水合物或溶剂化物。在阴离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带正电荷的基团之间可形成盐。合适的阴离子包括氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根、硝酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、甲磺酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酸根、苹果酸根、甲苯磺酸根、酒石酸根、富马酸根、谷氨酸根、葡糖醛酸根、乳酸根、戊二酸根和马来酸根。同样,在阳离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带负电荷的基团之间也可形成盐。合适的阳离子包括钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子和铵阳离子(例如,四甲基铵离子)。前体可以是酯和另一种合适的衍生物,其在制备本发明的胶囊组合物的过程中能够转化为化合物、聚合物或试剂并用于制备胶囊组合物。水合物是指含有水的化合物、聚合物或试剂。溶剂化物是指化合物、聚合物或试剂与合适的溶剂之间形成的复合物。合适的溶剂可以是水、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。
某些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个立构中心,每个立构中心可以是R构型、S构型或混合物。此外,一些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个双键,其中每个双键以E(反式)或Z(顺式)构型或其组合存在。化合物、聚合物和试剂包括所有可能的构型立体异构、区域异构、非对映异构、对映异构和差向异构形式、和它们的任何混合物。因此,本文使用的赖氨酸包括L-赖氨酸、D-赖氨酸、L-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、D-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、赖氨酸碳酸盐等。类似地,精氨酸包括L-精氨酸、D-精氨酸、L-精氨酸单盐酸盐、D-精氨酸单盐酸盐、精氨酸碳酸盐、精氨酸一水合物等。胍包括盐酸胍、碳酸胍、硫氰酸胍和其他胍盐,包括它们的水合物。鸟氨酸包括L-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如,单盐酸盐)和D-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如单盐酸盐)。
本发明的微胶囊组合物可以是在溶剂(例如水)中含有按胶囊递送系统的重量计0.1%至80%(优选1%至65%,更优选5%至45%)的胶囊的浆液。本发明的示例性微胶囊组合物含有多个微胶囊,每个微胶囊分散在水相中并且在40℃下稳定至少7天(例如,至少10天、至少30天和至少60天)。通过从微胶囊组合物中分离澄清的水相来测量稳定性(例如,在量筒中)。如果按微胶囊组合物的体积计,分离出少于10%的澄清水相,则认为微胶囊组合物是稳定的。当(i)组合物的粘度为3000cP或更低(例如,2000cP或更低),和(ii)从组合物中分离出按组合物体积计20%或更少(例如,15%或更少和10%或更少)的水时,认为微胶囊组合物是稳定的。分离出的水的体积可通过常规方法例如量筒容易地测量。
已知微胶囊组合物具有形成凝胶的趋势,不适用于许多消费品。胶凝组合物(thegelled-out composition)的粘度增加到至少3000厘泊(cP)(例如,至少6000cP)。可容易地在流变仪例如RheoStressTM1仪器(可商购自ThermoScientific)上,使用旋转盘在21s-1的剪切速率和25℃的温度下测量粘度。
在一些实施方案中,通过用水洗涤胶囊浆液直至达到中性pH(pH为6至8)来纯化微胶囊组合物。为了本发明的目的,可使用任何常规方法洗涤胶囊悬浮液,包括使用分液漏斗、滤纸、离心等。胶囊悬浮液可以洗涤一次、二次、三次、四次、五次、六次或更多次,直到达到中性pH,例如pH 6-8和6.5-7.5。可使用任何常规方法来测定纯化的胶囊的pH值,包括但不限于pH试纸、pH指示剂或pH计。
胶囊组合物是“纯化的”,因为它与胶囊具有80%、90%、95%、97%、98%或99%的同质性。根据本发明,通过洗涤胶囊直至达到中性pH来获得纯度,这表明去除了不想要的杂质和/或起始材料,例如聚异氰酸酯、交联剂等。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,胶囊的纯化包括在用水洗涤胶囊悬浮液的步骤之前向胶囊悬浮液添加盐的附加步骤。在本发明的该步骤中使用的示例性盐包括但不限于氯化钠、氯化钾或亚硫酸氢盐。参见US2014/0017287。
本发明的微胶囊组合物也可以干燥(例如喷雾干燥、加热干燥和带式干燥)成固体形式。在喷雾干燥过程中,将喷雾干燥载体添加微胶囊组合物中以帮助从浆液中除去水。参见US20120151790、US20140377446、US20150267964、US20150284189和US20160097591。
根据一个实施方案,喷雾干燥载体可选自碳水化合物例如化学改性淀粉和/或水解淀粉、树胶例如阿拉伯树胶、蛋白质例如乳清蛋白、纤维素衍生物、粘土、合成水溶性聚合物和/或共聚物例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇。喷雾干燥载体可以以按浆液中的微胶囊组合物的重量计1%至50%、更优选5%至20%的量存在。
任选地,按浆液中微胶囊组合物的重量计,可以存在0.01%至10%、更优选0.5%至5%的二氧化硅自由流动剂(抗结块剂),其可以是疏水性的(即用卤素硅烷、烷氧基硅烷、硅氮烷、硅氧烷等处理的硅烷醇表面,例如D17、R972和R974(可获自Degussa),等)和/或亲水性的,例如200、22S、50S,(可获自Degussa);244(可获自Grace Davison)。
也可以添加保湿剂和粘度控制/悬浮剂以促进喷雾干燥。这些试剂在美国专利号4,446,032和6,930,078中公开。疏水性二氧化硅作为活性材料的功能性递送载体而非自由流动/抗结块剂的详细信息在美国专利号5,500,223和6,608,017中公开。
喷雾干燥入口温度在150℃至240℃的范围内,优选在170℃至230℃之间,更优选在190℃至220℃之间。
如本文所述,喷雾干燥的微胶囊组合物非常适用于各种全干燥(无水)产品:粉末衣物洗涤剂、织物柔软剂干燥片剂、家用清洁干抹布、粉末餐具洗涤剂、地板清洁布或任何干燥形式的个人护理产品(例如洗发粉、除臭粉、爽足粉、肥皂粉、婴儿爽身粉)等。由于本发明的喷雾干燥产品中的高香料和/或活性剂浓度,小剂量的喷雾干燥产品不会对上述干燥消费品的特性产生不利影响。
微胶囊组合物也可以作为浆液喷洒到消费品例如织物护理产品上。举例来说,在混合制成颗粒期间,将含有胶囊的液体递送系统喷洒到洗涤剂粉末上。参见US 2011/0190191。为了增加香料负载量,可以将吸水材料(例如沸石)添加到递送系统中。
或者,消费品中的颗粒在造粒助剂如非酸性水溶性有机结晶固体的存在下在机械造粒机中制备。参见WO 2005/097962。
ζ电位和破裂力
本发明的微胶囊带正电荷或负电荷,如ζ电位所示,所述ζ电位为至少10mV、优选至少25mV(例如25mV至200mV)、并且更优选至少40mV(例如40mV至100mV)。
ζ电位是微胶囊中电动电位的测量值。从理论观点来看,ζ电位是水相(即分散介质)与附着在微胶囊表面的水的稳定层之间的电位差。
ζ电位是微胶囊在组合物或消费品中的稳定性的重要指标。通常,ζ电位为10mV至25mV的微胶囊显示出中等稳定性。类似地,ζ电位为25mV至40mV的微胶囊表现出良好的稳定性,而ζ电位为40mV至100mV的微胶囊表现出优异的稳定性。不受任何理论的束缚,本发明的微胶囊具有理想的ζ电位,使其适用于稳定性改善的消费品。
ζ电位可以使用理论模型和实验确定的电泳迁移率或动态电泳迁移率来计算。ζ电位通常通过诸如微量电泳或电泳光散射或电声现象的方法测量。有关ζ电位测量的更详细讨论,参见Dukhin和Goetz,"Ultrasound for characterizing colloids",Elsevier,2002。
本发明的微胶囊的断裂强度为0.2MPa至80MPa(例如,0.5Mpa至60MPa,1MPa至50MPa和5MPa至30MPa)。每个微胶囊的断裂强度是通过用破裂力(以牛顿为单位)除以相应微胶囊的横截面积(πr2,其中r是压缩前颗粒的半径)来计算的。破裂力和横截面积的测量按照Zhang et al.,J.Microencapsulation 18(5),593-602(2001)中描述的方法进行。
本发明的微胶囊的破裂力为小于10毫牛顿(“mN”),例如0.1mN至10mN、0.2mN至8mN、0.3mN至5mN、0.1mN至2mN、0.1mN、0.5mN、1mN、2mN、5mN和8mN。破裂力是使微胶囊破裂所需的力。其测量基于本领域已知为微操作的技术。参见Zhang et al.,Journal ofMicroencapsulation 16(1),117-124(1999)。
应用
本发明的微胶囊组合物可以直接添加到消费品基料中或打印到产品基料或可移动的产品传送机(例如不粘带)上用于干燥。参见国际申请公开WO2019212896A1。在典型的打印系统中,将微胶囊组合物打印到可移动的产品传送机上,该传送机直接接收打印的微胶囊,其然后在可移动的产品传送机上干燥以产生干燥的产品。另外的载体和溶剂可在打印前添加到微胶囊组合物中。在一些实施方案中,用粘度调节剂将微胶囊组合物的粘度调节至大于500cP或大于1000cP。关于打印组件,打印组件可包括打印头或喷嘴阵列,并且任选地适于以点图案打印微胶囊(例如,布置成促进干燥、后处理和产品质量)。该系统的任选特征包括,配置为向干燥部件供应干燥空气的除湿器;补充能源(例如辐射热源),用于促进打印的微胶囊的干燥;和/或用于从可移动的产品传送机取出干燥产品的产品排出部件。
本发明的微胶囊非常适合用于但不限于以下产品:
a)家用产品
i.可使用本发明的液体或粉末衣物洗涤剂包括以下文献中描述的那些系统:美国专利号5,929,022、5,916,862、5,731,278、5,565,145、5,470,507、5,466,802、5,460,752、5,458,810、5,458,809、5,288,431、5,194,639、4,968,451、4,597,898、4,561,998、4,550,862、4,537,707、4,537,706、4,515,705、4,446,042和4,318,818
ii.单位剂量囊剂、片剂和胶囊,例如在以下文献中描述的那些:EP 1 431 382A1、US 2013/0219996 A1、US 2013/0284637 A1和US 6,492,315。这些单位剂量制剂可含有高浓度的功能材料(例如,5-100%的织物柔软剂或洗涤剂活性材料)、香料(例如,0.5-100%、0.5-40%和0.5-15%)和风味剂(例如,0.1-100%、0.1-40%和1-20%)。它们可以不含水,以将水含量限制为低于30%(例如,低于20%、低于10%和低于5%)。
iii.气味增强剂,例如在以下文献中描述的那些:US 7,867,968、US 7,871,976、US 8,333,289、US 2007/0269651 A1和US2014/0107010 A1。
iv.织物护理产品,例如漂洗调理剂(含有1-30重量%的织物调理活性材料)、织物液体调理剂(含有1至30重量%的织物调理活性材料)、滚筒烘干机片、织物清新剂、织物清新剂喷雾剂、熨烫水和织物柔软剂系统,例如以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,335,315、5,674,832、5,759,990、5,877,145、5,574,179、5,562,849、5,545,350、5,545,340、5,411,671、5,403,499、5,288,417和4,767,547
液体织物柔软剂/清新剂含有至少一种织物柔软剂,其优选以1-30%(例如,4-20%、4-10%和8-15%)的浓度存在。活性材料和织物柔软剂之间的比例可以是1:500至1:2(例如,1:250至1:4和1:100至1:8)。举例来说,当织物柔软剂为织物柔顺剂重量的5%时,活性材料为0.01-2.5%,优选0.02-1.25%,更优选0.1-0.63%。作为另一个实例,当织物柔软剂为织物柔顺剂重量的20%时,活性材料为0.04-10%,优选0.08-5%,更优选0.4-2.5%。活性材料是香料、恶臭冲消剂,或它们的混合物。液体织物柔顺剂可具有0.15-15%的胶囊(例如,0.5-10%、0.7-5%和1-3%)。当包括这些水平的胶囊时,柔顺剂中的净油当量(NOE)为0.05-5%(例如,0.15-3.2%、0.25-2%和0.3-1%)。
合适的织物柔软剂包括阳离子表面活性剂。非限制性实例是季铵化合物,例如烷基化季铵化合物、环或环状季铵化合物、芳族季铵化合物、双季铵化合物、烷氧基化季铵化合物、酰氨基胺季铵化合物、酯季铵化合物、和它们的混合物。织物柔软组合物及其组分一般描述于US 2004/0204337和US 2003/0060390中。合适的柔软剂包括酯基季铵盐例如可商购自Evonik Industries的Rewoquat WE 18和可商购自Stepan Company的Stepantex SP-90。
v.液体餐具洗涤剂,例如美国专利号6,069,122和5,990,065中描述的那些
vi.洗碗机用洗涤剂,例如以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,020,294、6,017,871、5,968,881、5,962,386、5,939,373、5,914,307、5,902,781、5,705,464、5,703,034、5,703,030、5,679,630、5,597,936、5,581,005、5,559,261、4,515,705、5,169,552和4,714,562
vii.多用途清洁剂,包括桶可稀释清洁剂和马桶清洁剂
viii.浴室清洁剂
ix.卫生纸
x.地毯除臭剂
xi.蜡烛
xii.房间除臭剂
xiii.地板清洁剂
xiv.消毒剂
xv.窗户清洁剂
xvi.垃圾袋/垃圾桶内衬
xvii.空气清新剂包括房间除臭剂和汽车除臭剂、香薰蜡烛、喷雾剂、香熏油空气清新剂、自动喷雾空气清新剂和中和凝胶珠
xviii.吸湿剂
xix.家用设备,例如纸巾和一次性湿巾
xx.樟脑丸/圈/饼
xxi.液体香料组合物或香味滴剂(secnt drop)产品,其各自包含:(i)3wt%至40wt%(例如,5wt%至35wt%,优选8wt%至30wt%,并且更优选10wt%至3wt%)的以净油的形式或封装在微胶囊中的香料,(ii)0.5wt%至5wt%(优选0.2wt%至3wt%,更优选0.5wt%至2.5wt%)的蓖麻油酸甘油酯,和(iii)60wt%至95wt%的水。所有量均基于液体香料组合物的重量。
b)婴儿护理产品
i.尿布疹霜/香膏
ii.婴儿爽身粉
c)婴儿护理设备
i.尿布
ii.围兜
iii.湿巾
d)口腔护理产品。牙齿护理产品(作为用于口腔护理的根据本发明的制剂的一个实例)通常包括研磨系统(研磨剂或抛光剂),例如硅酸、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、氧化铝和/或羟基磷灰石;表面-活性物质,例如十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基肌氨酸钠和/或椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱;湿润剂,例如甘油和/或山梨糖醇;增稠剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、角叉菜胶和/或甜味剂,例如糖精;令人不快的味觉的矫味剂;用于进一步通常令人不快的味觉的矫味剂;味觉调节物质(例如磷酸肌醇、核苷酸例如鸟苷单磷酸、腺苷单磷酸或其他物质如谷氨酸钠或2-苯氧基丙酸);清凉活性成分,例如薄荷醇衍生物,(例如L-薄荷基乳酸酯、L-薄荷基烷基碳酸酯、薄荷酮缩酮、薄荷烷羧酸酰胺)、2,2,2-三烷基乙酸酰胺(例如2,2-二异丙基丙酸甲基酰胺);icilin和icilin衍生物;稳定剂和活性成分,例如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、二氟化锡、季铵氟化物、柠檬酸锌、硫酸锌、焦磷酸锡、二氯化锡、各种焦磷酸盐的混合物、三氯生、西吡氯铵、乳酸铝、柠檬酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、氯化锶、过氧化氢、风味剂和/或碳酸氢钠或矫味剂。
i.牙膏。示例性配方如下:
1.磷酸钙40-55%
2.羧甲基纤维素0.8-1.2%
3.十二烷基硫酸钠1.5-2.5%
4.甘油20-30%
5.糖精0.1-0.3%
6.风味油1-2.5%
7.水适量至100%
制备该制剂的典型程序包括以下步骤:(i)根据前述配方通过混合器混合以提供牙膏,和(ii)添加本发明的组合物并将所得混合物混合直至均匀。
ii.牙粉
iii.漱口水
iv.牙齿美白剂
v.假牙粘合剂
e)医疗保健器具
i.牙线
ii.牙刷
iii.呼吸器
iv.香味/风味避孕套
f)女性卫生用品,例如卫生棉条、卫生巾和湿巾,以及护垫
g)个人护理产品:化妆品或药物制剂,例如“油包水”(W/O)型乳液、“水包油”(O/W)型乳液或多重乳液,例如水包油包水(W/O/W)型乳液,如PIT乳液、Pickering乳液、微乳液或纳米乳液;以及特别优选的乳液为“水包油”(O/W)型或水包油包水(W/O/W)型。更具体地说,
i.个人清洁剂(条皂、沐浴液和沐浴露)
ii.淋浴间调理剂
iii.防晒蚂蚁纹身颜色保护(喷雾剂、乳液和棒)
iv.驱昆虫剂
v.消毒洗手液
vi.抗炎香膏、软膏和喷雾
vii.抗菌软膏和乳膏
viii.可感觉物
ix.除臭剂和止汗剂包括气溶胶和泵喷雾止汗剂、棒状止汗剂、滚珠止汗剂、乳液喷雾止汗剂、透明乳液棒状止汗剂、软固体止汗剂、乳液滚珠止汗剂、透明乳液棒状止汗剂、不透明乳液棒状止汗剂、透明凝胶止汗剂、透明棒状除臭剂、凝胶除臭剂、喷雾除臭剂、滚珠除臭剂和软膏除臭剂
x.蜡基除臭剂。示例性配方如下:
1.石蜡10-20%
2.烃蜡5-10%
3.白凡士林10-15%
4.乙酰化羊毛脂醇2-4%
5.己二酸二异丙酯4-8%
6.矿物油40-60%
7.防腐剂(根据需要)
通过以下步骤制备该制剂:(i)混合上述成分,(ii)将所得组合物加热至75℃直至熔化,(iii)在搅拌下,添加含有香料的4%低温研磨聚合物,同时保持温度75℃,和(iv)在将本发明的组合物添加到制剂中时搅拌所得混合物以确保均匀的悬浮液。
xi.二醇/肥皂型除臭剂。示例性配方如下:
1.丙二醇60-70%
2.硬脂酸钠5-10%
3.蒸馏水20-30%
4.2,4,4-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚,由Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company生产,为Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company的商标)0.01-0.5%
将成分混合并在搅拌下加热至75℃,直至硬脂酸钠溶解。将所得混合物冷却至40℃,然后添加本发明的组合物。
xii.乳液包括身体乳液、面部乳液和手部乳液
xiii.爽身粉和爽足粉
xiv.化妆用品
xv.身体喷雾
xvi.剃须膏和男性美容产品
xvii.浴浸泡剂
xviii.去角质磨砂膏
h)个人护理设备
i.面巾纸
ii.清洁湿巾
i)护发产品
i.洗发剂(液体和干粉)
ii.护发素(漂洗护发素、免洗护发素和清洁护发素)
iii.润丝剂
iv.醒发水
v.头发香水
vi.直发产品
vii.头发造型产品、头发定型和造型助剂
viii.梳头膏
ix.发蜡
x.发泡沫、发胶、非气溶胶泵喷雾
xi.头发漂白剂、染料和着色剂
xii.烫发剂
xiii.发用湿巾
j)美容护理
i.香水-酒精。US 4,428,869中描述了用于将香料胶囊并入到酒精香水中的组合物和方法。酒精类香水可以含有以下成分:
1.乙醇(1-99%)
2.水(0-99%)
3.助悬剂,包括但不限于:羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、二氧化硅、微晶纤维素、角叉菜胶、丙二醇海藻酸酯、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶(0.1%)
4.任选地可以包括乳化剂或润肤剂,包括但不限于以上所列的那些
ii.固体香精
iii.口红/润唇膏
iv.卸妆剂
v.护肤化妆品,例如粉底、面膜、防晒霜、皮肤乳液、乳液、护肤霜、润肤剂和皮肤美白剂
vi.化妆用化妆品,包括美甲、睫毛膏、眼线笔、眼影、粉底液、粉状粉底、口红和腮红
k)生活消费品包装,例如加香纸箱和加香塑料瓶/盒
l)宠物护理产品
i.猫砂
ii.跳蚤和蜱虫治疗产品
iii.宠物美容产品
iv.宠物洗发剂
v.宠物玩具、零食和咀嚼物
vi.宠物训练垫
vii.宠物笼和板条箱
m)糖果,优选选自巧克力、巧克力棒产品、其他棒状产品、水果橡皮糖、硬和软焦糖和口香糖
i.胶
1.胶基(天然乳胶树胶,目前大多数口香糖胶基还包括弹性体,例如聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)、聚乙烯、(低或中分子量)聚异丁烯(PIB)、聚丁二烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(丁基橡胶)、聚乙烯基乙醚(PVE)、聚乙烯基丁醚、乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚的共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶,SBR)、乙烯基弹性体,例如基于乙酸乙烯酯/月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯/硬脂酸乙烯酯或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯,以及上述弹性体的混合物,例如描述于EP 0242 325、美国专利号4,518,615、美国专利号5,093,136、美国专利号5,266,336、美国专利号5,601,858或美国专利号6,986,709中)20-25%
2.糖粉45-50%
3.葡萄糖15-17%
4.淀粉糖浆10-13%
5.增塑剂0.1%
6.风味剂0.8-1.2%
根据前述配方通过捏合机捏合上述组分以提供口香糖。然后添加封装的风味剂或感觉剂,并混合直至均匀。
ii.口气清新剂
iii.口中溶解条
iv.咀嚼糖
v.硬糖
n)烘焙产品,优选选自面包、干制饼干、蛋糕和其他饼干;
o)休闲食品,优选选自烘焙或油炸薯片或马铃薯面团产品、面包面团产品和玉米或花生基挤出物;
i.马铃薯、玉米饼、蔬菜或杂粮薯条
ii.爆米花
iii.椒盐脆饼干
iv.挤压堆叠物
p)谷物产品优选选自早餐谷物、麦片棒和预煮成品大米产品
q)酒精和非酒精饮料,优选选自咖啡、茶、葡萄酒、含葡萄酒饮料、啤酒、含啤酒饮料、利口酒、杜松子酒、白兰地、含水果苏打水、等渗饮料、软饮料、花蜜、水果和蔬菜汁以及水果或蔬菜制品;速溶饮料,优选选自速溶可可饮料、速溶茶饮料和速溶咖啡饮料
i.即饮液体饮料
ii.液体饮料浓缩物
iii.粉末饮料
iv.咖啡:速溶卡布奇诺
1.糖30-40%
2.奶粉24-35%
3.可溶性咖啡20-25%
4.乳糖1-15%
5.食品级乳化剂1-3%
6.封装的挥发性风味剂0.01-0.5%
v.茶
vi.酒精类
r)香辛料混合物和消费性调制食品
i.粉末肉汁、酱汁混合物
ii.调味品
iii.发酵产品
s)即热食品:即食食品和汤,优选选自汤粉、速溶汤、预煮汤
i.汤
ii.酱汁
iii.炖菜
iv.冷冻主菜
t)乳制品奶制品,优选选自乳饮料、冰牛奶、酸奶、山羊乳酪、奶油干酪、软干酪、硬干酪、奶粉、乳清、黄油、酪乳和部分或完全水解的含乳蛋白产品和风味乳饮料
i.酸奶
ii.冰淇淋
iii.豆腐
iv.奶酪
u)大豆蛋白或其他大豆部分,优选选自豆奶及由其生产的产品、含大豆磷脂的制品、发酵食品例如豆腐或豆豉或由其生产的产品以及酱油
v)肉制品,优选选自火腿、新鲜或生香肠制品,以及调味或腌制的新鲜或咸肉制品
w)蛋或蛋制品,优选选自干燥蛋、蛋清和蛋黄
x)油基产品或其乳液,优选选自美乃滋酱、蛋黄酱、调料和佐料制品
y)水果制品,优选选自果酱、冰糕、水果酱和水果馅;蔬菜制品,优选选自番茄酱、酱汁、干蔬菜、深冻蔬菜、预煮蔬菜、醋渍蔬菜和腌制蔬菜
z)风味宠物食品。
上面列出的应用在本领域中全都是众所周知的。例如,织物柔软剂体系描述在以下文献中:美国专利号6,335,315、5,674,832、5,759,990、5,877,145、5,574,179;5,562,849、5,545,350、5,545,340、5,411,671、5,403,499、5,288,417和4,767,547、4,424,134。液体衣物洗涤剂包括以下文献中描述的那些体系:美国专利号5,929,022、5,916,862、5,731,278、5,565,145、5,470,507、5,466,802、5,460,752、5,458,810、5,458,809、5,288,431、5,194,639、4,968,451、4,597,898、4,561,998、4,550,862、4,537,707、4,537,706、4,515,705、4,446,042和4,318,818。液体餐具洗涤剂描述在美国专利号6,069,122和5,990,065中。可应用本发明的洗发剂和护发素包括在以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,162,423、5,968,286、5,935,561、5,932,203、5,837,661、5,776,443、5,756,436、5,661,118、5,618,523、5,275,755、5,085,857、4,673,568、4,387,090和4,705,681。洗碗机用洗涤剂描述在以下文献中:美国专利号6,020,294、6,017,871、5,968,881、5,962,386、5,939,373、5,914,307、5,902,781、5,705,464、5,703,034、5,703,030、5,679,630、5,597,936、5,581,005、5,559,261、4,515,705、5,169,552和4,714,562。
除非另有说明,本文和权利要求中所指的所有份数、百分比和比例均按重量计。
本文公开的值和尺寸不应被理解为严格限于所列举的确切数值。相反,除非另有说明,否则每个这样的值旨在表示所述值和围绕该值的功能等效范围。例如,公开为“50%”的值旨在表示“约50%”。
术语“包括”意指非限制性的。
术语“胶囊”和“微胶囊”在本文中可互换使用。
术语“多官能异氰酸酯(polyfunctional isocynante)”、“多官能异氰酸酯(multifunctional isocynante)”和“聚异氰酸酯”可互换使用,是指具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团的化合物。
术语“多官能胺(polyfunctional amine)”、“多官能胺(multifunctionalamine)”和“多胺”可互换使用,是指含有一个、两个或更多个伯胺或仲胺基团的化合物。这些术语还指含有一个或多个伯/仲胺基团和一个或多个羟基(-OH)的化合物。
术语“多官能醇(polyfunctional alcohol)”、“多官能醇(multifunctionalalcohol)”、“多元醇”和“多元醇”可互换使用,是指具有两个或更多个羟基的化合物。
在聚合物化学和工艺工程中使用的术语“固化”是指通过聚合物链的交联而使聚合物增韧或硬化的过程,所述交联是由热、化学添加剂或光辐射引起的。
通过以下非限制性实施例更详细地描述本发明。无需进一步阐述,相信本领域技术人员基于本文的描述可以最大限度地利用本发明。本文引用的所有出版物均通过引用整体并入。
实施例1:
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-1。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(核溶剂,以商品名油M-5(oil M-5)可商购获得,Stepan,芝加哥,IL)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC(以商品名NatrosolTM250LR可商购获得,AshlandSpecialty Ingredients,威尔明顿,DE)的水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐(胶囊形成助剂,以商品名II可商购获得,AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry,奥西宁,NY)的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素(胶囊形成助剂,以商品名CRT50000可商购获得,Dow Chemical Company,米德兰,MI)的水溶液(10g)和20%DABCO结晶(一种催化剂,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,Evonik,埃森,德国)的水溶液(0.2g)以及水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(1g)(基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的聚异氰酸酯,以商品名305可商购获得,Bayer,莱沃库森,德国)来获得水溶液。然后在9500rpm下剪切(ULTRA TURRAXTM,T25Basic,IKA WERKE)两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,在持续混合下,加入2g 25%戊二醛水溶液(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)和30g 10%单宁酸水溶液(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)。升温至55℃后,将所得胶囊浆料搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例2
按照实施例1中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-2,不同之处在于,在油相中添加不同的水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(一种HDI缩二脲,以商品名N100A可商购获得,Bayer,莱沃库森,德国)来代替水相中的305。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例3
按照实施例2中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-3,不同之处在于,在油相中添加二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物(以TakenateTM D-100EA商购获得,MitsuiChemicals Inc.,日本)来代替加入水相中的N100A。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例4
按照实施例1中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-4,不同之处在于用10%HEC水溶液(45g)和10%羟丙基纤维素水溶液(15g)(Dow Chemical Company,米德兰,MI)来代替仅HEC溶液。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例5
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-5。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC(NatrosolTM250LR)水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐(II)的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素(CRT50000)的水溶液(10g),20%DABCO结晶的水溶液(0.2g)以及水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(1g)(305)来获得水溶液。然后在9600rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,在持续混合下,加入2g 25%戊二醛水溶液和30g 10%单宁酸水溶液。升温至55℃后,将所得胶囊浆料搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。然后使用25%NaOH溶液将pH值调节至7.5。添加20%赖氨酸溶液(7.5g)(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)。将混合物在75℃下再搅拌两小时。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例6
按照实施例5中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-6,不同之处在于添加0.67g30%支化的聚乙烯亚胺(BASF,路德维希港,德国)代替赖氨酸。
实施例7
按照实施例5中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-7,不同之处在于添加0.5g40%六亚甲基二胺(Invista,威奇托,KS)代替赖氨酸。
实施例8
按照实施例5中描述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-8,不同之处在于添加10g2%果胶水溶液(CP Kelco,亚特兰大,GA)代替赖氨酸。
实施例9
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-9。
首先通过混合14.6克(g)模型香味和1.4g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC(NatrosolTM250LR)水溶液(43.8g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐(II)的水溶液(3.6g)、1%羧甲基纤维素(CRT50000)的水溶液(7.3g),20%DABCO结晶的水溶液(0.12g)以及水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(0.58g)(305)来获得水溶液。然后在9600rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,在持续混合下,加入1.5g 25%戊二醛水溶液和21.9g 10%单宁酸水溶液。升温至55℃后,将所得胶囊浆料搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。然后使用25%NaOH溶液将pH值调节至7。将混合物在80℃下再搅拌两小时。封装效率为99.9%。
实施例10
实施例11
按照实施例9中所述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-11,不同之处在于在pH调节至7后将混合物在85℃下搅拌两小时,而不是在80℃下搅拌两小时。
实施例12
按照实施例9中所述的程序制备本发明的微胶囊HEC-12,不同之处在于是在pH调节至7后将混合物在90℃下搅拌1小时,而不是在80℃下搅拌2小时。
实施例13
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-13。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC(NatrosolTM250LR)水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐(II)的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素(CRT50000)的水溶液(10g),20%DABCO结晶(催化剂)的水溶液(0.2g)以及水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(1g)(305)来获得水溶液。然后在9500rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,升温至55℃。将所得胶囊浆料在55℃搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。
实施例14
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-14。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素的水溶液(10g)和10%单宁酸水溶液30g来获得水溶液。然后在9500rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,升温至55℃。将所得胶囊浆料在55℃搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。
实施例15
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-15。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素的水溶液(10g)和2g 25%的戊二醛水溶液来获得水溶液。然后在9500rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,升温至55℃。将所得胶囊浆料在55℃搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。
实施例16
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-16。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐的水溶液(5g)、1%CMC的水溶液(10g)、25%的戊二醛水溶液2g和10%的单宁酸水溶液30g来获得水相。然后在9500rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,升温至55℃。将所得胶囊浆料在55℃搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。
实施例17
如下制备本发明的HEC微胶囊,即HEC-17。
首先通过混合20克(g)模型香味和2g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(油M-5)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过混合含有10%HEC水溶液(60g)、10%聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐的水溶液(5g)、1%羧甲基纤维素的水溶液(10g)、20%DABCO的水溶液(0.2g)和水分散性脂族聚异氰酸酯(1g)(305)来获得水溶液。然后在9500rpm下剪切两分钟,将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液在25℃搅拌0.5小时后,在恒定混合下加入10%单宁酸水溶液30g。升温至55℃后,将所得胶囊浆料搅拌1小时,然后在75℃搅拌2小时。HEC-17的游离油低至0.1%,封装率高达99.9%。
将HEC-17添加到无香型织物调理剂基料中。代表性基质包含1-20%季铵盐表面活性剂(活性物)、稳定剂<1%、pH缓冲剂<1%、盐<1%、防腐剂<0.1%和消泡剂<0.1,均基于基质的重量。
HEC-17在织物调理剂中在高温下长时间显示出高的稳定性。
实施例18
按照实施例1中所述的程序制备本发明的HEC微胶囊
实施例19
实施例20
实施例21
实施例22
下表1显示了HEC-1和HEC-18至HEC-22的配方。该表还包括每种微胶囊组合物中的游离油重量%。
表1.HEC-1和HEC-18到HEC-22
比较例1:由羟丙基纤维素(HPC)制备的微胶囊
按照实施例1中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊HPC-1,不同之处在于使用HPC(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)代替HEC。
比较例2:由羟丙基纤维素(HPC)制备的微胶囊
按照实施例2中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊HPC-2,不同之处在于使用HPC代替HEC。
比较例3:由羟丙基纤维素(HPC)制备的微胶囊
按照实施例3中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊HPC-3,不同之处在于使用HPC代替HEC。
比较例4:由羧甲基纤维素(CMC)制备的微胶囊
按照实施例1中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊CMC-1,不同之处在于使用CMC(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)代替HEC。
比较例5:由CMC制备的微胶囊
按照实施例2中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊CMC-2,不同之处在于使用CMC代替HEC。
比较例6:由CMC制备的微胶囊
按照实施例3中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊CMC-3,不同之处在于使用CMC代替HEC。
比较例7:由甲基纤维素(MC)制备的微胶囊
按照实施例1中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊MC-1,不同之处在于使用MC(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)代替HEC。
比较例8:由MC制备的微胶囊
按照实施例2中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊MC-2,不同之处在于使用MC代替HEC。
比较例9:由MC胶囊制备的微胶囊
按照实施例3中描述的程序制备比较例微胶囊MC-3,不同之处在于使用MC代替HEC。
羟乙基纤维素(HEC)胶囊在EU织物调理剂基质中的性能
为了确定微胶囊的性能,将HEC-1混合到模型织物调理剂溶液中。香料载量为0.6%纯油当量(NOE)。通过使用欧洲洗衣机公认的实验方案进行洗衣实验来评估胶囊的香味益处。毛巾被用于洗涤实验,并在由12名评审员的评审小组评估之前,用含有香味胶囊的欧洲织物调理剂洗涤。在轻轻抖动毛巾后评估香味强度,并从0到35的范围内进行评级。预先轻柔抖动是指在折叠毛巾之前,小组成员对毛巾的评价。轻柔抖动是指将毛巾折叠两次,然后由小组成员对毛巾进行评价。数值4表示织物仅产生较弱的香味强度,而数值30表示织物产生非常强烈的气味。
该毛巾具有6.8的预先抖动香味强度、9的轻柔抖动香味强度和11.2的揉搓后香味强度。
还评估了微胶囊HC-2至HEC-12。每个都表现出意想不到的高香味强度。
将HEC-1、净芳香油、比较例CMC-1和比较例MC-1各自加入到织物调理剂基质中。如上所示处理毛巾,然后通过顶空气相色谱(GC)进行测量。下面的表2显示了用添加到织物调理剂中的微胶囊组合物处理的每个毛巾的顶空GC读数。高的读数表明释放的香味浓度高。
结果表明,本发明的HEC-1具有(i)为CMC-1的3.5倍和MC-1的3.7倍的揉搓前香味浓度;(ii)为CMC-1的13.7倍和MC-1的8.8倍的揉搓后香味浓度。
表2
微胶囊 | 揉搓前强度 | 揉搓后强度 |
净芳香油 | 12611 | 110791 |
HEC-1 | 302766 | 1051240 |
比较例CMC-1 | 86012 | 76253 |
比较例MC-1 | 80920 | 118607 |
消费品实施例
本发明的微胶囊组合物可添加到各种消费品中。非限制性实例显示在下表3中。
表3
1所有组分百分比均按消费品的重量显示。
2NOE是净芳香油当量,其等于消费品中香味油的重量百分比。
Claims (30)
1.一种微胶囊,包括微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁,其中微胶囊核含有活性材料,并且基于微胶囊壁的重量,所述微胶囊壁含有30%至95%的衍生自羟乙基纤维素的第一部分,和5%至70%的一个或多个衍生自聚异氰酸酯、多官能醛、多酚,或它们的任意组合的其他部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中基于重量,所述微胶囊壁含有35%至90%的衍生自羟乙基纤维素的第一部分,2%至30%的衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分、1%至50%的衍生自多酚的第三部分,以及0.5%至20%的衍生自多官能醛的第四部分,条件是所述第一、第二、第三和第四部分的总量为等于或小于100%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的微胶囊,其中所述活性材料选自以下:香料、香味前体、风味剂、恶臭冲消剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗微生物活性剂、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、亮肤剂、驱昆虫剂、驱动物剂、驱害虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂、UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米到微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒、味道调节剂、细胞、益生菌、或其组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的微胶囊,其中所述活性材料是高性能香料。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊涂覆有选自以下的沉积聚合物:三甲基铵、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、二甲基铵、木糖、半乳糖、羟丙基化葡萄糖、羟乙基化葡萄糖、壳聚糖、羟甲基化葡萄糖、乙烯胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、己内酯、儿茶酚、乙烯醇、聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺与乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺与3-甲基丙烯酰基氨基丙基三甲基铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖、以及它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述聚异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的低聚物、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、以及它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述多功能醛选自戊二醛、乙二醛、二醛淀粉、丙二醛、以及它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊壳还包含羟丙基纤维素。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊的直径为0.2μm至100μm。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊壳占所述微胶囊重量的10%至90%,并且所述微胶囊核占所述微胶囊重量的90%至10%。
11.一种制备微胶囊组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(i)提供具有分散在水相中的油相的水包油乳液,其中水包油乳液包含聚异氰酸酯,油相包含多个油滴,每个油滴均具有活性材料,并且水相含有羟乙基纤维素(HEC),
(ii)获得含有水包油乳液、多官能醛和多酚的反应混合物,和
(iii)提供足以在反应混合物中引发界面聚合以形成多个微胶囊的条件,从而得到微胶囊组合物,其中每个微胶囊具有封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括在15℃至135℃的温度下固化多个微胶囊的步骤。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中所述水包油乳液含有选自以下的表面活性剂:聚乙烯醇、聚磺苯乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、萘磺酸盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和季铵化二甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物、OSA改性淀粉、OSA改性阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸盐、羧甲基纤维素、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、结冷胶、卵磷脂、改性卵磷脂、蛋白质、改性蛋白质、果胶、改性果胶、木质素、改性木质素、以及它们的组合。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项所述的方法,其中聚异氰酸酯以微胶囊组合物重量的0.01%至10%的水平存在于水包油乳液中。
15.根据权利要求11-14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述多官能醛以所述微胶囊组合物重量的0.1%至2%的水平加入到所述水包油乳液中,并且所述多官能醛选自戊二醛、乙二醛、二醛淀粉、丙二醛、以及它们的组合。
16.根据权利要求11-15中任一项所述的方法,其中HEC以所述微胶囊组合物重量的1%至10%的水平存在。
17.根据权利要求11-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述水相还包含按所述微胶囊组合物的重量计0.2%至5%水平的羟丙基纤维素。
18.根据权利要求11-17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述多个油滴各自具有0.1μm至100μm的直径尺寸并且所述多个微胶囊各自具有0.2μm至100μm的直径尺寸。
19.根据权利要求11-18中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述多酚以所述微胶囊组合物重量的0.5%至5%的水平加入到所述水包油乳液中。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述多酚是单宁酸。
21.根据权利要求11-20中任一项所述的方法,还包括向所述水包油乳液中加入催化剂的步骤。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中催化剂是1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
23.根据权利要求11-22中任一项所述的方法,其中多官能醛和多酚作为水溶液加入。
24.根据权利要求11-23中任一项所述的方法,其中足以引发界面聚合的条件是将反应混合物加热至至少35℃。
25.一种微胶囊组合物,其通过权利要求11-24中任一项所述的方法制备。
26.一种微胶囊组合物,其包括在浆料中的多个如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊分散在水相中。
27.一种微胶囊组合物,其包含多个如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊组合物为干燥形式。
28.一种消费品,其包含权利要求25至27中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物。
29.根据权利要求28所述的消费品,其中所述消费品选自:婴儿护理产品、尿布疹霜或香膏、婴儿爽身粉、尿布、围兜、婴儿湿巾、化妆品制剂、粉状粉底、粉底液、眼影、口红或润唇膏、家庭护理产品、多用途清洁剂、香滴剂产品、浴室清洁剂、地板清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、塑料抛光剂、漂白剂、马桶清洁剂、马桶圈、卫生纸、擦手纸、一次性湿巾、液体空气清新剂、空气清新剂喷雾、喷雾分配器产品、线香、地毯除臭剂、蜡烛、房间除臭剂、液体餐具洗涤剂、洗碗机用洗涤剂、粉剂餐具洗涤剂、皮革洗涤剂、片剂餐具洗涤剂、糊剂餐具洗涤剂、单位剂量片剂或胶囊、风味剂、饮料风味剂、乳制品风味剂、水果风味剂、混杂风味剂、甜品风味剂、烟草风味剂、牙膏风味剂、口香糖、口气清新剂、口服溶片、咀嚼糖、硬糖、口腔护理产品、牙膏、牙刷、牙线、漱口水、牙齿美白剂、假牙粘合剂、保健器具、卫生棉条、卫生巾、抗炎香膏、抗炎软膏、抗炎喷雾、消毒剂、个人护理产品、肥皂、条皂、液体皂、香氛沐浴乳、沐浴液、非气溶胶身体喷雾、身体乳、清洁剂、身体霜、消毒洗手液、洗手液、功能性产品基料、防晒露、防晒喷雾、除臭剂、止汗剂、滚珠产品、气溶胶产品、天然喷雾产品、蜡基除臭剂、二醇类除臭剂、肥皂类除臭剂、面部乳液、身体乳液、手部乳液、杂用乳液、爽身粉、剃须霜、剃须凝胶、剃须膏、浴浸泡剂、沐浴露、去角质磨砂膏、足霜、面巾纸、清洁湿巾、滑石粉产品、护发产品、含氨护发产品、洗发剂、护发素、润丝剂、醒发水、头发定型或造型助剂、头发漂白剂、头发染料或着色剂、织物护理产品、织物柔软剂、液体织物柔软剂、织物柔软片剂、干燥剂片、织物清新剂、熨烫水、洗涤剂、衣物洗涤剂、液体衣物洗涤剂、衣物洗涤粉剂、衣物洗涤片剂、衣物洗涤条、衣物洗涤膏、手洗衣物洗涤剂、气味增强剂、香氛、古龙水、化合物、封装香氛、香水、男士香水、女士香水、香精、固体香精、淡香水产品、天然喷雾产品、香精喷雾产品、驱虫产品和野生动植物气味。
30.根据权利要求28所述的消费品,其中所述消费品是洗发水、护发素、香皂、沐浴凝胶、洗涤剂、织物护理剂或柔软剂、织物清新剂、香味增强剂、止汗剂、身体喷雾剂、身体喷雾、乳液、蜡烛或纺织品。
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US20180346648A1 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Branched polyethyleneimine microcapsules |
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CN115960469A (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-14 | 赛轮集团股份有限公司 | 防护蜡缓释微胶囊的制备方法及其应用 |
CN115960469B (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-03-15 | 赛轮集团股份有限公司 | 防护蜡缓释微胶囊的制备方法及其应用 |
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EP3897955A4 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
US20220071864A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
BR112021011903A2 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
BR112021011942A2 (pt) | 2021-09-08 |
EP3897522A4 (en) | 2023-03-22 |
CN113453655A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
EP3897521A4 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
BR112021011869A2 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
CN113453654A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
EP3897521A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
EP3897955B1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
WO2020131855A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
EP3897955A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
WO2020131890A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
CN113453654B (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
US20220071862A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
US20220040658A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
CN113453794B (zh) | 2023-06-27 |
WO2020131956A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
EP3897522A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
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