CN113453654B - 微胶囊组合物 - Google Patents
微胶囊组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113453654B CN113453654B CN201980092403.4A CN201980092403A CN113453654B CN 113453654 B CN113453654 B CN 113453654B CN 201980092403 A CN201980092403 A CN 201980092403A CN 113453654 B CN113453654 B CN 113453654B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/703—Isocyanates or isothiocyanates transformed in a latent form by physical means
- C08G18/705—Dispersions of isocyanates or isothiocyanates in a liquid medium
- C08G18/706—Dispersions of isocyanates or isothiocyanates in a liquid medium the liquid medium being water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
- A23P10/35—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives with oils, lipids, monoglycerides or diglycerides
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Abstract
公开了微胶囊组合物及其制备方法。微胶囊组合物具有分散在水相中的微胶囊。微胶囊具有微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁。微胶囊核含有活性材料,该活性材料选自香料、化妆品活性物、恶臭冲消剂,和它们的组合。微胶囊壁由聚合物网络形成,该聚合物网络包含至少三个部分:(i)衍生自壳聚糖的第一部分,(ii)衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分,和(iii)衍生自多酚的第三部分。还公开了含有该微胶囊组合物的消费品。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年6月7日提交的美国申请序列号62/858,632、2019年2月8日提交的美国申请序列号62/803,024、2019年9月13日提交的美国申请序列号62/899,866和2018年12月18提交的美国申请序列号62/781,162的优先权。所有申请的内容通过引用方式以其整体并入。
背景
微胶囊用于需要以延时或受控方式向目标区域递送、施加或释放活性材料(包括香料、风味剂和恶臭冲消剂)的各种消费品中。
常规微胶囊通常具有由合成聚合物例如三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物、聚脲或聚丙烯酸酯形成的微胶囊壁。相对于合成聚合物,消费者更喜欢环境友好的天然材料,并要求开发绿色、可持续的产品和技术。
Mint等人,WO 2016/185171 A1报道了由天然材料制备的微胶囊,其具有真菌壳聚糖。生物分子已被用于封装芳香油(fragrance oil)。参见US 2015/0164117A1、WO 2016/193435 A1和US2018/0078468 A1。在制备微胶囊组合物中还探索了壳聚糖。参见WO 2015/023961 A1、WO 2018/077578A1、WO 2019/063515 A1、US2017/0252274 A1、US2018/0325786A1、US 2018/0264425A1和EP 2934464 B1。US2017/0360676 A1描述了一种可环境生物降解的多糖递送颗粒。
然而,这些微胶囊和颗粒都没有表现出满足消费者需求的高性能和环境降解性。
仍需要开发高性能、稳定并与用于洗衣、家庭护理和个人护理的消费品相容的环境友好型微胶囊。
发明内容
本发明基于以下发现:某些胶囊组合物具有出乎意料的期望性质,例如高感知嗅觉强度、高稳定性以及对环境友好。
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及一种微胶囊组合物,其包含分散在具有分散剂的水相中的微胶囊。
微胶囊具有微胶囊核(例如,水平为按微胶囊重量计的10%至90%)和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁(例如,水平为按微胶囊重量计的90%至10%)。
微胶囊核含有活性材料,该活性材料选自香料(例如高性能香料)、化妆品活性物、恶臭冲消剂,和它们的组合。它还可以含有香味前体(pro-fragrance)、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗微生物活性剂、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、亮肤剂、驱昆虫剂、驱动物剂、驱害虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂、UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米至微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒、味道调节剂、细胞、益生菌,或它们的组合。
微胶囊壁由聚合物网络形成,所述聚合物网络包含至少三个部分:(i)衍生自壳聚糖的第一部分,(ii)衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分,和(iii)衍生自多酚的第三部分,其中第一部分和第三部分都与第二部分相连。在一些实施方案中,权利要求1所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊壁含有按重量计20%至60%的第一部分、5%至30%的第二部分和30%至80%的第三部分。
分散剂优选以按微胶囊组合物重量计0.2%至5%的水平存在,包括选自以下的实例:阿拉伯树胶、聚氧乙基化蓖麻油、辛烯基琥珀酸酯改性淀粉、黄原胶、聚磺苯乙烯、羧甲基纤维素盐、聚乙烯醇,和它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,分散剂是按微胶囊组合物的重量计,(i)0.1%至5%的重均分子量为200道尔顿(Da)至2,000,000Da的阿拉伯树胶和(ii)0.1%至2%的重均分子量为200Da至20,000Da的聚氧乙基化蓖麻油的混合物。
优选的聚异氰酸酯包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,或它们的组合。
任选地,聚合物网络含有衍生自多胺的第四部分,所述多胺选自小麦来源的多胺、大米来源的多胺、支化聚乙烯亚胺、多肽、六亚甲基二胺、乙二胺、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基-丁烷、二亚乙基三胺、五亚乙基六胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三亚乙基-四胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺,四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、乳链菌肽、明胶、1,3-二氨基-胍、1,1-二甲基双胍、胍、精氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,微胶囊具有沉积聚合物(deposition polymer)包衣,所述沉积聚合物选自三甲基铵、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、壳聚糖、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、二甲基铵、木糖、半乳糖、羟丙基化葡萄糖、羟乙基化葡萄糖、羟甲基化葡萄糖、乙烯胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、己内酯、儿茶酚、乙烯醇、聚季铵盐-4(polyquaternium-4)、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺和乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺和3-甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖,和它们的组合。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含上述微胶囊组合物的消费品。示例性消费品包括婴儿护理产品、尿布疹霜或香膏、婴儿爽身粉、尿布、围兜、婴儿湿巾、化妆品制剂、粉状粉底、粉底液、眼影、口红或润唇膏、家庭护理产品、多用途清洁剂、香滴剂产品(a scent dropproduct)、浴室清洁剂、地板清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、塑料抛光剂、漂白剂、马桶清洁剂、马桶圈、卫生纸、擦手纸、一次性湿巾、液体空气清新剂、空气清新剂喷雾、喷雾分配器产品、线香、地毯除臭剂、蜡烛、房间除臭剂、液体餐具洗涤剂、洗碗机用洗涤剂、粉剂餐具洗涤剂、皮革洗涤剂、片剂餐具洗涤剂、糊剂餐具洗涤剂、单位剂量片剂或胶囊、风味剂、饮料风味剂、乳制品风味剂、水果风味剂、混杂风味剂、甜品风味剂、烟草风味剂、牙膏风味剂、口香糖、口气清新剂、口服溶片(an orally dissolvable strips)、咀嚼糖、硬糖、口腔护理产品、牙膏、牙刷、牙线、漱口水、牙齿美白剂、假牙粘合剂、保健器具、卫生棉条、卫生巾、抗炎香膏、抗炎软膏、抗炎喷雾、消毒剂、个人护理产品、肥皂、条皂、液体皂、香氛沐浴乳(a bathfragrance)、沐浴液(a body wash)、非气溶胶身体喷雾、身体乳、清洁剂、身体霜、消毒洗手液、洗手液、功能性产品基料、防晒露、防晒喷雾、除臭剂、止汗剂、滚珠产品、气溶胶产品、天然喷雾产品、蜡基除臭剂、二醇类除臭剂、肥皂类除臭剂、面部乳液、身体乳液、手部乳液、杂用乳液、爽身粉、剃须霜(shave cream)、剃须凝胶、剃须膏(shave butter)、浴浸泡剂(abath soak)、沐浴露(ashower gel)、去角质磨砂膏、足霜、面巾纸、清洁湿巾、滑石粉产品、护发产品、含氨护发产品、洗发剂、护发素、润丝剂(a hair rinse)、醒发水(a hairrefresher)、头发定型或造型助剂、头发漂白剂、头发染料或着色剂、织物护理产品、织物柔软剂、液体织物柔软剂、织物柔软片剂、干燥剂片、织物清新剂、熨烫水、洗涤剂、衣物洗涤剂、液体衣物洗涤剂、衣物洗涤粉剂、衣物洗涤片剂、衣物洗涤条、衣物洗涤膏、手洗衣物洗涤剂、气味增强剂、香氛(a fragrance)、古龙水、化合物、封装香氛、香水(finefragrance)、男士香水、女士香水、香精(perfume)、固体香精、淡香水(Eau De Toilette)产品、天然喷雾产品、香精喷雾产品(perfume spray product)、驱虫产品和野生动植物气味。
制备微胶囊组合物的方法也在本发明的范围内,该方法包括以下步骤:(i)提供具有分散在水相中的多个油滴的水包油乳液,其中所述油包水乳液含有聚异氰酸酯,油相含有活性物质,水相含有壳聚糖和分散剂,(ii)向水包油乳液中添加单宁酸,(iii)提供足以在步骤(ii)的水包油乳液混合物中引发界面聚合的条件以形成具有包封微胶囊核的微胶囊壁的微胶囊,从而获得微胶囊组合物。该方法还可包括(iv)在35℃至150℃的温度下固化微胶囊的步骤。在一个优选的实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯以按微胶囊组合物重量计0.3%至2%的水平存在于每个油滴或水相中,分散剂是阿拉伯树胶和聚氧乙基化蓖麻油的组合,以按微胶囊组合物重量计0.5%至5%的水平添加阿拉伯树胶,以按微胶囊组合物重量计0.1%至1%的水平添加聚氧乙基化蓖麻油,并以按微胶囊组合物重量计0.5%至5%的水平添加壳聚糖。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在以下描述中阐述。根据说明书,本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将显而易见。
发明详述
已经发现某些壳聚糖微胶囊是环境友好的并且与各种消费品相容,具有出乎意料的高香味性能。
本发明的壳聚糖微胶囊可按照常规方法例如US2018/0325786 A1中描述的方法制备。在一个实施方案中,按照以下步骤制备壳聚糖微胶囊:(i)提供具有分散在水相中的多个油滴的水包油乳液,其中水包油乳液含有在水相或油相中的多官能亲电试剂(例如聚异氰酸酯、戊二醛和乙二醛),油相含有活性材料,水相含有壳聚糖、多酚和任选的分散剂,以及(ii)提供足以在水包油乳液中引发界面聚合以形成微胶囊浆液的条件,该微胶囊浆液含有微胶囊,每个微胶囊具有封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁,从而获得微胶囊组合物。可以通过将水包油乳液加热到升高的温度(例如,至少25℃、至少35℃、至少45℃、至少55℃、35℃至150℃和55℃至135℃)来引发界面聚合。
任选地,该制备方法还包括以下步骤中的一个或多个:(iii)将赖氨酸添加到微胶囊浆液中和(iv)在15℃至150℃(例如,25℃至145℃、35℃至135℃、45℃至135℃和55℃至135℃)的温度下固化微胶囊浆液10分钟至48小时(例如,15分钟至24小时和30分钟至10小时)。
可以使用常规乳液技术通过在有或没有额外的胶囊形成助剂(即分散剂)的情况下将油相乳化到水相中来制备水包油乳液。在一个实施方案中,油相含有活性材料(例如香料)、多官能亲电试剂(例如聚异氰酸酯)和核溶剂(例如辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)。水相含有水、多官能亲电试剂(例如聚异氰酸酯、戊二醛和乙二醛)、壳聚糖、单宁酸和任选的胶囊形成助剂。在又一个实施方案中,将多官能亲电试剂和/或多酚添加到预先形成的水包油乳液中,而不是在乳液形成之前添加到油相或水相中。在其他实施方案中,壳聚糖在乳液形成之前或之后作为水溶液或作为固体形式添加。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括将水包油乳液或微胶囊浆液的pH调节至1至10(例如2至9、3至8和4至7)的步骤。如此制备的微胶囊组合物通常具有3至12、优选3至10、更优选4至9(例如5和9)的pH。
本发明的微胶囊也可以通过使用打印系统例如3D打印机打印微胶囊壳和微胶囊核来制备。参见WO2016172699A1。打印步骤通常包括以逐层排列方式沉积活性材料和微胶囊壳材料,优选通过单独的印刷头。微胶囊壳材料可以是如下所述的聚合物或单体材料或水包油乳液。
本发明的微胶囊各自具有核壳结构,具有单个微胶囊核和封装该单个微胶囊核的单个微胶囊壁。微胶囊壁具有内表面和外表面。内表面与微胶囊核接触。外表面与微胶囊所在的环境(例如水相、皮肤和毛发)接触。
本发明的壳聚糖微胶囊各自具有由聚合物网络形成的微胶囊壁。聚合物网络中含有至少三个不同的部分:(i)衍生自壳聚糖的第一部分,(ii)衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分,和(iii)衍生自单宁酸的第三部分。第一部分通过共价键例如脲键(-NHCONH-)连接到第二部分。第三部分通过氨基甲酸乙酯共价键连接到第二部分。不被任何理论束缚,壳聚糖上的氨基(-NH2)与聚异氰酸酯上的异氰酸酯基团(-NCO)反应形成脲键,因而共价连接第一部分(即壳聚糖部分)与第二部分(聚异氰酸酯部分)。类似地,多酚上的羟基(-OH)与聚异氰酸酯上的异氰酸酯基团反应形成聚氨酯键(-OCONH-),因此将第三部分(多酚部分)共价连接到第二部分(聚异氰酸酯部分)。
微胶囊壁可包含按微胶囊壁重量计50%至100%、优选70%至100%、更优选80%至100%、最优选100%的聚合物网络,
在一些实施方案中,微胶囊壁含有按微胶囊壁的重量计10%至80%(例如,20%至70%和30%至60%)的第一部分(即壳聚糖部分)、0%至50%(例如,5%至40%和10%至30%)的第二部分(即聚异氰酸酯部分)以及10%至80%(例如20%至70%和25%至60%)的第三部分(即多酚部分),条件是第一部分、第二部分和第三部分的总和不超过100%。任选地,聚合物网络含有一个或多个另外的部分,例如多官能胺或多官能醇部分,其水平按微胶囊壁重量计为10%至80%,优选20%至70%,更优选30%至60%。
因此制备的微胶囊各自的粒径(按直径计)范围为0.1微米至1000微米(例如,0.5微米至500微米、1微米至200微米和1微米至100微米),下限为0.1微米、0.5微米、1微米、2微米或5微米,且上限为1000微米、500微米、200微米、100微米、75微米、50微米或30微米。
微胶囊可以带正电荷或负电荷,ζ电位为-200mV至+200mV(例如,10mV或更高,25mV或更高,40mV或更高,25mV至200mV和40mV至100mV),下限为-200mV、-150mV、-100mV、-50mV、-25mV、-10mV、0mV、10mV、20mV或40mV,且上限为200mV、150mV、100mV、50mV、40mV、20mV、10mV、0mV、-10mV和-25mV。优选地,每个微胶囊都带正电荷。不受理论的束缚,带正电荷的微胶囊对特定的有生命和无生命的表面(例如毛发和织物)具有强亲和力,并且在某些消费品基料(例如护发素、洗发剂、沐浴露和织物调理剂)中出乎意料地稳定。本发明的微胶囊组合物通常含有10%至70%(例如15%至60%和20%至50%)的上述微胶囊。在一个实施方案中,微胶囊组合物包含多个均匀分散在水相中的微胶囊。在另一个实施方案中,微胶囊组合物包含固体形式例如喷雾干燥颗粒的微胶囊。
本发明的微胶囊是可生物降解的,因此是环境友好的。如本文关于材料(例如作为整体的微胶囊和/或微胶囊壳的生物聚合物)的所用的“可生物降解的”没有实际或感知的健康和/或环境问题,并且能够经历和/或确实经历物理、化学、热、微生物和/或生物降解。理想情况下,当微胶囊和/或生物聚合物通过以下一项或多项测试时,微胶囊和/或生物聚合物被认为是“可生物降解的”:经济合作与发展组织(OECD)测试,包括但不限于OECD 301/310(快速生物降解)、OECD 302(固有生物降解)、国际标准化组织(ISO)17556(固体刺激研究)、ISO 14851(淡水刺激研究)、ISO 18830(海洋沉积物刺激研究)、OECD 307(土壤刺激研究)、OECD 308(沉积物刺激研究)和OECD 309(水刺激研究))。在特定实施方案中,如使用OECD 310测试所确定的,微胶囊是易生物降解的。OECD 310下的快速生物降解性通过水平是在测试的60天内达到60%的CO2产量。
壳聚糖
可用于本发明的壳聚糖是包含随机分布的β-(1,4)-连接的D-葡萄糖胺(脱乙酰化单元)和N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺(乙酰化单元)的线性多糖,其可以由以下结构表示:
脱乙酰单元:D-葡萄糖胺
乙酰化单元:N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺,
其中n和m在100至8000之间变化,取决于壳聚糖的平均分子量和壳聚糖的脱乙酰度。壳聚糖的脱乙酰度(脱乙酰%)等于100n/(n+m),其在50%到100%(例如,60-100%、70-100%和80-100%)之间变化。脱乙酰度可通过NMR波谱法测定。参见US2018/0264425 A1。
壳聚糖通常由甲壳素制成,甲壳素是在昆虫的外骨骼、真菌的细胞壁以及无脊椎动物和鱼类的某些硬结构中发现的一种水不溶性多糖。在升高的温度下用相对浓的酸性溶液或碱性物质(如氢氧化钠)处理甲壳素将N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺残基转化为D-葡萄糖胺残基,从而将甲壳素转化为壳聚糖。
本发明的壳聚糖的重均分子量为500Da(道尔顿)至5,000,000Da(例如,1,000Da至4,000,000Da、2,000D至2,000,000Da、2,000Da至1,000,000Da和2,000Da至500,000)。
壳聚糖的胺基团具有约6.5的pKa,导致壳聚糖在酸性至中性溶液中质子化,电荷密度很大程度上取决于壳聚糖的脱乙酰度和溶液的pH值。因此,本发明的壳聚糖通常是阳离子的并且可以容易地结合到带阴离子电荷的表面。
壳聚糖的氨基与聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团反应形成共价键,该共价键将壳聚糖部分与微胶囊壁中的聚合物网络连接起来。有可能的是:壳聚糖的羟基(-OH)也可与异氰酸酯基团反应形成聚氨酯共价键(-OCONH-),进一步将壳聚糖部分连接到聚合物网络。壳聚糖部分有助于将活性物封装在微胶囊核内。它还充当沉积部分,促进微胶囊粘附在处理过的表面上,例如织物、毛发和其他硬表面。
在本发明中壳聚糖可以按微胶囊重量计0.1%至20%、优选0.5%至10%、更优选1%至8%、最优选2%至6%的量并入。
聚异氰酸酯
另一类多官能亲电试剂是聚异氰酸酯,其每一个都具有至少两个对壳聚糖或多官能亲核试剂具有反应性的异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团。聚异氰酸酯可以是芳族的、脂族的、直链的、支链的或环状的。它可以是水溶性的或水分散性的。或者,它可溶于有机溶剂或芳香油中。在一些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯平均含有2至4个异氰酸酯基团。在特定实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯含有至少三个异氰酸酯官能团。在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是水不溶性的。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚异氰酸酯是芳族聚异氰酸酯。期望地,芳族聚异氰酸酯包括苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基或二苯基部分作为芳族组分。在某些实施方案中,芳族聚异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物或亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。
一类合适的芳族聚异氰酸酯是具有以下所示的通式结构及其结构异构体
其中n可在零至所需数值(例如,0-50、0-20、0-10和0-6)之间变化,取决于所用交联剂的类型。优选地,n的数目限于小于6。起始聚异氰酸酯也可以是其中n的值可在0到6之间变化的聚异氰酸酯的混合物。在起始聚异氰酸酯是各种聚异氰酸酯的混合物的情况下,n的平均值优选落在0.5至1.5之间。可商购的聚异氰酸酯包括以下商品名的产品:M20(化学名称:聚合亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯,即“PMDI”;商购自BASF,含有31.5wt%的异氰酸酯基团“NCO”),其中平均n为0.7;PAPITM 27(商购自Dow Chemical的PMDI,平均分子量为340,并含有31.4wt%的NCO),其中平均n为0.7;/>MR(PMDI,含有31wt%或更多的NCO,商购自Covestro,匹兹堡,宾夕法尼亚州),其中平均n为0.8;/>MR Light(PMDI,含有31.8wt%的NCO,商购自Covestro),其中平均n为0.8;/>489(PMDI,商购自Covestro,含有30-31.4wt%的NCO),其中平均n为1;聚[(异氰酸苯酯)-共-甲醛](Aldrich Chemical,密尔沃基,WI),其他异氰酸酯单体,例如N3200(聚(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯),商购自Covestro)和TakenateTM D-110N(亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,Mitsui Chemicals America,Inc.,黑麦布鲁克,NY,含有11.5wt%的NCO),/>L75(一种基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯,商购自Covestro),和/>IL(另一种基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯,商购自Covestro)。
本发明的某些可商购的聚异氰酸酯的结构如下所示:
或其结构异构体。R可以是C1-C10烷基、C1-C10酯或异氰脲酸酯。这种结构的代表性聚异氰酸酯可以商品名TAKENATETM D-110N(Mitsui)、L75(Covestro)和IL(Covestro)商购获得。
聚异氰酸酯TakenateTM D-110N和其他聚异氰酸酯通常以乙酸乙酯溶液形式获得。优选地,乙酸乙酯被具有高闪点(例如,至少100℃、至少120℃和至少150℃)的溶剂替代。合适的溶剂包括三乙酸甘油酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、苯甲酸苄酯,和它们的组合。
作为一个示例,TakenateTM D-110N(亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物的乙酸乙酯溶液)与苯甲酸苄酯混合,真空蒸馏除去乙酸乙酯,得到含有59%的亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物溶液和41%的苯甲酸苄酯的聚异氰酸酯溶液。这种聚异氰酸酯溶液的闪点为至少60℃。这种聚异氰酸酯的苯甲酸苄酯溶液与PVP/PQ-11或Flexan II/CMC一起可用于制备微胶囊组合物。
芳族聚异氰酸酯的其他实例包括1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化MDI、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二-和四烷基-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体、4,4'-二异氰酸根合苯基-全氟乙烷、邻苯二甲酸二(异氰酸根合乙基)酯,以及具有反应性卤素原子的聚异氰酸酯,例如1-氯甲基苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、1-溴甲基-苯基2,6-二异氰酸酯和3,3-双氯甲基醚4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯,以及它们的组合。
在其他特定实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是脂族聚异氰酸酯,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲。示例性的脂族聚异氰酸酯包括商业产品,例如,N302、/>N303、N304和/>N305,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族水分散性产品;/>N3600、/>N3700和/>N3900,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的低粘度、多官能脂族聚异氰酸酯;3600和/>N100和/>N100A,它们是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族聚异氰酸酯,可从Covestro,匹兹堡,PA)获得。更多实例包括1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根合-2,2,4-三甲基-己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根合-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1-异氰酸根合甲基-3-异氰酸根合-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷、氯化和溴化二异氰酸酯、含磷二异氰酸酯、四甲氧基丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯,和它们的组合。含硫聚异氰酸酯例如通过使六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与硫二甘醇或二羟基二己基硫化物反应而获得。其他合适的二异氰酸酯是三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合十二烷、二聚体脂肪酸二异氰酸酯,和它们的组合。
有用的聚异氰酸酯的重均分子量在200Da至2500Da、250Da至1000Da并且优选在275Da至500Da之间变化。
聚异氰酸酯含量的范围可在按微囊壁重量计1%至30%(例如,2%至25%、3%至20%和5%至15%)之间变化。
在制备本发明的微胶囊组合物的过程中,可以将聚异氰酸酯添加到水相、油相或水包油乳液中。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备本发明的微胶囊的多官能异氰酸酯是单一聚异氰酸酯。在其他实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是聚异氰酸酯的混合物。在一些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯的混合物包括脂族聚异氰酸酯和芳族聚异氰酸酯。在特定的实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯的混合物是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲和亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯是脂族异氰酸酯或脂族异氰酸酯的混合物,不含任何芳族异氰酸酯。换句话说,在这些实施方案中,没有使用芳族异氰酸酯来制备作为胶囊壁材料的封装聚合物。更多的聚异氰酸酯实例可在WO 2004/054362和WO 2017/192648中找到。
羰基交联剂
羰基交联剂可用于替换为聚异氰酸酯或与多异氰酸酯一起使用。羰基交联剂各自具有至少两个官能团,例如第一官能团和第二官能团。
第一官能团是对壳聚糖、多胺、多元醇和其他富电子基团具有反应性的亲电基团。实例包括甲酰基、酮基、羧基、羧酸酯基团、酰基卤基团、酰胺基团、羧酸酐基团、卤代烷基团、环氧基团、氮杂环丙烷基团、氧杂环丁烷基团、氮杂环丁烷基团、磺酰卤基团、氯磷酸酯基团、异氰酸酯基团、α,β-不饱和羰基、α,β-不饱和腈基团或α,β-不饱和甲磺酰基基团。优选地,第一官能团是含有羰基的羰基亲电基团,例如甲酰基、酮基、羧基、羧酸酯基、酰卤基团、酰胺基团、羧酸酐基团、α,β-不饱和羰基、三氟甲磺酸酯基团和对甲苯磺酸酯基团。
第二官能团是对壳聚糖、多胺、多元醇和其他富电子基团具有反应性的亲电基团。实例包括甲酰基、酮基、羧基、羧酸酯基团、酰卤基团、酰胺基团、羧酸酐基团、卤代烷基团、环氧基团、氮杂环丙烷基团、氧杂环丁烷基团、氮杂环丁烷基团、磺酰卤基团、氯磷酸酯基团、异氰酸酯基团、α,β-不饱和羰基、α,β-不饱和腈基团、α,β-不饱和甲磺酰基团、三氟甲磺酸酯基团或对甲苯磺酸酯基团。第一官能团和第二官能团可以相同或不同。
羰基交联剂的实例包括戊二醛、丁二醛和乙二醛;以及化合物,例如乙醛酰三聚体和多聚甲醛、双(二甲基)缩醛、双(二乙基)缩醛、聚合二醛,例如氧化淀粉。优选地,交联剂是低分子量双官能醛,例如乙二醛、1,3-丙二醛、1,4-丁二醛、1,5-戊二醛或1,6-己二醛。
羰基交联剂可以按微胶囊壁的重量计0.5%至40%(例如,0.5%至35%和1%至30%)的水平存在。
多官能亲核试剂
除了壳聚糖、聚异氰酸酯和多酚之外,多官能亲核试剂也可用于形成本发明的聚合物网络。
术语“多官能亲核试剂”是指其上连接两个或更多个亲核基团例如伯/仲胺基团和羟基的脂族或芳族烃。
合适的多官能亲核试剂包括多官能胺(即多胺)和多官能醇(即多元醇)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的微胶囊壁不含除壳聚糖之外的额外多官能胺。在其他实施方案中,微胶囊壁含有壳聚糖和一种或多种额外的多官能胺。在其他实施方案中,微胶囊壁由聚合物网络组成,该聚合物网络由衍生自壳聚糖的第一部分、衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分和衍生自多酚的第三部分组成。
这些试剂通常含有多个(即两个或更多个)官能团(例如,-NH-、-NH2和-OH),其可与聚异氰酸酯反应形成聚脲或聚氨酯。实例包括多官能胺(例如多胺)和多官能醇(例如多元醇)。合适的多胺含有两个或更多个胺基团,包括–NH2和–R*NH,R*是取代和未取代的C1-C20烷基、C1-C20杂烷基、C1-C20环烷基、3至8元杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基。实例包括乙二胺、1,3-二胺丙烷、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,4-二氨基丁烷、己二胺、六亚甲基二胺、五亚乙基六胺、二亚乙基三胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(己亚乙基)三胺。
可用于本发明的另一类胺是聚醚胺。它们含有连接到聚醚骨架末端的伯氨基。聚醚主链通常基于环氧丙烷(PO)、环氧乙烷(EO)或混合的PO/EO。醚胺可以是单胺、二胺或三胺。示例性聚醚胺包括2,2'-亚乙基二氧基)双(乙胺)和4,7,10-三氧杂-1,13-十三烷二胺。
其他合适的胺包括但不限于六亚甲基二胺、乙二胺、1,3-二氨基-丙烷、1,4-二氨基-丁烷、二亚乙基三胺、五亚乙基六胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(六亚乙基)三胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三亚乙基四胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、壳聚糖、乳链菌肽、明胶、1,3-二氨基胍、1,1-二甲基双胍、胍、精氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、1,2-二氨基-丙烷、N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟基乙基)乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟基-丙基)乙二胺、支化聚乙烯亚胺、2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶和2,4,6-三氨基嘧啶,以及它们的组合。其他实例参见WO 2015/023961 A1。
两性胺,即既可以作为酸也可以作为碱进行反应的胺,是本发明中使用的另一类胺。两性胺的实例包括蛋白质、多肽和氨基酸,例如乳清蛋白、豌豆蛋白、大米蛋白、小麦蛋白、卵蛋白、大麦蛋白、糙米蛋白、南瓜籽蛋白、燕麦蛋白、马铃薯蛋白、杏仁蛋白、明胶、豆蛋白、豌豆球蛋白(vicilin)、伴豌豆球蛋白(convicilin)、白蛋白、球蛋白或谷蛋白、L-赖氨酸、D-赖氨酸、L-精氨酸、D-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、D-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、L-精氨酸单盐酸盐、D-精氨酸单盐酸盐、L-鸟氨酸单盐酸盐、D-鸟氨酸单盐酸盐,或它们的混合物。
胍胺和胍盐是另一类可用于本发明的多官能胺。示例性胍胺和胍盐包括但不限于1,3-二氨基胍单盐酸盐、1,1-二甲基双胍盐酸盐、碳酸胍和盐酸胍。
可商购的胺实例包括以下商品名的产品:EDR-148(其中x=2)、EDR-176(其中x=3)、/>ED系列、/>TRIAMINES(来自Huntsman);来自BASF(路德维希港,德国)的以下商品名的聚乙烯亚胺:(例如,/>FG、/>G20无水、/>PR 8515、WF、/>FC、/>G20、/>G35、/>G100、G500、/>HF、/>PS、/>HEO 1、/>PN50、PN60、/>PO 100和/>SK)。其他可商购的聚乙烯亚胺包括来自NIPPON SHOKUBAI(纽约,NY)的以下商品名的产品:/>P-1000、/>P-1050、/>RP18W和/>PP-061。也可以使用聚乙烯胺,例如由BASF以的商品名销售的那些。本领域技术人员可以选择范围广泛的聚醚胺。
其他合适的多胺包括植物来源的多胺,例如来自小麦提取物的小麦来源的多胺、来自大米提取物(rice extract)的大米来源的多胺和从水稻胚芽(rice germ)提取的水溶性粉末。后者是用酸性溶液(例如柠檬酸溶液)从水稻(Oryza sativa Linne)的水稻胚芽中提取的。植物来源的多胺通常含有各种多胺的混合物,所述多胺包括亚精胺、精胺、腐胺等。可商购的实例包括商品名为Oryza Polyamine-PTM和Oryza Polyamine-LCTM(BG30)的产品,二者均来自日本一宫的Oryza oil&Fat Chemical Co.,LTD.。
优选的多官能醇是多酚,包括具有3,4,5-三羟基苯基或3,4-二羟基苯基的那些,例如单宁酸,其具有如下所示的典型化学结构:
上述化学式常作为C76H52O46给出,其对应于十没食子酰葡萄糖。然而,可商购的单宁酸通常包含聚没食子酰葡萄糖或聚没食子酰奎尼酸酯的混合物,每个分子的没食子酰基部分的数量范围为2至20(例如2至15和2至12),分子量为400道尔顿至3500道尔顿(例如,496至3232道尔顿、496道尔顿至2472道尔顿、180+152n道尔顿和192+152n道尔顿,其中n为2至13)。单宁酸在含1%单宁酸的水溶液中具有弱酸性(例如pKa为6左右),pH值为2至5(例如3-4和2.5至3.5)。单宁酸在25℃下的水溶解度为100g/L至2850g/L(例如,250g/L)。
单宁酸通常从以下任何植物部位中提取:Tara豆荚(刺云实(Caesalpiniaspinosa))、来自盐肤木(Rhus semialata)或栎树(Quercus infectoria)或西西里漆树(Sicilian Sumac)叶(Rhus coriaria)的五倍子。单宁酸可从供应商例如Sigma-Aldrich(圣路易斯)和Ajinomoto OmniChem(韦特伦,比利时)以以下商品名商购获得:01(聚没食子酰葡萄糖,分子量为1440道尔顿)、/>02(聚没食子酰葡萄糖,分子量为1040道尔顿)和/>04(聚没食子酰奎尼酸酯,分子量为860道尔顿)。
除了多酚之外,还可以使用其他多元醇。参见WO 2015/023961中描述的多元醇。实例包括季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、新戊二醇、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、岩藻糖醇、艾杜糖醇、肌醇、庚七醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽三糖醇、麦芽四糖醇、多糖醇(polyglycitol)、多酚,和它们的组合。
多官能醛,例如戊二醛和乙二醛,在某些pH范围内(即,在酸性条件下)在水溶液中形成衍生物,例如一水合物、脱水物、乙缩醛或半缩醛。这些多官能醛衍生物具有羟基(-OH)基团,其对聚异氰酸酯具有反应性形成聚氨酯键。因此,多官能醛在某些条件下(例如在3至8的pH下)充当多官能亲核试剂。
多官能亲核试剂可以按微胶囊壁的重量计0至40%(例如,1%至35%、5%至35%和10%至30%)的水平存在。
胶囊形成助剂
微胶囊组合物通常在胶囊形成助剂的存在下制备,该助剂可以是表面活性剂或分散剂。胶囊形成助剂还改善了微胶囊组合物的性能。性能是通过在某些阶段释放的香味强度来衡量的,例如,洗衣应用中的揉搓前(pre-rub)和揉搓后(post-rub)阶段。揉搓前阶段是当胶囊已经沉积在布料上时的阶段,例如,在使用含有胶囊的织物柔软剂或洗涤剂的洗涤循环之后。揉搓后阶段是在胶囊通过揉搓或其他机制沉积和破裂之后。
在一些实施方案中,胶囊形成助剂是保护胶体或乳化剂,包括例如马来酸-乙烯基共聚物,例如乙烯基醚与马来酸酐或酸的共聚物、木质素磺酸钠、马来酸酐/苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物以及环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、萘磺酸缩合物的钠盐、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚氧乙烯化山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、非离子型表面活性剂(例如烷氧基化醇、烷氧基化蓖麻油和烷氧基化脂肪酸),和它们的组合。胶囊形成助剂(例如,表面活性剂和分散剂)的浓度在按胶囊组合物重量计的0.1%至5%(例如,0.2%至4%、0.5%至4%、0.5%至2.5%和1%至2%)之间变化。
可商购的表面活性剂包括但不限于磺化萘-甲醛缩合物,例如D-425(烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物,可商购自Akzo Nobel,Fort Worth,德克萨斯州);聚氧乙基化蓖麻油(一种非离子型表面活性剂,可以商品名/>8240商购自Stepan,芝加哥,伊利诺斯州);商品名为/>的部分水解的聚乙烯醇,例如/>3-83(可商购自Kuraray,休斯顿,德克萨斯州);环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物或泊洛沙姆,例如或/>(BASF);磺化聚苯乙烯,例如II(Akzo Nobel);乙烯-马来酸酐聚合物,例如/>(VertellusSpecialties Inc.,印第安纳波利斯,印地安那州);和聚季铵盐系列,例如聚季铵盐11(“PQ11”;乙烯基吡咯烷酮和季铵化甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的共聚物;由BASF以PQ11AT 1销售)。
加工助剂也可用作胶囊形成助剂。它们包括水胶体,其改善浆液抗凝结、沉降和乳状液分层的胶体稳定性。术语“水胶体”是指一大类具有阴离子、阳离子、两性离子或非离子特性的水溶性或水分散性聚合物。可用于本发明的水胶体包括但不限于多碳水化合物,例如淀粉、改性淀粉、糊精、麦芽糖糊精和纤维素衍生物,以及它们的季铵化形式;天然胶例如海藻酸酯、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、琼脂、果胶、果胶酸,以及天然胶例如阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶和刺梧桐树胶、瓜尔胶和季铵化瓜尔胶;明胶、蛋白质水解物及其季铵化形式;合成聚合物和共聚物,例如聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯醇-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚((甲基)丙烯酸)、聚(马来酸)、聚(烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯-共-(甲基)丙烯酸)、聚(丙烯酸-共-马来酸)共聚物、聚(环氧烷)、聚(乙烯基-甲基醚)、聚(乙烯基醚-共-马来酸酐)等,以及聚(乙烯亚胺)、聚((甲基)丙烯酰胺)、聚(环氧烷-共-二甲基硅氧烷)、聚(氨基二甲基硅氧烷)等,以及它们的季铵化形式。
胶囊形成助剂还可在加工过程中与羧甲基纤维素(“CMC”)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物和/或表面活性剂组合使用以促进胶囊形成。这些表面活性剂的实例包括十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)、商品名为(例如F127)、/>(例如/>F127)或的泊洛沙姆,皂苷例如/>(National Starch FoodInnovation);或阿拉伯树胶,例如Seyal或Senegal。在某些实施方案中,CMC聚合物的分子量(例如,重均分子量)范围为90,000Da至1,500,000Da,优选250,000Da至750,000Da,更优选400,000Da至750,000Da。CMC聚合物的取代度为0.1至3,优选为0.65至1.4,更优选为0.8至1。CMC聚合物以0.1%至2%、优选0.3%至0.7%的水平存在于胶囊浆液中。在其他实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮是水溶性聚合物并且具有1,000道尔顿至10,000,000道尔顿的分子量(例如重均分子量)。合适的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮K12、K15、K17、K25、K30、K60、K90或其混合物。聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的量按微胶囊组合物的重量计为2%至50%、5%至30%或10%至25%。
催化剂
在一些实施方案中,添加催化剂以在胶囊壁的形成中引发界面聚合。实例包括金属碳酸盐、金属氢氧化物、氨基或有机金属化合物并且包括例如碳酸钠、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(即DABCO)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙醇、N,N-二甲基环己胺、双-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N二甲基乙酰胺、辛酸亚锡和二月桂酸二丁基锡。
其他封装聚合物
本发明的微胶囊组合物任选地具有第二、第三、第四、第五或第六微胶囊,每个微胶囊由选自溶胶-凝胶聚合物(例如二氧化硅)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、聚脲、聚氨酯、淀粉、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)及其组合。也可将支化聚乙烯亚胺及其衍生物包覆在微胶囊壁上,制备具有正ζ电位的微胶囊。
这些封装聚合物在下面详细描述。
溶胶-凝胶微胶囊。这些微胶囊具有由溶胶-凝胶聚合物形成的微胶囊壁,溶胶-凝胶聚合物是溶胶-凝胶前体通过聚合反应(例如水解)的反应产物。合适的溶胶-凝胶前体是能够形成凝胶的化合物,例如含有硅、硼、铝、钛、锌、锆和钒的化合物。优选的前体是有机硅、有机硼和有机铝,包括金属烷氧化物和b-二酮化物。
适用于本发明目的的溶胶-凝胶前体特别选自二-、三-和/或四官能硅酸、硼酸和铝酯,更特别是烷氧基硅烷(原硅酸烷基酯),和它们的前体。
优选的实例是硅酸酯,例如原硅酸四甲酯(TMOS)和原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS),例如商品名为(有机功能硅烷,可商购自Degussa Corporation,帕西帕尼,新泽西州,USA)的产品。其他溶胶-凝胶前体包括各种可水解的有机硅烷,例如烷基硅烷、烷氧基硅烷、烷基烷氧基硅烷和有机烷氧基硅烷。除了烷基和烷氧基之外,其他有机基团(例如烯丙基、氨基烷基、羟烷基等)可以作为取代基连接到硅上。/>
认识到金属和半金属烷氧化物单体(及其部分水解和缩合的聚合物)例如四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)等是许多分子和活性成分的非常好的溶剂,这是非常有利的,因为它有助于溶解高浓度的活性材料,因此最终胶囊中的负载量高。
聚丙烯酸酯微胶囊、聚丙烯酰胺微胶囊和聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)微胶囊。这些微胶囊由形成微胶囊壁的相应前体制备。优选的前体是双官能或多官能乙烯基单体,包括例如但不限于,甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸四乙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯/丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯/丙烯酰胺、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三烯丙基甲醛三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、脂族或芳族尿烷二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、双官能尿烷丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化脂族双功能尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、脂族或芳族尿烷二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、环氧丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、环氧甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化双酚二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化双酚二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、烷氧基化己二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、烷氧基化环己烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、丙氧基化甘油基三丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、乙氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 200二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 400二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、PEG 600二甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、3-丙烯酰氧基二醇单丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺、三丙烯酰基甲醛(triacryl formal)、异氰酸三烯丙酯和异氰脲酸三烯丙酯。
单体通常在活化剂(例如引发剂)的存在下在升高的温度(例如,30-90℃)下或在紫外光下聚合。示例性引发剂是2,2'-偶氮双(异丁腈)(“AIBN”)、过氧化二碳酸二(十六烷基)酯、二(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二癸酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过月桂酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、氢过氧化叔丁酯、氢过氧化枯烯、乙基过氧化枯烯、二异丙基羟基二羧酸酯、2,2'-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、1,1'-偶氮双-(环己烷-l-甲腈)、二甲基2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸酯)、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟基乙基)丙酰胺、过硫酸钠、过氧化苯甲酰,和它们的组合。
用于形成这些胶囊壁的乳化剂通常是阴离子乳化剂,包括但不限于烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基异硫磺酸盐、烷基羧酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基琥珀酸盐、烷基硫酸盐例如十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基肌氨酸盐、蛋白质水解物的烷基衍生物、酰基天冬氨酸盐、烷基或烷基醚或烷基芳基醚磷酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、磷脂或卵磷脂、或肥皂、硬脂酸、油酸或棕榈酸钠、钾或铵、烷基芳基磺酸盐如十二烷基苯磺酸钠、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、二月桂基磺基琥珀酸钠、聚(苯乙烯磺酸)钠盐、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、硫酸纤维素和果胶、聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯)、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、海藻酸钠、果胶酸、黄蓍胶、杏仁胶和琼脂;半合成聚合物,例如羧甲基纤维素、硫酸化纤维素、硫酸化甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、磷酸化淀粉、木质素磺酸;和合成聚合物,例如马来酸酐共聚物(包括其水解产物)、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或巴豆酸均聚物和共聚物、乙烯基苯磺酸或2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸均聚物和共聚物,以及此类聚合物和共聚物的部分酰胺或部分酯、羧基改性聚乙烯醇、磺酸改性聚乙烯醇和磷酸改性聚乙烯醇、磷酸化或硫酸化三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物。阴离子乳化剂的量按所有成分重量计为0.1%至40%,更优选为0.5%至10%,更优选按重量计为0.5%至5%。
氨基塑料(aminoplasts)和明胶。在US 3,516,941和US2007/0078071中公开了用于氨基塑料封装的代表性方法,然而认识到关于材料和工艺步骤的许多变化都是可能的。US2,800,457中公开了另一种封装方法,即明胶封装。这两种方法分别在美国专利号4,145,184和5,112,688中在用于消费品的香味封装中讨论了。聚合物系统是本领域公知的,并且这些系统的非限制性实例包括如GB 2006709 A中公开的氨基塑料胶囊和封装的颗粒;如US4,396,670中公开的,生产具有包含与三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐的壁的微胶囊;如US 5,089,339中公开的与三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂交联的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物;如US 5,401,577中公开的由阳离子三聚氰胺-甲醛缩合物组成的胶囊;如US 3,074,845中公开的三聚氰胺甲醛微囊化;如EP 0158449 A1中公开的酰胺醛树脂原位聚合胶囊;如US5,204,185中公开的醚化脲-甲醛聚合物;如US 4,525,520中描述的三聚氰胺-甲醛微胶囊;如US 5,011,634中描述的交联油溶性三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物;如US 5,013,473中公开的由然后交联的阳离子和阴离子三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物的复合物形成的胶囊壁材料;如US3,516,941中公开的由加成聚合物例如缩聚物、酚醛、脲醛或丙烯酸聚合物制成的聚合物壳;如EP 0443428 A2中公开的脲甲醛胶囊;如GB 2062570 A中公开的三聚氰胺-甲醛化学过程;以及由酸的盐形式的苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物或共聚物组成的胶囊,和如US 4,001,140中公开的与三聚氰胺-甲醛交联的胶囊。
脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺甲醛胶囊。脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物胶囊壳壁前体通过使脲或三聚氰胺与甲醛反应来制备,其中三聚氰胺或脲与甲醛的摩尔比在10:1至1:6的范围内,优选地在1:2至1:5的范围内。为了实施本发明,所得材料的重均分子量在156Da至3000Da的范围内。所得材料可以“原样”用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以进一步与C1-C6烷醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、3-丙醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇或1-己醇)反应,从而形成部分醚,其中三聚氰胺/脲:甲醛:烷醇的摩尔比在1:(0.1-6):(0.1-6)的范围内。所得含醚部分的产物可以“原样”用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以自缩合形成二聚体、三聚体和/或四聚体,其也可以用作上述取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂。形成此类三聚氰胺-甲醛和脲-甲醛预缩合物的方法在美国专利号6,261,483和Lee et al.(2002)J.Microencapsulation 19,559-569中阐述。
可用于本发明的实践中的脲-甲醛预缩合物的实例是URACTM 180和URACTM 186,Cytec Technology Corp.(威尔明顿,DE)的商标。可用于本发明实践中的三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物的实例包括但不限于U-60\/>U-64和/>U-65,CytecTechnology Corp.(威尔明顿,DE)的商标。优选使用取代或未取代的丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物作为用于交联的预缩合物。在实施本发明时,脲-甲醛预缩合物/三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物与取代/未取代的丙烯酸聚合物/共聚物的摩尔比范围为9:1至1:9,优选为5:1至1:5,最优选2:1至1:2。
在一个实施方案中,也可以使用具有由伯胺和/或仲胺反应性基团或其混合物和交联剂组成的聚合物的微胶囊。参见US2006/0248665。胺聚合物可具有伯胺和/或仲胺官能团并且可以是天然或合成来源的。天然来源的含胺聚合物通常是蛋白质,例如明胶和清蛋白,以及一些多糖。合成胺聚合物包括不同程度水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺、聚乙烯胺、聚烯丙胺和其他具有伯胺和仲胺侧基的合成聚合物。合适的胺聚合物的实例是可从BASF获得的系列的聚乙烯基甲酰胺。这些材料的重均分子量范围可以为10,000Da至1,000,000Da。
这些胶囊还可以包括能够结合游离甲醛的甲醛清除剂。当胶囊用于水性介质时,甲醛清除剂例如亚硫酸钠、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸和碳肼(carbohydrazine)是合适的。当胶囊用于具有低pH的产品(例如织物调理剂)中时,甲醛清除剂优选选自β二酮,例如β-酮酯,或选自1,3-二醇,例如丙二醇。优选的β-酮酯包括丙二酸烷基酯、乙酰乙酸烷基酯和聚乙烯醇乙酰乙酸酯。
本发明的微胶囊组合物任选地含有一种或多种另外的微胶囊,例如第二、第三、第四、第五或第六微胶囊。这些微胶囊中的每一个都可以是上述任何微胶囊。
这些额外的微胶囊可以是上述任何微胶囊,但在微胶囊尺寸、聚合度、交联度、封装聚合物、壁厚度、活性材料、壁材料和活性材料之间的比例、破裂力或断裂强度等方面彼此不同。
活性材料
微胶囊核可包含一种或多种活性材料,包括风味剂和/或香料成分(fragranceingredients),例如芳香油。可封装的个体活性材料包括在WO 2016049456第38-50页中列出的那些。这些活性材料包括风味剂或香料成分、掩味剂、味觉剂(taste sensates)、恶臭冲消剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗菌剂、防晒活性剂、抗氧化剂、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗真菌剂、抗生素、抗病毒剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、皮肤病活性成分、酶和辅酶、皮肤美白剂、抗组胺剂、化学治疗剂、驱昆虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂、UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂、驱动物剂、驱害虫剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米至微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒,以及它们的组合。
设想了高性能、高冲击(high impact)的香料。WO 2018/071897中描述了一类高性能香料。这些香料具有高强度谐香(accord),含有(i)至少7wt%(例如,7至95wt%)的第1类香料成分,(ii)5至95wt%(例如,5至80wt%,10至80wt%,和10至70wt%)的第2类香料成分,和(iii)0至80wt%的第3类香料成分,其中第1类香料成分各自具有8.5cm/秒或更大的实验速度,第2类香料成分各自具有小于8.5cm/秒且大于5cm/秒的实验速度,第3类香料成分各自具有5cm/秒或更小的实验速度。在一些实施方案中,第1类香料成分、第2类香料成分和第3类香料成分的总和为100%。在其他实施方案中,第1类和第2类成分的总和为20%至100wt%。适用于本发明的其他高冲击香料是在WO 1999/065458、US 9,222,055、US2005/0003975和WO1997/034987中描述的那些。
除了上面列出的活性材料之外,本发明的产品还可以含有例如以下染料、着色剂或颜料:乳黄素(核黄素)、β-胡萝卜素、核黄素-5'-磷酸、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、鸡油菌素、赤藓红、姜黄素、喹啉黄、黄橙S、酒石黄、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素(胭脂树红、奥尔良(orlean))、辣椒黄素、辣椒红素、番茄红素、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素酸乙酯、叶黄素类(黄黄质、黄体素、隐黄质、玉红黄质、紫黄质、紫松果黄素(rodoxanthin))、永固洋红(胭脂红酸、胭脂虫红)、偶氮红质、胭脂虫红A(PonceauTM 4R)、甜菜红、甜菜苷、花青素、苋菜红、专利蓝V、靛蓝I(靛蓝胭脂红)、叶绿素类、叶绿素铜化合物、酸亮绿BS(丽丝胺绿)、亮黑BN、植物碳、二氧化钛、铁氧化物和氢氧化物、碳酸钙、铝、银、金,颜料宝石红BK(立索尔宝红BK)、甲基紫B、维多利亚蓝R、维多利亚蓝B、酸性艳蓝FFR(亮羊毛蓝FFR)、萘酚绿B、酸性固绿10G(碱性固绿10G)、谷神黄GRN(ceres yellow GRN)、苏丹蓝II、群青、酞菁蓝、酞菁绿、坚牢酸性紫R。其他天然获得的提取物(例如辣椒粉提取物、黑胡萝卜提取物、红甘蓝提取物)可用于着色目的。使用以下命名的色料(即所谓的铝色淀)也可以获得良好的结果:FD&C黄5号色淀、FD&C蓝2号色淀、FD&C蓝1号色淀、酒石黄色淀、喹啉黄色淀、FD&C黄6号色淀、FD&C红40号色淀、日落黄色淀、红色酸性染料色淀(Carmoisine Lake)、苋菜红色淀、Ponceau 4R色淀、赤藓红色淀(Erythrosyne Lake)、红2G色淀、诱惑红色淀、专利蓝V色淀、靛蓝胭脂红色淀、亮蓝色淀、棕HT色淀、黑PN色淀、绿S色淀,和它们的混合物。
当活性材料为香料时,优选使用香料中的ClogP为0.5至15的香料成分。例如,ClogP值在0.5至8之间(例如,1至12之间、1.5至8之间、2至7之间、1至6之间、2至6之间、2至5之间、3至7之间)的成分按香料重量计为25%或更高(例如,50%或更高和90%或更高)。
优选使用重均ClogP为2.5或更高(例如3或更高、2.5至7、2.5至5)的香料。重均ClogP计算如下:
ClogP={Sum[(Wi)(ClogP)i]}/{Sum Wi},
其中Wi是每种香料成分的重量分数,(ClogP)i是该香料成分的ClogP。
举例来说,优选大于60wt%(优选大于80wt%,更优选大于90wt%)的香料化学品具有大于2(优选大于3.3,更优选大于4,甚至更优选大于4.5)的ClogP值。
本领域技术人员将理解,可以使用各种溶剂和香料化学品来形成许多香料。使用相对低至中等的ClogP香料成分将得到适合封装的香料。这些香料通常是水不溶性的,通过本发明的胶囊系统被递送到处于不同阶段的消费品上,例如潮湿和干燥的织物。在不封装的情况下,游离香料通常在使用(例如洗涤)过程中蒸发或溶解在水中。虽然高ClogP材料通常可以很好地从消费品中的常规(非封装)香料中释放出来,但它们具有出色的封装性质,也适用于封装以实现整体香味特征的目的、非常持久的香味传递或克服与消费品(例如以其他方式不稳定、导致产品增稠或变色或以其他方式对所需的消费品性质产生负面影响的香料材料)不兼容。
在一些实施方案中,封装的活性材料的量按微胶囊组合物的重量计为5%至95%(例如,10%至90%、15%至90%和20%至80%)。胶囊壁的量也按微胶囊组合物的重量计为0.5%至30%(例如1%至25%、2至20%和5至15%)。在其他实施方案中,封装的活性材料的量按微胶囊的重量计为15%至99.5%(例如20%至98%和30%至90%),胶囊壁的量按微胶囊的重量计为0.5%至85%(例如,2至50%和5至40%)。
辅助材料
除了活性材料之外,本发明还考虑将包括溶剂、润肤剂和核改性剂材料在内的辅助材料并入到胶囊壁封装的核中。其他辅助材料是溶解度调节剂、密度调节剂、稳定剂、粘度调节剂、pH调节剂或它们的任何组合。这些调节剂可以存在于胶囊的壁或核中,或在递送系统中的胶囊的外部。优选地,它们在核中作为核调节剂。
一种或多种辅助材料可以以按微胶囊的重量计0.01%至40%(例如,0.5%至30%)的量添加。
合适的实例包括在WO 2016/049456第55-57页和US2016/0158121第15-18页中描述的那些。
沉积助剂
可用于本发明微胶囊组合物的示例性沉积助剂是丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物。这种共聚物促进微胶囊沉积在硬表面(例如毛发、皮肤、纤维、家具和地板)上。共聚物的平均分子量(例如,通过尺寸排阻色谱法测定的重均分子量(Mw))通常为2,000Da至10,000,000Da,下限为2,000Da、5,000Da、10,000Da、20,000Da、50,000Da、100,000Da,250,000Da、500,000Da或800,000Da,上限为10,000,000Da、5,000,000Da、2,000,000Da、1,000,000Da或500,000Da(例如,500,000Da至2,000,000Da和800,000Da至1,500,000Da)。共聚物的电荷密度范围为1meq/g至2.5meq/g,优选为1.5meq/g至2.2meq/g。丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺-丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物可从各种供应商处例如Ashland作为SP-100和Ciba/>SC60商购获得。
其他合适的沉积助剂包括阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性离子水溶性聚合物。合适的沉积助剂包括三甲基铵、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、二甲基铵、木糖、半乳糖、羟丙基化葡萄糖、羟乙基化葡萄糖、羟甲基化葡萄糖、乙烯胺、乙烯亚胺、官能化支化聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、己内酯、儿茶酚、乙烯醇、聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-79和水解角蛋白共聚物、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺和乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖、乙基三甲基氯化铵甲基丙烯酸酯/水解小麦蛋白共聚物、烷基铵羟丙基水解蛋白,和它们的组合。更多的沉积助剂实例描述于WO 2016049456第13-27页;US2013/0330292;US2013/0337023;和US2014/0017278中。
另外的沉积助剂是WO2016032993中描述的那些阳离子聚合物。这些阳离子聚合物的典型特征在于相对高的电荷密度(例如,从4meq/g,或从5meq/g,或从5.2meq/g到12meq/g,或到10meq/g,或到8meq/g或到7meq/g,或到6.5meq/g。阳离子聚合物包含为非离子、阳离子、阴离子,或它们的混合物的结构单元。在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含5mol%至60mol%或15mol%至30mol%的非离子结构单元,该非离子结构单元衍生自选自由以下的单体:(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、N,N-二烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、C1-C12烷基丙烯酸酯、C1-C12羟烷基丙烯酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇丙烯酸酯、C1-C12烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、C1-C12羟烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基乙酰胺、乙烯基烷基醚、乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基己内酰胺,和它们的混合物。
在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含以按阳离子聚合物的质量计30mol%至100mol%或50mol%至100mol%或55mol%至95mol%或70mol%至85mol%的水平的阳离子结构单元。阳离子结构单元通常衍生自阳离子单体,例如N,N-二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰氨基烷基三烷基铵盐、丙烯酰氨基烷基三烷基铵盐、乙烯基胺、乙烯基亚胺、乙烯基咪唑、季铵化乙烯基咪唑、二烯丙基二烷基铵盐,和它们的混合物。优选地,阳离子单体选自二烯丙基二甲基铵盐(DADMAS)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAM)、[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)乙基]三甲基铵盐、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺(DMAPA)、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA)、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵盐(APTAS)、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵盐(MAPTAS)、季铵化乙烯基咪唑(QVi),和它们的混合物。
在一些方面,阳离子聚合物包含以按阳离子聚合物的质量计0.01mol%至15mol%、0.05mol%至10mol%或0.1mol%至5mol%的水平的阴离子结构单元。在一些方面,阴离子结构单元衍生自阴离子单体,所述阴离子单体选自:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、丙烯酰胺丙基甲烷磺酸(AMPS),以及它们的盐和混合物。
示例性阳离子聚合物是聚丙烯酰胺-共-DADMAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-DADMAS-共-丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺-共-APTAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-MAPTAS、聚丙烯酰胺-共-QVi、聚乙烯基甲酰胺-共-DADMAS、聚(DADMAS)、聚丙烯酰胺-共-MAPTAS-共丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺-共-APTAS-共-丙烯酸,和它们的混合物。
沉积助剂通常以按微胶囊组合物的重量计0.01%至50%(下限为0.01%、0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%或5%,上限为50%、40%、30%、20%、15%或10%,例如0.1%至30%、1%至20%、2%至15%和5%至10%)的水平存在。在诸如洗发剂等消费品中,沉积助剂通常以按洗发剂组合物的重量计0.001%至20%(下限为0.001%、0.005%、0.01%、0.02%或0.05%,上限为20%、15%、10%、5%、2%或1%,例如0.005%至10%、0.01%至5%和0.02%至0.5%)的水平存在。胶囊沉积助剂可在制备微胶囊期间添加,或可已制成微胶囊之后添加。
可以将0.01%至25%、更优选5%至20%的第二胶囊沉积助剂添加到微胶囊组合物中。第二胶囊形成沉积助剂可选自上述沉积助剂。
另外的组分
本发明的微胶囊组合物可包含0.01至50%、更优选5至40%的一种或多种非封闭或未封装的活性材料。
胶囊递送系统还可含有一种或多种其他递送系统,例如聚合物辅助递送组合物(参见US 8,187,580)、纤维辅助递送组合物(US2010/0305021)、环糊精主客体包络物(US6,287,603和US2002/0019369)、香味前体(pro-fragrances)(WO 2000/072816和EP0922084),和它们的任何组合。可并入的更多示例性递送系统是凝聚层胶囊、环糊精递送系统和香精原(pro-perfumes)。
另外的组分的实例包括在US2016/0158121中描述的那些。
上面讨论的任何化合物、聚合物或试剂可以是如上所示的化合物、聚合物或试剂本身,或其盐、前体、水合物或溶剂化物。在阴离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带正电荷的基团之间可形成盐。合适的阴离子包括氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根、硝酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、甲磺酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酸根、苹果酸根、甲苯磺酸根、酒石酸根、富马酸根、谷氨酸根、葡糖醛酸根、乳酸根、戊二酸根和马来酸根。同样,在阳离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带负电荷的基团之间也可形成盐。合适的阳离子包括钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子和铵阳离子(例如,四甲基铵离子)。前体可以是酯和另一种合适的衍生物,其在制备本发明的胶囊组合物的过程中能够转化为化合物、聚合物或试剂并用于制备胶囊组合物。水合物是指含有水的化合物、聚合物或试剂。溶剂化物是指化合物、聚合物或试剂与合适的溶剂之间形成的复合物。合适的溶剂可以是水、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。
某些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个立构中心,每个立构中心可以是R构型、S构型或混合物。此外,一些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个双键,其中每个双键以E(反式)或Z(顺式)构型或其组合存在。化合物、聚合物和试剂包括所有可能的构型立体异构、区域异构、非对映异构、对映异构和差向异构形式,和它们的任何混合物。因此,本文使用的赖氨酸包括L-赖氨酸、D-赖氨酸、L-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、D-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、赖氨酸碳酸盐等。类似地,精氨酸包括L-精氨酸、D-精氨酸、L-精氨酸单盐酸盐、D-精氨酸单盐酸盐、精氨酸碳酸盐、精氨酸一水合物等。胍包括盐酸胍、碳酸胍、硫氰酸胍和其他胍盐,包括它们的水合物。鸟氨酸包括L-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如,单盐酸盐)和D-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如单盐酸盐)。
本发明的微胶囊组合物可以是在溶剂(例如水)中含有按胶囊递送系统的重量计0.1%至80%(优选1%至65%,更优选5%至45%)的胶囊的浆液。本发明的示例性微胶囊组合物含有多个微胶囊,每个微胶囊分散在水相中并且在40℃下稳定至少7天(例如,至少10天、至少30天和至少60天)。
已知微胶囊组合物具有形成凝胶的趋势,不适用于许多消费品。胶凝组合物(gelled-out composition)的粘度增加到至少3000厘泊(cP)(例如,至少6000cP)。可容易地在流变仪例如RheoStressTM1仪器(可商购自ThermoScientific)上,使用旋转盘在21s-1的剪切速率和25℃的温度下测量粘度。在某些实施方案中,本发明的微胶囊组合物在21s-1的剪切速率和25℃的温度下的粘度小于3000cP。
可使用多种不同的方法评估微胶囊的稳定性,包括物理稳定性和/或储存稳定性。当评估物理稳定性时,示例性微胶囊组合物可以分散在水相中并且显示在40℃下稳定至少7天(例如,至少10天、至少30天和至少60天)。通过从微胶囊组合物中分离澄清的水相来测量稳定性(例如,在量筒中)。如果按微胶囊组合物的体积计,分离出少于10%的澄清水相,则认为微胶囊组合物是稳定的。当(i)组合物的粘度为3000cP或更低(例如,2000cP或更低)和(ii)从组合物中分离出按组合物体积计20%或更少(例如,15%或更少和10%或更少)的水时,认为微胶囊组合物是稳定的。分离出的水的体积可通过常规方法例如量筒容易地测量。
当评估储存稳定性时,可以在消费品基料中在期望的温度和时间段例如四个星期、六个星期、两个月、三个月或更长时间储存之后直接测量微胶囊内的留香性(fragranceretention)。优选的方式是在指定时间测量消费品的总顶空(total headspace),并将结果与通过直接添加现有的香料总量制成的代表0%留香的对照消费品的顶空进行比较。或者,消费品可以在储存期后进行性能测试,并将性能与新鲜产品通过分析或通过感官评价进行比较。这种测量常涉及测量与产品一起使用的基材上方的香味顶空,或对同一基材进行气味评价。在某些实施方案中,例如在储存条件下,例如在25℃至40℃范围内、或更优选地在30℃至37℃范围内、或最优选地在37℃的温度下储存至少2周、4周、6周、8周、16周或32周的延长时间,在消费品基料中评估活性材料在本发明微胶囊核中的留香性。在某些实施方案中,本发明的微胶囊保留至少40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或99%的添加到消费品基料中时的活性材料。在特定的实施方案中,本发明的微胶囊在添加到消费品基料中时,在37℃下储存至少4周、8周或12周后保留40%至90%的活性材料。或者说,本发明的微胶囊在添加到消费品基料中并在37℃下储存8周时由于渗漏而损失少于50%的活性材料。
使用本发明的方法,实现了相对高的封装效率。“封装效率”或“微封装效率”或“MEE”代表活性材料核在指定测试条件下不被提取溶剂获得的比例。根据本发明的方法,可达到50%至99.9%或更优选60%至99.7%的微封装效率。特别地,实现了至少90%、92%、94%、96%、98%或99%的封装效率。
在一些实施方案中,通过用水洗涤胶囊浆液直至达到中性pH(pH为6至8)来纯化微胶囊组合物。为了本发明的目的,可使用任何常规方法洗涤胶囊悬浮液,包括使用分液漏斗、滤纸、离心等。胶囊悬浮液可以洗涤一次、二次、三次、四次、五次、六次或更多次,直到达到中性pH,例如pH6-8和6.5-7.5。可使用任何常规方法来测定纯化的胶囊的pH值,包括但不限于pH试纸、pH指示剂或pH计。
胶囊组合物是“纯化的”,因为它与胶囊具有80%、90%、95%、97%、98%或99%的同质性。根据本发明,通过洗涤胶囊直至达到中性pH来获得纯度,这表明去除了不想要的杂质和/或起始材料,例如聚异氰酸酯、交联剂等。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,胶囊的纯化包括在用水洗涤胶囊悬浮液的步骤之前向胶囊悬浮液添加盐的附加步骤。在本发明的该步骤中使用的示例性盐包括但不限于氯化钠、氯化钾或亚硫酸氢盐。参见US 2014/0017287。
本发明的微胶囊组合物也可以干燥(例如喷雾干燥、加热干燥和带式干燥)成固体形式。在喷雾干燥过程中,将喷雾干燥载体添加微胶囊组合物中以帮助从浆液中除去水。参见US20120151790、US20140377446、US20150267964、US20150284189和US20160097591。
根据一个实施方案,喷雾干燥载体可选自碳水化合物例如化学改性淀粉和/或水解淀粉、树胶例如阿拉伯树胶、蛋白质例如乳清蛋白、纤维素衍生物、粘土、合成水溶性聚合物和/或共聚物例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇。喷雾干燥载体可以以按浆液中的微胶囊组合物的重量计1%至50%、更优选5%至20%的量存在。
任选地,按浆液中微胶囊组合物的重量计,可以存在0.01%至10%、更优选0.5%至5%的二氧化硅自由流动剂(抗结块剂),其可以是疏水性的(即用卤素硅烷、烷氧基硅烷、硅氮烷、硅氧烷等处理的硅烷醇表面,例如D17、/>R972和R974(可获自Degussa),等)和/或亲水性的,例如/>200、/>22S、/>50S,(可获自Degussa);/>244(可获自Grace Davison)。
也可以添加保湿剂和粘度控制/悬浮剂以促进喷雾干燥。这些试剂在美国专利号4,446,032和6,930,078中公开。疏水性二氧化硅作为活性材料的功能性递送载体而非自由流动/抗结块剂的详细信息在美国专利号5,500,223和6,608,017中公开。
喷雾干燥入口温度在150℃至240℃的范围内,优选在170℃至230℃之间,更优选在190℃至220℃之间。
如本文所述,喷雾干燥的微胶囊组合物非常适用于各种全干燥(无水)产品:粉末衣物洗涤剂、织物柔软剂干燥片剂、家用清洁干抹布、粉末餐具洗涤剂、地板清洁布或任何干燥形式的个人护理产品(例如洗发粉、除臭粉、爽足粉、肥皂粉、婴儿爽身粉)等。由于本发明的喷雾干燥产品中的高香料和/或活性剂浓度,小剂量的喷雾干燥产品不会对上述干燥消费品的特性产生不利影响。
微胶囊组合物也可以作为浆液喷洒到消费品例如织物护理产品上。举例来说,在混合制成颗粒期间,将液体胶囊浆液喷洒到洗涤剂粉末上。参见US2011/0190191。为了增加香料负载量,可以将吸水材料(例如沸石)添加到递送系统中。
或者,消费品中的颗粒在造粒助剂如非酸性水溶性有机结晶固体的存在下在机械造粒机中制备。参见WO 2005/097962。
ζ电位和破裂力
本发明的微胶囊可带有-200mV至+200mV范围内的ζ电位的正电荷或负电荷,所述ζ电位例如至少10mV、至少25mV、至少40mV、25mV至200mV和40mV至100mV。
ζ电位是微胶囊中电动电位的测量值。从理论观点来看,ζ电位是水相(即分散介质)与附着在微胶囊表面的水的稳定层之间的电位差。
ζ电位是微胶囊在组合物或消费品中的稳定性的重要指标。通常,ζ电位为10mV至25mV的微胶囊显示出中等稳定性。类似地,ζ电位为25mV至40mV的微胶囊表现出良好的稳定性,而ζ电位为40mV至100mV的微胶囊表现出优异的稳定性。不受任何理论的束缚,本发明的微胶囊具有理想的ζ电位,使其适用于稳定性改善的消费品。
ζ电位可以使用理论模型和实验确定的电泳迁移率或动态电泳迁移率来计算。ζ电位通常通过诸如微量电泳或电泳光散射或电声现象的方法测量。有关ζ电位测量的更详细讨论,参见Dukhin和Goetz,"Ultrasound for characterizing colloids",Elsevier,2002。
本发明的微胶囊的断裂强度为0.2MPa至80MPa(例如,0.5Mpa至60MPa,1MPa至50MPa和5MPa至30MPa)。每个微胶囊的断裂强度是通过用破裂力(以牛顿为单位)除以相应微胶囊的横截面积(πr2,其中r是压缩前颗粒的半径)来计算的。破裂力和横截面积的测量按照Zhang et al.,J.Microencapsulation 18(5),593-602(2001)中描述的方法进行。
本发明的微胶囊的破裂力为小于10毫牛顿(“mN”),例如0.1mN至10mN、0.2mN至8mN、0.3mN至5mN、0.1mN至2mN、0.1mN、0.5mN、1mN、2mN、5mN和8mN。破裂力是使微胶囊破裂所需的力。其测量基于本领域已知为微操作的技术。参见Zhang et al.,Journal ofMicroencapsulation 16(1),117-124(1999)。
应用
本发明的微胶囊非常适合用于但不限于以下另外的产品:
a)家用产品
i.可使用本发明的液体或粉末衣物洗涤剂包括以下文献中描述的那些系统:美国专利号5,929,022、5,916,862、5,731,278、5,565,145、5,470,507、5,466,802、5,460,752、5,458,810、5,458,809、5,288,431、5,194,639、4,968,451、4,597,898、4,561,998、4,550,862、4,537,707、4,537,706、4,515,705、4,446,042和4,318,818
ii.单位剂量囊剂、片剂和胶囊,例如在以下文献中描述的那些:EP 1 431 382A1、US 2013/0219996 A1、US 2013/0284637 A1和US 6,492,315。这些单位剂量制剂可含有高浓度的功能材料(例如,5-100%的织物柔软剂或洗涤剂活性材料)、香料(例如,0.5-100%、0.5-40%和0.5-15%)和风味剂(例如,0.1-100%、0.1-40%和1-20%)。它们可以不含水,以将水含量限制为低于30%(例如,低于20%、低于10%和低于5%)。
iii.气味增强剂,例如在以下文献中描述的那些:US 7,867,968、US 7,871,976、US 8,333,289、US 2007/0269651 A1和US2014/0107010 A1。
iv.织物护理产品,例如漂洗调理剂(含有1-30重量%的织物调理活性材料)、织物液体调理剂(含有1至30重量%的织物调理活性材料)、滚筒烘干机片、织物清新剂、织物清新剂喷雾剂、熨烫水和织物柔软剂系统,例如以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,335,315、5,674,832、5,759,990、5,877,145、5,574,179、5,562,849、5,545,350、5,545,340、5,411,671、5,403,499、5,288,417和4,767,547。
液体织物柔软剂/清新剂含有至少一种织物柔软剂,其优选以1-30%(例如,4-20%、4-10%和8-15%)的浓度存在。活性材料和织物柔软剂之间的比例可以是1:500至1:2(例如,1:250至1:4和1:100至1:8)。举例来说,当织物柔软剂为织物柔顺剂重量的5%时,活性材料为0.01-2.5%,优选0.02-1.25%,更优选0.1-0.63%。作为另一个实例,当织物柔软剂为织物柔顺剂重量的20%时,活性材料为0.04-10%,优选0.08-5%,更优选0.4-2.5%。活性材料是香料、恶臭冲消剂,或它们的混合物。液体织物柔顺剂可具有0.15-15%的胶囊(例如,0.5-10%、0.7-5%和1-3%)。当包括这些水平的胶囊时,柔顺剂中的净油当量(NOE)为0.05-5%(例如,0.15-3.2%、0.25-2%和0.3-1%)。
合适的织物柔软剂包括阳离子表面活性剂。非限制性实例是季铵化合物,例如烷基化季铵化合物、环或环状季铵化合物、芳族季铵化合物、双季铵化合物、烷氧基化季铵化合物、酰氨基胺季铵化合物、酯季铵化合物,和它们的混合物。织物柔软组合物及其组分一般描述于US2004/0204337和US2003/0060390中。合适的柔软剂包括酯基季铵盐例如可商购自Evonik Industries的Rewoquat WE 18和可商购自Stepan Company的Stepantex SP-90。
v.液体餐具洗涤剂,例如美国专利号6,069,122和5,990,065中描述的那些
vi.洗碗机用洗涤剂,例如以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,020,294、6,017,871、5,968,881、5,962,386、5,939,373、5,914,307、5,902,781、5,705,464、5,703,034、5,703,030、5,679,630、5,597,936、5,581,005、5,559,261、4,515,705、5,169,552和4,714,562
vii.多用途清洁剂,包括桶可稀释清洁剂和马桶清洁剂
viii.浴室清洁剂
ix.卫生纸
x.地毯除臭剂
xi.蜡烛
xii.房间除臭剂
xiii.地板清洁剂
xiv.消毒剂
xv.窗户清洁剂
xvi.垃圾袋/垃圾桶内衬
xvii.空气清新剂包括房间除臭剂和汽车除臭剂、香薰蜡烛、喷雾剂、香熏油空气清新剂、自动喷雾空气清新剂和中和凝胶珠
xviii.吸湿剂
xix.家用设备,例如纸巾和一次性湿巾
xx.樟脑丸/圈/饼
xxi.液体香料组合物或香滴剂产品各自包含:(i)3wt%至40wt%(例如,5wt%至35wt%,优选8wt%至30wt%,并且更优选10wt%至3wt%)的以净油的形式或封装在微胶囊中的香料,(ii)0.5wt%至5wt%(优选0.2wt%至3wt%,更优选0.5wt%至2.5wt%)的蓖麻油酸甘油酯,和(iii)60wt%至95wt%的水。所有量均基于液体香料组合物的重量。
b)婴儿护理产品
i.尿布疹霜/香膏
ii.婴儿爽身粉
c)婴儿护理设备
i.尿布
ii.围兜
iii.湿巾
d)口腔护理产品。牙齿护理产品(作为用于口腔护理的根据本发明的制剂的一个实例)通常包括研磨系统(研磨剂或抛光剂),例如硅酸、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、氧化铝和/或羟基磷灰石;表面-活性物质,例如十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基肌氨酸钠和/或椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱;湿润剂,例如甘油和/或山梨糖醇;增稠剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、角叉菜胶和/或甜味剂,例如糖精;令人不快的味觉的矫味剂;用于进一步通常令人不快的味觉的矫味剂;味觉调节物质(例如磷酸肌醇、核苷酸例如鸟苷单磷酸、腺苷单磷酸或其他物质如谷氨酸钠或2-苯氧基丙酸);清凉活性成分,例如薄荷醇衍生物,(例如L-薄荷基乳酸酯、L-薄荷基烷基碳酸酯、薄荷酮缩酮、薄荷烷羧酸酰胺)、2,2,2-三烷基乙酸酰胺(例如2,2-二异丙基丙酸甲基酰胺);icilin和icilin衍生物;稳定剂和活性成分,例如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、二氟化锡、季铵氟化物、柠檬酸锌、硫酸锌、焦磷酸锡、二氯化锡、各种焦磷酸盐的混合物、三氯生、西吡氯铵、乳酸铝、柠檬酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、氯化锶、过氧化氢、风味剂和/或碳酸氢钠或矫味剂。
i.牙膏。示例性配方如下:
1.磷酸钙40-55%
2.羧甲基纤维素0.8-1.2%
3.十二烷基硫酸钠1.5-2.5%
4.甘油20-30%
5.糖精0.1-0.3%
6.风味油1-2.5%
7.水适量至100%
制备该制剂的典型程序包括以下步骤:(i)根据前述配方通过混合器混合以提供牙膏,和(ii)添加本发明的组合物并将所得混合物混合直至均匀。
ii.牙粉
iii.漱口水
iv.牙齿美白剂
v.假牙粘合剂
e)医疗保健器具
i.牙线
ii.牙刷
iii.呼吸器
iv.香味/风味避孕套
f)女性卫生用品,例如卫生棉条、卫生巾和湿巾,以及护垫
g)个人护理产品:化妆品或药物制剂,例如“油包水”(W/O)型乳液、“水包油”(O/W)型乳液或多重乳液,例如水包油包水(W/O/W)型乳液,如PIT乳液、Pickering乳液、微乳液或纳米乳液;以及特别优选的乳液为“水包油”(O/W)型或水包油包水(W/O/W)型。更具体地说,
i.个人清洁剂(条皂、沐浴液和沐浴露)
ii.淋浴间调理剂
iii.防晒和纹身颜色保护(喷雾剂、乳液和棒)
iv.驱昆虫剂
v.消毒洗手液
vi.抗炎香膏、软膏和喷雾
vii.抗菌软膏和乳膏
viii.可感觉物
ix.除臭剂和止汗剂包括气溶胶和泵喷雾止汗剂、棒状止汗剂、滚珠止汗剂、乳液喷雾止汗剂、透明乳液棒状止汗剂、软固体止汗剂、乳液滚珠止汗剂、透明乳液棒状止汗剂、不透明乳液棒状止汗剂、透明凝胶止汗剂、透明棒状除臭剂、凝胶除臭剂、喷雾除臭剂、滚珠除臭剂和软膏除臭剂
x.蜡基除臭剂。示例性配方如下:
1.石蜡10-20%
2.烃蜡5-10%
3.白凡士林10-15%
4.乙酰化羊毛脂醇2-4%
5.己二酸二异丙酯4-8%
6.矿物油40-60%
7.防腐剂(根据需要)
通过以下步骤制备该制剂:(i)混合上述成分,(ii)将所得组合物加热至75℃直至熔化,(iii)在搅拌下,添加含有香料的4%低温研磨聚合物,同时保持温度75℃,和(iv)在将本发明的组合物添加到制剂中时搅拌所得混合物以确保均匀的悬浮液。
xi.二醇/肥皂型除臭剂。示例性配方如下:
1.丙二醇60-70%
2.硬脂酸钠5-10%
3.蒸馏水20-30%
4. 2,4,4-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚,由Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company生产,为Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company的商标)0.01-0.5%
将成分混合并在搅拌下加热至75℃,直至硬脂酸钠溶解。将所得混合物冷却至40℃,然后添加本发明的组合物。
xii.乳液包括身体乳液、面部乳液和手部乳液
xiii.爽身粉和爽足粉
xiv.化妆用品
xv.身体喷雾
xvi.剃须膏和男性美容产品
xvii.浴浸泡剂
xviii.去角质磨砂膏
h)个人护理设备
i.面巾纸
ii.清洁湿巾
i)护发产品
i.洗发剂(液体和干粉)
ii.护发素(漂洗护发素、免洗护发素和清洁护发素)
iii.润丝剂
iv.醒发水
v.头发香水
vi.直发产品
vii.头发造型产品、头发定型和造型助剂
viii.梳头膏
ix.发蜡
x.发泡沫、发胶、非气溶胶泵喷雾
xi.头发漂白剂、染料和着色剂
xii.烫发剂
xiii.发用湿巾
j)美容护理
i.香水-酒精。US 4,428,869中描述了用于将香料胶囊并入到酒精香水中的组合物和方法。酒精类香水可以含有以下成分:
1.乙醇(1-99%)
2.水(0-99%)
3.助悬剂,包括但不限于:羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、二氧化硅、微晶纤维素、角叉菜胶、丙二醇海藻酸酯、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶(0.1%)
4.任选地可以包括乳化剂或润肤剂,包括但不限于以上所列的那些
ii.固体香精
iii.口红/润唇膏
iv.卸妆剂
v.护肤化妆品,例如粉底、面膜、防晒霜、皮肤乳液、乳液、护肤霜、润肤剂、皮肤美白剂
vi.化妆用化妆品,包括美甲、睫毛膏、眼线笔、眼影、粉底液、粉状粉底、口红和腮红
k)生活消费品包装,例如加香纸箱、加香塑料瓶/盒
l)宠物护理产品
i.猫砂
ii.跳蚤和蜱虫治疗产品
iii.宠物美容产品
iv.宠物洗发剂
v.宠物玩具、零食和咀嚼物
vi.宠物训练垫
vii.宠物笼和板条箱
m)糖果,优选选自巧克力、巧克力棒产品、其他棒状产品、水果橡皮糖、硬和软焦糖和口香糖
i.胶
1.胶基(天然乳胶树胶,目前大多数口香糖胶基还包括弹性体,例如聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)、聚乙烯、(低或中分子量)聚异丁烯(PIB)、聚丁二烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(丁基橡胶)、聚乙烯基乙醚(PVE)、聚乙烯基丁醚、乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚的共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶,SBR)或乙烯基弹性体,例如基于乙酸乙烯酯/月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯/硬脂酸乙烯酯或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯,以及上述弹性体的混合物,例如描述于EP0 242 325、美国专利号4,518,615、美国专利号5,093,136、美国专利号5,266,336、美国专利号5,601,858或美国专利号6,986,709中)20-25%
2.糖粉45-50%
3.葡萄糖15-17%
4.淀粉糖浆10-13%
5.增塑剂0.1%
6.风味剂0.8-1.2%
根据前述配方通过捏合机捏合上述组分以提供口香糖。然后添加封装的风味剂或感觉剂,并混合直至均匀。
ii.口气清新剂
iii.口中溶解条
iv.咀嚼糖
v.硬糖
n)烘焙产品,优选选自面包、干制饼干、蛋糕和其他饼干;
o)休闲食品,优选选自烘焙或油炸薯片或马铃薯面团产品、面包面团产品和玉米或花生基挤出物;
i.马铃薯、玉米饼、蔬菜或杂粮薯条
ii.爆米花
iii.椒盐脆饼干
iv.挤压堆叠物
p)谷物产品优选选自早餐谷物、麦片棒和预煮成品大米产品
q)酒精和非酒精饮料,优选选自咖啡、茶、葡萄酒、含葡萄酒饮料、啤酒、含啤酒饮料、利口酒、杜松子酒、白兰地、含水果苏打水、等渗饮料、软饮料、花蜜、水果和蔬菜汁以及水果或蔬菜制品;速溶饮料,优选选自速溶可可饮料、速溶茶饮料和速溶咖啡饮料
i.即饮液体饮料
ii.液体饮料浓缩物
iii.粉末饮料
iv.咖啡:速溶卡布奇诺
1.糖30-40%
2.奶粉24-35%
3.可溶性咖啡20-25%
4.乳糖1-15%
5.食品级乳化剂1-3%
6.封装的挥发性风味剂0.01-0.5%
v.茶
vi.酒精类
r)香辛料混合物和消费性调制食品
i.粉末肉汁、酱汁混合物
ii.调味品
iii.发酵产品
s)即热食品:即食食品和汤,优选选自汤粉、速溶汤、预煮汤
i.汤
ii.酱汁
iii.炖菜
iv.冷冻主菜
t)乳制品奶制品,优选选自乳饮料、冰牛奶、酸奶、山羊乳酪、奶油干酪、软干酪、硬干酪、奶粉、乳清、黄油、酪乳和部分或完全水解的含乳蛋白产品风味乳饮料
i.酸奶
ii.冰淇淋
iii.豆腐
iv.奶酪
u)大豆蛋白或其他大豆部分,优选选自豆奶及由其生产的产品、含大豆磷脂的制品、发酵食品例如豆腐或豆豉或由其生产的产品以及酱油;
v)肉制品,优选选自火腿、新鲜或生香肠制品,以及调味或腌制的新鲜或咸肉制品
w)蛋或蛋制品,优选选自干燥蛋、蛋清和蛋黄
x)油基产品或其乳液,优选选自美乃滋酱、蛋黄酱、调料和佐料制品
y)水果制品,优选选自果酱、冰糕、水果酱和水果馅;蔬菜制品,优选选自番茄酱、酱汁、干蔬菜、深冻蔬菜、预煮蔬菜、醋渍蔬菜和腌制蔬菜
z)风味宠物食品。
上面列出的应用在本领域中全都是众所周知的。例如,织物柔软剂体系描述在以下文献中:美国专利号6,335,315、5,674,832、5,759,990、5,877,145、5,574,179;5,562,849、5,545,350、5,545,340、5,411,671、5,403,499、5,288,417和4,767,547、4,424,134。液体衣物洗涤剂包括以下文献中描述的那些体系:美国专利号5,929,022、5,916,862、5,731,278、5,565,145、5,470,507、5,466,802、5,460,752、5,458,810、5,458,809、5,288,431、5,194,639、4,968,451、4,597,898、4,561,998、4,550,862、4,537,707、4,537,706、4,515,705、4,446,042和4,318,818。液体餐具洗涤剂描述在美国专利号6,069,122和5,990,065中。可应用本发明的洗发剂和护发素包括在以下文献中描述的那些:美国专利号6,162,423、5,968,286、5,935,561、5,932,203、5,837,661、5,776,443、5,756,436、5,661,118、5,618,523、5,275,755、5,085,857、4,673,568、4,387,090和4,705,681。洗碗机用洗涤剂描述在以下文献中:美国专利号6,020,294、6,017,871、5,968,881、5,962,386、5,939,373、5,914,307、5,902,781、5,705,464、5,703,034、5,703,030、5,679,630、5,597,936、5,581,005、5,559,261、4,515,705、5,169,552和4,714,562。
消费品基料
本发明的微胶囊适合以浆液或干燥形式并入到消费品基料中。如本文所用,“消费品基料(consumer product base)”是指用作消费品以实现特定作用例如清洁、软化和护理等的组合物。本发明的微胶囊组合物可以直接添加到消费品基料中或打印到产品基料或可移动的产品传送机(例如不粘带)上用于干燥。参见国际申请公开WO2019212896A1。在典型的打印系统中,将微胶囊组合物打印到可移动的产品传送机上,该传送机直接接收打印的微胶囊,其然后在可移动的产品传送机上干燥以产生干燥的产品。另外的载体和溶剂可在打印前添加到微胶囊组合物中。在一些实施方案中,用粘度调节剂将微胶囊组合物的粘度调节至大于500cP或大于1000cP。关于打印组件,打印组件可包括打印头或喷嘴阵列,并且任选地适于以点图案打印微胶囊(例如,布置成促进干燥、后处理和产品质量)。该系统的任选特征包括,配置为向干燥部件供应干燥空气的除湿器;补充能源(例如辐射热源),用于促进打印的微胶囊的干燥;和/或用于从可移动的产品传送机取出干燥产品的产品排出部件。
消费品基料的组分可以包括在消费品的预期使用条件下产生预期效果的任何合适的添加剂。例如,消费品基料成分可以选自个人清洁剂和/或调理剂,例如护发剂,包括洗发剂和/或染发剂、毛发调理剂、护肤剂、防晒剂和皮肤调理剂;衣物护理和/或调理剂,例如织物护理剂、织物调理剂、织物柔软剂、织物抗皱剂、织物护理抗静电剂、织物护理去污剂、去污剂、分散剂、抑泡剂、助泡剂、消泡剂、织物清新剂;液体和/或粉末洗碗剂(用于手洗洗碗和/或自动洗碗机应用)、硬表面护理剂和/或调理剂和/或抛光剂;其他清洁和/或调理剂,例如抗微生物剂、香精、漂白剂(例如氧漂白剂、过氧化氢、过碳酸盐漂白剂、过硼酸盐漂白剂、氯漂白剂)、漂白活化剂、螯合剂、助洗剂、洗剂、增亮剂、空气护理剂、地毯护理剂、染料转移抑制剂、水软化剂、水硬化剂、pH调节剂、酶、絮凝剂、泡腾剂、防腐剂、化妆剂、卸妆剂、起泡剂、沉积助剂、凝聚层形成剂、粘土、增稠剂、乳胶、二氧化硅、干燥剂、气味控制剂、止汗剂、凉爽剂、温热剂、吸附凝胶剂、抗炎剂、染料、颜料、酸和碱;液体处理活性剂;农业活性剂;工业活性剂;可摄取活性剂,例如药剂、牙齿美白剂、牙齿护理剂、漱口剂、牙周牙龈护理剂、食用剂、膳食剂、维生素、矿物质;水处理剂,例如水澄清剂和/或水消毒剂,和它们的混合物。合适的美容剂、护肤剂、皮肤调理剂、毛发护理剂和毛发调理剂的非限制性实例描述于以下文献中:CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook,Second Edition,The Cosmetic,Toiletries,and Fragrance Association,Inc.1988,1992。
一类或多类化合物可用于上面列出的一种或多种试剂。例如,表面活性剂可以用于许多上述试剂。同样,漂白剂可以用于织物护理、硬表面清洁、洗碗和甚至牙齿美白。因此,本领域普通技术人员将理解,将基于消费品的所需预期用途来选择这些试剂。例如,如果消费品用于毛发护理和/或调理,则可以选择一种或多种合适的表面活性剂,例如起泡表面活性剂,来为消费者提供所需的益处。类似地,如果消费品用于在洗衣操作中洗涤衣物,则可以选择一种或多种合适的表面活性剂和/或酶和/或助洗剂和/或香精和/或抑泡剂和/或漂白剂来为消费者提供所需的益处。
在一个实例中,该试剂是一种非香精成分(non-perfume ingredient)。在另一个实例中,该试剂是一种非表面活性剂成分。在又一个实例中,该试剂是不可摄取的成分,换言之,是除了可摄取成分之外的试剂。
在某些实施方案中,消费品基料包括一种或多种漂白活化剂、表面活性剂、助洗剂、螯合剂、染料转移抑制剂、分散剂、酶和酶稳定剂、催化金属络合物、聚合物分散剂、沉积剂、粘土和污垢去除剂/抗再沉积剂、增亮剂、抑泡剂、染料、另外的香精和香精递送系统(perfume delivery systems)、结构弹性剂、织物柔软剂、载体、助水溶物、加工助剂、结构剂、抗结块剂、涂料、甲醛清除剂和/或颜料,和它们的组合。这些成分的确切性质及其并入水平将取决于组合物的物理形式和使用它的操作的性质。然而,当存在一种或多种成分时,可以如下详述存在这样的一种或多种成分。
表面活性剂。表面活性剂可以是阴离子型、非离子型、两性离子型、两性型或阳离子型,或者可以包括这些类型的相容混合物。如果产品是衣物洗涤剂,通常使用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。相反,如果产品是织物柔软剂,则通常使用阳离子表面活性剂。除了阴离子表面活性剂之外,产品还可以含有非离子表面活性剂。产品可含有按产品重量计至多0.01%至30%、或者0.01%至20%、更或者0.1%至10%的非离子表面活性剂。在一些实例中,非离子表面活性剂可以包括乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂。适合用于本文的是式R(OC2H4)n OH的乙氧基化醇和乙氧基化烷基酚,其中R选自含有8至20个碳原子的脂族烃基和其中烷基含有8至12个碳原子的烷基苯基,且n的平均值为5至15。
合适的非离子表面活性剂为式R1(OC2H4)nOH的那些,其中R1为C10-C16烷基或C8-C12烷基苯基,n为3至80。一方面,特别有用的材料是C9-C15醇与每摩尔醇5至20摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。
织物和家庭护理组合物可以含有按产品重量计至多30%、或者0.01%至20%、更或者0.1%至20%的阳离子表面活性剂。阳离子表面活性剂包括能够提供织物护理益处的那些,非限制性实例包括:脂肪胺;季铵表面活性剂;和咪唑啉季铵盐材料。
助洗剂。产品还可以含有按产品重量计0.1%至80%的助洗剂。液体形式的组合物通常含有按产品重量计1%至10%的助洗剂组分。颗粒形式的组合物通常含有按产品重量计1%至50%的助洗剂组分。洗涤剂助洗剂在本领域中是众所周知的并且可含有例如磷酸盐以及各种有机和无机无磷助洗剂。可用于本发明的水溶性无磷有机助洗剂包括各种聚乙酸、羧酸、多元羧酸和多羟基磺酸的碱金属盐、铵盐和取代铵盐。聚乙酸盐和聚羧酸盐助洗剂的实例是乙二胺四乙酸、次氮基三乙酸、氧二琥珀酸、苯六甲酸、苯多元羧酸和柠檬酸的钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、铵盐和取代铵盐。其他多元羧酸盐助洗剂是氧二琥珀酸盐和由酒石酸单琥珀酸盐和酒石酸二琥珀酸盐的组合组成的醚羧酸盐助洗剂组合物。用于液体洗涤剂的助洗剂包括柠檬酸。合适的无磷、无机助洗剂包括硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐、硼酸盐和碳酸盐(例如碳酸钠和碳酸钾)、碳酸氢盐、倍半碳酸盐、十水四硼酸盐和其中SiO2与碱金属氧化物的重量比为0.5至4或1至2.4的硅酸盐。铝硅酸盐包括沸石也是可用的。
分散剂。产品可含有按产品重量计0.1%至10%的分散剂。合适的水溶性有机材料是均聚或共聚酸或它们的盐,其中多元羧酸可含有至少两个彼此被不超过两个碳原子隔开的羧基。分散剂也可以是多胺的烷氧基化衍生物和/或季铵化衍生物。
酶。组合物可含有一种或多种提供清洁性能和/或织物护理益处的洗涤剂酶。合适的酶的实例包括半纤维素酶、过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶、酯酶、角质酶、果胶酶、角蛋白酶、还原酶、氧化酶、酚氧化酶、脂氧合酶、木质素酶、支链淀粉酶、鞣酸酶、戊聚糖酶、malanase、β-葡聚糖酶、阿拉伯糖苷酶、透明质酸酶、软骨素酶、漆酶和淀粉酶,或其混合物。典型的组合可以是常规应用的酶如蛋白酶、脂肪酶、角质酶和/或纤维素酶与淀粉酶的混合物。酶可以其领域教导的水平使用,例如以诸如Novozymes和Genencor等供应商推荐的水平使用。产品中的典型水平为产品重量的0.0001%至5%。当存在酶时,它们可以非常低的水平使用,例如0.001%或更低;或者它们可以以更高的水平(例如0.1%或更高)用于重垢衣物洗涤剂制剂中。根据一些消费者对“非生物”洗涤剂的偏好,产品可以是含酶的或不含酶的,或是含酶的和不含酶的。
染料转移抑制剂。产品还可以包括按产品重量计0.0001%、0.01%、0.05%至按产品重量计10%、2%或甚至1%的一种或多种染料转移抑制剂,例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物、多胺N-氧化物聚合物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和N-乙烯基咪唑的共聚物、聚乙烯噁唑烷酮和聚乙烯基咪唑或它们的混合物。
螯合剂。产品可以含有按产品重量计少于5%或0.01%至3%的螯合剂,例如柠檬酸盐;含氮、不含P的氨基羧酸盐,如EDDS、EDTA和DTPA;氨基膦酸盐,例如二亚乙基三胺五亚甲基膦酸和乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸;无氮膦酸盐,例如,HEDP;和含氮或氧、不含P的羧酸盐螯合剂,例如某些大环N-配体的一般类别的化合物,例如已知用于漂白催化剂体系的那些。
增亮剂。该产品还可以包括增亮剂(也称为“光学增亮剂”),并且可以包括任何表现出荧光的化合物,包括吸收紫外光并重新发射为“蓝色”可见光的化合物。可用的增亮剂的非限制性实例包括二苯乙烯或4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯的衍生物、联苯、五元杂环例如三唑、吡唑啉、噁唑、咪唑等,或六元杂环(香豆素类、萘二甲酰胺(naphthalamide)、s-三嗪等)。可使用阳离子、阴离子、非离子、两性和两性离子增亮剂。合适的增亮剂包括由CibaSpecialty Chemicals Corporation(High Point,NC)以商标出售的那些。
漂白系统。适用于本文的漂白系统含有一种或多种漂白剂。合适的漂白剂的非限制性实例包括催化金属络合物;活化过氧源;漂白活化剂;漂白促进剂;光漂白剂;漂白酶;自由基引发剂;H2O2;次卤酸盐漂白剂;过氧源,包括过硼酸盐和/或过碳酸盐,和它们的组合。合适的漂白活化剂包括可过水解的酯和可过水解的酰亚胺,例如四乙酰乙二胺、辛酰基己内酰胺、苯甲酰氧基苯磺酸盐、壬酰氧基苯磺酸盐、苯甲酰基戊内酰胺、十二酰氧基苯磺酸盐。其他漂白剂包括过渡金属与具有确定稳定常数的配体的金属络合物。
稳定剂。该产品可能含有一种或多种稳定剂和增稠剂。可以使用任何合适水平的稳定剂;示例性水平包括按产品重量计的0.01%至20%、0.1%至10%或0.1%至3%。适用于本文的稳定剂的非限制性实例包括结晶的、含羟基的稳定剂、三羟基硬脂精、氢化油或其变体,以及它们的组合。在一些方面,结晶的、含羟基的稳定剂可以是水不溶性蜡状物质,包括脂肪酸、脂肪酯或脂肪皂。在其他方面,结晶的、含羟基的稳定剂可以是蓖麻油的衍生物,例如氢化蓖麻油衍生物,例如蓖麻蜡。含羟基的稳定剂公开在US 6,855,680和US 7,294,611中。其他稳定剂包括增稠稳定剂,例如树胶和其他类似的多糖,例如结冷胶、角叉菜胶和其他已知类型的增稠剂和流变添加剂。此类中的示例性稳定剂包括胶型聚合物(例如黄原胶)、聚乙烯醇及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物,包括纤维素醚和纤维素酯和罗望子胶(例如,包括木葡聚糖聚合物)、瓜尔胶、槐豆胶(在某些方面包含半乳甘露聚糖聚合物),以及其他工业胶和聚合物。
沉积助剂。在一些实例中,织物和家庭护理产品可包括按产品重量计0.01%至10%、0.05%至5%或0.15%至3%的沉积助剂。在一些实例中,沉积助剂可以是阳离子或两性聚合物。在一些实例中,阳离子聚合物在组合物的pH下可以具有0.005至23meq/g、0.01至12meq/g或0.1至7meq/g的阳离子电荷密度。对于含胺聚合物,其中电荷密度取决于组合物的pH,电荷密度是在产品的预期使用pH下测量的。这种pH通常在2至11的范围内,更通常在2.5至9.5的范围内。通过将每个重复单元的净电荷数除以重复单元的分子量来计算电荷密度。正电荷可以位于聚合物的主链和/或聚合物的侧链上。
在一些实例中,沉积助剂可以包括基于阳离子丙烯酸的聚合物。在另一方面,沉积助剂可以包括阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。在另一方面,沉积助剂可以包括由聚丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵阳离子组成的聚合物。在另一方面,沉积助剂可以由聚(丙烯酰胺-N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸酯)及其季铵化衍生物组成。
在一些实例中,沉积助剂可以选自阳离子多糖或两性多糖。在一些实例中,沉积助剂可以选自阳离子和两性纤维素醚、阳离子或两性半乳甘露聚糖、阳离子瓜尔胶、阳离子或两性淀粉,和它们的组合。
另一组合适的阳离子聚合物可以包括烷基胺-表氯醇聚合物,其是胺和低聚胺与表氯醇的反应产物。另一组合适的合成阳离子聚合物可以包括聚亚烷基多胺与多元羧酸的聚酰氨基胺-表氯醇(PAE)树脂。最常见的PAE树脂是二亚乙基三胺与己二酸的缩合产物,随后与表氯醇反应。
聚合物的重均分子量可以为500道尔顿至5,000,000道尔顿,例如1,000道尔顿至2,000,000道尔顿和2,500道尔顿至1,500,000道尔顿,如通过尺寸排阻色谱法相对于采用RI检测的聚环氧乙烷标准测定的。在一些实例中,阳离子聚合物的MW可以为500道尔顿至37,500道尔顿。
硅酮(Silicone)。合适的硅酮包括Si-O部分并且可以选自(a)非官能化的硅氧烷聚合物,(b)官能化的硅氧烷聚合物,和它们的组合。有机硅酮的分子量通常通过参考材料的粘度来表示。一方面,有机硅酮在25℃下的粘度可以为10至2,000,000厘沲。在另一方面,合适的有机硅酮在25℃下的粘度可以为10至800,000厘沲。
合适的有机硅酮可以是线性的、支化的或交联的。在一些实例中,有机硅酮可以是环状硅酮。环状硅酮可以是式[(CH3)2SiO]n的环甲基硅酮,其中n是整数,其可以为3至7或5至6。
在一些实例中,有机硅酮可以包括官能化的硅氧烷聚合物。官能化的硅氧烷聚合物可以包括一种或多种官能部分,其选自氨基、酰氨基、烷氧基、羟基、聚醚、羧基、氢化物、巯基、硫酸盐磷酸盐和/或季铵部分。这些部分可以通过二价亚烷基(即“侧链”)直接连接到硅氧烷主链上,或者可以是主链的一部分。合适的官能化的硅氧烷聚合物包括选自以下的材料:氨基硅酮、酰氨基硅酮、硅酮聚醚、硅酮-尿烷聚合物、季ABn硅酮、氨基ABn硅酮,和它们的组合。
在一些实例中,官能化的硅氧烷聚合物可以包括硅酮聚醚,也称为“聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇”。一般而言,硅酮聚醚包括带有一个或多个聚氧化烯链的聚二甲基硅氧烷主链。聚氧化烯部分可以作为侧链或作为末端嵌段引入聚合物中。在一些实例中,官能化的硅氧烷聚合物可以包括氨基硅酮。
在一些实例中,有机硅酮可以包括胺ABn硅酮和季铵ABn硅酮。这种有机硅酮通常通过使二胺与环氧化物反应来生产。
织物柔软活性剂。织物柔软活性剂的非限制性实例是N,N-双(硬脂酰-氧基-乙基)N,N-二甲基氯化铵、N,N-双(牛脂酰-氧基-乙基)N,N-二甲基氯化铵、N,N-双(硬脂酰-氧基-乙基)N-(2-羟基乙基)N-甲基甲基硫酸铵;二亚烷基二甲基铵盐,例如二芥花二甲基氯化铵(dicanoladimethylammoniumchloride)、二(硬)牛脂二甲基氯化铵双油菜二甲基甲基硫酸铵;1-甲基-1-硬脂酰基酰氨基乙基-2-硬脂酰咪唑啉甲基硫酸盐;1-牛脂酰基酰氨基乙基-2-牛脂酰基咪唑啉;N,N"-二烷基二亚乙基三胺;N-(2-羟基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺或N-(2-羟基异丙基)-1,2-乙二胺与用脂肪酸酯化的乙醇酸的反应产物,其中脂肪酸是(氢化)牛油脂肪酸、棕榈脂肪酸、氢化棕榈脂肪酸、油酸、菜籽脂肪酸、氢化菜籽脂肪酸;聚甘油酯(PGE)、油性糖衍生物和蜡乳液以及上述的混合物。应当理解,上文公开的柔软剂活性剂的组合适合用于本文。
织物调色剂。产品还可以包括织物调色剂(有时称为色调改变剂、上蓝剂或增亮剂)。通常,调色剂为织物提供蓝色或紫色色调。调色剂可以单独使用或组合使用,以产生特定的调色色调和/或为不同类型的织物进行色调改变。这可以例如通过混合红色和绿-蓝染料以产生蓝色或紫色色调来提供。调色剂可以选自任何已知化学类别的染料,包括但不限于吖啶、蒽醌(包括多环醌)、吖嗪、偶氮(例如,单偶氮、双偶氮、三偶氮、四偶氮、多偶氮),包括预金属化的偶氮、苯并二呋喃和苯并二呋喃酮、类胡萝卜素、香豆素、青色素、二氮杂半青色素、二苯基甲烷、甲臜、半青色素、靛类、甲烷、萘酰亚胺、萘醌、硝基和亚硝基、噁嗪、酞菁、吡唑、二苯基乙烯、苯乙烯基、三芳基甲烷、三苯基甲烷、氧杂蒽,和它们的混合物。合适的织物调色剂包括染料、染料-粘土缀合物以及有机和无机颜料。合适的染料包括小分子染料和聚合物染料。合适的小分子染料包括选自由落入酸性、直接、碱性、反应性或水解反应性、溶剂或分散性染料的颜色指数(CI)分类的染料组成的组的小分子染料,例如分类为蓝色、紫色、红色、绿色或黑色,并单独或组合提供所需的色调。
合适的聚合物染料包括选自包含共价结合(有时称为缀合)色原的聚合物(染料-聚合物缀合物)组的聚合物染料,例如具有共聚到聚合物主链中的色原的聚合物及其混合物。聚合染料包括在US 7,686,892 B2中描述的那些。
合适的染料粘土缀合物包括选自如下组的染料粘土缀合物:包含至少一种阳离子/碱性染料和蒙脱石粘土,和它们的混合物。
调色剂可以作为反应混合物的一部分并入到产物中,该反应混合物是染料分子有机合成的结果,具有任选的纯化步骤。这种反应混合物通常包括染料分子本身,此外还可以包括未反应的原料和/或有机合成路线的副产物。
颜料。合适的颜料包括选自以下的颜料:黄烷士酮、阴丹酮、含有1至4个氯原子的氯化阴丹酮、皮蒽酮、二氯皮蒽酮、一溴二氯皮蒽酮、二溴二氯皮蒽酮、四溴皮蒽酮、苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺,其中酰亚胺基团可以未被取代或被C1-C3-烷基或苯基或杂环基团取代,并且其中苯基和杂环基团可以另外携带不赋予水溶解性的取代基,蒽嘧啶羧酸酰胺、蒽酮紫、异蒽酮紫、二噁嗪颜料、每分子可以含有最多2个氯原子的铜酞菁、每分子含有最多14个溴原子的多氯铜酞菁或多溴氯铜酞菁,和它们的混合物。
结构剂。可以添加以充分悬浮有益剂或微胶囊的可用结构剂包括多糖,例如结冷胶、蜡质玉米或马齿玉米淀粉、辛烯基琥珀酸化淀粉、衍生淀粉例如羟乙基化或羟丙基化淀粉、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、黄原胶,和它们的混合物;改性纤维素,例如水解乙酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素,和它们的混合物;修饰的蛋白质,例如明胶;氢化和非氢化聚烯烃,和它们的混合物;无机盐,例如氯化镁、氯化钙、甲酸钙、甲酸镁、氯化铝、高锰酸钾、锂皂石粘土、膨润土粘土,和它们的混合物;与无机盐结合的多糖;季铵化聚合物材料,例如聚醚胺、烷基三甲基氯化铵、二酯二牛脂氯化铵;咪唑;pKa小于6.0的非离子聚合物,例如聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯亚胺乙氧基化物;聚氨酯。此类材料可从以下公司获得:CP Kelco Corp.,圣地亚哥,CA;Degussa AG或杜塞尔多夫,德国;BASF AG,路德维希港,德国;Rhodia Corp.,克兰伯里,NJ;Baker Hughes Corp.,休斯顿,TX;Hercules Corp.,威尔明顿,DE;Agrium Inc.,卡尔加里,亚伯达,加拿大;ISP,NJ。
抗结块剂。可用的抗结块剂包括二价盐,例如镁盐,例如氯化镁、乙酸镁、磷酸镁、甲酸镁、硼化镁、钛酸镁、七水硫酸镁;钙盐,例如氯化钙、甲酸钙、乙酸钙、溴化钙;三价盐,例如铝盐,例如硫酸铝、磷酸铝、氯化铝水合物和具有悬浮阴离子颗粒的能力的聚合物,例如悬浮聚合物,例如聚乙烯亚胺、烷氧基化聚乙烯亚胺、聚季铵盐-6和聚季铵盐-7。
除非另有说明,本文和权利要求中所指的所有份数、百分比和比例均按重量计。
本文公开的值和尺寸不应被理解为严格限于所列举的确切数值。相反,除非另有说明,否则每个这样的值旨在表示所述值和围绕该值的功能等效范围。例如,公开为“50%”的值旨在表示“约50%”。
术语“包括”意指非限制性的。
术语“胶囊”和“微胶囊”在本文中可互换使用。
在聚合物化学和工艺工程中使用的术语“固化”是指通过聚合物链的交联而使聚合物增韧或硬化的过程,所述交联是由热、化学添加剂或光辐射引起的。
如本文所用,“核-壳微胶囊”或更通常地“微胶囊”或“胶囊”是具有明确界定的核和明确界定的包膜或壁的基本上为球形的结构。理想情况下,壁保护核免于因氧气、湿气、光以及其他化合物的作用或其他因素而劣化;限制挥发性核材料的损失;并在所需条件下释放核材料。在这方面,本发明的核-壳微胶囊提供活性材料的受控释放。如本文所用,“控释”是指活性材料在核中保留直到特定的触发条件发生。此类触发包括例如揉搓、溶胀、pH变化、酶、温度变化、离子强度变化或其组合。
通过以下非限制性实施例更详细地描述本发明。无需进一步阐述,相信本领域技术人员基于本文的描述可以最大限度地利用本发明。本文引用的所有出版物均通过引用整体并入。
实施例1
按照下述程序制备微胶囊1。首先通过混合123克(g)模型香料(a modelfragrance)和13g辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(核溶剂,以商品名油M-5(/>oilM-5)商购获得,Stepan,芝加哥,IL)和脂族聚异氰酸酯(2.8g)(一种基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的聚异氰酸酯,可以/>N100A商购获得,Bayer,莱沃库森,德国)来制备油相。在单独的烧杯中,通过在水中溶解阿拉伯树胶(胶囊形成助剂,3.19g)、壳聚糖(6.96g)和聚氧乙基化蓖麻油(2.2g,以商品/>8240自Stepan,芝加哥,IL商购获得),获得290g水溶液。然后在7200转/分钟(“RPM”)的剪切速率下持续两分钟将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液加热至25℃,在恒定混合下向其中添加34g 30%单宁酸水溶液(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,MO)。随后,用2.5%氢氧化钠溶液将pH调节至5.2。将所得胶囊浆液在60℃下固化2小时。然后引入10%赖氨酸水溶液(28g)以淬灭聚异氰酸酯上的任何未反应的异氰酸酯基团。将胶囊混合物在60℃下再搅拌2小时以获得分散在水相中的微胶囊1。因此制备的微胶囊1在仪器 Nano-ZS(可从Malvern Inc.商购获得)上测量的ζ电位为44mV。微胶囊1的配方在表1中示出。
表1.微胶囊1
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 24% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.5% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 2.8 | 0.5% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.4% |
单宁酸 | 10.2 | 2% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 512.8 |
*N100A,一种六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)低聚物
实施例2-12
按照实施例1中所述的程序制备微胶囊2-12,不同之处在于使用了不同量的试剂。见下表1。
表2.微胶囊2
量 | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 23.1% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.4% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 5.4 | 1.0% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.3% |
单宁酸 | 15.6 | 2.9% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 533.4 | 32.27% |
*N100A
表3.微胶囊3
*N100A
表4.微胶囊4
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 23.1% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.4% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 2.4 | 0.5% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.3% |
单宁酸 | 16.2 | 3% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 532.4 |
*N100A
表5.微胶囊5
*N100A
表6.微胶囊6
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 23.3% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.5% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 9 | 1.7% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.3% |
单宁酸 | 13.2 | 2.5% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 529 |
*N100A
表7.微胶囊7
*N100A
表8.微胶囊8
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 24.3% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.6% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 3.6 | 0.7% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.4% |
单宁酸 | 7.8 | 1.5% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.6% |
与水总计 | 505.6 |
*N100A
表9.微胶囊9
*六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)低聚物,可以305商购获得
表10.微胶囊10
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 24.0% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.5% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 2.8 | 0.5% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.4% |
单宁酸 | 10.2 | 2.0% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 512.8 |
*亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷,可以TakenateTM D110N商购获得
表11.微胶囊11
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 164 | 32% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 16.4 | 3.2% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 2.8 | 0.5% |
阿拉伯树胶 | 3.19 | 0.6% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.4% |
单宁酸 | 10.2 | 2.0% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 512.8 |
*N100A
表12.微胶囊12
*N100A
表13.微胶囊13
*N100A
表14.微胶囊14
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*N100A
表15.微胶囊15
量,g | 占组合物的wt% | |
香料 | 123 | 23.3% |
辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 13 | 2.5% |
聚异氰酸酯* | 9 | 1.7% |
聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮 | 2.65 | 0.5% |
壳聚糖 | 6.96 | 1.3% |
单宁酸 | 13.2 | 2.5% |
聚氧乙基化蓖麻油 | 2.2 | 0.4% |
赖氨酸 | 2.8 | 0.5% |
与水总计 | 529 |
*N100A
表16.微胶囊16
*N100A
基准三聚氰胺-甲醛微胶囊的制备
将34g丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物溶液、18g三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物和293g水装入反应器。搅拌该混合物直至获得pH约为6.3的澄清溶液。添加乙酸直至达到pH 5。然后将该混合物在23℃下搅拌1小时,此时添加210g香料核,该香料核由168g模型香料和42gM-5油组成,并将混合物高剪切直至达到平均液滴尺寸为8μm。将温度升至80℃持续2小时以固化微胶囊。2小时后,添加40g水,冷却混合物,得到pH 5-6的白色浆液。添加25g亚乙基脲后,将浆液的pH调至7,得到三聚氰胺-甲醛(MF)基准微胶囊。
在EU织物调理剂基料中的性能评价
为了确定性能,将来自实施例1的微胶囊1组合物混合到模型织物调理剂溶液中。香料负载量为0.6%净油当量(NOE)。通过使用欧洲洗衣机使用公认的实验方案进行洗衣实验来评价胶囊的香味益处。使用毛巾进行洗涤实验,并用含有负载香料的胶囊的欧洲织物调理剂洗涤,然后通过GC/MS进行评价。揉搓前是指在揉搓毛巾之前通过GC/MS对毛巾的评价。揉搓后是指毛巾揉搓3次,然后通过GC/MS对毛巾进行评价。以相同的方式对MF基准微胶囊和净芳香油进行评价以进行比较。结果在表17中示出。
表17.
揉搓前强度 | 揉搓后强度 | I揉搓前/I揉搓后 | |
微胶囊1 | 25329.3 | 72726.3 | 2.9 |
MF基准微胶囊 | 22470.4 | 40981.9 | 1.8 |
净芳香油 | 2770.16 | 3986.56 | 1.4 |
本发明的壳聚糖微胶囊在揉搓后阶段具有出乎意料的高香味强度。
消费品实施例
本发明的微胶囊组合物可添加到各种消费品中。非限制性实例显示在下表18中。
表18
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1所有组分百分比均按消费品的重量显示。
2NOE是净芳香油当量,其等于消费品中芳香油的重量百分比。
可生物降解性
根据OECD 310协议进行可生物降解性测试。将微胶囊浆液的等分试样放入到在含有微生物接种物的水中的生物需氧量(BOD)瓶中,该微生物接种物是从Escatawpa,Mississippi公有的处理厂收集的。以规律的间隔检查瓶子是否有二氧化碳逸出持续60天。也可以采用间歇点,因为可能比60天早得多就达到了渐近值。相对于阳性对照淀粉分析降解百分比。
所有的实施例都表现出降解。
Claims (19)
1.一种微胶囊组合物,其包含微胶囊、水相和分散剂,其中
微胶囊分散在水相中,
微胶囊具有微胶囊核和封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁,
微胶囊核含有活性材料,所述活性材料选自香料、恶臭冲消剂和它们的组合,
微胶囊壁由包含聚合物网络形成,所述聚合物网络包含至少如下部分:(i)衍生自壳聚糖的第一部分,(ii)衍生自聚异氰酸酯的第二部分,(iii)衍生自单宁酸的第三部分,和(iv)衍生自多胺的第四部分,并且
第一部分和第三部分都与第二部分相连,
其中壳聚糖上的氨基-NH2与聚异氰酸酯上的异氰酸酯基团-NCO反应形成脲键-NHCONH-,从而将作为第一部分的壳聚糖部分共价连接到作为第二部分的聚异氰酸酯部分,且壳聚糖上的羟基-OH与异氰酸酯基团-NCO反应形成聚氨酯键-OCONH-,以及单宁酸上的羟基-OH与聚异氰酸酯上的异氰酸酯基团-NCO反应形成聚氨酯键-OCONH-,从而将作为第三部分的单宁酸部分共价连接到作为第二部分的聚异氰酸酯部分,
其中,所述多胺选自小麦来源的多胺、稻来源的多胺、支化聚乙烯亚胺、多肽、六亚甲基二胺、乙二胺、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基-丁烷、二亚乙基三胺、五亚乙基六胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三亚乙基-四胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、明胶、1,3-二氨基-胍、1,1-二甲基双胍、胍、精氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸,
其中微胶囊壁含有按微胶囊壁的重量计20%至60%的第一部分、5%至40%的第二部分、20%至60%的第三部分和1%至35%的第四部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊组合物,其中分散剂以按微胶囊组合物的重量计0.5%至6%的水平存在,并且选自阿拉伯树胶、聚氧乙基化蓖麻油、辛烯基琥珀酸酯改性的淀粉、黄原胶、聚磺苯乙烯、羧甲基纤维素盐、聚乙烯醇,和它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊组合物含有按重量计0.5%至5%的阿拉伯树胶和0.1%至2%的聚氧乙基化蓖麻油,壳聚糖的重均分子量为200至2,000,000道尔顿,树胶阿拉伯的重均分子量为200至2,000,000道尔顿,单宁酸的重均分子量为200至2,000,000道尔顿,并且聚氧乙基化蓖麻油的重均分子量为200至20,000道尔顿。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中聚异氰酸酯是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物,或它们的组合。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述活性材料还包含香味前体、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗微生物活性剂、抗痤疮剂、亮肤剂、驱动物剂、润肤剂、皮肤保湿剂、抗皱剂UV防护剂、织物柔软剂活性剂、硬表面清洁活性剂、、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米到微米级无机固体、聚合物或弹性体颗粒、味道调节剂、细胞、益生菌,或它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述活性材料还包含杀真菌剂、抗病毒剂、驱昆虫剂、皮肤或毛发调理剂,或它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述活性材料还包含抗感染剂、驱害虫剂,或它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊具有沉积聚合物包衣,所述沉积聚合物选自三甲基铵、甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、二甲基铵、木糖、半乳糖、羟丙基化葡萄糖、羟乙基化葡萄糖、羟甲基化葡萄糖、乙烯胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、己内酯、儿茶酚、乙烯醇、聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-11、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-37、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺与乙烯基甲酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺与3-甲基丙烯酰基氨基丙基三甲基铵的共聚物、3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵聚合物或其共聚物、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵聚合物及其共聚物、具有用羟丙基三甲基铵官能化的糖单元的多糖,以及它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊具有直径为0.2μm至100μm的尺寸。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊壁占微胶囊重量的10%至90%,并且微胶囊核占微胶囊重量的90%至10%。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中微胶囊组合物包含按重量计10%至50%的微胶囊和0.2%至5%的分散剂。
12.一种消费品,其包含权利要求1至11中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的消费品,其中所述消费品是洗发剂、护发素、条皂、沐浴露、洗涤剂、织物调理剂、气味增强剂、止汗剂、身体喷雾、乳液、蜡烛或纺织产品。
14.根据权利要求12所述的消费品,其中所述消费品是织物清新剂。
15.一种制备权利要求1至11中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(i)提供具有分散在水相中的多个油滴的水包油乳液,其中水包油乳液含有聚异氰酸酯,油相含有活性材料,水相含有壳聚糖和分散剂,
(ii)向水包油乳液中添加单宁酸,和
(iii)提供足以在步骤(ii)的水包油乳液混合物中引发界面聚合以形成具有封装微胶囊核的微胶囊壁的微胶囊的条件,
从而获得微胶囊组合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括(iv)在35℃至150℃的温度下固化微胶囊的步骤。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中聚异氰酸酯以按所述微胶囊组合物的重量计0.3%至1%的水平存在于每个油滴或水相中。
18.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中分散剂为阿拉伯树胶和聚氧乙基化蓖麻油的组合,以按所述微胶囊组合物的重量计0.5%至5%的水平添加阿拉伯树胶,并且以按所述微胶囊组合物的重量计0.1%至1%的水平添加聚氧乙基化蓖麻油。
19.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中以按所述微胶囊组合物的重量计0.5%至5%的水平添加壳聚糖。
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EP3897522A4 (en) | 2023-03-22 |
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CN113453654A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
BR112021011942A2 (pt) | 2021-09-08 |
CN113453794A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
US20220071864A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
EP3897521A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
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EP3897955A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
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